Maldives tobacco ban: Maldives becomes first country to impose generational smoking ban
According to WHO estimates, about 25.5% of Maldivians aged 15 to 69 used tobacco in 2024, with usage significantly higher among men (41.7%) than women (9.3%). Against this backdrop, the Maldives has introduced a landmark “generational smoking ban,” becoming the first country in the world to permanently bar a future age group from consuming tobacco. The policy prohibits anyone born on or after January 1, 2007, from purchasing, possessing, or using any form of tobacco for life. It was enacted through the Second Amendment to the Tobacco Control Act and ratified by President Mohamed Muizzu.
The health ministry described the initiative as a historic step toward protecting public health and building a “tobacco-free generation.” The ban, which takes effect on November 1, 2025, applies not only to traditional tobacco products such as cigarettes and cigars but also to vapes and e-cigarettes. Notably, the Maldives had already imposed a blanket ban on the import, sale, distribution, and use of vaping products for all age groups.
The new law extends its reach to both Maldivian citizens and tourists, ensuring comprehensive national enforcement. Retailers are required to verify the birth year of customers before completing any sale, making age verification a central mechanism for compliance. By stopping tobacco access for an entire generation, the Maldives aims to curb tobacco-related diseases and align more closely with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Public health experts, including the WHO, have praised the policy as a bold and forward-looking measure that could inspire similar initiatives worldwide.
Special needs services in England face ‘total collapse’ from increasing demand
Councils in England warn that services for children with special educational needs and disabilities (Send) are approaching “total collapse”, with accumulated debts projected to reach £18bn by the end of the decade. Rising demand for specialist support is placing unprecedented pressure on local authorities, and without urgent structural reforms, 59 upper-tier councils could face effective bankruptcy by March 2028.
A new report from the County Councils Network (CCN) urges the government to write off existing Send deficits and introduce legislative changes, including reforms to appeal tribunals. Such proposals, especially those limiting access to specialist provision, are expected to meet strong resistance from parents. CCN chair Matthew Hicks warned that without swift intervention, families may face longer waits for support while councils confront unsustainable financial burdens.
The Department for Education said it had inherited “a Send system on its knees” and pledged to improve mainstream inclusion so more children can be supported in local schools. Demand for education, health and care plans (EHCPs) has surged, reaching a record 638,000 in 2024–25, with numbers forecast to rise to 840,000 by 2028–29 – around one in 20 children and young people. Most EHCPs relate to autism, neurodiversity, or communication and emotional needs.
As pressures grow, councils increasingly rely on costly private specialist schools, where annual placements average £72,000, compared with £10,000 in mainstream settings. Rapidly rising deficits, currently forecast to hit £13.4bn by March 2028, threaten to destabilise local government finances when a temporary accounting “override” ends that year. Without immediate action, treasurers warn of an unprecedented financial crisis for local authorities.
When Faith Becomes Law: Palitana’s Bold Vegetarian Transformation
Palitana, a major Jain pilgrimage town in Gujarat’s Bhavnagar district, became the world’s first legally vegetarian city in 2014 after the state government banned the sale and consumption of meat, fish and eggs, and shut down local slaughterhouses. The move was driven by Jainism’s principle of Ahimsa, which rejects harm to living beings, and by the belief that animal slaughter near the sacred Shatrunjaya Hills violated the town’s spiritual sanctity.
The landmark decision followed a peaceful but powerful protest: nearly 200 Jain monks undertook a hunger strike demanding the closure of butcher shops operating in the holy town. In response, the government introduced a law with penal provisions and enforcement mechanisms to ensure that Palitana remained strictly vegetarian. Officials described the reform as an effort to preserve the town’s religious heritage and align civic governance with deeply held moral values.
Since the ban, Palitana’s identity as a spiritual centre has strengthened. Vegetarian businesses and plant-based food ventures have grown, benefiting from the town’s unique status and steady flow of pilgrims. Jain leaders regard the transformation as a moral victory and a rare example of compassionate governance.
However, the decision has also sparked debate. Critics argue that it restricts individual dietary freedom and disproportionately affects meat sellers, many from marginalized communities who struggled to find alternative livelihoods. Others raise concerns about a secular state adopting policies rooted in one religious tradition.
Despite the controversies, Palitana stands as a global example of how faith-based ethics can shape civic life and provoke wider discussions about the balance between religion, governance and personal choice.
AI can forecast your future health – just like the weather
Scientists have developed an artificial intelligence system capable of predicting an individual’s risk of developing health problems up to a decade in advance. The model, known as Delphi-2M, analyses patterns in anonymous medical records to estimate the likelihood of more than 1,000 diseases. Researchers compare the tool to a weather forecast: instead of predicting rain, it identifies risks such as diabetes, heart disease, or sepsis with probability scores rather than exact dates.
Delphi-2M uses technology similar to AI chatbots like ChatGPT, which learn patterns in language to predict the next word. Instead, this system is trained on hospital records, GP data and lifestyle information from more than 400,000 UK Biobank participants, enabling it to forecast what medical events are likely to occur and when. The model was later validated on Danish medical records from 1.9 million people, where its predictions proved highly accurate.
The AI is particularly effective for conditions with clear progression, such as type 2 diabetes or heart attacks. While not yet ready for clinical use, it could eventually help doctors identify high-risk patients early, guide preventive treatments, and offer targeted lifestyle advice. It may also help health services plan resources years in advance by forecasting disease trends in specific regions.
Researchers say this work marks the start of a new era in understanding health trajectories at scale. However, they acknowledge limitations, including potential biases because the training data largely reflects adults aged 40 to 70. The model is being expanded to incorporate imaging, genetics, and blood tests. Scientists emphasise that rigorous testing and regulation are essential before such tools become part of routine healthcare.
Trump signs bill ending longest government shutdown
The longest U.S. federal government shutdown has taken a heavy toll on air travel, with millions of passengers affected by cancellations, delays and staffing shortages. After weeks of disruption, President Donald Trump signed a House-approved bill to reopen the government temporarily, allowing federal agencies to resume operations and furloughed employees to return to work with back pay.
As agencies restart, national parks, museums, offices and non-essential services will reopen, while processing of permits, grants and federal benefits gradually returns to normal. However, recovery will take time. Analysts say airports may need several days to clear backlogs caused by the shutdown. Key public programs such as food stamps, tax refunds and other benefits will also take weeks to return to full capacity.
The shutdown occurred because Congress failed to pass all 12 annual appropriations bills required to fund government operations under the Antideficiency Act. Without these funds, agencies were barred from spending or committing federal money, triggering a partial shutdown when only some departments received temporary funding. The Act enforces strict limits on federal spending and upholds Congress’s constitutional “power of the purse.”
America’s aviation network saw some of the most severe impacts. With thousands of air traffic controllers working unpaid for more than a month, many began calling in sick, forcing the Federal Aviation Administration to order airlines to cut flight schedules. Since November 7, more than 10,000 flights have been cancelled across 40 major airports, disrupting an estimated 5.2 million passengers. Daily operations at these airports—used by nearly two million travellers—have been reduced by up to 6%. Industry groups warn that the economic impact could reach as high as $580 million per day if deeper cuts resume.
Philippines introduces innovative satellite-based crop insurance and agro-advisory services to help build farmers’ resilience
The Philippines has launched a pilot program that integrates satellite-based crop insurance with weather-informed agro-advisories to strengthen climate resilience among rice farmers, with the goal of scaling it nationwide. The initiative is led by the Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation (PCIC), DA-PhilRice, PAGASA, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), and the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT. A Memorandum of Agreement was signed on 9 June 2025 during IRRI’s 65th anniversary celebration in Los Baños, Laguna.
The program builds on a 2023 collaboration and introduces a new insurance payout mechanism bundled with field-level advisory services. It is supported by CGIAR’s Climate Action Science Program and Scaling for Impact Program, both aimed at advancing science-based solutions for climate-resilient food systems. With the Philippines experiencing an average of 20 typhoons each year and agricultural losses reaching ₱57.8 billion in 2024, improving risk management for farmers has become essential.
Traditional crop insurance has often struggled with slow claims processing, subjective assessments, and limited coverage. To address these gaps, PCIC, PhilRice, and IRRI developed the Area-Based Yield Index Insurance (ARBY), using historical yield data from the Philippine Rice Information System (PRiSM). ARBY removes the need for on-site damage verification and covers multiple risks, including floods, droughts, saltwater intrusion, pests, and diseases. Successful simulations were conducted in six municipalities during the 2023–2024 seasons.
To complement ARBY, partners developed Climate+, an agro-advisory tool offering weather-based recommendations to help farmers make timely decisions. Piloted in Camarines Sur during the 2024 wet season, the ARBY–Climate+ bundle will now be tested with farmers in Isabela and Camarines Sur, with nationwide rollout planned upon successful results.
US, UAE arms companies to co-develop AI-powered drones
The United States defence technology firm Anduril will partner with the United Arab Emirates’ state-owned EDGE Group to design and manufacture AI-enabled drones in Abu Dhabi, the companies announced on Thursday. The joint venture will produce the Omen, a lightweight autonomous drone capable of long-range missions. A new 50,000-square-foot (4,645-square-metre) research and development centre will be established in the UAE capital to support the project.
Officials confirmed that the UAE will receive the first 50 Omen drones, and promotional images already display the aircraft with UAE Air Force markings. The drone is designed to take off and land vertically like a helicopter while flying like a fixed-wing aircraft, making it suitable for deployment in both conflict zones and disaster-response situations. Anduril’s senior vice-president Shane Arnott described the platform as a disruptive alternative to traditional maritime patrol and special-mission aircraft.
According to the companies, Omen will be the first in a series of advanced systems developed through the partnership, which builds on decades of close US-UAE defence cooperation. The announcement follows President Donald Trump’s visit to Abu Dhabi in May, during which both countries outlined plans for deeper collaboration, including joint capability development.
EDGE, created in 2019 to strengthen the UAE’s domestic defence sector, is investing nearly $200 million in the programme, while Anduril has already committed about $850 million to related technologies. The drone, capable of carrying various payloads such as torpedoes, is expected to enter production by late 2028. EDGE will also gain access to Anduril’s Lattice AI system, which enables coordinated, real-time control of multiple autonomous aircraft.
Greece’s parliament approves bill extending working hours despite nationwide protests
Greece’s parliament has approved a controversial labour reform bill that allows private-sector employers to extend employees’ working hours, despite widespread protests fuelled by the ongoing cost-of-living crisis. The legislation, titled “Fair Work for All,” permits employers to lengthen the workday to as much as 13 hours, a significant increase from the current eight-hour standard. Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’s conservative government argues that the changes will modernise the labour market, improve flexibility, and strengthen economic competitiveness.
However, unions and workers across the country have strongly condemned the bill. Two nationwide strikes were held in October alone, with labour organisations warning that the new rules undermine fundamental worker protections. The Civil Servants’ Confederation (ADEDY) said the introduction of a 13-hour day represents “the final stage of deregulating labour relations,” adding that the reforms create a work environment built on exhaustion and burnout. The General Confederation of Greek Workers (GSEE) described the measure as a policy that prioritises profit over “human dignity,” urging the government to stop passing legislation without social consensus.
The backlash comes as Greek workers already rank among the most overworked in Europe. Eurostat figures show they work an average of 40 hours per week, compared with 34 in Germany and 32 in the Netherlands. An OECD survey for 2023 similarly found that Greeks logged about 1,897 hours annually, the highest in Europe. Eurostat’s 2024 data on long working hours—defined as 49 hours or more per week—also placed Greece at the top of the EU, with 12.4% of workers exceeding this threshold.
Millions of Ukrainians face dark and cold after one of Russia’s largest attacks on energy infrastructure
Millions of Ukrainians are facing freezing temperatures and extended blackouts after a new wave of Russian strikes severely damaged energy infrastructure across the country. Officials warn that the scale of destruction means repairs will take time, and electricity is being strictly rationed nationwide. In Kyiv, residents are expected to be without power for 10 to 12 hours on Sunday, according to schedules released by energy providers.
Energy Minister Svitlana Grynchuk said Saturday’s barrage was “one of the largest direct ballistic attacks on energy facilities” since the war began. She noted that emergency power cuts were introduced across nearly all regions to stabilise the grid before authorities shifted to scheduled hourly outages to help people plan their daily routines.
The strikes hit just as temperatures dropped to single digits, adding pressure to a population already accustomed to recurrent energy disruptions. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022, attacks on Ukraine’s power systems have become common, particularly in winter. Many households now rely on diesel generators and arrange daily tasks such as cooking, studying, and even leaving home around blackout schedules. Elderly residents remain particularly vulnerable, often staying indoors to avoid getting trapped without elevator access.
Nine regions were struck overnight, President Volodymyr Zelensky said, with at least 15 civilians killed. In Dnipro, a Russian drone hit a nine-story building, killing three people and injuring 12. Ukraine’s air force said only nine of 45 missiles were intercepted, alongside hundreds of drones.
Zelensky stressed Ukraine’s urgent need for more advanced air defence systems, including additional US-made Patriot batteries. Kyiv continues to appeal for international support after its request for US Tomahawk missiles was rejected by President Donald Trump last month.
Universalism does not depend upon any relative factor, hence it is free from the vices of ism. Ism thrives on the angle of group interest. Among many other factors, ism is a major factor in war. War is not an ideological clash. Those who are eager to establish peace should shake off nationalism and other allied isms.
Shrii P R Sarkar
Discourses on Prout, 17-22 October 1959, Jamalpur
Published in:Discourses on Prout
Prout in a Nutshell Volume 1 Part 5 [a compilation]
THE END
November 1, 2025
Education
New report offers evidence-based solutions to address global literacy crisis among children
LONDON, 30 October 2025 – A new global analysis highlights a complex literacy crisis in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where many teachers lack confidence in teaching reading and large numbers of children are not acquiring basic literacy skills despite attending school. The report, Effective Reading Instruction in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: What the Evidence Shows, reviews around 120 studies from Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, covering over 170 languages. Endorsed by the Global Education Evidence Advisory Panel (GEEAP), it identifies the essential skills children must learn—and teachers must teach—to build strong reading foundations.
According to the World Bank, 70% of children in LMICs cannot read and understand simple text. Data from over 500,000 students across 48 countries shows that after three years of schooling, more than 90% still struggle to identify letters, sounds, or basic words. The report emphasizes that instruction not grounded in proven methods drives this crisis, and investing in evidence-based early literacy teaching can reduce remediation needs, repetition rates, and dropouts.
The research stresses two core components of reading: decoding (recognizing letters and sounds to form words) and language comprehension (understanding meaning). Six skills are critical for literacy development: oral language, phonological awareness, systematic phonics, reading fluency, comprehension strategies, and writing. Explicit, structured, and systematic teaching of these skills is key to success.
The report urges policymakers to prioritize evidence-based reading instruction, choose suitable languages of instruction, support teachers with training and materials, and provide time and resources to build a culture of reading. A practical implementation guide and translated resources will follow in November.
Sustainable agriculture innovations could reduce worldwide water usage in farming by up to 30% in 2025.
Technological progress is transforming agriculture worldwide, reshaping how food is grown, monitored, and distributed. In 2025, farming looks dramatically different thanks to innovations across the agricultural value chain. Precision farming tools—combining artificial intelligence, drones, satellite data, and smart sensors—allow farmers to monitor soil health, crop growth, and weather patterns in real time. This enables targeted irrigation, fertilization, and pest control, reducing waste and increasing productivity. Autonomous tractors and robots are becoming common, particularly in regions facing labor shortages, helping farmers manage large fields with accuracy and efficiency. Cloud-based platforms now integrate field data, logistics, and market insights, enabling remote farm management and informed decision-making. AI-driven advisory systems further support farmers by predicting weather impacts, identifying pests, and recommending best-practice interventions.
Biotechnology is also advancing rapidly. Genetically modified crops and gene-edited varieties, such as drought-tolerant grains, are gaining wider acceptance, improving resilience against climate stress while reducing reliance on chemicals. Innovative biological pest-control technologies add to sustainability efforts.
Climate change remains a central challenge, pushing adoption of regenerative agriculture, agroforestry, water-efficient irrigation, and climate-smart policies. These approaches restore soil, conserve biodiversity, and improve resilience against extreme weather. Meanwhile, digital connectivity is opening new market opportunities. Mobile platforms offer price updates, weather forecasts, and direct-to-market sales channels, while blockchain enhances traceability and food safety. APIs linking satellite and weather data to local farm systems further strengthen decision-making.
Together, these technologies are creating a more efficient, sustainable, and inclusive agricultural future—benefiting farmers of all scales across both developed and emerging economies.
Amazon to layoff 10% of its workforce, 30,000 jobs axed – ‘overhired during pandemic’
Amazon is preparing to cut approximately 30,000 corporate jobs starting Tuesday, according to sources familiar with the plan. The reductions, aimed at streamlining operations and offsetting pandemic-era over-hiring, will impact nearly 10% of the company’s 350,000 corporate employees. Although this represents a small portion of Amazon’s total workforce of 1.55 million, it marks the company’s largest layoff since late 2022, when around 27,000 roles were eliminated. An Amazon spokesperson declined to comment.
The layoffs are expected to span multiple divisions, including human resources (known internally as People Experience and Technology), operations, devices and services, and Amazon Web Services. Managers reportedly received training Monday to prepare for notifications to employees, which will begin via email Tuesday morning.
CEO Andy Jassy has been actively pushing to reduce organizational complexity by cutting layers of management and encouraging efficiency improvements. The company created an anonymous reporting channel that has already prompted hundreds of process changes. Jassy has also signaled that advancements in artificial intelligence are contributing to job reductions by automating routine tasks. Analysts say Amazon’s growing use of AI is delivering productivity gains enabling a smaller corporate workforce.
The exact number of layoffs may shift as financial priorities evolve, though early reports suggest the human resources department alone could see a reduction of about 15%. Amazon’s strict return-to-office policy, requiring employees to be onsite five days a week, has also factored into workforce changes, with some remote workers being deemed to have resigned. This move comes amid broader tech-sector cutbacks, with nearly 100,000 tech jobs eliminated so far this year.
Albania’s AI minister is ‘pregnant’ with 83 digital assistants, prime minister says
Albania’s first artificial intelligence government minister, Diella, is set to have 83 AI “offspring” who will serve as parliamentary assistants, Prime Minister Edi Rama has announced. Speaking at the Global Dialogue Forum in Berlin, Rama explained that these AI systems will support members of parliament by attending sessions virtually, recording parliamentary discussions, tracking mentions of lawmakers, and advising them on how to respond to legislative developments.
Rama said the assistant systems would inherit Diella’s extensive knowledge, particularly regarding European Union legislation and public policy. “These children will have their mother’s knowledge on EU laws and much more,” he noted. They will inform lawmakers about key remarks made in their absence and recommend responses, particularly when a member is referenced in debate.
Diella, whose name means “Sun” in Albanian, was first introduced in January as a digital public service assistant designed to help citizens navigate government services online. In September, Rama promoted Diella to the cabinet, making her the world’s first AI government minister. One of her core responsibilities is overseeing public procurement decisions, a role the government says will help eliminate corruption by ensuring fully transparent, data-driven tender processes.
Diella also addressed the Berlin summit, emphasizing that AI rooted in democratic values can strengthen, rather than replace, human leadership. She stated that she and her upcoming AI assistants would not displace civil servants but instead enhance their work by offering data-powered decision support and taking over routine administrative tasks, boosting government efficiency and accountability.
A BBC investigation has uncovered widespread illegal teeth-whitening treatments in the UK, with unregulated practitioners offering dangerous bleaching products in car parks, on doorsteps, and via social media. Some gels sold to undercover reporters contained hydrogen peroxide levels up to 53% — more than 500 times the legal over-the-counter limit, and far above what dentists are permitted to use. Reporters were even able to buy fake teeth-whitening qualifications and were encouraged to “practise on friends and family.”
UK law states that only registered dental professionals can perform whitening treatments using more than 0.1% hydrogen peroxide, and dentists are restricted to a maximum of 6%. Despite this, beauty practitioners were found openly advertising illegal products and training courses. Kits included syringes of unlabelled bleaching gel and pre-signed certificates, with one seller boasting of “insane” profits.
The investigation was prompted by concerns from a beautician alarmed by the trend. One victim, 54-year-old Kellie Howson, lost four teeth and spent thousands on corrective dental care after a salon treatment left her in severe pain. Laboratory tests at the University of Lancashire confirmed the extreme concentration of chemicals in products purchased by the BBC. Dental experts warned that such high-strength gels can burn gums, permanently damage teeth, and should only be administered under professional supervision.
The British Dental Association called the findings “horrifying” and urged a crackdown on illegal treatments. Authorities advised the public to report suspicious whitening services to Trading Standards and seek treatment only from qualified dentists.
Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS just made its closest pass of the sun. Discover where it’s going next
An interstellar comet, known as 3I/ATLAS, has just made its closest pass to the sun and is now moving back outward — but it will remain within our solar system for several more months. The comet, only the third known visitor from another star system, passed about 126 million miles (203 million kilometers) from the sun. It is currently hidden behind the sun from Earth’s view, but astronomers expect it to become visible again in mid-November. Sky-watchers with telescopes may spot it in the predawn sky around November 11.
3I/ATLAS will come nearest to Earth on December 19, approaching within 168 million miles (270 million kilometers). Scientists emphasize that it poses no danger to our planet. Since its discovery on July 1, astronomers have monitored the object closely to understand how it compares with comets native to our solar system.
Comets consist of ice, rock, and dust, and when they warm near a star, they release gases and particles, forming a glowing tail. Observations of 3I/ATLAS as it neared the sun have revealed carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, carbonyl sulfide, and water ice escaping from its surface — clues to its chemical makeup and the ancient system where it formed. Estimates suggest the comet is between 3 and 11 billion years old, far older than our 4.6-billion-year-old solar system.
Although the comet dimmed from ground-based view in October, spacecraft around Mars and other missions have captured images. More observations are expected in the coming months, offering scientists a rare opportunity to study a truly cosmic traveler.
What to know about a disputed election in Tanzania, where single-party rule is being challenged
Protests have erupted across Tanzania as officials tally votes from a highly disputed presidential election, which opposition leaders and rights groups say took place under intimidation and fear. Military and police units have been deployed in major cities to suppress unrest following Wednesday’s vote — an unusually heavy security presence in a country long viewed as one of East Africa’s most stable destinations.
Much of the anger is directed at President Samia Suluhu Hassan, Tanzania’s first female leader, who is seeking another five-year term. Her two strongest challengers were prevented from running, leaving her to face 16 minor candidates. Critics argue the election was not competitive, and social media has filled with cartoons and commentary portraying her as authoritarian and unwilling to face real opposition.
Leading opposition figure Tundu Lissu, head of the Chadema party, has been jailed on treason charges after calling for reforms, while another major contender, Luhaga Mpina of ACT-Wazalendo, was barred from the race. Rights organizations, including Amnesty International and UN experts, report patterns of arbitrary arrests, disappearances, and lethal force against government critics in recent years. Internet access has also been repeatedly disrupted during the vote-counting period.
Tanzania’s ruling Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party has held power since independence in 1961, making it one of Africa’s longest-ruling movements. While CCM has historically managed peaceful transitions within its ranks, critics say Hassan has embraced harsher tactics to secure control, even as youth-driven democracy movements gain momentum in neighboring nations. As official results are awaited, tensions remain high and observers warn of further unrest.
BRICS, India, And China’s Digital Renminbi: Is De-Dollarisation Finally Becoming A Reality? — Explained
For decades, the US dollar has dominated global finance, trade, and sanctions enforcement, giving Washington unmatched geopolitical leverage. But that supremacy is now being challenged as major economies pursue alternatives. Former US President Donald Trump has accused BRICS nations of trying to undermine the dollar, and India has already settled trade with Russia in rupees. Now China has taken an even bigger step.
In October 2025, China announced that its digital currency — the e-CNY — will be used for cross-border payments with all ASEAN states and six Middle Eastern nations. This move links nearly 38% of global trade to China’s digital payment network, bypassing the US-controlled SWIFT system. Pilot programs have shown settlements completed in seconds rather than days, with drastically lower fees. For countries wary of US sanctions, China’s system offers greater financial independence.
Beijing’s strategy is part of a broader effort to create a parallel, faster, and sanction-resistant financial system. BRICS nations now settle the majority of their intra-bloc trade in local currencies, and more Asian and Middle Eastern countries are holding yuan in reserves and using it for energy trade.
Meanwhile, India is developing a digital rupee — not to mirror China but to offer an open and inclusive model. Through UPI-linked cross-border systems and pilot corridors with partners like the UAE, New Delhi aims to strengthen its own monetary sovereignty while enabling global digital trade.
The dollar remains dominant, but with digital currencies rising, a multipolar financial order is emerging — driven not by conflict, but by technology and choice.
Hurricane Melissa made history on October 28 when it struck Jamaica as a catastrophic Category 5 storm — the strongest hurricane ever to make landfall on the island. The storm intensified rapidly over record-warm Caribbean waters, reinforcing scientists’ warnings that climate change is driving more frequent and powerful tropical cyclones.
Melissa brought extreme winds, torrential rain and destructive flooding across Jamaica, Haiti and eastern Cuba. Although Jamaica is no stranger to hurricanes, it had never before taken a direct hit from a Category 5 system; even the infamous Hurricane Gilbert in 1988 made landfall as a Category 3. Meteorologists described Melissa as one of the most intense storms ever recorded in the Caribbean, with wind speeds rivaling historic giants like Allen (1980) and Maria (2017).
The storm’s slow movement worsened its impact — inundating communities, destroying homes and cutting power to roughly 77% of Jamaica. In St. Elizabeth Parish, hospitals sustained severe damage while entire neighborhoods were submerged. Montego Bay residents reported waist-deep water, and rescuers were forced to break into homes to save trapped families. AccuWeather estimates Jamaica alone suffered more than $22 billion in damage, with rebuilding expected to take years.
Haiti, though spared a direct landfall, endured deadly flooding and infrastructure collapse, while Cuba evacuated hundreds of thousands as severe damage unfolded.
Melissa is the fourth Atlantic hurricane this season to undergo rapid intensification, a trend linked to warming oceans. Caribbean leaders renewed calls for wealthy nations to strengthen climate aid and the UN “loss and damage” fund, arguing that vulnerable island states cannot bear the burden of increasingly extreme storms alone.
Trump declines to rule out underground nuclear tests
President Donald Trump reaffirmed on Friday that the United States intends to resume nuclear testing, breaking with more than three decades of restraint. However, he avoided directly confirming whether this would include underground explosive tests similar to those conducted during the Cold War. Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One en route to Palm Beach, Trump said only, “You’ll find out very soon, but we’re going to do some testing. Other countries do it. If they’re going to do it, we’re going to do it.”
Trump first hinted at the policy shift the previous day when he announced via social media that he had ordered the U.S. military to restart the nuclear testing process. The timing — during a flight to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping for trade discussions in Busan, South Korea — signaled the move as a strategic message to Beijing and Moscow amid growing great-power tensions.
It remains unclear whether Trump is referring to full-scale nuclear explosive tests, which would fall under the National Nuclear Security Administration, or non-explosive missile testing. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, speaking in Malaysia, defended the plan as a “responsible way” to maintain deterrence, stating the Pentagon would coordinate closely with the Department of Energy. “We’re moving out quickly,” he said.
The U.S. has not conducted an explosive nuclear test since 1992. Only North Korea has done so in the past 25 years. In response, Nevada Representative Dina Titus introduced legislation seeking to block any resumption, warning such tests could trigger global escalation and expose Nevadans to renewed radiation risks.
“Science must be utilized for constructive purposes, not for causing destruction. The invention of nuclear weapons is a misuse of science.”
P.R. Sarkar
Human Society Part 2, “Moralism
THE END
October 25, 2025
Education
What if your child loved school? Finland proves it’s possible; Here’s how they built one of world’s most admired education systems
Imagine a school where every child feels seen, supported, and inspired—a place driven not by exams or competition, but by trust, curiosity, and care. That’s the Finnish approach to education, a system rooted in equality, creativity, and lifelong learning rather than test scores and rankings.
In Finland, education is a national value and a long-term investment in the country’s future. From preschool to university, the focus is on developing confident, capable learners. Teaching is a prestigious and highly selective profession—every teacher holds a Master’s degree, and only the most passionate candidates are chosen. This respect for educators underpins the entire system.
Classrooms in Finland operate on trust and autonomy. While a national curriculum provides broad goals, teachers have the freedom to design lessons that suit their students’ individual needs. This flexibility fosters engagement, inclusivity, and innovation. Most children attend their local, publicly funded schools, which offer equal opportunities regardless of background.
Unlike many systems driven by standardized testing, Finland emphasizes encouragement and continuous feedback. Students are guided to grow through support and constructive dialogue, not ranked by exam results. Complementing this is a strong welfare network—free meals, healthcare, and counselling ensure that every child’s basic needs are met, allowing them to focus fully on learning.
Finland’s success lies in its human-centered philosophy. By trusting teachers, empowering students, and prioritizing well-being over performance, it demonstrates that true education is not about competition, but about nurturing potential and community.
Australia’s rainforests are releasing more carbon than they absorb, warn scientists
A new study has found that tropical rainforests in northeastern Australia have shifted from absorbing carbon dioxide to releasing it, raising concerns about the planet’s natural ability to regulate greenhouse gases. Published in Nature on October 15, the research tracked around 11,000 trees over nearly 50 years and revealed that these once carbon-absorbing forests have become net carbon emitters over the past 25 years.
From 1971 to 2000, the forests absorbed about 553 pounds of carbon per acre annually. However, between 2010 and 2019, they emitted around 830 pounds per acre each year. According to lead author Hannah Carle of Western Sydney University, rising temperatures, drier air, and frequent droughts are likely causing trees to die faster, releasing more carbon as they decay.
This marks the first recorded instance of a rainforest shifting from a carbon sink to a carbon source. Carle described it as “a canary in the coal mine,” warning that similar changes could occur in other tropical regions as global warming intensifies.
Extreme weather events, including severe cyclones linked to climate change, have also contributed to tree deaths, further reducing the forest’s carbon storage capacity. Scientists say these findings challenge long-held assumptions that tropical forests will continue to offset carbon emissions by absorbing more CO₂.
Experts emphasize that long-term ecological data like this are essential for understanding how climate change alters forest dynamics. As Carle notes, Australia’s warming and drying climate may foreshadow future conditions for tropical forests worldwide.
‘Alarming rise’ in mental health stigma in England, research shows
A new report from the mental health charity Mind reveals growing stigma toward people with mental health conditions in England. According to the survey, conducted by the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King’s College London, one in seven people now say they are frightened of living near someone with mental health problems—nearly double the figure from 2017. Even if the person has recovered, one in ten respondents said they would still be unwilling to live next door.
Public acceptance of community-based mental health services has also declined, with only 63% of people comfortable having such services nearby, compared to 70% in 2015. Meanwhile, 16% of respondents said these services would “downgrade” their neighborhood, up from 10% in 2019. The share of people who believe individuals with serious conditions like schizophrenia can fully recover has fallen sharply, from 67% in 2019 to 53%.
Mind’s chief executive, Dr Sarah Hughes, described the trend as “alarming,” citing a rise in negative language, media narratives linking mental illness to violence, and growing hostility toward mental health facilities. Prof Claire Henderson of the IoPPN added that recent high-profile crimes involving mentally ill offenders may have intensified fear and misunderstanding.
The findings coincide with record pressures on mental health services—1.66 million people are currently waiting for community care in England and Wales. Psychology student Jenny Tan, who experienced stigma while recovering from anorexia, said misconceptions persist because “people still associate mental illness with danger, not recovery or hope.”
Major insurance company collapses and files Chapter 15
When an insurance company in the U.S. becomes financially insolvent, it does not declare bankruptcy in the traditional sense. Instead, a state court issues an order of insolvency and liquidation. During this process, state guaranty associations—coordinated by the National Organization of Life & Health Insurance Guaranty Associations (NOLHGA)—step in to protect policyholders, ensuring continued coverage up to state-defined limits. Insurance company failures are rare, with only 12 liquidations recorded between 2015 and 2024, according to NOLHGA.
In exceptional cases involving cross-border operations, an insurer may file for Chapter 15 bankruptcy in the U.S. Chapter 15 recognizes foreign insolvency proceedings and pauses domestic lawsuits, protecting the company’s U.S. assets while liquidation occurs abroad.
Such is the case with Northeast Insurance Company, a Bermuda-based insurer that covered several major New York hospitals. Forced into insolvency in Bermuda on October 7, the company filed for Chapter 15 protection in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York on October 13. The filing grants legal protection in the U.S. while Bermuda’s liquidation proceeds.
Northeast Insurance collapsed under the weight of 55 child sexual abuse claims filed under New York’s Child Victims Act, which extended the statute of limitations for survivors to pursue civil and criminal cases. The company’s members included Mount Sinai, Montefiore, Maimonides, and Beth Israel Medical Centers. Having stopped writing new policies in 2017, Northeast said the claims were “unforeseeable,” leaving reserves insufficient to cover the mounting liabilities.
Catholic Church is failing abuse victims, Vatican panel says
Vatican Report Criticizes Church Leaders for Slow Action on Sexual Abuse
VATICAN CITY, Oct 16 — The Vatican’s child protection commission has issued a sharply critical report accusing senior Catholic leaders of moving too slowly to support victims of clerical sexual abuse and to enforce safeguarding measures. The 103-page document, only the second of its kind since the commission’s creation in 2014, faults Church authorities for failing to provide victims with updates on their cases or information about disciplinary action against negligent bishops.
The report highlights widespread shortcomings, noting that victims often face “empty settlements and performative gestures” rather than genuine engagement. It also revealed that the commission itself has struggled to obtain information from Church departments, including the Dicastery for Evangelization, which reportedly has only one official dedicated to safeguarding.
Lead author Maud de Boer-Buquicchio emphasized inadequate funding and resources as major obstacles to effective reform. Italy’s bishops were particularly criticized for poor cooperation—only 81 of 226 dioceses responded to questionnaires about abuse prevention, compared to full participation from South Korea.
Advocates like Anne Barrett Doyle of Bishop Accountability praised the report as a needed “wake-up call” for Pope Leo. The commission urged greater transparency regarding the removal of bishops accused of abuse or negligence, underscoring that the Church must prioritize accountability and compassion toward survivors to rebuild trust.
A new report by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and the Paris Peace Forum warns that Africa’s agricultural sector remains critically underfunded, receiving only $49 billion in 2022—just a quarter of the $200 billion needed to unlock its full potential. Agriculture supports 70% of Africans, contributes 30% of the continent’s GDP, and has the power to advance up to 50% of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet African farmers receive an average of only $140 per year, compared with $1,300 globally.
The report highlights that low investment in irrigation, mechanization, and productivity forces Africa to import over $27 billion in cereals annually—a figure projected to quadruple by 2030 if funding gaps persist. Investing in agriculture, says BCG’s Younès Zrikem, can reduce poverty, empower women, and strengthen climate resilience.
With 400 million Africans living in extreme poverty and 60% of the world’s acutely food-insecure population residing on the continent, agriculture presents a “triple win” opportunity—addressing hunger, poverty, and gender inequality simultaneously. Women make up 40% of the agricultural workforce, and climate-smart practices could help curb global migration linked to climate change.
Despite its promise, public spending averages only 3% of African government budgets—far below the 10% AU target. The report calls for urgent blended financing, innovation, and collaboration. The Paris Peace Forum’s new ATLAS initiative and the 2×30 Challenge aim to double agricultural investment to $100 billion by 2030—turning Africa’s farms into engines of sustainable global growth.
Massive Hole Discovered in the Indian Ocean Stuns Scientists
Scientists Unravel the Mystery of a Massive “Gravity Hole” in the Indian Ocean
A vast and mysterious depression beneath the Indian Ocean, known as the Indian Ocean Geoid Low (IOGL), has baffled scientists for decades. This enormous “gravity hole”—the largest on Earth—sits about 330 feet below the planet’s average sea level, without any visible surface feature like a trench or volcano to explain it. New research led by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is now shedding light on the phenomenon through advanced computer simulations and mantle modeling.
The IOGL, located south of India, represents a major gravitational anomaly where Earth’s gravity is weaker than normal. Using simulations that trace 140 million years of geological history, researchers discovered that the anomaly results from the interaction of deep mantle plumes and the subduction of ancient oceanic slabs. As dense oceanic crust sank into the mantle, it collided with a vast hot region beneath Africa—known as the Large Low-Shear-Velocity Province (LLSVP)—triggering upwelling plumes of lighter, hotter material.
These plumes slowly drifted toward the Indian Ocean, redistributing mass in Earth’s interior and creating the observed dip in the gravity field. The study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, suggests this process began around 20 million years ago following the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates.
Scientists now aim to use seismic data and gravity models to refine their understanding of this phenomenon—offering a deeper glimpse into how hidden mantle processes shape Earth’s surface and gravitational balance.
Scientists just made atoms talk to each other inside silicon chips
Engineers Make Atomic Nuclei “Talk,” Paving the Way for Scalable Quantum Computers
In a groundbreaking achievement, engineers at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) have discovered how to make atomic nuclei communicate through electrons, enabling entanglement at scales compatible with modern silicon chips. The research, published in Science on September 18, represents a major leap toward scalable, silicon-based quantum computers.
Quantum entanglement—where two particles become so deeply connected they behave as one—is the foundation of quantum computing’s power. The UNSW team achieved this using the nuclear spins of phosphorus atoms implanted in silicon, creating the cleanest, most isolated quantum objects capable of “talking” to each other at the nanoscale.
Dr. Holly Stemp, lead author, explained the advance using a metaphor: previously, atomic nuclei were like people in soundproof rooms—isolated but unable to communicate. By using electrons as “telephones”, the team enabled long-distance communication between nuclei about 20 nanometers apart—roughly the same scale as components in today’s computer chips.
This discovery bridges the long-standing gap between quantum purity and large-scale connectivity. By removing the need for multiple nuclei to share a single electron, UNSW scientists overcame one of quantum computing’s biggest challenges: scalability.
Professor Andrea Morello noted that the breakthrough aligns perfectly with existing semiconductor manufacturing, meaning quantum chips could soon be built using current silicon technology. This innovation, he said, opens a realistic path toward mass-producible quantum processors, bringing the quantum future closer to everyday devices.
Trade deals weaponised to enforce strict seed patents, warns new report
Trade Deals Threaten Farmers’ Seed Rights Across the Global South, Warns GRAIN Report
A new report by GRAIN, a global nonprofit advocating food sovereignty, warns that free trade agreements (FTAs) are increasingly being used by wealthy nations to impose restrictive seed laws on developing countries. These agreements, the report says, are pressuring governments in the Global South to adopt the UPOV 1991 Convention—a Geneva-based treaty granting corporations exclusive rights over plant varieties for up to 25 years, while restricting farmers from saving, exchanging, or reusing seeds.
Originally designed to support industrial agriculture in Europe, UPOV 1991 undermines traditional farming practices and local biodiversity. According to GRAIN, this framework disrupts farmers’ centuries-old knowledge systems, replacing communal seed sharing with corporate-controlled intellectual property regimes.
While countries such as the US, EU, Japan, and Australia have long pushed for UPOV-aligned rules, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has recently emerged as a major new actor, incorporating such clauses in trade deals with Cambodia, Malaysia, and Mauritius. The report warns that the UAE’s growing influence in agricultural investments across Africa and Asia makes it a “new threat to global food sovereignty.”
GRAIN’s updated global dataset and interactive map document two decades of FTAs enforcing UPOV-style seed laws—many negotiated outside the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework, without public debate. These agreements, GRAIN notes, go beyond international norms by forcing countries to adopt patents on plants and microorganisms, consolidating corporate power and further eroding farmers’ rights worldwide.
Israel blocks Gaza crossings despite ceasefire; 1.5 million need aid
The fragile Gaza ceasefire faced a major setback as Israel accused Hamas of breaching the agreement by delaying the return of hostages’ bodies. Israel responded by halving the flow of aid trucks into Gaza to 300 per day and postponing the reopening of the Rafah border crossing with Egypt, both key provisions of the U.S.-brokered deal. Hamas handed over four more bodies to the Red Cross, bringing the total to eight, but said it faced difficulties locating burial sites amid widespread devastation. Israel alleged deliberate stalling.
The ceasefire, negotiated by former U.S. President Donald Trump, had led to the release of 20 Israeli hostages, nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners, and a partial Israeli withdrawal from Gaza. However, tensions resurfaced as Israeli troops opened fire in separate incidents, killing civilians who approached military positions. Hamas, meanwhile, was accused of executing opponents as it sought to reassert control over the territory.
Trump urged Hamas to fulfill its commitments, saying, “The dead have not been returned, as promised. Phase Two begins now.” The delay in reopening Rafah sparked outrage among humanitarian groups struggling to deliver food and medicine. The UN reported only limited aid entry since the truce began.
Attention has now shifted to plans for a transitional Gaza administration and reconstruction, with a proposed $70 billion rebuilding cost. The massive destruction, estimated at 55 million tonnes of rubble, underscores the scale of the crisis as fragile peace efforts hang in the balance.
To materialize the concept of universalism a World Government is necessary. This World Government should be a confederation of all the federated states of the world. These federated states will consist of self-sufficient economic units or zones formed entirely on socio-economic and geographical considerations. Economically developed areas have a tendency to exploit economically undeveloped areas and hence federated states should be formed of different units.
Shri P R Sarkar
Talks on Prout
July 1961, Ranchi
Published in:
Prout in a Nutshell Volume 3 Part 15 [a compilation]
THE END
October 11, 2025
Education
Explore a bird database with 11,500 species
In 1999, Stanford PhD student Çağan Şekercioğlu sought to find what percentage of tropical forest understory insect-eating birds were endangered—only to discover that no such global data existed. “It was unbelievable,” he recalled. “There’s no global database on birds.” Determined to fill this gap, Şekercioğlu began compiling information on bird diets, habitats, and conservation statuses. Within a few years, he found that 27% of these birds were threatened or near threatened. But his research didn’t stop there.
Expanding his work beyond tropical insect-eaters, Şekercioğlu created BIRDBASE, the first comprehensive global database of avian ecological and life history traits. Developed between 1999 and 2003 during his PhD at Stanford, and continually updated since, BIRDBASE now includes data on 11,589 bird species across 254 families, drawing from ornithological literature, field studies, and bird books.
The latest version, published in Scientific Data, documents 78 traits—from body mass, nest type, and clutch size to migratory behavior and conservation status. This massive dataset enables scientists to study patterns linking traits to extinction risk, population declines, and global biodiversity trends. Findings so far show that over half of all bird species (54%) are insect-eaters, many facing increasing threats. Fish-eating seabirds are also highly vulnerable, while fruit-eating birds play a vital role in sustaining tropical forests.
After 26 years of continuous effort with help from students and volunteers, Şekercioğlu views BIRDBASE as an evolving project—one that continues to illuminate the intricate lives and challenges of the world’s birds.
3I/ATLAS Cosmic Visitor Discovery Shocks NASA & Astronomers
Something extraordinary is speeding through our solar system at 245,000 km per hour — and it’s not from here. Named 3I/ATLAS, this is only the third confirmed interstellar object ever detected, and possibly the oldest cosmic traveler ever observed. Discovered on July 1, 2025, by NASA’s ATLAS telescope in Chile, it was first mistaken for a typical comet until astronomers realized it had come from beyond our solar system.
Unlike native comets, 3I/ATLAS likely formed billions of years ago in another star system. Observations by the James Webb Space Telescope on August 6 revealed an unusual chemical makeup rich in carbon dioxide and nickel—materials that could reveal how planets and stars formed in distant galaxies. According to NASA’s Dr. Emily Saunders, “It’s like holding a fragment of another galaxy in our telescopes.”
Even more remarkable, 3I/ATLAS is enormous—its glowing coma spans 26,400 by 24,700 kilometers, nearly twice Earth’s diameter, making it the largest interstellar visitor ever recorded. As it races toward its closest approach to the Sun in October 2025, telescopes worldwide are tracking its evolving structure and chemistry.
Scientists believe 3I/ATLAS could reshape our understanding of planetary formation, possibly revealing how interstellar material seeds new worlds. Alongside ‘Oumuamua (2017) and 2I/Borisov (2019), it joins a rare class of cosmic wanderers carrying secrets from the early galaxy. For astronomers, 3I/ATLAS is more than a comet—it’s a time capsule from another star system, offering an unprecedented glimpse into the origins of planets and life itself.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their groundbreaking discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunneling and energy quantization in electric circuits, advancing quantum technology and computation.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi for developing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)—innovative materials with vast potential in gas storage, catalysis, and environmental applications.
In Physiology or Medicine, Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi were honored for uncovering mechanisms of peripheral immune tolerance, crucial for understanding autoimmune diseases.
The Literature Prize was awarded to László Krasznahorkai, celebrated for his visionary, apocalyptic prose that reaffirms art’s enduring power.
Finally, the Nobel Peace Prize recognized Maria Corina Machado for her courageous fight for democracy and peaceful political transition in Venezuela.
World leaders show strong support for political declaration on noncommunicable diseases and mental health
World leaders have voiced strong support for the first United Nations global political declaration addressing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and mental health in an integrated, equitable way. The declaration, developed through a five-month negotiation among member states, will be presented for adoption at the 80th UN General Assembly in October 2025.
The announcement followed the Fourth UN High-level Meeting on NCDs and Mental Health, attended by heads of state, government representatives, and health ministers. NCDs—including cardiovascular and lung diseases, cancer, and diabetes—remain the leading global killers, claiming 43 million lives in 2021, with 82% of premature deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Meanwhile, mental health conditions affect over one billion people worldwide.
The declaration, titled “Equity and Integration: Transforming Lives and Livelihoods through Leadership and Action on Noncommunicable Diseases and the Promotion of Mental Health and Well-being,” establishes ambitious targets for 2030: reducing tobacco use by 150 million people, improving hypertension control for another 150 million, and expanding access to mental health care for 150 million more.
It reflects lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and tackles new threats, including air pollution, unsafe cooking fuels, lead exposure, and digital harms such as misinformation and excessive screen time. The text also tightens regulation on e-cigarettes, junk food marketing to children, front-of-pack labeling, and trans fats, while emphasizing support for climate-vulnerable populations, Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and people living with NCDs and mental health conditions.
South America Ready To Accept the BRICS Payment System
Latin American nations, often referred to collectively as South America, are showing readiness to adopt the BRICS cross-border payment initiative, according to Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergey Ryabkov. Speaking at the “Russia and Ibero-America in a Turbulent World” forum in St. Petersburg, Ryabkov confirmed that work on the initiative is progressing rapidly and could be fully operational by 2030.
The concept, discussed during the July BRICS Summit, aims to create an alternative international payment system that reduces dependence on Western-controlled financial networks such as SWIFT and the US dollar. Ryabkov emphasized that interest in BRICS is “expanding across South America,” highlighting the continent’s growing economic and political alignment with the bloc.
If adopted, the payment system could significantly reshape global trade by enabling transactions in local or BRICS-based currencies, reducing dollar dominance. Such a shift could have major implications for the US economy, potentially affecting inflation, employment, and consumer markets.
Beyond Latin America, several African nations are also exploring participation, signaling a broader move toward financial multipolarity. Under Brazil’s BRICS chairmanship, the bloc’s Economic Partnership Strategy 2030 is being finalized—an initiative that could redefine global financial power dynamics in the coming decade.
China, world’s largest carbon polluting nation, announces new climate goal to cut emissions
At the United Nations High-Level Climate Summit, world leaders reaffirmed their commitment to addressing the climate crisis, with China leading the way by announcing its first-ever emission reduction target. President Xi Jinping pledged that China—the world’s largest carbon emitter, responsible for over 31% of global emissions—would cut emissions by 7–10% by 2035, increase wind and solar capacity sixfold, and make pollution-free vehicles mainstream.
Over 100 world leaders attended the summit, convened by UN Secretary-General António Guterres, ahead of the major climate negotiations in Brazil. Around 100 nations, representing two-thirds of global emissions, presented plans or commitments to curb fossil fuel use. The European Union followed China’s announcement with a new plan to reduce emissions by 66–72% by 2035.
Speakers from across the globe emphasized the urgency of the crisis. Leaders from Pakistan, the Marshall Islands, and Australia shared firsthand experiences of devastating floods, rising seas, and extreme weather. Climate scientists warned that global warming is accelerating, pushing the planet dangerously close to irreversible tipping points.
Guterres urged nations to act decisively: “The science demands action. The law commands it. The economics compel it. And people are calling for it.” Experts agreed that while new pledges are encouraging, stronger, faster action is essential to keep global warming below 1.5°C, the threshold for avoiding catastrophic impacts.
Macron reappoints Lecornu as French PM after days of turmoil
French President Emmanuel Macron has reappointed Sébastien Lecornu as prime minister, just four days after his resignation, amid mounting political turmoil. The decision, announced late Friday following meetings with most party leaders, came as a surprise since Lecornu had earlier declared his “mission over.” Despite uncertainty about forming a government, he faces an immediate challenge—submitting next year’s budget by Monday.
The Élysée Palace said Macron gave Lecornu “carte blanche” to form a government. In a statement on X, the 39-year-old loyal ally accepted “out of duty,” pledging to stabilize public finances and address citizens’ daily concerns. France’s debt, now nearly 114% of GDP, and a 5.4% deficit have already brought down two prime ministers within a year. Lecornu insists no one in his government can avoid the task of restoring fiscal balance.
However, Macron’s weakened position complicates matters—his party lacks a majority in parliament, and his approval rating has plunged to 14%. The far-right National Rally’s Jordan Bardella condemned the reappointment as a “bad joke,” promising a vote of no confidence.
Lecornu may seek left-wing support, with Macron signaling possible adjustments to the controversial pension reforms. Yet left leaders remain skeptical, demanding genuine political change. The French central bank warns that ongoing instability could further reduce growth, already forecast at 0.7%. If Lecornu fails to form a coalition, France risks deeper political and economic paralysis.
Norway’s government breaks silence after major supplier says it will no longer refuel US Navy ships
Norway’s government has reaffirmed its support for U.S. military operations after a private fuel supplier announced it would no longer refuel American Navy ships. Defence Minister Tore Sandvik clarified in a statement that reports suggesting a withdrawal of support were inaccurate. “This is not in line with the Norwegian government’s policy. American forces will continue to receive the supply and support they require from Norway,” he said.
The clarification followed a viral social media post by Haltbakk Bunkers, a privately owned Norwegian fuel company, which declared it would stop supplying U.S. Navy vessels in protest over former President Donald Trump’s tense exchange with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky during their White House meeting on Friday. The company’s Facebook post—later deleted—criticized the U.S., saying, “No fuel to Americans!”
Haltbakk Bunkers CEO Gunnar Gran later told Norwegian newspaper VG that the decision was largely symbolic, as the firm held no fixed contracts with the U.S. military. Norway routinely supports and refuels American naval vessels, including major ships such as the USS Carl Vinson aircraft carrier.
Meanwhile, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said Washington remains open to reengaging with Ukraine, though tensions persist following the failed minerals agreement between Trump and Zelensky.
Zimbabwe is tobacco country. But some think the future lies in blueberries
Zimbabwe, Africa’s largest tobacco producer, is now setting its sights on a healthier and more lucrative crop—blueberries. A recent trade breakthrough with China, the world’s biggest importer of the fruit, has opened the door for Zimbabwe to become Africa’s blueberry capital. Tobacco exports earned a record $1.3 billion last year, largely from China, while blueberry exports brought in $30 million. Yet, experts like horticulturist Clarence Mwale believe the “future is food, not a bad habit.”
For the first time, China has agreed to import tariff-free Zimbabwean blueberries, a major boost to the nation’s struggling economy. Farmers such as Alistair Campbell, a former cricket captain who operates a 50-hectare high-tech blueberry farm near Harare, see massive potential. Zimbabwe’s blueberries ripen earlier than competitors like Peru, giving it a seasonal advantage in global markets. Production is projected to grow by 50% to 12,000 tonnes this year, with a target of 30,000 tonnes by 2030.
The industry currently employs around 6,000 workers, mostly women, providing vital livelihoods in a country grappling with high unemployment and economic instability. Despite challenges such as currency controls and investor uncertainty, the deal with China offers “an unprecedented opportunity,” says Linda Nielsen of the Horticultural Development Council.
As Zimbabwe transitions from tobacco to blueberries, it hopes to shift its global image—from fueling addiction to promoting wellness—and to build a sustainable agricultural future rooted in innovation and opportunity.
Ceasefire comes into force as Israel’s military pulls out of parts of Gaza
The Israeli military has begun a partial withdrawal of troops from Gaza following a ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas that took effect on Friday morning. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said troops had pulled back to new “deployment lines,” though they still control about half of the territory. The truce, part of Donald Trump’s ceasefire and hostage-return plan, requires Hamas to release all Israeli hostages by Monday, while Israel will free around 250 Palestinian prisoners and 1,700 detainees from Gaza.
As part of the deal, 600 aid trucks are expected to enter Gaza daily to deliver food and medical supplies to the devastated population. Despite reports of airstrikes continuing into early Friday, thousands of Palestinians have begun walking north through the ruined streets, returning to their homes after months of bombardment. Many face widespread destruction and severe hunger, with UN experts having earlier declared famine in parts of Gaza.
US officials confirmed that 200 American troops will be deployed to help monitor the ceasefire. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he is fulfilling his promise to bring home the hostages and vowed that Hamas would eventually be disarmed. Meanwhile, Hamas rejected “foreign guardianship,” insisting Gaza’s governance is an internal Palestinian issue.
The war, triggered by Hamas’s October 2023 attacks, has killed over 67,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza’s health ministry, and left vast areas in ruins. Families of Israeli hostages welcomed the ceasefire with cautious relief, hoping it marks the beginning of peace.
The voting rights should be vested in educated persons who have political consciousness and awareness of peopleʼs problems. Age should not be a bar to voting right. If illiterate people are given voting rights there is the possibility of antisocial and incompetent representatives being elected.
Shri P R Sarkar while talking on the subject Compartmentalized Democracy
17 July 1961, Bettiah, Bihar,
Published in:
Prout in a Nutshell Volume 3 Part 14 [a compilation]
THE END
September 27, 2025
Education
Children around the World Speak out for Free Education
Over 8,000 children from 40 countries have voiced strong support for expanding the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child to guarantee free pre-primary and secondary education. Responding to a global UN survey, they called for education to be free, inclusive, and accessible to all.
“If I were the boss of all the schools,” one preschooler said, “I’d make preschool free and ensure teachers are kind and helpful.” Many children highlighted that high fees prevent equal access. A preschooler in France remarked, “It is not fair that education depends on how much money parents have.”
Delegates will meet in Geneva this September to decide whether to draft a fourth optional protocol. In a historic first, five children—from Croatia, Indonesia, Liberia, Mexico, and the UK—will join the negotiations.
Children stressed that the treaty must secure free, universal education, describing it as essential for dignity, democracy, and a fair future.
Scientists Find Brain Circuit That Locks Alcohol Users in Addiction Cycle
Why do people with alcohol use disorder relapse even after suffering harm? New research from Scripps Research suggests that addiction is not just about chasing pleasure but also about escaping the stress of withdrawal.
In a study published in Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science, researchers examined rats that had experienced repeated withdrawal and relapse. Using whole-brain imaging, they found that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT)—a region linked to stress and anxiety—became highly active when the animals associated alcohol with relief from withdrawal symptoms. This negative reinforcement drove the rats to seek alcohol persistently, even when access required effort or punishment.
Senior author Friedbert Weiss explained, “People drink not only for reward but also to get rid of powerful negative states, like anxiety during withdrawal. That makes relapse so hard to break.” Co-senior author Hermina Nedelescu added that the PVT circuits “lit up in every rat with withdrawal-related learning,” showing how the brain locks in the cycle of addiction.
The findings may extend beyond alcohol, shedding light on disorders fueled by avoidance of stress, such as anxiety and trauma-related conditions. Researchers hope future work targeting PVT-related neurochemicals could inspire new treatments for substance use disorders.
Fifty Years Later, Stephen Hawking’s 1971 Black Hole Theory Finally Confirmed by a Rare and Powerful Cosmic Collision
More than 50 years after Stephen Hawking proposed his black hole area theorem, physicists have confirmed it with the most precise observation yet of a black hole merger. The findings, published in Physical Review Letters by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration with researchers from Caltech, MIT and Columbia University, validate a cornerstone of black hole thermodynamics.On January 14, 2025, LIGO detected the gravitational wave signal GW250114 from two black holes, each about 30 times the mass of the Sun, colliding 1.3 billion light-years away. The signal was exceptionally clear—four times sharper than LIGO’s first detection in 2015—allowing unprecedented measurements. The two black holes merged into one of 62 solar masses, with about three solar masses converted into gravitational energy.
Critically, the surface area of the final black hole’s event horizon was calculated to be larger than the combined area of the two originals, confirming Hawking’s theorem that black hole surface area can never shrink.
The clarity of the event also enabled scientists to analyze the “ringdown” phase—vibrations as the new black hole settled. These oscillations matched predictions from Einstein’s equations, further confirming the Kerr metric for spinning black holes.
The result, accurate to 99.999%, marks the strongest proof yet that black holes behave like thermodynamic objects, linking gravity, entropy and the flow of information.
Trump slaps new US tariffs on drugs, trucks and furniture
U.S. President Donald Trump on Thursday announced a new round of sweeping import tariffs, sparking renewed uncertainty in global trade. The measures include a 100% duty on branded drugs, a 25% levy on heavy-duty trucks, and additional tariffs on imported furniture, all set to take effect October 1. Trump said the move was intended to protect American manufacturing and national security, but businesses and investors expressed concern over its wider economic impact.
The announcement follows earlier tariffs of up to 50% on a range of goods and comes after a relatively calm summer marked by trade deals with Japan, the EU, and Britain. Analysts warn the new duties could reignite the turbulence seen earlier in the year, when frequent tariff changes rattled markets. While Asian stocks dropped, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector, U.S. investors showed muted reactions. Economists at BMO noted that until the American economy displays deeper strain, markets are likely to “keep calm and carry on.”
The pharmaceutical industry, already bracing for higher tariffs, is expected to be hit hardest. Trump clarified the 100% drug tariff would apply only to companies without U.S.-based manufacturing facilities. Many firms, including Roche, have announced new U.S. investments to minimize exposure. Ireland, a key exporter of pharmaceuticals, has accelerated shipments to the U.S. in anticipation of higher duties.
Furniture imports from China and Vietnam are also in the crosshairs, with tariffs as high as 50% on certain products. Industry groups in Vietnam called the decision “unfair,” noting U.S. furniture employment has halved since 2000.
The truck sector faces similar uncertainty. While Trump argued higher tariffs would benefit domestic producers such as Peterbilt and Freightliner, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce warned they could raise transportation costs and ultimately hurt consumers.
All Amazon Fresh grocery shops set to close – full list of London stores
Amazon has announced plans to shut all 19 of its Amazon Fresh grocery stores in the UK, putting around 250 jobs at risk. The U.S. retail giant confirmed it has entered a consultation process with staff, though it intends to offer many employees roles in other parts of the business.
The closures mark a strategic shift in Amazon’s UK grocery operations, with the company prioritising its online services and partnerships with Morrisons, Iceland, Co-op and Gopuff. However, Amazon said it remains “deeply invested” in the UK market. Five Fresh stores are proposed to be converted into Whole Foods Market outlets, expanding the organic-focused chain to 12 locations by the end of next year.
Amazon Fresh first launched in 2021, with its debut store in Ealing pioneering a till-free shopping experience powered by cameras and sensors. Despite early momentum, demand slowed after the pandemic, curbing the company’s expansion ambitions.
In addition to the store changes, Amazon plans to broaden grocery options online. From 2026, fresh produce including meat, seafood and dairy will be available directly through Amazon.co.uk. The company also aims to double the number of Prime members with access to at least three grocery choices through its expanding partner network.
Saudi Arabia bans visas for 14 countries including India
Saudi Arabia has temporarily suspended the issuance of certain visas for citizens of 14 countries, including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, in a move aimed at managing overcrowding during the annual Hajj pilgrimage. The ban, however, does not apply to pilgrims holding valid Hajj visas, ensuring those registered for the pilgrimage can still travel to Mecca and Medina as planned.
The suspension, effective from April 13 until mid-June 2025, halts the granting of Umrah, business, and family visit visas. According to reports, the measure is intended to prevent individuals from entering the Kingdom under alternative visa categories and performing Hajj without official registration. Saudi officials noted that some visitors had overstayed or misused visas to participate in the pilgrimage, contributing to safety concerns.
The 14 affected countries reportedly include India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iraq, Nigeria, Jordan, Algeria, Sudan, Ethiopia, Tunisia, and Yemen, with one more yet to be confirmed. The move follows the 2024 Hajj tragedy, where overcrowding and extreme heat contributed to over 1,000 deaths, many among unregistered pilgrims.
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has directed stricter visa enforcement to ensure the upcoming Hajj is conducted safely and smoothly. The Saudi foreign ministry has yet to issue an official statement.
Pray for all animals, birds’: India’s only active volcano erupts in the Andamans, video of lava spewing from crater emerges
Barren Island, South Asia’s only active volcano, has witnessed two minor eruptions within a span of just over a week, according to reports citing official sources. The first occurred on September 13, followed by another on September 20, only two days after a 4.2-magnitude earthquake struck the Andaman Sea.
Video footage shared on social media captured the recent activity, showing lava spewing from the crater along with thick plumes of smoke. The uninhabited island lies about 140 km northeast of Port Blair in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, positioned at the meeting point of the Indian and Burmese tectonic plates.
The clips have sparked wide reactions online, with users describing the eruption as both a reminder of Earth’s volatile nature and a symbol of natural expansion. Others expressed concern for the safety of local wildlife.
Historical records show volcanic activity on Barren Island was first documented in 1787. Since then, the volcano has erupted intermittently, with significant activity recorded in 1991, 2005, 2017, and 2022.
Though the latest eruptions were relatively small, officials are closely monitoring the site. The 8-square-kilometer island, rising 354 metres above sea level, is marked by volcanic cones, ash deposits, and sparse vegetation.
Global farmers’ alliance warns against seed treaty reforms that threaten farmers’ rights
A global coalition of farmer groups and civil society organisations has raised serious concerns over proposed reforms to the United Nations’ International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, widely known as the Plant or Seed Treaty.
On September 12, 2025, Bharat Beej Swaraj Manch, a national farmers’ coalition in India, along with over 280 organisations and hundreds of individuals worldwide, sent a joint letter to FAO Director-General Qu Dongyu and Treaty Secretary Kent Nnadozie. They warned that the draft reform package threatens farmers’ rights, weakens national sovereignty, and tilts the system in favour of multinational seed corporations.
The appeal, signed by groups across Asia, Africa, Latin America, Europe and Oceania, stressed that the Treaty’s Multilateral System (MLS) has already failed to ensure fair benefit sharing. While more than seven million seed samples have been accessed by 28,000 users, farmers and provider nations have received little in return. Instead, corporations have secured intellectual property over new varieties derived from traditional seeds, often without detection.
Signatories such as the African Centre for Biodiversity (South Africa), Asociación Nacional de Productores Ecológicos del Perú, Annadana Soil & Seed Savers Network (India) and Third World Network (Malaysia) warned that expanding the MLS to cover all crops, without safeguards, would expose national seed collections to exploitation. They also criticised the lack of transparency and the dominance of corporate lobbying in shaping reforms.
The groups demanded recognition of farmers’ rights to save, exchange and sell seeds, protection against biopiracy, stronger safeguards on genetic data, and greater public accountability before reforms are adopted at the Treaty’s 11th Governing Body session in Lima this November.
Opinion | The Real Reason World Is Suddenly Rushing To Recognise Palestine
The question of Palestinian statehood has resurfaced with fresh urgency as a growing number of countries recognise Palestine. The latest wave began with the United Kingdom, followed by Canada, Australia, Portugal and France. Smaller European nations such as Malta, Luxembourg and San Marino joined in, alongside Belgium and Andorra, though the latter tied recognition to Hamas hostages being freed. Today, 153 of the UN’s 193 member states—around 80%—officially recognise Palestine. India had extended recognition as far back as 1988, becoming one of the earliest nations to support Palestinian independence.
Israel, however, has reacted with anger. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu insists there will never be a Palestinian state, calling recognition “a reward for terrorism.” His government continues expanding settlements in the West Bank, defying international law. US President Donald Trump echoed this stance at the UN, denouncing recognition as dangerous and counterproductive.
Supporters of recognition argue otherwise. Leaders like Britain’s Keir Starmer and France’s Emmanuel Macron claim it is a step to preserve the two-state solution and a tool to pressure Israel toward negotiations. Countries with large Muslim populations have faced domestic pressure, but others, such as Norway and Spain, have coupled recognition with concrete measures like arms embargoes and sanctions on Israeli officials.
For Palestinians, the move offers hope, though largely symbolic—UN membership still requires Security Council approval, which the US is likely to block. Meanwhile, the war in Gaza continues with devastating human costs: tens of thousands dead, millions displaced, and widespread destruction.
Ultimately, recognition alone cannot deliver peace. It must be matched by action—halting the war, securing hostages’ release, addressing Israeli settlement expansion, and reviving negotiations. Without this, Palestinian statehood will remain elusive, even as the symbolic tide of recognition grows stronger worldwide.
Animate horses have particular qualities. Again, there are qualitative differences amongst different species of horses. The all-round development of the world is based on the states, structures, changes and modifications of all these qualitative differences. So no all-round progress is possible while ignoring any entity, irrespective of its molecular, atomic or electronic base. That is why any thought along sectarian lines is fundamentally incorrect. And this is the reason why I am compelled to say that the path of Neo Humanism is the only path of welfare – the only path of progress. And this is a path that is predetermined by the Supreme Shelter (prapattinivaddha) – there is no other second path.
Shrii P R Sarkar
Káliká to Káliuṋga (Discourse 24)
2 March 1986, Madhumálaiṋca, Kolkata
Published in: Shabda Cayaniká Part 4
THE END
September 20, 2025
Gender discrimination
Taliban ban books written by women from Afghan universities
The Taliban government in Afghanistan has introduced sweeping restrictions on higher education, banning hundreds of books authored by women and outlawing the teaching of subjects related to human rights, sexual harassment, and gender studies. According to new directives issued in late August, 679 books were deemed problematic, including 140 written by women. Six of the 18 newly banned subjects directly address women’s roles in society, such as Gender and Development and Women’s Sociology.
Taliban officials claimed the materials conflicted with Sharia principles and government policy. The move is part of a broader clampdown since the group’s return to power four years ago, which has already seen women excluded from education beyond the sixth grade and professional courses like midwifery shut down. Critics argue these measures reflect the Taliban’s systematic erasure of women from public life.
Former deputy justice minister and author Zakia Adeli said the decision was unsurprising, given the Taliban’s “misogynistic mindset,” which denies women both learning opportunities and the ability to contribute knowledge.
The ban also targets Iranian publications, with more than 300 titles authored or published in Iran removed, a step officials described as an effort to block “Iranian influence.” This reflects broader tensions between Afghanistan and Iran, which have clashed over water rights and refugee issues.
Afghan academics warn the restrictions will isolate universities from global scholarship. A Kabul University professor noted that Iranian works often served as Afghanistan’s academic bridge to the world. Their removal, he cautioned, leaves “a substantial void in higher education.”
Dubai Miracle Garden announces reopening date for new season
Dubai Miracle Garden will once again open its gates to a world of wonder on September 29, unveiling Season 14 with enchanting new themes and delightful surprises waiting to be discovered!
“Season after season, Dubai Miracle Garden has become a place where families, friends, and travelers from around the world gather to share moments of beauty and connection. Season 14 continues that journey with surprises designed to touch every soul,” said Eng. Mohammed Zaher Hammadih, the Miracle Garden Group CEO.
Opening hours are 9am to 11pm on weekdays and 9am to 12am on weekends. Tickets can be purchased both online and at the gate, with special discounts available for UAE residents.
The Dubai Miracle Garden is a flower garden located in the district of Dubailand, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The garden was launched on Valentine’s Day in 2013. It occupies over 72,000 square metres (780,000 sq ft), making it the world’s largest flower garden, featuring over 50 million flowers and 250 million plants.
The garden has currently achieved three Guinness World Records. In 2013, it was declared as the world’s largest vertical garden. Currently an Airbus A380 flower structure in the garden spread over more than 500,000 fresh flowers and live plants is listed by Guinness World Records as the biggest flower structure in the world. The 18 metres (59 ft) topiary of Mickey Mouse, which weighs almost 35 tonnes, is the tallest topiary supported sculpture in the world. The garden has another record that is, ‘The longest flower wall in the world’ which is almost one kilometre long and is adorned with almost 22 million flowers.
“We Found 670 Cubic Miles of Freshwater”: Scientists Discover Massive Drinking Water Reserve Hidden Beneath Atlantic Ocean
Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery: a massive low-salinity aquifer lies hidden beneath the Atlantic Ocean, stretching from Massachusetts to New Jersey. Containing at least 670 cubic miles of water, this vast reservoir has the potential to supply a city the size of Paris for thousands of years. In an era of mounting freshwater scarcity, the find represents a remarkable step toward addressing one of humanity’s most pressing challenges.
Hints of this hidden resource first appeared in the 1970s, when oil companies drilling off the U.S. coast detected fresh water in sediment cores. At the time, it was dismissed as a minor anomaly. Decades later, advances in technology provided the tools to investigate further. Researchers from Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution employed electromagnetic imaging to scan beneath the ocean floor. By measuring electrical conductivity—which differs between saltwater and freshwater—they confirmed the presence of a continuous aquifer spanning nearly 217 miles.
The implications are profound. With global populations rising and traditional freshwater sources under stress, underwater reservoirs could become critical for future water management. Yet challenges remain. Extracting water from beneath the seabed poses environmental risks, requires costly infrastructure, and raises geopolitical questions about ownership and access.
Even so, the discovery underscores how technological innovation can reveal hidden resources with global significance. If harnessed responsibly, this aquifer could help secure sustainable drinking water supplies for millions, while prompting new discussions on how to balance human needs with environmental protection.
US sides with India, blocks Pak-China bid to tag Balochistan Liberation Army a terror outfit
Pakistan and China jointly submitted a proposal to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) seeking to designate the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and its suicide wing, the Majeed Brigade, as terrorist organizations. However, the move was blocked by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, which placed a “technical hold” on the listing. According to reports, the three countries argued there was insufficient evidence linking the groups to Al Qaeda or ISIL, a requirement under the UN 1267 sanctions regime.
At a UNSC meeting on Afghanistan, Pakistan’s Permanent Representative, Ambassador Asim Iftikhar Ahmed, defended the proposal, stressing that terrorist outfits including ISIL-K, Al Qaeda, Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan, the East Turkistan Islamic Movement, and the BLA operate from sanctuaries in Afghanistan. He claimed more than 60 camps enable cross-border attacks and urged the Council to act swiftly on the joint submission. Ahmed also called on the Afghan Taliban authorities to fulfil their counter-terrorism obligations, adding that “terrorism emanating from Afghanistan remains the gravest threat to Pakistan’s national security.”
The BLA has long been a focus of international scrutiny. Washington designated it a Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) group in 2019, later extending the label to the Majeed Brigade. The U.S. State Department notes that the BLA has claimed responsibility for several high-profile attacks, including the 2024 suicide bombings near Karachi airport and Gwadar Port Authority, as well as the 2025 hijacking of the Jaffar Express train, which killed 31 people.
Pakistan currently serves as a non-permanent UNSC member for the 2025–26 term, while China remains a permanent member.
Scientists Use Electricity To “Reprogram” the Immune System for Faster Healing
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin have discovered that applying electrical stimulation to macrophages—immune cells central to healing—can reprogram them to reduce inflammation and accelerate tissue repair. The breakthrough, published in Cell Reports Physical Science, highlights a promising new direction for therapies targeting chronic disease and injury.
Macrophages, a type of white blood cell, play dual roles in health. They fight infection, clear damaged cells, and coordinate immune responses, but when overactive, they drive harmful inflammation that worsens tissue damage. Finding ways to control this balance has long been a major focus in immunology.
In the new study, researchers isolated macrophages from healthy donor blood at St James’s Hospital and placed them in a custom bioreactor. Exposed to electrical currents, the cells shifted into an anti-inflammatory state. The team observed reduced activity of pro-inflammatory signals, greater expression of genes linked to blood vessel growth, and enhanced recruitment of stem cells to wounds—all factors that promote faster and more effective healing.
Lead author Dr. Sinead O’Rourke explained that while scientists have explored strategies to “reprogram” macrophages, little was known about how they respond to electrical stimulation. This study, the first to demonstrate such effects in human cells, provides evidence that safe, non-invasive techniques could be used to regulate immune function.
Professors Aisling Dunne and Michael Monaghan, who led the interdisciplinary project, emphasized that future research will focus on refining stimulation regimes and delivery methods. If successful, this approach could transform treatments for a wide range of inflammatory diseases and injuries.
NASA says solar activity is increasing after decades-long lull: “The sun is slowly waking up”
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin have discovered that applying electrical stimulation to macrophages—immune cells central to healing—can reprogram them to reduce inflammation and accelerate tissue repair. The breakthrough, published in Cell Reports Physical Science, highlights a promising new direction for therapies targeting chronic disease and injury.
Macrophages, a type of white blood cell, play dual roles in health. They fight infection, clear damaged cells, and coordinate immune responses, but when overactive, they drive harmful inflammation that worsens tissue damage. Finding ways to control this balance has long been a major focus in immunology.
In the new study, researchers isolated macrophages from healthy donor blood at St James’s Hospital and placed them in a custom bioreactor. Exposed to electrical currents, the cells shifted into an anti-inflammatory state. The team observed reduced activity of pro-inflammatory signals, greater expression of genes linked to blood vessel growth, and enhanced recruitment of stem cells to wounds—all factors that promote faster and more effective healing.
Lead author Dr. Sinead O’Rourke explained that while scientists have explored strategies to “reprogram” macrophages, little was known about how they respond to electrical stimulation. This study, the first to demonstrate such effects in human cells, provides evidence that safe, non-invasive techniques could be used to regulate immune function.
Professors Aisling Dunne and Michael Monaghan, who led the interdisciplinary project, emphasized that future research will focus on refining stimulation regimes and delivery methods. If successful, this approach could transform treatments for a wide range of inflammatory diseases and injuries.
With fertilizer prices remaining high while commodity markets stay uncertain, farmers face a difficult outlook for the 2026 season. To help navigate these challenges, agronomists, extension specialists, and industry experts have outlined strategies to reduce costs, manage resources, and maintain soil fertility without compromising long-term productivity.
A central message is to make deliberate, data-driven decisions. Relying on soil test results can help identify fields where fertilizer rates can be safely reduced and where nutrients must be maintained. Prioritizing applications in low-testing zones while scaling back in higher zones can stretch resources more effectively. The “four Rs”—right product, right rate, right time, and right placement—remain essential to maximize efficiency.
Experts also stress the importance of budgeting. Setting fertilizer investment as a percentage of anticipated crop revenue can provide a framework, while cutting more deeply in some fields and holding steady in others may be more effective than across-the-board reductions. Farmers are also encouraged to evaluate alternative practices, such as banding fertilizer, using manure or organic amendments, or exploring in-season applications supported by soil nitrate testing or canopy sensing tools.
Maintaining soil pH through lime applications, considering long-term impacts of fertility cuts, and reassessing high-cost or low-return products are additional strategies. At the same time, financing opportunities and supplier programs could offer cost relief.
Ultimately, the guidance emphasizes careful planning, consultation with advisers, and readiness to adapt. By combining short-term cost control with long-term soil health strategies, farmers can navigate the current squeeze while preparing for future recovery.
The Trump family crypto empire looks to Asia: Eric Trump talks Bitcoin in Hong Kong
At the Bitcoin Asia 2025 conference in Hong Kong, Eric Trump declared his confidence that Bitcoin will eventually reach a \$1 million valuation, calling it inevitable within the next few years. He emphasized his deep involvement in the cryptocurrency space, noting that he now spends 90% of his time with the crypto community.
During his remarks, Trump praised Simon Gerovich, CEO of Japanese Bitcoin treasury firm Metaplanet, where Eric joined the board of advisors earlier this year. His comments come as Bitcoin prices have surged 86% over the past year, boosted by investor optimism surrounding President Donald Trump’s administration and its crypto-friendly policies. Still, market watchers caution that the industry remains volatile, with a history of scandals and bankruptcies.
Eric and his brother Donald Trump Jr. have become central figures in the Trump family’s expanding crypto ventures. Together, they co-founded American Bitcoin, a mining operation, and help oversee World Liberty Financial, a Trump-backed financial project. Their current focus is Asia, with Eric set to visit Japan for a Metaplanet shareholder meeting and both brothers scheduled to appear at major crypto conferences in South Korea and Singapore later this month.
President Trump, once skeptical, has since embraced the digital asset industry, even calling himself the first “crypto president.” His administration has enacted policies favorable to the sector and appointed key advocates to senior positions. While supporters celebrate this alignment, critics warn of conflicts of interest and potential corruption, making the Trump family’s growing crypto influence a subject of global scrutiny.
Britain spy chief says he sees no evidence Putin wants to negotiate peace in Ukraine
Britain’s top spy chief, Sir Richard Moore, has said there is “absolutely no evidence” that Russian President Vladimir Putin has any intention of pursuing peace in Ukraine. Delivering his final speech as head of MI6 at the British consulate in Istanbul, Moore accused Putin of “stringing us along” and seeking to impose his will through force.
“Putin has bitten off more than he can chew,” Moore said. “He believed victory would be swift, but he – like many others – underestimated the resilience of the Ukrainians.” Moore, who steps down at the end of September after five years as MI6 chief, oversaw the agency during Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, a conflict that has killed tens of thousands and continues to devastate eastern Ukraine.
The MI6 chief noted that the war has backfired on Moscow, strengthening Ukraine’s national identity and accelerating its alignment with the West, while also prompting Sweden and Finland to join NATO. He accused Putin of lying to the world, his people, and possibly even himself, as he sacrifices Russia’s future for personal legacy and a distorted historical vision.
Moore stressed that “greater powers than Russia have failed to subjugate weaker nations than Ukraine,” and said the war is hastening Russia’s decline. Analysts suggest Putin is betting on outlasting Western political resolve, hoping a war of attrition will grind down Ukraine. In response, Kyiv is working urgently to deepen international defense ties and attract major investment into its domestic weapons industry.
Efforts to punish Israel over Gaza grow in sports and cultural arenas
The war in Gaza has sparked growing backlash against Israel in global sports and cultural arenas, with protests and calls for boycotts echoing across Europe. In Spain, demonstrators disrupted the prestigious Vuelta cycling race over the participation of an Israeli team, while in Poland, fans booed Israel’s national anthem before a basketball game. Several European broadcasters, including Spain’s, are also threatening to boycott next year’s Eurovision Song Contest if Israel competes.
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez fueled momentum by supporting protesters and urging Israel’s suspension from international sports until the “barbarity” in Gaza ends. His comments drew sharp condemnation from Israel’s Foreign Minister Gideon Saar, who labeled Sánchez an “antisemite and a liar.”
Unlike Russia, which was swiftly banned from most international competitions after invading Ukraine in 2022, Israel has not faced exclusion from bodies like FIFA or the IOC. Officials argue the legal grounds for such a move have not been met. Still, some sports federations, including in Ireland and Italy, have expressed frustration at being forced to play Israeli teams, warning of public backlash. Norway, set to host Israel in a World Cup qualifier, pledged to donate ticket proceeds to humanitarian aid in Gaza.
Meanwhile, fan protests continue. At a EuroBasket match in Poland, Israel’s anthem was drowned out by boos, while banners condemning Gaza violence have appeared at high-profile soccer games. Though no international consensus has formed, analysts suggest Spain’s push could mark a turning point, raising pressure on global sports to reconsider Israel’s participation.
We should remember that morality, spirituality and humanity, and a happy blending of occidental extroversial science and oriental introversial philosophy is the very foundation of our system of education. Unlike Rudyard Kipling who wrongly observed that “East is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet,” Ananda Marga believes in one universal society with one ideology and one cosmic goal.
Shrii P R Sarkar
1969, Ranchi
Basic Differences in Attitude between East and West
Published in: Discourses on Neohumanist Education
THE END
September 13, 2025
Politics
Former Chief Justice Sushila Karki is Nepal’s first woman Prime Minister
With Ms. Karki backing the Gen Z demand, Nepal’s President agrees to dissolve Parliament after extended consultations; interim PM must now appoint Cabinet, oversee elections for next democratic government
Nepal President Ram Chandra Poudel on Friday, September 12, 2025, appointed former Chief Justice Sushila Karki as the country’s interim Prime Minister and dissolved Parliament, announcing fresh elections for March 5, 2026. Karki, 73, Nepal’s first woman Chief Justice, now becomes its first woman Prime Minister.
The decision followed days of turmoil driven by Gen Z protesters who ousted former Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli on September 9 after violent demonstrations left at least 19 dead. Protesters insisted on dissolving Parliament, arguing that old political parties would otherwise retain power. President Poudel initially hesitated, consulting legal experts and political leaders, but finally yielded to the demand.
Karki will head an interim Cabinet tasked with restoring order, pursuing accountability for recent violence, and overseeing elections within six months. Widely respected for her integrity and anti-corruption stance, she is seen as a credible figure to guide the transition.
Gen Z’s movement has shaken Nepal’s political landscape, marked by anger at entrenched elites, corruption, and excessive state violence. Their campaign escalated into a symbolic takeover of state institutions, including attacks on Parliament and Singha Durbar, forcing Oli’s resignation.
Experts argue Karki’s appointment, though unconventional, is legally defensible given the crisis. Lok Raj Baral, former ambassador to India, noted her immediate challenges include maintaining law and order and boosting public confidence.
India’s Ministry of External Affairs welcomed the interim government, expressing hope it will foster peace and stability. For now, Karki carries the heavy responsibility of steering Nepal toward democratic renewal.
Pro-Khalistan Bill passed in California; faces opposition from Indian-American groups
California’s legislature has passed Senate Bill 509 (SB509), a controversial measure mandating law enforcement training on “transnational repression.” The bill, introduced by Senator Anna Caballero (D-Merced), requires officers to learn how to identify acts of harassment, threats, or intimidation carried out in the US on behalf of foreign governments against diaspora communities.
Supporters argue the measure is necessary to protect vulnerable groups from foreign interference. “All Californians deserve to feel safe in their homes, workplaces, and neighbourhoods,” Caballero said, adding that training would help police recognise patterns of such activity.
However, the bill has sparked strong opposition, particularly from Hindu and Indian-American organisations including the Hindu American Foundation (HAF), the Coalition of Hindus of North America (CoHNA), and HinduPACT. Critics say the legislation unfairly singles out Indian and Hindu communities, particularly those speaking out against the Khalistan movement. They fear peaceful advocacy or cultural activities could be misclassified as repression. Previous attempts to amend the bill to address civil liberties concerns were rejected.
The debate comes amid a troubling rise in attacks on Hindu temples across the US. In September, a temple in Greenwood, Indiana, was vandalised with anti-India graffiti allegedly by pro-Khalistan extremists. Earlier this year, a Southern California temple was defaced with similar slogans. India’s Ministry of External Affairs condemned the attacks and urged US authorities to act decisively.
With SB509 awaiting the Governor’s decision, advocacy groups are calling for a veto, stressing the need to balance security with constitutional freedoms.
UN overwhelmingly endorses two-state solution declaration that condemns Hamas
The United Nations General Assembly on Friday overwhelmingly approved a declaration calling for “tangible, timebound, and irreversible steps” toward a two-state solution between Israel and the Palestinians. The resolution, which stems from a July U.N. conference hosted by Saudi Arabia and France, was backed by 142 countries, with 10 opposed and 12 abstentions. The United States and Israel boycotted the earlier conference and rejected the resolution.
The declaration condemns the October 7, 2023 Hamas attacks on Israel, which killed 1,200 people and saw over 250 taken hostage. It also denounces Israel’s military response in Gaza, citing attacks on civilians, destruction of infrastructure, and the blockade that has created a “devastating humanitarian catastrophe.” The text calls for an immediate end to the war and supports deploying a temporary U.N.-mandated stabilization mission.
French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot welcomed the resolution, noting it was the first time the U.N. explicitly condemned Hamas, calling for its disarmament and surrender. The measure received strong backing from Gulf Arab states. Those voting against included Israel, the U.S., and a handful of others such as Argentina, Hungary, and Paraguay.
The U.S. criticized the move as a “misguided publicity stunt,” with diplomat Morgan Ortagus warning it would embolden Hamas and undermine peace efforts. Israel’s ambassador Danny Danon dismissed the vote as “theater,” arguing it benefited terrorists rather than advancing peace.
The resolution sets the stage for a September 22 meeting, where several nations are expected to formally recognize a Palestinian state.
France’s economy faces a key risk beyond its political turmoil
France faces mounting economic and political risks as Prime Minister François Bayrou’s government prepares for a critical vote of confidence on September 8, 2025. It would be the third French government to collapse in just over a year, raising fears of prolonged instability. At the heart of the showdown is Bayrou’s €44 billion budget savings plan, aimed at reducing the deficit from 5.4% to 4.6% of GDP. Opposition parties, which hold a majority in parliament, have vowed to vote him out.
France’s public finances are under strain, with debt projected at 113% of GDP by the end of 2024—up from 60% in the early 2000s—and exceeding €3.3 trillion. Borrowing costs are rising, with sovereign bond yields climbing and credit rating downgrades looming. While the economy has shown resilience, posting 0.3% growth in the second quarter and a revival in manufacturing, year-on-year GDP growth remains under 1%. Analysts warn that persistent political deadlock could undermine fragile gains.
Business leaders, including Medef president Patrick Martin, caution that uncertainty has immediate consequences: frozen investments, bankruptcies, and job losses. Sectors such as construction, chemicals, and hospitality are already struggling. Further tax hikes, they argue, would stifle growth needed to rein in debt.
Still, experts like Jérémie Peloso of BCA Research and ECB President Christine Lagarde say France is not at risk of IMF supervision. Strong institutions should ensure continuity, though fiscal reforms may stall until after the 2027 presidential election. Without decisive action, France’s debt could exceed 120% of GDP by then.
US President to pressure G7 to impose higher tariffs on India, China: Report
The U.S. Treasury on Friday urged Group of Seven (G7) and European Union allies to impose “meaningful tariffs” on Chinese and Indian goods in a bid to force both nations to curb purchases of Russian oil. The appeal came during an emergency G7 finance ministers’ call convened to discuss additional measures to pressure Moscow into ending its war in Ukraine.
The meeting, chaired by Canadian Finance Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne, focused on accelerating efforts to channel frozen Russian assets toward Ukraine’s defense. Ministers also discussed broader sanctions and trade restrictions, including tariffs targeting countries seen as “enabling” Russia’s war effort.
U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent pressed allies to align with Washington’s approach, stressing that Russian oil revenues must be cut off at the source. “Only with a unified effort … will we be able to apply sufficient economic pressure to end the senseless killing,” Bessent and U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said in a joint statement.
The Biden administration—under President Donald Trump—has already slapped an additional 25% tariff on Indian imports, raising total punitive duties to 50% and straining U.S.-India trade ties. However, Washington has so far avoided new tariffs on China due to a fragile trade truce. Bessent is scheduled to meet Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng in Madrid to discuss trade disputes, TikTok divestment demands, and financial regulations.
Trump, in a Fox News interview, expressed growing impatience with Russian President Vladimir Putin, warning that further sanctions on banks and oil may be necessary, provided European allies participate.
More children are obese than underweight, says Unicef
For the first time, more children worldwide are obese than underweight, according to a major Unicef study. The report estimates that one in 10 children and adolescents aged 5–19—about 188 million—are now obese, while underweight rates in the same age group have fallen to 9.2%. Overall, one in five young people is overweight, affecting around 391 million globally.
Researchers attribute the trend to a shift from traditional diets to ultra-processed foods that are cheap, calorie-dense, and packed with sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats. Unicef warns that obesity, once considered a problem mainly in wealthy countries, is now rising rapidly in low- and middle-income nations too, creating a “double burden” of malnutrition where stunting and obesity coexist.
Childhood obesity raises long-term risks of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. Unicef’s executive director Catherine Russell called it a “growing concern” that demands urgent action. Pacific Island states report the world’s highest obesity rates among youth, but high-income countries also struggle—27% of Chilean children, 21% in the U.S., and 21% in the UAE are obese.
Unicef urges governments to strengthen food policies, protect children’s diets from industry influence, and make nutritious food more affordable. Suggested measures include restricting ultra-processed foods in schools, clearer labelling, taxes on unhealthy products, and reformulation of processed foods.
Without intervention, the global economic toll of obesity could exceed US$4 trillion annually by 2035. Russell stressed that “nutritious and affordable food must be available to every child” to safeguard health and development.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c7v1e0jr9n8o
Technology
ChatGPT to add parental controls for teen users within the next month
OpenAI announced on Tuesday that parents will soon gain new oversight tools for their teenagers’ use of ChatGPT, including account linking, age-appropriate rules, and alerts when the system detects signs of “acute distress.” The update follows heightened scrutiny of the AI company, which is facing its first wrongful death lawsuit after parents in California claimed ChatGPT played a role in their 16-year-old son Adam Raine’s suicide.
In the coming month, parents will be able to link their accounts with their children’s, manage features like memory and chat history, and set boundaries for how ChatGPT responds. Crucially, they will also receive notifications if the AI detects crisis-related behavior—a first step toward alerting adults when a teen’s conversations signal serious risk.
OpenAI acknowledged that existing safeguards have sometimes broken down in longer conversations, where the bot’s responses may drift from safety protocols. The company said it is reinforcing these protections, introducing new reasoning models designed to better interpret context, and expanding crisis intervention strategies. These updates build on guardrails launched alongside GPT-5 in August and the formation of an “Expert Council on Well-Being,” which includes specialists in mental health, youth development, and human-computer interaction.
Despite the measures, critics remain unconvinced. Jay Edelson, attorney for the Raine family, accused OpenAI of making “vague promises” instead of taking urgent action. CEO Sam Altman has also admitted unease about users placing deep trust in AI for personal decisions, noting that billions may soon rely on such systems in emotionally significant ways.
A Pennsylvania baby is the first to successfully receive personalized gene therapy
Doctors have successfully used the CRISPR gene-editing tool to treat an infant born with a rare, life-threatening genetic disorder, offering new hope for millions affected by similar conditions.
The patient, KJ Muldoon of Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania, was diagnosed shortly after birth with severe CPS1 deficiency, a condition estimated to affect one in a million babies. The disease prevents the body from producing an enzyme essential for removing ammonia from the blood. Without treatment, toxic ammonia builds up, often proving fatal. Nearly half of affected infants die early, and the only current option is a risky liver transplant.
In a groundbreaking approach, researchers created a personalized gene-editing therapy designed to correct the specific mutation in KJ’s DNA. According to a study published Thursday in the New England Journal of Medicine, the treatment has allowed him to grow and thrive, making him one of the first children to benefit from such a tailored genetic intervention.
“This is the first step toward using gene editing therapies to treat a wide variety of rare genetic disorders for which there are currently no effective treatments,” said Dr. Kiran Musunuru, a University of Pennsylvania gene-editing expert and study co-author.
KJ’s parents, Kyle and Nicole Muldoon, weighed the difficult choice between a transplant and the experimental therapy. “We prayed, we talked to people, we gathered information, and we eventually decided this was the way we were going to go,” Kyle said.
While such treatments may take years to become widely available, scientists believe this case marks a pivotal moment in genetic medicine.
Fertilizer management could reduce ammonia pollution from 3 staple crops: Study
Better management of nitrogen fertilizers could cut harmful air pollution from farming rice, wheat, and corn by up to 38%, according to a study published in Nature. The research, led by Yi Zheng of China’s Southern University of Science and Technology, used machine learning to produce the most detailed global map yet of ammonia emissions from these three staple crops.
Ammonia, a major pollutant that contributes to smog, is linked to asthma, cardiovascular disease, and lung cancer. Fertilizers boost crop yields but also release ammonia into the atmosphere, with agriculture responsible for up to 60% of human-caused emissions. Until now, efforts to reduce pollution have been hampered by limited, low-resolution data.
The team compiled 2,775 field samples worldwide, factoring in soil, climate, irrigation, and fertilizer practices. A machine learning model trained on this data predicted ammonia emissions with 80% accuracy at a 10-kilometer scale. In 2018, rice, wheat, and corn fields emitted an estimated 4.3 billion kilograms of ammonia—lower than previous calculations due to the model’s improved accounting for fertilizer management.
The study found that tailored practices could dramatically reduce emissions. Enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, which release nutrients slowly, and deep-soil application techniques proved most effective. Globally, 83% of rice land, 61% of wheat fields, and 50% of corn cropland could benefit from these approaches.
As nitrogen fertilizer use is projected to rise nearly 50% by 2050, emissions will likely climb—unless farming methods change. Climate change could increase ammonia pollution by 15.8% by 2100, but the researchers say improved fertilizer management could fully offset this rise without reducing yields.
Experts praised the work as a breakthrough, demonstrating how artificial intelligence can untangle complex environmental interactions and provide policymakers with actionable strategies for cleaner air and sustainable food production.
UK blocks Israeli government from major London arms expo
The UK government confirmed Friday that Israeli government representatives will not be invited to the Defense and Security Equipment International (DSEI) arms fair in London next month, reflecting growing diplomatic tensions between London and Jerusalem over the Gaza war.
A statement from the British defense ministry said Israel’s escalating military operations in Gaza were “wrong” and stressed the need for an immediate ceasefire, hostage releases, and expanded humanitarian aid. While state representatives are barred, Israeli defense firms — including Elbit Systems, Rafael, and Israel Aerospace Industries — may still attend.
Jerusalem denounced the decision as “discrimination,” with Israel’s Defense Ministry vowing to withdraw from the exhibition and cancel its national pavilion. It argued the move “serves extremists, grants legitimacy to terror, and is driven by political considerations.” Opposition leader Benny Gantz also criticized the decision as “misguided,” warning it sent the message that “terror pays off.”
Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s government has recently taken a harder line on Israel, suspending free trade talks, sanctioning far-right ministers, and advancing recognition of a Palestinian state. The decision comes as Israel presses ahead with plans to seize Gaza City, potentially displacing one million people, rather than accepting a ceasefire and hostage deal with Hamas.
The arms fair controversy follows France’s June move to restrict Israeli arms firms at the Paris Air Show. Meanwhile, Germany — Israel’s second-largest defense partner — suspended some arms sales, though Rafael recently secured a €358 million deal with the German Air Force.
EU foreign ministers are set to discuss further sanctions against Israel and Hamas this weekend.
Ukraine-Russia war latest: US vows to defend ‘every inch’ of Nato territory after Russian drones enter Poland
Nato has announced plans to beef up the defence of Europe’s eastern flank as the US has vowed to defend “every inch” of its ally after Russian drones breached Polish airspace earlier this week.
The US joined other Nato countries yesterday to express concern about Russian drones entering Poland, accusing Moscow of violating international law and the founding UN Charter.
At the UN, the US called the Polish airspace violations “alarming” and vowed to defend “every inch” of Nato territory.
The mission will involve a range of assets integrating air and ground bases along Nato’s eastern flank, which stretches from the Baltic states in the north to Romania and Bulgaria in the south.
Polish air defences and Nato aircraft sprung into action on Wednesday after 19 objects intruded Polish airspace. There have been no injury reports and Moscow has so far denied responsibility for the incident.
Donald Trump has said that his patience with Vladimir Putin is “running out fast”, days after Russian drones breached Polish airspace in an act of provocation.
His comments come after Poland‘s prime minister Donald Tusk on Friday rejected Trump’s claim that Russian drones breaching Polish airspace might have been “a mistake”.
The fundamental characteristic of any developed economy is : about thirty percent to forty-five percent of the people should remain engaged in agriculture and the rest of the population should be employed in industry or other sectors of the economy. Excessive pressure on agriculture is not a sign of a healthy economy. At present about seventy-five percent of the Indian population is dependent upon agriculture for its livelihood. This is a very dangerous situation for the Indian economy. Those who are engaged in agriculture remain unemployed most of the year and this is an enormous waste of human labour. This unemployment problem in agriculture must be solved immediately – it brooks no delay.
Shri P R Sarkar
Agrarian Revolution 1965
Published in:
A Few Problems Solved Part 2
Prout in a Nutshell Volume 2 Part 7
Proutist Economics
THE END
September 6, 2025
Travel
Why doesn’t Google Maps work in one of Asia’s most developed, tourist-friendly countries?
When Taiwanese traveler Eric Weng visits South Korea, he juggles between Kakao Map, Naver Map, and Google Maps to find his way. While South Korea is among the world’s most connected nations, Google Maps – the go-to navigation tool for millions – remains restricted there. Instead, tourists must rely on local apps that often lack the smooth, detailed functions they expect.
The problem stems from South Korea’s refusal to let Google use its detailed 1:5,000 scale mapping data, citing national security concerns. Though Google argues this data is essential for accurate turn-by-turn navigation, authorities fear exposing sensitive sites, particularly military facilities. Critics, however, believe the issue goes beyond security. Allowing Google unrestricted access could weaken homegrown giants like Naver and Kakao, which dominate the domestic digital ecosystem and employ thousands.
Tensions between South Korea and Google date back to 2008, when map labeling disputes over Japanese names of Korean locations soured relations. Since then, repeated requests by Google for access to detailed map data have been denied. While larger tourist sites are easy to find, visitors often struggle with smaller shops or navigating unfamiliar neighborhoods, especially given translation issues in Korean apps.
Experts argue South Korea has little incentive to approve Google’s request, as residents already rely on local platforms and businesses benefit from their dominance. Still, a government council is expected to review Google’s latest petition in October. For tourists like Weng, approval could finally mean seamless navigation – but for now, confusion remains part of the journey.
APNI Sponsors Special Session at 8th Global Sustainable Phosphorus Summit (SPS8)
05 September 2025, Africa – For the first time, Africa will host the Sustainable Phosphorus Summit (SPS8), highlighting the continent’s growing influence in global agricultural and environmental policy. Phosphorus (P), a vital nutrient for food production, is both scarce and poorly managed worldwide. With Africa holding vast phosphate reserves and facing urgent food security needs, the choice of Accra, Ghana, as host city from September 30 to October 3 positions the continent as both a resource hub and a thought leader.
A major highlight of SPS8 will be the African Plant Nutrition Institute’s (APNI) session on “Enhancing Global Phosphorus Efficiency Along the Mining-Use-Recovery Pathway” (October 2). This forum will bring together global experts from research, industry, and policy to explore cutting-edge innovations in P management and identify strategies to close implementation gaps.
The stakes are high: the FAO has identified phosphorus as the most yield-limiting nutrient in agriculture. Global cereal yields could rise by up to 55% if P deficiencies were addressed, and meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goal of doubling smallholder productivity by 2030 will require a 39% increase in P use. Sub-Saharan Africa, where soils are severely P-deficient and fertilizer use is constrained, faces the greatest challenge. Balanced NPK application could double maize and rice yields, yet phosphorus use in Africa must rise two-fold to balance nitrogen inputs, and more than eleven-fold to close yield gaps.
Opportunities lie in combining innovative fertilizer sources, precision management, digital tools, and strong public–private partnerships. SPS8 aims to chart this path for Africa and the world.
Historic California gold mining town overrun by fast-moving wildfire
Firefighters in Central California are battling a fast-moving blaze that has scorched nearly 7,000 acres and devastated parts of the historic Gold Rush town of Chinese Camp. The fire, dubbed the 6-5 Fire, erupted during a lightning storm Tuesday and has since destroyed homes, damaged historic landmarks, and forced hundreds to flee.
By Wednesday evening, more than 300 residents had evacuated, with another 350 told to prepare to leave immediately, according to Tuolumne County officials. The blaze spread with alarming speed—consuming the equivalent of eight football fields per minute during its first 10 hours. Containment remained at 0% as of Wednesday night, Cal Fire reported.
At least five homes were destroyed, and multiple structures—including Chinese Camp’s historic post office, built in 1854—were lost. The rural town, once a hub for Chinese miners during the 1849 Gold Rush, is a designated California Historical Landmark. Its mix of aging buildings and overgrown greenery provided fuel for the advancing flames.
Residents mounted desperate defenses. Outside one home, seven people worked frantically to shovel sand and clear brush to stop the fire from spreading before firefighters arrived, though an RV on the property was damaged.
Highways 120 and 49 were closed as crews battled shifting winds and dry conditions fueled by triple-digit lightning strikes across the state. The 6-5 Fire is part of Cal Fire’s September Lightning Complex, which includes 22 separate blazes sparked this week.
More than 600 personnel are on scene, with dangerous heat and gusty winds expected to challenge containment efforts through Thursday.
Make art, not war: Why an artist spent five years and used 35 million beads to transform a supersonic jet
At Seattle’s Museum of Flight, South African artist Ralph Ziman has unveiled The MiG-21 Project—a Cold War–era fighter jet transformed into a dazzling work of art. Once destined for a scrapyard, the Soviet-designed MiG-21 is now covered, inside and out, in tens of millions of glass beads, creating kaleidoscopic patterns that soften its lethal silhouette.
The beaded jet is the final installment of Ziman’s 12-year series Weapons of Mass Production, in which he reimagines weapons of war—including AK-47s and South Africa’s notorious Casspir police vehicle—through intricate beadwork. Over 100 artisans from Johannesburg and Mpumalanga, led by the women’s collective Anointed Hands, collaborated on the MiG-21 over five years, much of it during pandemic lockdowns. The team used templates sent from Los Angeles to craft vibrant panels that were later assembled onto the aircraft, resulting in a 51-foot-long sculpture shimmering with an eclectic, pan-African aesthetic.
For Ziman, the project is both personal and political. Raised in apartheid South Africa, he witnessed firsthand the violence of militarization. The MiG-21, widely used during proxy wars in Angola, embodies the complex ties between global conflict and South Africa’s history. By adorning it with beadwork—an art form long marginalized despite its cultural significance—Ziman hopes to spark conversations about war, memory, and resistance.
He also wants the jet to serve a humanitarian purpose: proceeds from its eventual sale will support art therapy for Ukrainian children displaced by war. “It’s about transforming an object of destruction into one of healing and dialogue,” Ziman says.
The MiG-21 Project runs at the Museum of Flight through January 26, 2026.
Serbian scientists experiment with mealworms to degrade polystyrene
Serbian scientists have been experimenting with mealworms as a way to break down polystyrene.
Larisa Ilijin, a principal research fellow at Belgrade’s Institute for Biology, said the scientists had discovered that mealworms can digest various plastics, including polystyrene, which is used in packaging, insulation and food containers.
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In the project endorsed by the government and the United Nations’ agency for international development, UNDP, and other international donors, they have been including the polystyrene in the regular food of the larval form of the yellow mealworm beetle, or Tenebrio molitor.
They habitually eat more or less anything, but need the training to eat the plastic products.
“We have larvae that have been adapted over a long time to biodegrade plastic, to be as efficient as possible in the process,” Ilijin told Reuters.
She said the bacteria living in their guts break down the plastic into carbon dioxide and water, and showed no evidence of leaving microplastic residue in their innards or faeces.
The work builds on similar research projects in the U.S. and Africa.
Serbia, which hopes to join the EU, recycles only 15% of municipal waste, far below the EU’s 55% target and less than 2% of household waste.
Over 84% of waste ends up in about 3,000 landfill sites, often unregulated and filled with plastic, cardboard, paper and organic waste. It is looking for ways to meet EU waste treatment standards.
“Styrofoam takes over 500 years to decompose in nature … this would be one of the good ways for solving the problem of plastic waste in nature,” Ilijin said.
The institute has given Belgrade-based Belinda Animals several containers of the mealworms. It is now breeding them and hoping to attract a network of similar farms.
“When breaking down 1 kg of Styrofoam, larvae emit one to two grams of carbon dioxide … If we incinerate it … (Styrofoam) emits over 4,000 times more,” owner Boris Vasiljev said.
He also envisages the larvae being used as animal feed, should it reach a large commercial scale.
The use of mealworms is still in its infancy, Ilijin said, as Serbia still needs to adopt regulations that would allow the use and sale of insect products for animal fodder.
India’s Russian oil imports set to rise in September in defiance of US
Russian oil exports to India are expected to rise in September, despite escalating U.S. pressure aimed at curbing the trade and squeezing Moscow’s war finances. India has emerged as the largest buyer of Russian crude since Western sanctions following the 2022 Ukraine invasion reshaped global energy flows. The arrangement has enabled Indian refiners to secure cheaper barrels, even as Washington ramps up punitive measures.
On Wednesday, President Donald Trump’s administration raised tariffs on Indian imports to 50%, a move widely seen as retaliation for New Delhi’s continued purchases. While the Indian government has said it will pursue dialogue to resolve the dispute, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has also strengthened ties with Moscow, meeting President Vladimir Putin to underscore the partnership.
Washington has accused India of profiteering from discounted oil, while Indian officials argue the West applies double standards, as both the EU and the U.S. continue buying Russian goods. Analysts say India is unlikely to cut supplies in any meaningful way, noting the role of discounted barrels in fueling record refinery runs.
Three traders familiar with preliminary data said Indian refiners plan to boost September imports by 150,000–300,000 barrels per day, or 10–20% higher than August. Major buyers Reliance and Nayara Energy have not commented. Russia, meanwhile, has additional export capacity due to refinery outages, some caused by Ukrainian drone strikes.
India imported 1.5 million bpd of Russian crude in early August—covering 40% of its oil needs—making it the world’s largest seaborne buyer. Discounts of $2–$3 per barrel to Brent make Russian supplies highly attractive.
Analysts caution that unless India issues a policy shift or a global ban is imposed, Russian oil will remain central to its energy mix. Any sudden halt, they warn, could remove up to one million bpd from global supply and drive prices back toward $100 a barrel.
It’s time to end physical punishment of kids once and for all, WHO says
Corporal punishment, often involving hitting but extending to any form of physical discipline intended to cause discomfort, remains common in homes and schools worldwide. Research shows, however, that it has no benefits for children’s behaviour, well-being, or development. Instead, it is linked to increased risks of anxiety, depression, impaired cognitive growth, and weakened socio-emotional skills.
According to Dr. Etienne Krug of the WHO, there is “overwhelming scientific evidence” of the risks corporal punishment poses to children’s health. A study across 49 low- and middle-income countries found children subjected to it were 24% less likely to be developmentally on track compared to peers. Beyond immediate harm, corporal punishment raises stress hormone levels that can alter brain structure and function, leaving life-long consequences.
The impact extends across generations. Adults who were corporally punished as children are more likely to use violence against their own children, and communities where it persists often show higher tolerance for violence in general.
Regional differences remain stark: 41% of children in Europe and Central Asia experience corporal punishment at home, compared to 75% in the Middle East and North Africa. In schools, only 25% of children in the Western Pacific face it, versus more than 70% in Africa and Central America. Children with disabilities and those in poorer or marginalized communities are at even greater risk.
While 67 countries now ban corporal punishment, WHO stresses that legal prohibitions must be paired with education campaigns to shift beliefs and promote non-violent discipline.
Trump approved failed 2019 Navy SEAL mission in North Korea that killed civilians
The White House declined to comment on the report, and the Pentagon has not issued a statement.
A secret US Navy SEAL mission inside North Korea in 2019, personally approved by Donald Trump during his first term as president, ended with the deaths of unarmed civilians, the New York Times reported on Friday.
The mission’s goal was to plant an electronic device that would allow US intelligence agencies to monitor communications of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, the newspaper said. Because of the risks, it required Trump’s direct authorisation.
According to the Times, SEAL Team Six’s Red Squadron rehearsed for months. The plan involved slipping a nuclear-powered submarine close to the North Korean coast, releasing smaller mini-submarines, and having commandos swim ashore to place the device.
But the operation collapsed when the SEALs came across a small North Korean boat. Believing they had been spotted, the commandos opened fire, killing those on board. Later evidence suggested the victims were civilians diving for shellfish.
The Times said the SEALs abandoned the mission, returned to their submarine, and escaped. North Korea did not publicly acknowledge the incident, though US officials later observed heightened military activity in the area.
The White House declined to comment on the report, and the Pentagon has not issued a statement. The Times added that Trump’s administration did not notify key members of Congress before or after the mission, a move that experts said may have violated federal law.
The incident took place while Trump was pursuing high-level talks with Kim. Later in 2019, Trump became the first sitting US president to step into North Korea during a meeting at the Demilitarised Zone. Those talks, however, broke down, and Pyongyang soon resumed missile testing.
Trump, who returned to the White House in January 2025, has not commented on the report.
Taliban calls for foreign help after deadly Afghanistan earthquake. Here’s what we know
Afghanistan has been struck by a devastating 6.0-magnitude earthquake that killed more than 2,200 people and injured over 3,600, according to Taliban officials. The quake, which hit late Sunday near Jalalabad close to the Pakistan border, leveled villages, destroyed at least 5,400 homes, and left thousands trapped or homeless. Survivors described digging through rubble with bare hands as emergency teams struggled to reach remote mountain areas due to heavy rains, landslides, and damaged roads. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reported several strong aftershocks, including a 5.2-magnitude tremor on Tuesday, also felt in Kabul and parts of Pakistan.
Nearly half a million people are believed to have experienced severe shaking, with casualty figures expected to rise as evacuations continue. Families recounted harrowing losses, with entire households buried beneath collapsed houses. Rescue operations remain hampered by limited resources and a lack of international support.
Afghanistan’s humanitarian crisis, worsened since the Taliban’s takeover in 2021, has left relief efforts underfunded. Global aid has plummeted from $3.8 billion in 2022 to just $767 million this year, after the U.S., U.K., and European nations slashed assistance. Humanitarian groups warn that drought, malnutrition, and the return of refugees from neighboring countries are compounding the crisis.
The Taliban have appealed for urgent international help. The UAE has sent tents, medical supplies, and a rescue team, while the UK and EU pledged emergency funding and relief goods. Yet, aid agencies stress that the scale of devastation requires far greater global response to prevent further suffering.
Putin rejects Western security in Ukraine, warning troops would be target
Russian President Vladimir Putin warned Friday that any foreign troops deployed to Ukraine during ongoing hostilities would be treated as “legitimate targets.” His remarks came after European leaders finalized a framework for potential postwar security guarantees for Ukraine at a summit in Paris.
Speaking at the Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok, Putin said Ukraine’s push to join NATO is tied to the possible presence of foreign forces. “If any troops appear there, especially now, during the course of hostilities, we assume they will be legitimate targets for destruction,” he declared. However, he added that if a long-term peace deal were reached, he saw “no point” in foreign forces remaining in Ukraine.
French President Emmanuel Macron said 26 nations had expressed readiness to support postwar security guarantees, with some prepared to contribute on land, sea, or air. He noted the plan would soon be presented to the United States for formalization.
Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov echoed Putin’s warning, calling foreign troops near Russia’s borders “dangerous,” and accused NATO of threatening Russia’s security.
Putin also confirmed he had not yet discussed the European proposals with U.S. President Donald Trump, though he described their dialogue as open and cooperative.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, meanwhile, cautioned that discussions on troop commitments were not finalized, though he insisted guarantees would involve “thousands” of soldiers. He stressed it was “too early” to share details but welcomed European efforts to build a coalition to ensure peace once a ceasefire is achieved.
Shiva was a great personality. At the same time, His entire life – we may say, His very way of life – is a philosophy. And when oneʼs personality becomes fully identified with oneʼs philosophy of life, one becomes a god.
[The vibrational manifestations emanating from the Supreme Nucleus are known as devatás, and these devatás address that
Supreme Nucleus as Deva.
He with His powers vibrates the entire universe, makes the entire universe dance; and He by dint of His occult and supra-occult
powers brings everything back onto His lap.]
Shrii P R Sarkar
The Pervasive Influence of Shiva (Discourse 4)
9 May 1982, Calcutta
Published in:
Namah Shiváya Shántáya
The End
August 30, 2025
Children
‘Unbelievable pain and suffering’: How a common throat infection can rewire children’s brains
Strep throat is usually a routine childhood illness, but in rare cases it can trigger sudden, dramatic changes in behaviour. This condition, known as Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS), is only now being better understood by scientists.
The story of Charlie Drury illustrates its impact. On his eighth birthday in 2012, he developed strep throat. Soon after, his behaviour shifted drastically: he became hypersensitive to smells, avoided touch, stopped eating and sleeping, and suffered hallucinations. Once a bright, active child, Charlie seemed unrecognisable. Doctors eventually diagnosed him with PANDAS. Now 20, he still requires regular plasma exchange treatments.
Children with PANDAS often experience an abrupt onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms or tics, alongside mood swings, aggression, developmental regression, and sleep problems. Although rare, studies suggest boys are more likely to be affected than girls, with symptoms appearing before puberty.
Scientists believe the condition arises when a child’s immune system misfires while fighting strep, producing antibodies that mistakenly attack the brain, particularly the basal ganglia – a region linked to movement, emotions, and decision-making. This autoimmune response may explain the sudden behavioural changes.
Diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. Many families face skepticism and difficulty accessing specialised care. While antibiotics, steroids, and anti-inflammatories can help if given early, severe cases may require intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange therapy. Some children recover fully; others, like Charlie, live with recurring flare-ups.
Despite ongoing debate, growing research confirms PANDAS as a genuine medical condition, offering hope for better recognition and treatment in the future.
Nigeria bans exports of raw shea nuts used for cosmetic products
Nigeria has announced an immediate six-month ban on the export of raw shea nuts, aiming to boost domestic processing and transform the country into a global hub for refined shea butter and related products. Vice President Kashim Shettima said the policy, which will later be reviewed, is designed to strengthen value addition rather than restrict trade.
Shea nuts are a vital raw material in cosmetics, processed into shea butter used in lotions, shampoos, and other skincare products. Demand has surged as consumers increasingly seek natural and nontoxic ingredients. Despite accounting for 40% of global shea nut supply, Nigeria captures only 1% of the $6.5 billion global shea product market, according to government figures.
Shettima said the ban will help secure raw materials for local processing factories, generate employment in rural communities, and significantly increase national revenue. Authorities estimate the policy could yield $300 million in the short term and as much as $3 billion annually by 2027.
Nigeria joins other West African nations, including Ghana, Burkina Faso, and Ivory Coast, which have restricted raw shea exports in recent years to encourage domestic processing. The announcement also follows the opening of a major shea butter processing facility in Niger state, touted as one of Africa’s largest.
However, experts caution that without sufficient investment in local industries, the ban may not achieve its goals. Ikemesit Effiong of SBM Intelligence noted that restricting exports “does little to lock in production for Nigerian processors” unless backed by broader industrial support.
“Your Purchases Killed…”: US Senator’s Russia Oil Warning To India, China
U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham has renewed criticism of India, China, Brazil, and other nations purchasing Russian oil, accusing them of sustaining Moscow’s war in Ukraine. His comments came hours after a Russian missile strike on Kyiv early Thursday killed at least 23 civilians, including children.
Graham warned that countries engaged in oil trade with Moscow would face consequences similar to those already seen by India. Citing former President Donald Trump’s decision to impose 50% tariffs on Indian imports, the Republican senator said New Delhi was “experiencing the cost of supporting” Russian President Vladimir Putin. Posting on X, he asked: “How do you feel right now that your purchases have resulted in innocent civilians being killed?”
The senator has consistently argued that Russia’s war effort is dependent on energy revenues. “Without oil and gas revenue, Russia collapses… the whole goal is to crush its customers – India, China, Brazil,” he said in a recent NBC interview.
Meanwhile, the White House condemned Thursday’s strikes. Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said Trump was “not happy but not surprised” by the escalation, noting both Ukrainian and Russian attacks have caused significant damage in recent weeks. She added, “The president wants the war to end, but the leaders of these two countries must decide to end it.”
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy called the assault—Moscow’s second-largest since the full invasion in February 2022—proof that Russia prefers “ballistics instead of the negotiating table,” urging new sanctions on Russia. The Kremlin, however, insisted its strikes targeted military sites and reiterated interest in peace.
The search for life on Mars remains a central goal of planetary exploration. A recent study in Nature Communications suggests that current Mars mission instruments may not be sensitive enough to detect potential biosignatures. The research tested samples from the Atacama Desert’s “Red Stone” region in Chile, an ancient alluvial fan delta strikingly similar to Jezero Crater, now explored by NASA’s Perseverance rover. Despite the presence of diverse microbial life confirmed by DNA sequencing and culture methods, instruments equivalent to those on Mars missions failed to reliably identify these biological traces.
This challenge echoes past difficulties. Nearly fifty years ago, NASA’s Viking landers attempted to detect metabolism and organic compounds in Martian soils using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). When no organics were found, despite their expected presence from meteorites and dust, scientists proposed that strong oxidants in the soil destroyed them. Decades later, researchers discovered that perchlorate salts in Martian soil likely caused organic matter to decompose during Viking’s heating process, explaining the negative results.
Although Viking cast doubt on surface habitability, orbital and rover missions later revealed Mars once hosted liquid water billions of years ago, raising the possibility of ancient life. Instruments like SAM on Curiosity detected altered organics in ancient lakebeds, and Perseverance has identified aromatic compounds, though their origin could be biological or extraterrestrial.
The Red Stone study underscores that even if microbial life exists—or once existed—on Mars, today’s instruments may struggle to detect its faint, degraded signatures.
Diamond-rich Botswana declares national public health emergency
Botswana has declared a public health emergency following severe shortages of essential medicines and medical equipment. President Duma Boko made the announcement in a televised address on 25 August, unveiling a multimillion-dollar plan to restore the supply chain under military oversight. He warned that addressing the crisis would be “highly price sensitive” due to the nation’s strained finances.
The economy of Botswana, home to 2.5 million people, has suffered from a slump in the international diamond market, the country’s main revenue source. Cuts in US aid have worsened unemployment and poverty, leaving the health system heavily burdened. Earlier this month, the health ministry reported debts exceeding 1 billion pula (£55.2m), much of it from patients referred to private hospitals for unavailable public services.
Health Minister Dr. Stephen Modise cited critical shortages in cancer drugs, HIV treatments, and tuberculosis supplies. Before US funding reductions under former President Donald Trump, Washington had financed nearly a third of Botswana’s HIV response, according to UNAIDS. In response to current constraints, referrals for elective surgeries, including organ transplants, were temporarily suspended.
To ease shortages, the government has allocated 250 million pula (£13.8m, $18.3m) in emergency funding. Military trucks began distributing supplies from the capital, Gaborone, to remote areas on Monday. Despite the challenges, officials expressed optimism. “This is definitely not insurmountable,” Dr. Modise said.
UNICEF urged swift action to safeguard children’s health, noting that malnutrition is widespread in communities such as D’Kar, and welcomed the president’s intervention.
Trump’s tariffs take effect, threaten to slow down GDP growth to under 6 percent
The doubling of US tariffs on Indian exports, from 25 percent to 50 percent, has delivered a major blow to India’s trade sector. The move, effective since August 28, followed the collapse of a 21-day negotiation window and is seen as Washington’s response to India’s continued purchase of Russian oil. The new tariff regime threatens to disrupt nearly $48 billion worth of Indian exports to its largest market, raising the risk of reduced competitiveness against rivals such as Vietnam, Bangladesh, and China.
Key sectors most exposed include jewellery, textiles, seafood, steel, aluminium, and agrifood. India’s Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO) has warned that exporters in Tirupur, Noida, Surat, and coastal seafood hubs are already scaling back production, while farmers and supply chains face mounting stress. According to the Global Trade Research Initiative, about 66 percent of India’s $86.5 billion US exports will be affected, though pharmaceuticals and electronics remain exempt.
The shock has rattled Indian markets, with analysts warning of growth slowing below 6 percent in FY26, compared to earlier projections of 6.3–6.5 percent. Economists caution that emergency support, in the form of credit lines, subsidies, and fiscal relief, is critical to prevent job losses, wage cuts, and a cascading slowdown in allied industries. While GST slab rationalisation offers some relief, experts say it will not offset the scale of tariff hikes.
Strategists argue India must respond by accelerating export diversification toward Europe, the UK, Gulf nations, and East Asia, while stepping up diplomacy with Washington. Despite the immediate shock, some economists believe India can weather the crisis, given its limited share in global manufacturing and continued savings from discounted Russian oil. However, sustaining export momentum toward the government’s $2 trillion target by 2030 will depend on swift policy action and wider market realignment.
China Finds Buyers for Surplus Solar: Africa’s Energy-Hungry Countries
China’s solar exports to Africa have surged over the past year, as overproduction and falling prices create new opportunities for the continent’s energy-hungry economies. According to Ember, an energy research group, Chinese companies shipped more than 15 gigawatts of solar equipment to African countries between July 2024 and June 2025—nearly doubling the continent’s total installed capacity in 2023.
The influx reflects both China’s dominance in renewable technology manufacturing and Africa’s pressing demand for affordable power. More than 600 million Africans still lack electricity access, while frequent blackouts force businesses to rely on costly, polluting diesel generators. Low-cost Chinese panels are helping fill the gap, offering a cleaner alternative at a time when African nations urgently need reliable power.
South Africa and Nigeria were the largest importers, but smaller nations also saw dramatic increases. Sierra Leone imported panels equal to half its current generating capacity, while Chad added nearly as much. Algeria, the third-biggest importer, is expected to use much of its equipment in large solar farms built by Chinese firms. Elsewhere, rooftop installations are spreading across towns and villages.
Experts view the trend as mutually beneficial: China finds an outlet for its surplus production, while Africa gains access to cheaper renewable energy. “Cheap imports can underpin green industrialization in Africa and alleviate China’s overcapacity,” said Boston University professor Kevin Gallagher.
Still, solar investment lags behind fossil fuels. The International Energy Agency estimates most African energy spending still flows to oil, gas, and coal projects. Whether the surge in imports translates into meaningful access will depend on how quickly panels are installed and integrated into local grids.
Thailand’s prime minister removed from office over leaked phone call scandal with Cambodian strongman
Bangkok, Thailand — Thailand has been plunged into fresh political turmoil after the Constitutional Court on Friday removed Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra from office. The 37-year-old leader, youngest in the country’s history and a member of the powerful Shinawatra dynasty, was ousted just one year into her tenure following a 6–3 ruling that found she had breached ethics rules in a leaked phone call with Cambodia’s former leader Hun Sen.
The June call, confirmed as authentic, took place amid escalating border clashes that killed a Cambodian soldier. Paetongtarn was heard addressing Hun Sen as “uncle” and criticizing her own army’s conduct, before adding: “If you want anything, just tell me, and I will take care of it.” The court ruled that such remarks compromised national interests and violated constitutional standards of honesty and integrity. The controversy further inflamed nationalist sentiment, especially after the clashes expanded into a five-day conflict that killed 38 people and displaced thousands.
Paetongtarn apologized, insisting her comments were a negotiation tactic to defuse tensions. But her dismissal continues a long pattern in Thai politics, where leaders tied to her father, former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, have repeatedly been removed by coups or court rulings. Her aunt Yingluck Shinawatra was toppled in 2014, her uncle Somchai Wongsawat in 2008, and Thaksin himself forced into exile in 2006.
With her removal, the cabinet is dissolved, leaving ministers in acting roles until parliament votes on a new leader. Pheu Thai’s likely nominee is former justice minister Chaikasem Nitisiri, though it remains uncertain if coalition partners will back him. Bhumjaithai Party leader Anutin Charnvirakul has already resigned from the coalition in protest.
If Pheu Thai fails to secure support, new elections could be called—at a moment when the party’s popularity is sliding, and the progressive opposition People’s Party is gaining ground.
Africa’s largest refugee-hosting country is facing backlash over US migrant deal
Uganda, host to Africa’s largest refugee population, is under fire after confirming a deal to accept migrants deported from the United States under an arrangement linked to the Trump administration. The Ugandan foreign ministry announced last week that it had reached a “temporary arrangement” with Washington to take in individuals denied asylum in the US but unwilling to return home.
Opposition leaders have condemned the deal, accusing the government of bypassing parliament and compromising national interests. Mathias Mpuuga, Uganda’s former opposition leader, told the Associated Press the arrangement “stinks.” Uganda has outlined limits: it will not accept people with criminal records or unaccompanied minors and prefers deportees from African countries. Analysts warn this could complicate US efforts involving non-African migrants, such as Salvadoran national Kilmar Abrego Garcia, whose deportation to Uganda was halted by a US court over persecution concerns.
Uganda becomes the fourth African state to sign such an agreement after Rwanda, South Sudan, and Eswatini. Critics argue the move adds pressure to Uganda’s already overburdened refugee system, which currently supports nearly two million people, mostly from South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
“This deal benefits the US but strains Uganda further,” said journalist and researcher Raymond Mujuni. Others suggest it could shield President Yoweri Museveni’s government from scrutiny ahead of the 2026 election. Museveni, in power since 1986, is seeking re-election.
Uganda has previously faced controversy over third-country resettlements, notably an alleged Israeli arrangement between 2015 and 2018—claims it denied. The number of migrants expected from the US remains uncertain.
Kaośikii is beneficial for both men and women. Competition in táńd́ava and kaośikii is very good and encouraging. I strongly support it. There should be competitions wherever there are Ananda Margis. There should be competitions even where there are no Ananda Margis. There is no harm in it; rather it is beneficial in all respects.
Shrii P R Sarkar
Táńd́ava and Kaośikii 5 March 1984, Jammu
Published in:Ánanda Vacanámrtam Part 22 The Awakening of Women The Flow of Devotion and the Glory of Kiirtana
THE END
August 23, 2025
Starvation
Gaza’s hungry children slide towards starvation as emergency treatments dwindle
The hunger crisis in Gaza has reached a critical stage, with famine officially declared in some areas nearly two years after Israel’s invasion. According to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), almost one-quarter of Gaza’s population now faces starvation. Aid agencies and nutrition experts warn that limited volumes of food entering the enclave are insufficient and poorly distributed, leaving over two million people at risk of malnutrition.
Figures from Gaza’s Health Ministry, confirmed by the World Health Organization, show deaths from hunger have sharply risen. Between January and July, 89 people, mostly children and teenagers, died from starvation, while August alone recorded at least 138 deaths. The IPC warns that without a ceasefire and sustained aid, 132,000 children under five could die from acute malnutrition by mid-2026.
Doctors describe hospitals running out of fortified milk and therapeutic foods needed for starving children. Many mothers, themselves malnourished, are unable to breastfeed. UNICEF reports it has baby formula stocks for only 2,500 infants for a month, despite an estimated need for 10,000. Supplies of high-energy pastes are also critically low.
Israel disputes the famine classification, attributing reported deaths to other medical causes and blaming the UN and Hamas for failures in distribution. Aid agencies argue that current deliveries, though increasing since July, remain far below requirements, with much of the food intercepted before reaching vulnerable families.
“The overall volume of nutrition supplies remains completely insufficient,” said WHO’s Rik Peeperkorn, warning that without urgent action, Gaza faces a preventable humanitarian catastrophe.
“Threw Hand Grenades”: Russian Children Get Taste Of Military Training At 8
On the banks of the River Don in southern Russia, 83 children aged between 8 and 17 took part in a military-style “route march” that combined adventure with army training. Shouting encouragement, instructors guided the children as they ran, crawled across sand, and waded through shallow water. Many wore camouflage uniforms, some carried weapons—real or replicas—and all followed the lead of veterans who had fought in Ukraine.
The event, organised by Cossack cadet groups in the Rostov region near the Ukrainian border, reflects a broader national push to introduce military skills and patriotic education at an early age. For the children, it was both demanding and thrilling. Eight-year-old Ivan Glushchenko eagerly recalled throwing grenades and firing dummy shots. Older cadets saw the training as preparation for future service. “I want to serve my country and be loyal to my cause until the very end,” said Anton, while another boy, David, said the challenge tested his willpower.
Supporters argue such programs foster resilience, teamwork, and patriotism. Instructor Alexander Shopin, a wounded soldier whose daughter participated, said the experience united the group: “You can see how a family is forged out of them.”
However, critics such as the children’s rights group Ne Norma condemn the trend as indoctrination, warning against exposing youngsters to weapons training and combat exercises. Russian authorities defend the initiatives as building discipline and national pride.
For the children themselves, the experience left strong impressions. “I nearly died!” one girl exclaimed, laughing with her friend.
Apple Claims Ex-Employee, China’s Oppo Stole Trade Secrets
Apple Inc. has filed a lawsuit accusing Chinese smartphone maker Oppo of poaching a senior Apple Watch engineer and encouraging the theft of trade secrets to aid in developing a competing wearable device.
According to the complaint filed in federal court in San Jose, California, sensor system architect Chen Shi secretly accessed confidential Apple documents related to health-sensing technologies before leaving the company in June. Apple alleges Shi concealed his plans to join Oppo by telling colleagues he was returning to China to care for his parents. Instead, he joined Oppo’s Silicon Valley research unit.
The filing claims Shi arranged dozens of one-on-one meetings with Apple Watch team members to gather details about ongoing projects. Just days before his departure, he allegedly downloaded 63 protected files and transferred them to a USB drive. In a message to Oppo’s vice president of health, Apple says Shi admitted he was “collecting as much information as possible” to share later. The Oppo executive allegedly replied with approval.
Apple argues Shi’s actions violated his confidentiality and intellectual property agreements, while Oppo knowingly benefited from the misconduct. The company says failing to act would jeopardize its multibillion-dollar investment in innovation and give Oppo an unfair competitive edge.
Oppo denied wrongdoing, stating it respects corporate trade secrets and has “found no evidence” linking Shi’s conduct at Apple to his role at Oppo. The company pledged to cooperate with the legal process.
The case, Apple Inc. v. Chen Shi et al., is being heard in the U.S. District Court for Northern California.
Saving bees with ‘superfoods’: new engineered supplement found to boost colony reproduction
A new study led by the University of Oxford has unveiled a promising solution to help counter the alarming decline of honeybees. Researchers have developed an engineered food supplement that provides essential sterols normally obtained from pollen, significantly boosting colony reproduction. The findings were published in Nature.
Honeybees rely on floral pollen, rich in sterols, for growth and brood development. However, climate change and intensive farming have reduced floral diversity, leaving colonies dependent on artificial feeds that lack these vital compounds. To address this, scientists from Oxford, the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, the University of Greenwich, and the Technical University of Denmark engineered the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce six key sterols: 24-methylenecholesterol, campesterol, isofucosterol, β-sitosterol, cholesterol, and desmosterol.
In three-month glasshouse feeding trials, colonies given the sterol-enriched yeast reared up to 15 times more larvae to the pupal stage than those on standard diets. Moreover, colonies on the enriched diet continued brood production, while sterol-deficient groups stopped after 90 days. The sterol profile in larvae closely matched that of naturally foraged bees, indicating precise nutritional benefits.
Researchers describe the breakthrough as comparable to humans receiving a balanced diet versus one missing essential nutrients. Since pollen sterols cannot be harvested at scale, precision fermentation offers a sustainable alternative.
Given that honeybees pollinate over 70% of global crops, the supplement could enhance food security and biodiversity. Large-scale field trials are the next step, with potential availability to farmers within two years.
NASA and IBM Launch AI Model ‘Surya’ to Predict Space Weather
IBM and NASA have unveiled Surya, the most advanced open-source foundation model designed to interpret high-resolution solar data and forecast how solar activity affects Earth and space-based technologies. Named after the Sanskrit word for the Sun, Surya marks a major step in applying AI to solar image analysis and space weather prediction, with implications for protecting GPS, telecommunications, power grids, and satellites.
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections can disrupt navigation systems, damage satellites, pose radiation risks to astronauts, and even cause large-scale power outages. Lloyd’s has estimated that a severe solar storm could expose the global economy to losses of $2.4 trillion over five years. Recent events have already disrupted GPS and air travel, underscoring the need for accurate forecasting.
Surya addresses long-standing challenges in prediction by training on the largest curated high-resolution heliophysics dataset, collected over nine years by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory. The model achieved a 16% improvement in solar flare classification accuracy and, for the first time, can visually predict where a flare will occur up to two hours in advance. Its unprecedented spatial resolution allows researchers to analyze solar features at scales previously unattainable.
“Think of this as a weather forecast for space,” said Juan Bernabe-Moreno, Director of IBM Research Europe. By releasing Surya on Hugging Face, IBM and NASA aim to democratize access, enabling scientists worldwide to build applications for regional and industrial needs.
Surya joins IBM and NASA’s broader AI collaboration, which includes geospatial and weather-focused models under the Prithvi family.
Slash Disease Risk for 2.5 Billion? WHO Reveals How Sugar Cuts Can Save Lives!
Sugars and Dental Caries
Dental caries is the most widespread noncommunicable disease worldwide, affecting around 2 billion people with permanent teeth and over 500 million children with deciduous teeth. It is a major public health concern across all age groups, often leading to pain, infection, tooth loss, and impaired quality of life.
A key risk factor is the consumption of free sugars—those added to foods and drinks, as well as sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, and fruit juices. When plaque bacteria metabolize these sugars, acids are produced that erode tooth enamel. Without preventive measures such as fluoride exposure and regular brushing, caries develops and worsens.
The burden is greatest in low-income settings, where treatment is often unavailable, unaffordable, or limited to tooth extraction. Untreated dental caries results in school absenteeism among children, work absences among adults, and significant social and economic consequences. In 2019, direct global spending on oral diseases was estimated at $387 billion, with an additional $323 billion lost in productivity.
Socioeconomic status strongly influences oral health. Vulnerable populations—including low-income groups, rural communities, minorities, and people in institutional settings—are disproportionately affected. Commercial determinants, such as aggressive marketing of sugar-rich foods and beverages, further fuel the problem.
Prevention requires population-wide strategies. Effective measures include front-of-pack nutrition labeling, reformulation targets to reduce sugar content, restrictions on marketing to children, healthier public food procurement policies, and taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages. Integrating fluoride use and minimally invasive restorative care into primary health systems can further reduce disease burden.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized oral health through its Global Oral Health Action Plan 2023–2030, urging countries to embed prevention and treatment within universal health coverage. Addressing sugar consumption through evidence-based policies is essential to reducing dental caries and its wide-reaching impacts on health and society.
China considering yuan-backed stablecoins to boost global currency usage
China is weighing the use of yuan-backed stablecoins to accelerate global adoption of its currency, marking a significant reversal of its strict stance on digital assets, according to sources familiar with the matter. The State Council is expected to review a roadmap later this month that could set targets for yuan use in global markets, outline regulatory responsibilities, and provide risk-prevention guidelines.
The plan comes as stablecoins, cryptocurrencies pegged to fiat currencies, gain momentum worldwide. While China banned cryptocurrency trading and mining in 2021 over financial stability concerns, its leadership now views stablecoins as a potential tool for yuan internationalisation, especially amid the dominance of U.S. dollar-backed stablecoins, which account for more than 99% of global supply.
Senior leaders are expected to meet by the end of August to discuss the international role of the yuan and define the boundaries for stablecoin application in business. If approved, regulators such as the People’s Bank of China will be tasked with implementing the framework.
China faces hurdles, however, as tight capital controls limit currency movement across borders, a key challenge for stablecoin growth. Despite being the world’s second-largest economy, the yuan’s share of global payments fell to 2.88% in June, compared with the U.S. dollar’s 47.19%, according to SWIFT.
Hong Kong and Shanghai are likely to pilot local applications, with discussions on yuan and stablecoin use in cross-border trade expected at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit later this month. Analysts project the global stablecoin market could grow to $2 trillion by 2028.
United Nations Plastic Pollution Talks Collapse as Oil States Oppose Tough Treaty
Global negotiations to create the world’s first treaty to end plastic pollution have once again collapsed, as talks closed without agreement after days of tense discussions. The sixth round of UN negotiations, ongoing since 2022, ended in deadlock with nations split between cutting plastic production and focusing on recycling.
Around 100 countries, including the UK, have pushed for binding limits on plastic production, while major oil-producing nations such as Saudi Arabia and Russia insist the focus should be on improving recycling systems. Plastic, derived largely from fossil fuels, is seen by those states as central to their economic future, especially as demand for oil declines with the transition to electric vehicles.
Disappointment followed the stalemate. “Plastic pollution is a global crisis that no country can solve alone,” said UK Marine Minister Emma Hardy, pledging continued efforts toward a circular economy. Small island nations also voiced frustration, with Palau declaring that vulnerable communities are being left to suffer from an environmental crisis they did little to cause.
Scientists warn that relying solely on recycling will not solve the problem. Global recycling rates hover at about 10%, and even optimistic projections suggest only modest improvements. Meanwhile, plastics release harmful chemicals as they break down, and microplastics have been detected across ecosystems and even within human bodies.
The latest failure pushes negotiations further behind their original 2023 deadline. Despite the setbacks, delegates say talks must continue, with growing urgency to address what many view as one of the planet’s most pressing environmental challenges.
Historic Kiruna Church in Sweden arrives at new home after two-day journey
Kiruna’s iconic wooden church, one of Sweden’s most beloved landmarks, reached its new home on Wednesday after a carefully planned two-day relocation to make way for the expansion of Europe’s largest underground iron ore mine.
The red-painted Kiruna Kyrka, built in 1912 and weighing 672 tonnes, was transported five kilometres across the Arctic town on two remote-controlled trailers moving at half a kilometre per hour. Crowds lined the streets to watch the slow journey, which concluded with a musical fanfare and a church service led by Lutheran vicar Lena Tjarnberg. Sweden’s King Carl XVI Gustaf joined the celebrations, which also included an attempt to set a world record for the largest church coffee gathering.
The relocation is part of a decades-long project to move Kiruna’s entire town centre, home to 18,000 residents, due to ground instability caused by the deepening LKAB iron ore mine. In total, 23 historic buildings are being moved, with the church’s transfer alone estimated to cost 500 million kronor ($52 million).
While many residents expressed relief that the church had been saved, critics accused the mining company of profiting while uprooting the community. “It’s like they said, ‘Here’s some storage space for you, Kiruna, now we’ll keep raking in the billions,’” said local commentator Magnus Fredriksson.
Despite controversy, the move highlights Kiruna’s pivotal role in Europe’s green transition. LKAB recently announced the discovery of the continent’s largest known rare earth deposit near the mine, essential for electric vehicles. The church’s separate belltower will be relocated next week.
Israel calls up 60,000 reservists ahead of planned Gaza City offensive
Israel has announced the call-up of 60,000 reservists ahead of a major ground offensive aimed at capturing and occupying Gaza City. Military officials said the reservists will begin reporting in September, though most troops involved will be active-duty personnel. The operation, approved by Defence Minister Israel Katz and pending cabinet approval, will involve five divisions in what commanders described as a “gradual and targeted” advance.
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said the offensive forms part of “Operation Gideon’s Chariots,” launched in May and already securing control of about 75% of Gaza. Troops are currently operating in Zeitoun and Jabalia, dismantling tunnels and militant infrastructure. To prepare, civilians in Gaza City are being told to evacuate south, though humanitarian groups warn the designated areas are overcrowded and ill-equipped.
International criticism has mounted. French President Emmanuel Macron warned the plan “can only lead to disaster,” while the Red Cross cautioned it risks worsening Gaza’s “catastrophic” situation. The UN and NGOs accused Israel of forcing mass displacement, warning it may constitute a violation of international law.
The offensive comes after ceasefire talks mediated by Qatar and Egypt collapsed. Hamas has accepted a proposal for a 60-day truce and the release of some hostages, but Israel has demanded a comprehensive deal ensuring the release of all captives. Only 20 of the estimated 50 hostages are believed alive.
Meanwhile, Gaza’s health ministry reported 21 deaths from Israeli strikes on Wednesday, including five members of one family. Aid agencies warn food insecurity is escalating, with 269 people—112 of them children—already dead from malnutrition. The UN has urged unimpeded humanitarian access, saying current deliveries remain far below need, despite Israeli claims that food supplies are increasing.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu insists the campaign’s goals remain unchanged: freeing hostages and “completing the defeat of Hamas.”
Kaośikii: The two hands upraised and folded together represent, “Now I am trying to establish a link with Parama Puruśa.” Both hands bending to the right indicate, “I know the right way to request You.” The bending of the body should be at a 45-degree angular projection. The leftward movement represents, “I know how to fulfil Your demands.” The movement of bending in front suggests complete surrender. The backward bending represents, “I am ready to face all troubles that may come.” The last tá, tá represents, “O Lord, I repeat Your rhythm.”
Shrii P R Sarkar
Dances and the Path of Vidyá
22 May 1979 evening, Hannover
Published in: Ánanda Vacanámrtam Part 12
Bábá in Fiesch
Kaoshikii – A Physico-Psycho-Spiritual Dance Form
THE END
August 16, 2025
Agriculture
Record number of farms close in wake of ’tractor tax’ raid
Labour chancellor Rachel Reeves has faced a furious backlash over her decision to extend inheritance tax
A record 6,365 agriculture, forestry and fishing businesses closed in the past year—an unprecedented high since the Office for National Statistics began quarterly tracking in 2017 . This sharp decline follows Chancellor Rachel Reeves’s enactment of a new inheritance tax policy, slated to take effect in April 2026, which introduces a 20% tax on inherited agricultural assets over £1 million, a key change after decades of full exemption.
Crucially, these closures resulted in a net loss of 3,175 rural businesses, as only 3,190 new ventures emerged during the same period. The dismay within the farming sector has been vocal. Victoria Atkins, the Shadow Environment Secretary, condemned Labour’s tax strategy as devastating generational livelihoods. Tom Bradshaw, NFU president, warned that farmer confidence is “at rock-bottom” and described the reforms as undermining the sector’s value and sense of being undervalued.
Victoria Vyvyan, president of the Country Land and Business Association, lamented that rural businesses are being “pushed to the edge,” hampered by regulatory burdens, soaring National Insurance, and a disconnect between rhetoric on growth and reality .
Defra and Treasury, however, point to positive indicators—reporting a £1.6 billion increase in farming profits and affirming ongoing commitments to food security. The government argues that most estates will remain unaffected due to generous allowances—couples may pass on up to £3 million tax-free—but many farmers continue to feel the weight of impending tax liabilities (The Times).
Agrivoltaics traces back to 1981 when German physicist Adolf Goetzberger (and co-author Armin Zastrow) first envisioned combining crop cultivation with solar energy production to optimize land use and tackle food and energy challenges. Over time, the concept has matured into a viable dual-use solution offering enhanced land-use efficiency, better water retention, and new income streams for farmers.
Today, agrivoltaics is gaining global momentum. Italy leads efforts with a €1.7 billion incentive program under the EU’s Recovery and Resilience Facility, aimed at deploying at least 1.04 GW of agrivoltaic capacity by mid-2026. The country’s first tender in late 2024 allocated 1.5 GW across 540 projects, and a second tender launched in April 2025 opened another €323 million in funding. Yet experts caution the need for agrivoltaic-specific regulations, noting that traditional PV incentives currently ignore the agricultural value which could impede the sector’s long-term profitability.
International interest is also rising. Global investment trends include France’s Sun’Agri expanding commercial installations, Canada’s agrivoltaic research expansion, and U.S. financing—such as BlueWave securing $91 million to develop five projects in Massachusetts. Meanwhile, the United States has over 500 active agrivoltaic sites totaling around 9 GW, combining solar with crops and grazing practices. In China, a 100 MW project in Gaomi, Shandong, exemplifies large-scale integration of agriculture and solar power.
However, challenges remain. Agrivoltaic installations are costlier than conventional PV, and crop yield impacts vary significantly by design, location, and crop type. Battery storage introduces sustainability concerns, especially regarding environmental impacts from lithium-ion production and disposal (though not covered directly here, these are widely recognized in broader analyses).
Despite these limitations, agrivoltaics stands out as a compelling intersection of renewable energy and agriculture—a model gaining traction worldwide as countries seek smarter, multifunctional land use.
Trump shifts position on Ukraine ceasefire after meeting Putin
Former U.S. President Donald Trump has said that only a permanent peace deal, not a temporary ceasefire, can bring an end to the war in Ukraine. His remarks followed talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Alaska, which failed to secure even a short-term truce. Trump, who had earlier suggested he would not leave the summit without progress toward a ceasefire, has now shifted his position, dealing a blow to Kyiv and its European allies who had strongly backed that request.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky confirmed he will travel to Washington on Monday for direct talks with Trump, while key Ukrainian allies led by the UK, France, and Germany are due to meet on Sunday to coordinate their response. In Kyiv, many Ukrainians expressed frustration, saying they felt “crushed” by the red-carpet welcome extended to Putin.
Following his return to Moscow, Putin briefed Russian officials, describing the talks as “very useful.” According to a Kremlin transcript, he said discussions with Trump focused primarily on Ukraine but also covered “almost all areas” of U.S.-Russia relations. Putin emphasized the need to address the root causes of the conflict, insisting that eliminating them should form the basis of any settlement.
He acknowledged that the U.S. administration wanted a swift end to hostilities, a goal Russia also claimed to share. “The conversation with Trump was very frank, informative, and, in my opinion, it brings us closer to the right decisions,” Putin said.
US and China agree to critical extension, preventing tariff surge on the world’s two largest economies
The United States and China have agreed to extend their pause on tariff hikes for another 90 days, according to an executive order signed by President Donald Trump on Monday. The truce came just hours before a deadline that would have seen U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods rise from 30% to 54%, while Beijing planned to lift duties on American exports from 10% back to 34%.
In a joint statement, China confirmed the extension, saying the decision stemmed from last month’s negotiations in Sweden. During that round of talks, U.S. officials disputed Chinese claims of a deal, stressing that nothing would be final without Trump’s approval. The White House later described the discussions as “constructive,” with Trump emphasizing his “very good” relationship with Chinese President Xi Jinping.
The extension averts an immediate escalation in a trade war that has already pushed U.S. tariff levels to highs not seen since the Great Depression. Economists warn that higher duties on Chinese imports—America’s second-largest source of goods—would significantly raise costs for businesses and consumers.
Still, tensions remain. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent raised concerns about China’s purchase of Russian oil, warning of potential tariffs of up to 500% if such imports continue. Washington has also criticized Beijing’s sale of dual-use technology to Russia and its dealings with sanctioned Iranian oil. Other unresolved issues include rare earth magnet exports and the future of TikTok’s U.S. operations.
While analysts say the administration has struck a more conciliatory tone, much depends on whether Trump and Xi can reach a lasting agreement.
Lead poisoning investigation in China alleges cover up by kindergarten
Authorities in China’s Gansu province have uncovered a cover-up at the centre of a major lead poisoning scandal affecting hundreds of children. Earlier this month, tests revealed that 247 children from a kindergarten in Tianshui had abnormally high blood lead levels.
Six people, including the kindergarten principal, have been arrested, while 27 government officials are under investigation. The latest report alleges hospital staff tampered with blood test results, the kindergarten management bribed local authorities, and food safety checks had not been conducted for two years.
Investigators found that kitchen staff had been using paint pigments, purchased online in 2024, to make food appear more colourful. The pigments, marked as inedible, contained lead. Photos of the bright meals were widely shared on social media to attract new students.
The probe also revealed evidence of altered test results. One child’s lead level was reduced from 292.37 to 42.37 micrograms per litre, and another from 440.14 to 103. Investigators concluded that the provincial Centre for Disease Control had failed to meet testing standards, making earlier results unreliable. Of the affected children, all have received treatment, with only one still in hospital.
Unverified videos on Chinese social media show angry parents confronting police and alleging they were beaten while demanding accountability. Some parents claim independent tests showed lead levels up to eight times higher than local results.
The scandal has reignited concerns of pollution from two factories shut down in 2006, though officials insist recent soil and water samples meet safety standards.
Germany Joins With Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal And More Schengen Area Countries In New Strict Border Control From October 12, 2025
Starting October 12, 2025, the European Union will begin rolling out its new Entry/Exit System (EES), introducing biometric checks for all non-EU nationals entering the Schengen Area. The system, which links all Schengen border points to a central database, will record fingerprints and facial scans during a traveler’s first entry, with facial recognition used for later crossings.
The EES is designed to strengthen border security, curb overstays, and enforce the 90-day stay limit within 180 days for visitors from third countries, including UK citizens under post-Brexit rules. It also aims to help authorities identify potential security threats and track cross-border movement more accurately.
While initially only certain border points will be equipped, all 29 Schengen countries—from France, Germany, and Spain to Norway and Switzerland—will eventually adopt the system. EU states outside Schengen, such as Ireland, will not take part.
For tourists and business travelers, the changes mean longer checks at external borders during the rollout phase, especially at peak travel times. Business travelers are advised to plan for potential delays as biometric processing becomes routine.
Concerns remain over privacy, cost, and operational challenges, with critics warning that delays and technical issues could strain travel hubs. Still, EU officials insist the system will modernize border management and improve coordination against illegal migration and security risks.
Importantly, despite speculation, the EU has not introduced a requirement for travelers to present proof of travel insurance at borders. However, experts recommend carrying insurance for protection during trips.
Here are the countries that have recognized a Palestinian state
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced Monday that Australia will formally recognize a Palestinian state at the upcoming United Nations General Assembly in September, marking a historic shift in the country’s Middle East policy. Speaking at a press conference, Albanese said he had recently discussed the conflict with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, stressing that “a political solution, not a military one” was needed in Gaza. Foreign Affairs Minister Penny Wong confirmed she spoke with U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio ahead of the decision.
“Australia will recognise the State of Palestine at the 80th Session of the United Nations General Assembly to contribute to international momentum towards a two-state solution, a ceasefire in Gaza, and the release of hostages,” Albanese said. He accused Israel’s government of undermining peace prospects by expanding settlements, threatening annexation, and rejecting Palestinian sovereignty.
Nearly 150 UN member states already recognize Palestinian statehood, though most Western nations have resisted. That is now changing: France, the UK, Canada, Malta, Spain, Norway, and others have recently moved toward recognition, with New Zealand and Portugal considering similar steps.
Israel swiftly condemned Australia’s decision, with Netanyahu calling it “shameful” and warning it would “reward terror.” Israeli envoy to Australia Amir Maimon said the move elevates Hamas. The U.S. also rejected the recognition, with Rubio calling it “reckless” and President Trump dismissing European moves as symbolic.
Domestically, reactions are divided. Jewish groups and opposition leaders labeled the move premature and dangerous, while pro-Palestinian advocates welcomed it as long overdue. Albanese defended the step as a “practical contribution toward momentum” for peace, despite the ongoing war in Gaza that has killed tens of thousands since Hamas’ October 2023 attack.
Whether symbolic or substantive, Australia’s recognition places it among a growing bloc of Western nations pressuring Israel to return to a two-state framework.
Economic decentralization does not mean that the majority of the population will be dependent on agriculture for their livelihood or that the other sectors of the economy will remain undeveloped. Rather, each sector of the economy must strive for maximum development, and all sectors must strive for maximum decentralization.
–P. R. Sarkar
June 1986, Calcutta
From PROUT in a Nutshell, Vol. 4, Part 21
THE END
August 9, 2025
Children
Their children can’t eat, speak or walk – so forgotten Zika mothers raise them together
When Rute Freires learned her newborn daughter Tamara had microcephaly from a Zika infection during pregnancy, doctors warned she would never walk, talk, or smile. Nine years later, Tamara still cannot walk or speak, eats through a stomach tube, and has stiff, contracted hands. She is one of nearly 2,000 babies in Brazil born with congenital Zika syndrome during the 2015–2016 outbreak, which struck hardest in north-eastern Brazil and prompted a global health emergency. While cases dropped mysteriously by 2017, the children and families affected were left facing lifelong challenges with little support.
In Maceió, where most cases were registered, Rute joined other mothers in 2016 through a health authority support group. Frustrated by inadequate assistance, they formed their own network, donning yellow shirts and helping each other secure surgeries, medication, and equipment. Many had been abandoned by partners and lived on minimal state benefits. Eventually, about 15 families moved into the same housing complex to share care duties and emotional support. This arrangement allowed Rute to resume night classes and earn her high-school diploma.
Over the years, the group campaigned for better financial aid. In December, Congress approved a bill granting \$8,800 compensation plus \$1,325 monthly payments—five times the previous allowance. Though President Lula initially vetoed it, the mothers fought back and won full approval.
Researchers still do not fully understand why the region was hardest hit or why the outbreak stopped, with theories ranging from maternal malnutrition to environmental toxins. The lack of research, experts note, reflects the poverty of those affected.
For Rute, the compensation victory fuels hope. She now dreams of further education, a well-paid job, private health insurance for Tamara, and a car to take her to appointments. “Some mothers thought this day wouldn’t come,” she says. “But I didn’t give up hope.”
Leveraging strategic grain reserves to enhance food security
Global hunger is rising again after decades of progress. In 2024, 343 million people across 74 countries faced acute food insecurity, driven by the lingering impacts of COVID-19, conflicts, and economic shocks. Frequent local and global food supply disruptions, combined with export restrictions during inflationary periods, have heightened risks for import-dependent nations. Limited resources for humanitarian aid and safety nets further worsen the crisis.
Strategic grain reserves (SGRs)—government-managed stockpiles of staple grains—can help ensure food availability during emergencies, especially in vulnerable, import-dependent countries. However, they must be part of broader food security strategies that include trade, private sector development, and social protection. SGRs are ineffective if aimed solely at stabilizing prices.
A new report by the World Bank, World Food Programme, and FAO offers guidance for designing effective SGRs tailored to specific country contexts. Key principles include:
Effective governance and communication: Define clear objectives, follow market principles for procurement and release, and ensure timely communication.
Small, cost-effective reserves: Keep stocks limited, optimize procurement timing, and avoid price distortions by focusing on crisis relief rather than profit.
Smart procurement and release: Purchase grain transparently at market prices, integrate smallholder farmers, and release stocks via market channels to enhance transparency and availability.
Integration with safety nets: Where markets fail, link SGRs to social programs to reach vulnerable populations.
Infrastructure and innovation: Invest in resilient storage, transport connectivity, and digital monitoring to reduce losses and maintain quality.
When kept small, simple, and smart, SGRs can complement other policies, respond quickly to disruptions, and strengthen long-term food security without distorting markets.
New checks to stop waste tyres being sent to furnaces
The Environment Agency (EA) will introduce enhanced checks on UK tyre exports after a BBC investigation revealed millions were ending up in illegal furnaces in India rather than being recycled. An EA report admitted it is “highly likely” that some exported tyres are diverted to makeshift pyrolysis plants—rudimentary industrial facilities that burn tyres to extract carbon black, steel, and oil. These plants, often located in rural areas, emit toxic chemicals that harm health and the environment.
The UK generates around 50 million waste tyres annually, half of which are exported to India. However, a BBC investigation earlier this year found that about 70% of UK and global tyre exports to India are processed in unsafe pyrolysis plants. In January, an explosion at one such site in Maharashtra killed two women and two children.
Following the revelations, the EA acknowledged it cannot verify that exported tyres are processed as intended and committed to stricter oversight from 1 October. Exporters will need to prove tyres are recovered in an environmentally sound way.
Campaigners welcomed the move but warned it may not close loopholes. Fighting Dirty, a pressure group, criticised the plan as little more than self-certification with potential inspections. The Tyre Recycling Association (TRA) expressed disappointment the EA rejected a ban on whole tyre exports—already adopted in Australia—arguing shredding before export would reduce illegal sales.
The EA maintains the new rules are a pragmatic solution that allow exports where standards match the UK’s, but critics fear they may not deliver meaningful change.
Russian volcano erupts for first time in more than 500 years
A volcano in far eastern Russia has erupted for the first time in more than 500 years, which experts say may be linked to last week’s massive earthquake.
The Krasheninnikov Volcano in Kamchatka threw up an ash plume up to six kilometres (3.7 miles) high overnight. There are no threats to populated areas, Russia’s emergency ministry said.
Hours later, another large earthquake in Russia led to tsunami warnings in three areas of the peninsula.
Sunday’s 7.0 magnitude quake hit the Kuril Islands and could lead to waves of up to 18cm (7in), Russia’s emergency ministry reported.
It said people in three areas of Kamchatka “must still move away from the shore”, despite the low wave heights.
The last recorded eruption of Krasheninnikov was in the 15th century, according to the head of the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team.
Olga Girina also said it may be linked to the earlier 8.8 magnitude earthquake, according to Russian state news agency RIA.
The Kamchatka Peninsula is remote but lies in the “Pacific Ring of Fire” – so called because of the high number of earthquakes and volcanoes that occur here.
New signs found of giant gas planet in ‘Earth’s neighbourhood’
Astronomers using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have found compelling evidence of a gas giant orbiting Alpha Centauri A, part of the star system just 4 light-years from Earth. Alpha Centauri, the closest stellar system to our Sun, contains two Sun-like stars—Alpha Centauri A and B—and the red dwarf Proxima Centauri, which already hosts three confirmed planets. While planets around Proxima are well documented, confirming worlds around Alpha Centauri A and B has been challenging.
Using the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) with a coronagraphic mask to block the star’s glare, Webb detected an object about twice the Earth-Sun distance from Alpha Centauri A, over 10,000 times fainter than the star. Analysis suggests it could be a Saturn-mass gas giant in an elliptical orbit, making it the closest known planet around a Sun-like star in the habitable zone—though unlikely to support life.
The object was first seen in August 2024, but follow-up observations in early 2025 did not detect it. Computer simulations indicate that in about half of possible orbits, the planet would have been too close to the star during those later observations for Webb to detect.
If confirmed, this planet would be the nearest directly imaged exoplanet and offer unparalleled opportunities for detailed study. Its existence in a close binary system would also challenge current theories of planet formation in such environments.
Future missions, including NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, could complement Webb’s infrared data with visible-light observations, providing deeper insights into its size, reflectivity, and atmospheric properties—potentially transforming our understanding of nearby planetary systems.
China deploys ‘cannibal’ mosquitoes and killer fish to fight chikungunya
China is battling its largest-ever outbreak of chikungunya, with over 7,000 cases reported in southern Guangdong province since July. The surge—driven by high temperatures, heavy rains, and international travel—has prompted authorities to deploy an arsenal of unconventional measures, including “cannibal” mosquitoes, larvae-eating fish, and surveillance drones.
Chikungunya, a mosquito-borne disease first detected in China in 2008, is rarely fatal but causes fever, rash, and severe joint pain—its Swahili name means “to bend over.” Most infections are in the manufacturing hub of Foshan, where officials have imposed strict controls. Residents face fines or power cuts if they fail to eliminate stagnant water, while drones scour the city for mosquito breeding sites.
One key tactic involves releasing elephant mosquitoes (Toxorhynchites), whose larvae prey on the Aedes mosquito that transmits chikungunya and dengue. These predators can kill thousands of larvae, sometimes without eating them, and unlike other mosquitoes, adults don’t bite humans. Guangdong’s “Mosquito Factory” has also released 5,000 larvae-eating fish to target breeding in lakes and ponds.
Authorities are applying a “patriotic public health” approach reminiscent of zero-Covid policies: isolating patients under mosquito nets, spraying insecticide on streets and in homes, and using coercive community enforcement. While 3,000 new cases were reported last week, officials say numbers may have peaked, with 95% of patients discharged within seven days.
Globally, chikungunya is surging. First identified in Tanzania in 1952, it has spread to 110 countries and is moving into new territories as climate change expands the Aedes mosquito’s range. In 2025, major outbreaks have occurred from the Indian Ocean to South America and even southern Europe.
Experts warn that although rarely deadly, chikungunya can cause long-term joint inflammation in up to 60% of cases, placing heavy burdens on healthcare systems. Vaccines exist, but no specific antiviral treatment is available, making vector control the most urgent tool to contain the spread.
US destruction of contraceptives denies 1.4m African women and girls lifesaving care, NGO says
The US government’s decision to incinerate over $9.7 million (£7.3m) worth of contraceptives is expected to cause 174,000 unintended pregnancies and 56,000 unsafe abortions across five African countries, according to the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF).
IPPF reports that 77% of these contraceptives were bound for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, and Mali—nations already facing severe shortages in reproductive healthcare. Many of the products, including injectable contraceptives and implants, were not set to expire until 2027–2029. Despite being ready for immediate distribution, the US declined IPPF’s offer to redistribute them at no cost.
The loss will deny over 1.4 million women and girls access to essential reproductive care. In Tanzania, the destruction equates to 28% of the nation’s annual contraceptive needs, while Mali will lose nearly a quarter of its supply. Kenya will miss 108,000 implants, worsening an existing 46% funding gap in its family planning programme. Unsafe abortions, already a major cause of maternal deaths in Kenya, are likely to rise.
Marie Evelyne Petrus-Barry, IPPF’s Africa regional director, condemned the decision as “appalling and extremely wasteful.” Health advocates across the affected countries warn of devastating impacts, from reduced family planning options to increased maternal mortality.
The US State Department confirmed the decision, citing legal restrictions that bar aid to organisations involved in abortion services, counselling, or advocacy. Reports suggest the contraceptives may be destroyed in France, prompting protests from feminist and rights groups.
Critics argue the move undermines humanitarian efforts in regions with high unmet contraceptive needs. In Kenya, one in five girls aged 15–19 is already pregnant or has given birth, and healthcare providers remain hesitant to offer abortion care due to conflicting legal frameworks. Without timely intervention, advocates warn the consequences will be measured in preventable deaths, unsafe abortions, and shattered reproductive rights.
Nigeria seizes more than 1,600 exotic birds in one of the biggest wildlife trafficking busts in years
Nigerian customs said they seized more than 1,600 parrots and canaries that were being transported from Lagos international airport to Kuwait without a permit, in one the biggest wildlife trafficking seizures in years.
The seizure is a sign of positive change in the fight against illegal wildlife trafficking, as Nigeria is a major hub in the global trade in protected species, Mark Ofua, West Africa spokesperson for the international non-governmental organization Wild Africa, told The Associated Press on Tuesday.
Customs agents seized ring-necked parakeets and green and yellow fronted canaries, two protected species, at the airport on July 31, the agency said in a statement late Monday.
Nigeria is a signatory to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, or CITES.
The statement by the customs agency said the shipment was not accompanied by a CITES permit and other documents required to prove the birds were legally obtained.
Nigerian customs said an investigation to find those responsible for the illicit cargo is ongoing, and that the birds will be handed to the National Parks Service for rehabilitation and release into the wild.
Ofua said Nigeria’s porous borders, widespread corruption, and weak enforcement make it a key transit point for ivory, pangolin scales and other wildlife products destined for Asia.
Global illegal wildlife trafficking is valued at $8–10 billion annually, he added.
Weather tracker: heavy rainfall across India, Japan and Hong Kong causes widespread disruption
Large parts of Asia have experienced extreme rainfall this week, with more forecast into next week. Hong Kong issued four black rainstorm warnings in a single week – the highest on record – after intense downpours. On 5 August alone, over 350mm of rain fell in 24 hours, the highest August daily total since 1884, disrupting flights and road travel.
In northern India’s mountainous state of Uttarakhand, flash floods and landslides followed more than 200mm of rain in a single day. One person has died and over 50 remain missing, as ongoing heavy rain hampers rescue efforts. Uttarakhand’s steep Himalayan terrain and narrow valleys make it highly vulnerable to such disasters during the monsoon season, with moist air lifted over mountains intensifying rainfall.
Japan also saw record rain in Kanazawa, Ishikawa prefecture, where 148mm fell in just three hours. This was driven by an area of low pressure moving across the Sea of Japan, funnelling warm, moist air into a cold front. Sea surface temperatures 3–5°C above average further fuelled the deluge, causing transport disruption, including halted bullet trains. More heavy rain and thunderstorms are expected over the weekend, extending into South Korea.
Meanwhile, southwestern Europe is preparing for an intense heatwave. Spain and France have issued warnings for temperatures exceeding 40°C, with northern Spain expected to be affected first, followed by southern France next week. Cities such as Bordeaux and Toulouse could see temperatures over 12°C above seasonal norms.
Israel security cabinet approves Netanyahu plan to occupy Gaza City despite rising alarm at home and abroad
Israel’s security cabinet has approved Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s plan to occupy Gaza City, despite mounting domestic and international opposition. The move, described as a major escalation nearly two years into the war, would see the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) take full control of the city while providing humanitarian aid outside combat zones.
Mass protests erupted during the late-night cabinet meeting, with hostage families warning the plan could seal the fate of the 50 captives still held by Hamas. “Escalating the fighting is a death sentence for our loved ones,” the Hostages and Missing Families Forum said.
Netanyahu insists the operation is necessary to defeat Hamas and replace its rule with “civilian governance… not threatening Israel.” Opposition leader Yair Lapid accused him of pursuing “more war” and catering to far-right ministers Itamar Ben Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich, who have long advocated for maximalist goals in Gaza.
The phased plan, expected to last up to five months, would force about one million Palestinians to evacuate south, with aid sites expanded from four to 16 under the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation. Netanyahu has not detailed Gaza’s long-term governance, suggesting Arab forces could take over.
The IDF already controls roughly 75% of Gaza. Military chief Lt. Gen. Eyal Zamir has warned a full takeover could trap troops and endanger hostages. Smotrich, meanwhile, celebrated the war as an opportunity to eventually re-establish Jewish settlements in Gaza.
Protests spread from Jerusalem to Tel Aviv and southern Israel, with hostage relatives staging dramatic demonstrations, including sailing toward Gaza’s maritime border. Kibbutz Nir Oz, devastated in the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack, paused its rebuilding ceremony in protest.
US President Donald Trump said it was “up to Israel” whether to occupy all of Gaza. Hamas condemned Netanyahu’s comments as proof he intends to “sacrifice” the captives for political aims.
What are the yugas – Kali Yuga, Dvápara Yuga, Tretá Yuga and Satya Yuga? The suffix ghaiṋ is added to the root Verb yuj in Saḿskrta, and the word yuga is formed. Yuga means a particular period of time. If one object nears another object, that is also known as one yuga. The word yoga originates from the root-verb yuiṋj. Yuga means “critical juncture”, that is, a special change of time from one special period to another period. In Sanskrit this is known as yugasandhi.
History reveals that humanity has moved forward in this way. The first chapter of human history was the dark age, the age of the shúdras; then came the kśatriya [warriors] Age, followed by the vipra [intellectuals] Age and finally the vaeshya [capitalists] Age. Each of these transitions from the previous era to the next one was known as yugasandhi. In the same way, these four stages of human life – Kali, Dvápara, Tretá and Satya – are critical junctures.
Shri P R Sarkar
11 July 1979, Patna
Published in:
Ananda Marga Karma Sannyása in a Nutshell [a compilation]
Ánanda Vacanámrtam Part 1
THE END
July 26, 2025
School
School-leavers are going to war and not coming back
Despite repeated claims by Russian President Vladimir Putin that 18-year-old men are not participating in the war in Ukraine, BBC investigations reveal that at least 245 high school graduates aged 18 have died on the front lines since 2023.
A legal shift in April 2023 allowed school leavers to sign military contracts immediately, eliminating the previous requirement of three months of mandatory conscript service. This policy change opened the door for many young men—particularly from poorer regions—to join the army, lured by financial incentives and patriotic messaging.
One such recruit was Alexander Petlinsky, who signed a contract just two weeks after his 18th birthday. He died in combat only 20 days later. According to his aunt, Alexander had originally dreamed of becoming a doctor, but his aspirations shifted following the start of Russia’s “special military operation.”
Patriotic education has also intensified. Since September 2024, Russian high schools have introduced a subject called “Basics of Homeland Defense,” teaching students military skills such as handling firearms and grenades. Soldiers visit classrooms to share battlefield stories, and students are encouraged to send messages and drawings to troops.
Vitaly Ivanov, a technical college student from Siberia, also enlisted at 18 after facing legal troubles. He died during his first deployment to the front in February 2025. His mother recounted his farewell call: “I’m going to the North-Eastern Military District.”
Between April 2023 and July 2025, at least 2,812 Russian soldiers aged 18–20 have reportedly died in Ukraine, according to BBC estimates.
World’s thirst for matcha dries up global supplies
Global Matcha Craze Sparks Shortages, Soaring Prices, and Calls for Mindful Consumption
Matcha, the vibrant green Japanese tea, is enjoying a global boom—appearing in everything from Starbucks lattes in the UK to Krispy Kreme doughnuts in Singapore. Social media has fueled the trend, with hashtags like #MatchaTok drawing tens of millions of views as influencers share brewing tips and recipes.
Japan’s post-pandemic tourism surge and a weakened yen have further boosted matcha’s appeal, drawing tourists to matcha hubs like Kyoto and increasing global demand for Japanese tea products. However, supply is struggling to keep up. U.S. importer Lauren Purvis notes that what once lasted a month now sells out in days, with cafes requesting up to a kilo daily.
Matcha’s production is intricate and time-consuming. It’s made from shade-grown tencha leaves, carefully ground into powder using stone mills. But climate change is disrupting harvests, especially in Kyoto, which supplies a quarter of Japan’s tencha. Aging farmers and a lack of successors add to the strain.
Tourist hotspots like Uji now ration matcha purchases, and Tokyo tea ceremonies report delivery delays and rising prices. Matcha production nearly tripled between 2010 and 2023, while exports rose 25% last year to ¥36.4 billion ($250 million).
With high-grade matcha often lost in lattes or baked goods, experts are urging mindful use. The Global Japanese Tea Association promotes using lower-grade matcha for recipes to preserve the integrity of premium tea.
New U.S. tariffs may drive prices even higher, but industry leaders expect the current matcha frenzy to stabilize in coming years.
Malaria ‘back with a vengeance’ in Zimbabwe as number of deaths from the disease triple
Zimbabwe’s Malaria Crisis Deepens After US Aid Cuts
Zimbabwe’s malaria control efforts have suffered a major setback following U.S. aid cuts, with experts warning the disease has returned “with a vengeance.” In 2025, the country recorded 115 malaria outbreaks—compared to just one in 2024—following the suspension of U.S. funding in January by former President Donald Trump.
The funding cuts, which also affected HIV/Aids and tuberculosis programmes, halted operations of the Zimbabwe Entomological Support Programme in Malaria (Zento) at Africa University. Zento had played a key role in supporting the National Malaria Control Programme through vital research and mosquito surveillance.
According to the health ministry, malaria cases rose by 180% in the first four months of 2025, with deaths climbing 218% from 45 to 143. By late June, confirmed cases had reached 119,648, with 334 deaths. The disruption also delayed the distribution of insecticide-treated nets, leaving a shortfall of 600,000.
Itai Rusike of the Community Working Group on Health stressed that sustained domestic funding is essential to maintain progress. “Without mosquito nets and medicines for pregnant women, lives will be lost,” he said.
Former health minister Dr. Henry Madzorera urged the government to utilize its own resources and reduce reliance on donors.
In Manicaland province, malaria cases fell dramatically after Zento’s launch in 2021, but surged again in 2025—more than tripling to 27,212 after the programme’s cancellation.
Deputy Health Minister Sleiman Kwidini said the government is now procuring nets independently, while Prof. Sungano Mharakurwa of Africa University called for renewed funding to restore momentum toward the goal of eliminating malaria by 2030.
Taiwan is paralyzed by political gridlock. A mass recall of ‘pro-China’ lawmakers could break that
Taiwan’s Recall Vote Could Reshape Its Political Future
Taiwan is in the midst of an intense political battle—not to elect lawmakers, but to unseat them. Through a rare recall vote, citizens will decide this Saturday whether 24 opposition Kuomintang (KMT) lawmakers should retain their seats. Another seven face recall votes next month. The outcome could shift the balance of power in Taiwan’s 113-seat legislature, currently controlled by the KMT and Taiwan People’s Party (TPP), away from President Lai Ching-te’s ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).
Under Taiwan’s constitution, lawmakers may face recall after one year in office if 10% of registered voters in a constituency support the petition. While recalls are not new, this is the largest wave in Taiwan’s history.
Supporters of the recall accuse KMT lawmakers of undermining democracy and aligning with China, citing controversial laws, defense budget cuts, and meetings with Chinese officials. The KMT denies the allegations, calling the recalls politically motivated and undemocratic.
At stake is Taiwan’s future direction—whether it continues on the DPP’s path of distancing itself from Beijing, or leans toward the KMT’s vision of closer ties with China. The recall could either empower Lai to advance policies such as increasing defense spending or leave him a weakened president amid rising regional tensions.
The result will also affect Lai’s standing with the Trump administration, especially during an upcoming U.S. transit stop en route to Paraguay. If successful, the DPP could gain an immediate majority by unseating 12 lawmakers or reclaim it via by-elections if six seats flip.
Defence Minister Richard Marles said in a statement that the bilateral treaty was signed with Britain’s Defence Secretary John Healey on Saturday after a meeting in the city of Geelong, in Victoria state.
“The Geelong Treaty will enable comprehensive cooperation on the design, build, operation, sustainment, and disposal of our SSN-AUKUS submarines,” the statement said.
The treaty was a “commitment for the next 50 years of UK-Australian bilateral defence cooperation under AUKUS Pillar I”, it said, adding that it built on the “strong foundation” of trilateral AUKUS cooperation.
Britain’s ministry of defence said this week that the bilateral treaty would underpin the two allies’ submarine programmes and was expected to be worth up to 20 billion pounds ($27.1 billion) for Britain in exports over the next 25 years.
NASA is under attack.’ Space agency employees and lawmakers protest mass layoffs, science cuts amid budget turmoil
NASA Employees Protest Budget Cuts, Warn of Irreversible Damage
On July 20, nearly 100 NASA employees, contractors, and supporters gathered outside the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum to protest sweeping budget cuts and layoffs. The demonstration coincided with the anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing and was organized by a grassroots group called NASA Needs Help. Protesters criticized the early implementation of President Trump’s 2026 budget proposal, which slashes NASA’s science programs by 50%, threatening over 40 missions and forcing workforce reductions.
Contractor Marshall Finch and others warned that the Deferred Resignation Program (DRP) is pressuring staff to quit, triggering a dangerous loss of institutional knowledge. Lawmakers, including Reps. Zoe Lofgren and Valerie Foushee, accused NASA leadership of acting unlawfully by enacting cuts before congressional approval, calling the move “offensive to our constitutional system.”
Resignations are mounting, including senior leaders like Goddard Center Director Mackenzie Lystrup. The Voyager Declaration, signed by 300 current and former NASA staff, condemns the agency’s “non-strategic” cuts and eroded mission integrity. Protesters voiced concern over impacts to STEM education, international collaboration, and U.S. technological leadership.
NASA has disputed some claims, including that press releases were being suppressed, but has not responded to broader allegations. Employees worry Congress may act too late to stop the damage.
“Every generation after us will pay for these decisions,” said Finch. “If NASA collapses, the cost won’t just be jobs—it’ll be lost innovation, science, and opportunity.”
Telegram Banned In Nepal: Here’s Why The Government Took This Decision
Nepal Blocks Telegram Amid Concerns Over Online Fraud and Money Laundering
Kathmandu – Nepal has officially blocked access to the messaging app Telegram in response to a surge in online scams, financial fraud, and money laundering. The move, announced on Friday by the Nepal Telecommunication Authority (NTA), is part of a broader effort to regulate digital platforms and safeguard users.
According to the NTA, Telegram has been linked to various criminal activities in Nepal, including fraudulent job offers, cryptocurrency scams, and the laundering of illicit funds. Authorities criticized the platform for failing to cooperate with law enforcement, prompting the immediate ban. This action echoes similar concerns raised by countries like Vietnam, which previously blocked Telegram due to the spread of harmful content and anti-state materials, though it later lifted the restriction.
Launched in 2013 by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, Telegram boasts over a billion users globally. Its strong encryption and large group broadcasting features have attracted those seeking privacy—but have also enabled misuse. In Nepal, Telegram’s popularity surged in recent years, but it became increasingly associated with cybercrime. Notably, it was linked to the hacking of F1 Soft, a key online payment platform used by Nepali banks.
Telegram responded with surprise, stating it has complied with legal requests and actively moderates fraudulent content.
This isn’t Nepal’s first tech crackdown. In 2023, the government banned TikTok over safety concerns but later reinstated it under regulatory conditions. As digital governance becomes a global challenge, Nepal’s latest move may influence how other nations approach platform accountability.
Thailand warns clashes with Cambodia could ‘move towards war’
Thailand-Cambodia Border Clashes Raise Fears of War
Tensions between Thailand and Cambodia have escalated dramatically, with Thai Acting Prime Minister Phumtham Wechayachai warning the ongoing border conflict could “move towards war.” Fighting has now spread to 12 locations, involving heavy weapons and causing at least 16 deaths and the displacement of tens of thousands.
Thailand accused Cambodia of targeting civilian areas and evacuated villages near the border. Cambodia, in turn, claimed Thailand used cluster munitions—banned in much of the world—though Thailand has not responded.
Despite global appeals for peace, Thailand insists third-party mediation is unnecessary. Its foreign ministry stressed the conflict must be resolved bilaterally, accusing Phnom Penh of aggression. Meanwhile, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Manet appealed to the UN Security Council, urging intervention to halt Thai attacks.
Both countries blame each other for triggering the latest clash, citing violations near disputed border temples. Their territorial dispute traces back over a century to post-colonial border definitions.
International concern is growing. The U.S., China, Australia, the EU, and France have all called for restraint and protection of civilians. The UN Security Council is expected to meet on the issue.
In border areas, thousands have fled. Evacuation centers in Thailand are sheltering families, many still traumatized by artillery fire. Elderly evacuees described the violence as worse than anything seen since the Cambodian Civil War. In deserted villages, a few men remain to guard homes amid ongoing shelling, underscoring the severe disruption this conflict has brought to life along the border.
Leadership of Sadvipras: Victory of All Classes
Sadvipras are vipras, kśatriyas, vaeshyas and shúdras all in one, hence the leadership of the sadvipras will mean the victory of every social class. If sadvipras control the nucleus of society, the social classes may attain some degree of prominence in social life, but they will never be able to become the absolute rulers.
Shri P R Sarkar
(Problems of the Day)
THE END
July 19, 2025
Medical Research
Healthy babies born from DNA of three people to prevent inherited diseases
Eight healthy babies have been born in the U.K. using a pioneering fertility technique that incorporates DNA from three individuals, aiming to prevent the transmission of rare mitochondrial diseases. These disorders, caused by faulty mitochondrial DNA, can lead to severe conditions including muscle weakness, seizures, organ failure, and early death. The innovative procedure replaces defective mitochondria in a mother’s egg with healthy ones from a donor, while preserving the parents’ nuclear DNA.
Reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, experts from Newcastle University and Australia’s Monash University performed the technique in embryos from 22 women. Eight healthy births have resulted, with one pregnancy ongoing. While one baby had a slightly higher level of abnormal mitochondria, it was still considered safe, though continued monitoring is recommended.
This approach, legal in the U.K. since 2016 and also allowed in Australia, remains restricted in countries like the U.S. due to concerns about heritable genetic modifications. Scientists emphasize that the donor’s genetic contribution is minimal—less than 1%—and does not influence the baby’s traits.
The development marks a significant advance for families at high risk of passing on mitochondrial diseases, particularly when standard embryo testing is insufficient. Advocates, including Liz Curtis of the Lily Foundation, whose daughter died from such a disease, welcome the breakthrough as a vital option for families facing otherwise devastating outcomes.
The U.K.’s fertility regulator has approved 35 patients to undergo the procedure, which remains limited to those with the highest risk of transmitting mitochondrial conditions.
Burkina Faso military rulers scrap electoral commission, taking control of future polls
Burkina Faso’s military rulers have disbanded the country’s electoral commission calling it a waste of money.
The interior ministry will handle elections in the future, state-run RTB TV reported.
Since seizing power in September 2022, the coup leaders have initiated sweeping reforms, including the postponement of elections which would lead to a return to civilian rule.
A nationwide vote was due last year, but the junta extended the period of transition to democracy until July 2029, allowing leader Capt Ibrahim Traoré to remain in power and free to contest the next presidential election.
The AFP news agency quotes Territorial Administration Minister Emile Zerbo as saying that the electoral commission was “subsidised” with around $870,000 (£650,000) a year.
Abolishing the commission would “reinforce our sovereign control on the electoral process and at the same time limit foreign influences”, he added.
After coming to power three years ago amid criticism that the civilian authorities were failing to deal with a growing Islamist insurgency, the military leaders have rejected the assistance of former colonial power France in favour of Russia.
Rights groups have since accused the army of targeting civilians in its attempt to quash the militants, as well as suppressing political activity and the freedom of expression.
There are also question marks over the effectiveness of the military operation. In the first half of 2025, jihadist group JNIM said it had carried out over 280 attacks in Burkina Faso – double the number for the same period in 2024, according to data verified by the BBC.
Volcanoes in multiple states in US have been rumbling. What’s going on?
Volcanoes across Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and Hawaii have recently shown increased seismic activity, sparking widespread media attention. However, geologists stress there’s no immediate cause for concern. “This is normal behavior for volcanoes,” said Natalia Ruppert, a seismologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. “Sometimes earthquake activity leads to eruptions, and sometimes it doesn’t.”
Most of the recent volcanic stirrings have been brief and minor. Currently, two volcanoes—one in Hawaii and one in Alaska—are actively erupting but pose no significant threat. These events are natural occurrences in a geologically active region and aren’t directly connected. “The seismic zones are thousands of miles apart,” Ruppert noted.
Mount Rainier in Washington experienced over 300 small earthquakes in early July—the most significant swarm ever recorded there, though not unprecedented. In Alaska, three volcanoes—Great Sitkin, Iliamna, and Mount Spurr—have shown activity, ranging from lava eruptions to swarms of small quakes. All are being closely monitored.
Offshore Oregon, the underwater Axial Seamount is expected to erupt sometime in 2025, tracked closely by scientists using seafloor instruments.
These volcanoes lie along the Ring of Fire, a highly active zone encircling the Pacific Ocean, formed by tectonic plate subduction. It’s the most earthquake- and volcano-prone region in the world.
Meanwhile, Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano continues low-level activity. Unlike the Ring of Fire volcanoes, Hawaii’s were formed by a stationary hotspot in the Earth’s mantle, over which the Pacific Plate slowly drifts, creating a chain of volcanic islands still growing today.
Japan launches climate change monitoring satellite on mainstay H2A rocket’s last flight
The H-2A rocket lifted off from the Tanegashima Space Center in southwestern Japan, carrying the GOSAT-GW satellite as part of Tokyo’s effort to mitigate climate change. The satellite was released into a planned orbit about 16 minutes later
On June 29, 2025, Japan successfully launched the GOSAT-GW satellite aboard its H-2A rocket, marking the rocket’s 50th and final flight. Liftoff occurred at the Tanegashima Space Center following several days of delays due to electrical issues. Sixteen minutes after launch, the satellite was deployed into its planned orbit. The mission reflects Japan’s ongoing commitment to combating climate change, with GOSAT-GW set to monitor greenhouse gases and water cycle data. The satellite will begin distributing high-resolution data, including sea surface temperature and precipitation, within a year to international partners like the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
The H-2A, developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and operated by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries since 2007, has had an impressive record—49 successful launches out of 50 since its 2001 debut. It has played a pivotal role in Japan’s space program, carrying notable missions such as the SLIM moon lander and Hayabusa2 asteroid probe. As it retires, the H-2A will be succeeded by the more advanced H3 rocket, which is designed to carry larger payloads at roughly half the cost. Despite its rocky start, the H3 has now completed four successful launches and is central to Japan’s strategy to remain competitive in the global satellite launch market. Alongside the smaller Epsilon rocket, Japan aims to serve a wider range of customers while enhancing national security and technological leadership in space.
Children living in ‘Dickensian’ poverty, commissioner warns
Children in England are living in conditions described as “Dickensian,” according to Children’s Commissioner Dame Rachel de Souza. Her latest report, based on interviews with 128 children, reveals harrowing experiences—such as infestations of rats, lack of basic hygiene, and families viewing bacon as a luxury. She has urged the government to abolish the two-child benefit cap, which limits support for third or subsequent children born after April 2017.
The commissioners for all four UK nations jointly called for two urgent measures: ending the benefit cap and increasing all child-related benefits annually. They stressed the urgency, stating that in 2025, it is unacceptable for any child to lack essentials like food, heating, clothing, and safe housing.
A government spokesperson said they remain committed to reducing child poverty and have announced a £1 billion support package, including funding for out-of-term food programs. However, critics say this is not enough. Shelter’s Mairi MacRae blamed unaffordable housing for trapping families in poverty, while Barnardo’s CEO Lynn Perry warned of the return of malnutrition-related diseases like rickets.
Labour’s Meg Hillier and others highlighted severe overcrowding, while Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson said lifting the cap is still under review. Meanwhile, opposition parties including the Liberal Democrats, SNP, and Greens have called for the cap’s removal. The Institute for Fiscal Studies estimates scrapping it could lift 500,000 children out of poverty at a cost of £3.4 billion annually.
The government is expected to publish its child poverty strategy in the autumn.
How biodegradable microplastics affect agricultural ecosystems
In recent years, biodegradable plastics have emerged as possible alternatives to traditional plastics, but their impacts on agricultural fields remain unclear. A team led by Dr. Tida Ge from Xinjiang University and Ningbo University investigated how microplastics affect soil and plant growth, focusing on both traditional (polypropylene \[PP], polyethylene \[PE]) and biodegradable (polycaprolactone \[PCL], polybutylene adipate terephthalate \[PBAT]) plastics. Using peas as the test crop, they added microplastics to soil at 0%, 0.1%, and 1% concentrations and monitored plant development across seedling, flowering, and maturity stages.
Plastic pollution, especially in agriculture, poses growing concerns as microplastics can alter soil structure and microbial activity, affecting nutrient uptake in crops. The study found that PBAT, a biodegradable plastic, promoted pea root growth—0.1% PBAT increased root biomass by 35.3%, possibly by enhancing microbial activity and nutrient availability. In contrast, traditional microplastics had mixed effects. For example, 1% PP reduced above-ground biomass by 43.4%, while 0.1% PP increased it by 126.1% during flowering. PE also boosted biomass, with 88.0% and 68.7% increases at 0.1% and 1% doses, respectively.
The researchers noted that biodegradable plastics can enhance microbial nutrient cycling, whereas traditional plastics create microbial habitats without consistent benefits. All microplastic types increased microbial network complexity, which may influence ecological processes. However, once biodegradable carbon was depleted, competition between microbes and plants for nutrients intensified. The team emphasized the need for long-term studies to fully understand the ecological impacts of microplastics in agriculture.
To help butterflies adapt to increasingly erratic weather caused by climate change, the Wiltshire Wildlife Trust is trialling new habitat structures at its Coombe Bissett reserve. These “E-shaped” butterfly banks, developed with University of Cambridge ecologists, offer sunlit surfaces and shaded areas to help butterflies regulate their temperature—warming in cooler conditions and cooling during heatwaves. Traditionally, butterfly banks are “S-shaped” to maximize sun exposure, but with climate change bringing more extreme heat, the added shade is crucial.
The Trust is hopeful for a strong butterfly season in 2025 following a record-breaking warm spring. However, conservation lead Caroline Longley warns that overall butterfly numbers are declining sharply. She explains that butterflies are “indicator species” whose health reflects broader ecosystem conditions. Recent data backs this concern: eight species had their worst year on record in 2024, and total butterfly counts dropped by 600,000 compared to the previous year.
Longley attributes the decline to habitat loss from urbanization and agriculture, compounded by unpredictable weather. While early warmth can benefit some species, prolonged droughts may reduce food and nectar sources, threatening their survival. The chalk mounds mimic the natural chalk plains once common in Wiltshire, now lost in other parts of the UK, providing a tailored habitat for local species.
Ultimately, Longley emphasizes that the increasingly extreme and unpredictable weather patterns are a serious concern, signaling broader environmental stress across ecosystems—and the butterflies are a clear, visible warning sign.
Tokyo Announces 4-Day Workweek in Push to “Empower Women”—Will the World Follow?
Tokyo is cutting back the workweek—but not for the reasons you might expect. A new plan, backed by the city’s top official, could quietly reshape the workforce. One group, in particular, stands to gain the most from this bold move.
Beginning in April 2025, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government will implement a four-day workweek for its public sector employees, marking a major shift in labor policy aimed at improving work-life balance and advancing gender equity. Announced by Governor Yuriko Koike during a Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly session, the move is part of a broader work-style reform initiative designed to respond to Japan’s persistent labor shortages and societal changes.
Governor Koike highlighted that the shortened workweek is more than a matter of convenience—it represents a fundamental transformation in how government functions as an employer. By promoting flexible work arrangements, Tokyo hopes to set an example for the private sector and encourage broader societal adoption.
A key goal of the policy is to support women in the workforce, particularly those managing childcare and family responsibilities. “We will continue to review work styles flexibly so women don’t have to sacrifice their careers due to life events,” Koike stated. The reform is also seen as a response to demographic challenges such as Japan’s aging population and declining birthrate.
Although specific implementation details remain unclear, the symbolic impact of the announcement is significant. Tokyo’s decision challenges Japan’s traditionally rigid work culture, signaling a shift toward more sustainable, inclusive labor practices. By linking the reform to gender equality and workforce sustainability, Tokyo positions itself as a leader in redefining national work norms. This initiative may inspire other regions to follow suit, potentially reshaping the future of work across Japan.
Zelenskyy appoints a new prime minister for a war-weary Ukraine
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has appointed Yulia Svyrydenko as the new prime minister, replacing Denys Shmyhal, amid ongoing efforts to strengthen ties with the United States. Svyrydenko, 39, previously served as economy minister and played a key role in negotiating a recent U.S.-Ukraine minerals agreement designed to deepen American investment in Ukraine’s security and economic future.
Her appointment marks the first change in Ukraine’s head of government since Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022. Known for her diplomatic experience, Svyrydenko has represented Ukraine in talks on defense, sanctions against Russia, and post-war reconstruction. After her confirmation, she emphasized priorities such as expanding domestic weapons production and strengthening Ukraine’s defense industry.
Shmyhal, Ukraine’s longest-serving prime minister since 2020, will now serve as defense minister, replacing Rustem Umerov, who faced criticism over mismanagement. The leadership reshuffle is part of Zelenskyy’s broader strategy to inject new energy into the war effort while maintaining continuity in his administration.
Meanwhile, President Donald Trump, back in the White House, has endorsed a plan for European allies to purchase U.S. weapons for Ukraine. He also issued an ultimatum to Russian President Vladimir Putin, threatening tariffs on countries buying Russian oil unless a ceasefire is reached within 50 days.
Zelenskyy also nominated Olga Stefanishyna, the former minister for European integration, as Ukraine’s next ambassador to the U.S., signaling a continued push to reinforce the critical partnership between Kyiv and Washington amid shifting global attention.
Mediators present updated Gaza ceasefire proposal to Israel and Hamas, Axios reports
Qatar, Egypt, and the United States have presented an updated Gaza ceasefire proposal to Israel and Hamas, according to Axios. The new plan, discussed during ongoing negotiations in Doha since July 6, includes key changes: a scaled-back Israeli military withdrawal and a revised ratio of Palestinian prisoners to be released for each Israeli hostage. These updates aim to bridge gaps that stalled earlier talks.
Previously, Israel insisted on a 5 km buffer zone north of the Philadelphi Corridor along the Gaza-Egypt border. The latest proposal reduces this demand to 1.5 km, aligning more closely with Hamas’ position under the previous ceasefire. The Qatari Prime Minister is expected to meet Hamas leaders in Doha on Saturday to secure their agreement.
A U.S.-backed 60-day ceasefire is on the table, following a previous two-month truce that collapsed after Israeli strikes killed over 400 Palestinians on March 18. The conflict intensified in October 2023 after a Hamas attack killed 1,200 Israelis and took around 250 hostages. In response, Israel launched a large-scale military campaign that Gaza’s health ministry says has killed over 58,000 people, displaced the population, and sparked famine. Accusations of genocide and war crimes are under international review, though Israel denies them.
U.S. President Donald Trump met with Qatar’s Prime Minister on Wednesday to support the renewed push for peace. However, tensions remain high, with violence still reported, notably as Bedouin fighters continued to mobilize into Sweida, raising concerns about ongoing unrest.
If the human mind ideates intensely on pleasure yet does not become subservient to matter but instead controls the waves of matter with its own waves, matter will serve the human mind. Those who through incessant fight have acquired the mental capacity to control matter as they choose, are called kśatriyas. Struggle is the dharma of kśatriyas. They are imbued with indomitable vital force and are not symbolized by the black colour of darkness. They represent spiritedness. Their colour is blood-red. Kśatriyas spend all their energy controlling matter. They cannot think of or understand anything beyond matter. They protect society by laying down their lives and by taking the lives of others.
Shri P R Sarkar
Lecture on four varnas of the society
THE END
July 12, 2025
Education
Breaking barriers in science education for the visually impaired with chemistry you can feel, hear and smell
At the 75th Yusuf Hamied Chemistry Camp for Visually Challenged Students, held at IIT Bombay, chemistry was transformed into a rich, multisensory experience. Traditional visual experiments—like flame tests and ‘golden rain’ reactions—were reimagined to engage touch, sound, and smell, making science accessible to 59 visually impaired students from Mumbai, Nasik, Pune, and Solapur.
Organised with support from the Royal Society of Chemistry and funded by Yusuf Hamied of Cipla, the camp introduced a braille-translated handbook featuring six specially adapted experiments developed by IIT Bombay’s Chandramouli Subramanian. Volunteers guided students as they performed the activities independently, from the classic potato battery experiment—modified with a buzzer instead of an LED—to heating reactions like esterification, which required careful support.
Tactile kits with raised diagrams, textured materials, and braille labels enhanced learning, though their cost often limits widespread use. Subramanian’s team focused instead on adapting common curriculum experiments to be more inclusive.
Volunteers, like Devashish Bhave, even worked blindfolded to better understand the students’ perspective, ensuring instructions were clear and safe. His favorite activity was the Mentos and soda reaction—repeated 72 times—where students felt balloons inflate with released gas, a moment of shared wonder each time.
By the camp’s end, many students expressed newfound confidence and interest in science. “It was the first time I truly experienced chemistry,” said Saee, a participant. “Now I know I can do it—and I want to learn more.” The camp proved that with creativity and empathy, science truly can be for everyone.
NASA Layoffs To Affect Over 2,000 Senior Employees. Reason: Trump Budget Cuts
NASA is bracing for the departure of over 2,000 senior-level employees as part of a sweeping workforce reduction plan, raising concerns about a loss of critical expertise needed for upcoming lunar and Mars missions. According to internal documents cited by Politico, 2,145 of the 2,694 civil servants opting for early retirement, buyouts, or deferred resignations hold high-level roles requiring specialized skills or management experience. Among them, 875 are GS-15 employees—the agency’s top civil service grade.
The cuts align with a proposed 2026 White House budget that calls for a 25% reduction in NASA funding and over 5,000 staff cuts, potentially shrinking the agency to its smallest size since the 1960s. Most of the departing staff—1,818—are involved in science and human spaceflight, with the remainder in support functions like IT and finance.
All 10 of NASA’s regional centers are affected, with the Goddard Space Flight Center facing the largest impact (607 departures), followed by Johnson (366), Kennedy (311), and headquarters (307). Experts have voiced concern over the departure of core technical and managerial staff, warning of a major “experience drain” that could disrupt operations and delay mission timelines.
Some employees cited uncertainty around NASA’s leadership—due to the absence of a Senate-confirmed administrator—and fears of deeper future cuts as reasons for leaving. With only half of the targeted 5,000 positions eliminated so far, further involuntary layoffs may follow if enough staff do not opt for voluntary programs before the July 25 deadline.
Our solar system has a new mysterious visitor—what is it?
On July 1, scientists at a NASA-funded planetary defense facility detected something unusual in the shadow of Jupiter, approximately 420 million miles from Earth. It wasn’t a near-Earth asteroid or a typical comet. Its steep trajectory and exceptional speed revealed it was not native to our solar system. Astronomers confirmed it as an interstellar object—only the third ever discovered.
Spotted by the ATLAS (Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System) telescope in Chile, this celestial visitor offers a rare scientific opportunity. Unlike previous discoveries, it was observed while entering the solar system, giving researchers several months to study it closely.
“Telescopes worldwide will now track this object, giving us insights into the planetary system it came from,” said Sarah Greenstreet, an astronomer at the University of Washington. Interstellar objects are remnants from other star systems, possibly fragments of forming planets or destroyed moons. Their study could unlock clues about the diversity of planetary systems across the Milky Way.
The first known interstellar object, ‘Oumuamua, was discovered in 2017. Its odd shape and lack of cometary activity baffled scientists. The second, 2I/Borisov, appeared in 2019 and behaved more like a traditional comet. Both were detected late in their journeys, limiting research time.
This new discovery comes just ahead of the launch of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s 10-year sky survey, expected to increase such sightings. For now, this unexpected interstellar visitor offers a valuable window into worlds beyond our own—and a chance to deepen our understanding of the cosmos.
Nature-friendly farming boosts biodiversity and yields but may require new subsidies, trials indicate
Nature-friendly farming methods can boost both biodiversity and crop yields, but broader adoption may require increased government subsidies to rival the profitability of intensive agriculture, according to a major UK study. Led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) and Rothamsted Research, the four-year trial—published in the Journal of Applied Ecology—examined the ecological and financial impacts of agroecological practices across 17 commercial farms in southern England.
Researchers worked with farmers to test three systems: traditional intensive farming (business-as-usual), an “enhanced” ecological system using wildflower margins and overwinter cover crops, and a “maximized” system that added in-field wildflower strips and farmyard manure to improve soil health and insect habitats.
Results showed the ecological systems significantly increased biodiversity—more pollinators like bees and hoverflies, pest-controlling insects like ladybirds and spiders, and earthworms. These improvements led to higher yields in flowering crops such as oilseed rape, better pest control, and greater soil carbon, all indicators of long-term soil health.
Economically, the enhanced system matched the profitability of intensive farming—but only with current agri-environment subsidies. The maximized system yielded even better ecological results but was less profitable without additional support, due to higher costs and reduced productive land.
Lead author Dr. Ben Woodcock emphasized the need for policy backing: “Without new financial incentives, many farmers may stick with intensive methods, risking exposure to pesticide resistance, poor soil health, and climate impacts.” The study underscores that sustainable farming is achievable—but only with the right economic and policy support.
Wristband sensor provides all-in-one monitoring for diabetes and cardiovascular care
A new wearable wristband could revolutionize diabetes care by continuously monitoring not just glucose, but also key chemical and cardiovascular signals that impact health. Published in Nature Biomedical Engineering, the device features a painless microneedle array that samples interstitial fluid beneath the skin in real time, measuring glucose, lactate, and alcohol via embedded enzymes. The microneedle array is easily replaceable, minimizing infection risk and supporting extended use.
In addition to chemical monitoring, the wristband uses ultrasonic sensors to track blood pressure and arterial stiffness, while ECG sensors measure heart rate. These signals provide insights into cardiovascular health—critical for people with diabetes, yet rarely monitored outside clinical settings.
“Managing diabetes effectively involves more than tracking glucose alone,” said An-Yi Chang, co-lead author from UC San Diego. “This device helps users understand how factors like diet, alcohol, and exercise affect both blood sugar and heart health.”
Developed through collaboration between UC San Diego researchers Joseph Wang and Sheng Xu, the wristband integrates their expertise in chemical sensing and wearable ultrasound technologies. A connected smart device displays real-time data streams, offering users a dynamic view of how daily habits affect metabolic and cardiovascular health.
The wristband’s results closely matched commercial glucose meters, breathalyzers, and lactate monitors, while uniquely delivering continuous readings of cardiovascular data. This all-in-one tracking system may alert users to emerging health risks before symptoms arise.
Future plans include expanding sensor capabilities, powering the device with sweat or solar energy, and using AI to analyze user data for predictive insights.
Russia becomes first state to recognise Afghanistan’s Taliban government
Russia has become the first country to officially recognise the Taliban government in Afghanistan, drawing sharp criticism from Afghan opposition figures and rights groups. The move, nearly four years after the Taliban seized power in Kabul, is seen as a major diplomatic win for the regime.
Afghanistan’s Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi called Russia’s recognition a “courageous” decision and hoped it would encourage other countries to follow suit. He described it as a new phase of “mutual respect and constructive engagement.”
However, critics argue the move legitimises a regime that continues to impose severe restrictions on women and girls. Since 2021, Afghan women have faced widespread bans, including being barred from education beyond age 12, limited employment, and restrictions on travel without male guardians.
Former Afghan politician Fawzia Koofi warned that normalising relations with the Taliban “will not bring peace, but legitimise impunity,” adding it could threaten global security. The Afghan Women’s Political Participation Network condemned Russia’s decision as support for “an authoritarian, anti-women regime dismantling civil rights.”
Despite international sanctions and widespread condemnation of the Taliban’s human rights record, Russia has maintained close ties. It was among the few countries that kept its embassy open in Kabul in 2021 and signed an economic agreement in 2022 to supply oil, gas, and wheat. The Taliban was removed from Russia’s list of terrorist organisations in April 2024.
While most of the world has withheld recognition, countries like China, Pakistan, and the UAE have maintained diplomatic presence. Critics fear Russia’s move could pave the way for broader acceptance without significant reforms.
BRICS Summit signs historic commitment in Rio for more inclusive and sustainable governance
On July 6, leaders of the 11 largest emerging economies signed the Joint Declaration of the 17th BRICS Summit in Rio de Janeiro, titled “Strengthening Global South Cooperation for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance.” The declaration highlights the bloc’s commitment to multilateralism, international law, and a fairer global order. Following months of coordination, including over 200 meetings and the creation or strengthening of 200 cooperation mechanisms, the declaration outlines 126 commitments across politics, economy, health, and technology.
BRICS leaders pledged to deepen cooperation through three pillars: politics and security, economy and finance, and cultural and people-to-people ties. They emphasized peace, inclusive growth, sustainable development, and a more representative international system—urging greater participation from developing nations, especially in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean.
The declaration underscores the opportunities multipolarity offers to the Global South, despite rising geopolitical tensions, economic instability, and rapid technological shifts. It also stresses the importance of strengthening dialogue among developing nations to promote just and equitable governance.
In finance, leaders called for increased IMF quotas and World Bank shares for emerging economies, stressing that quota realignment must benefit developing nations.
On health, BRICS launched the Partnership for the Elimination of Socially Determined Diseases, and reaffirmed support for building a more inclusive and resilient global health system.
Artificial intelligence took center stage for the first time, with BRICS advocating global governance frameworks that promote inclusivity, trust, and equitable access to AI technologies.
On climate, the group backed the Tropical Forest Forever Fund and adopted a five-year roadmap to enhance resource mobilization for climate action ahead of COP30.
Finally, the leaders expressed concern over rising global military spending and reaffirmed their commitment to peace, conflict resolution, and sustainable development as essential foundations for a more stable and just world.
At least 23 dead after airstrike on Buddhist monastery in Myanmar
BANGKOK (AP) — An overnight airstrike on a Buddhist monastery in Myanmar’s central Sagaing region killed at least 23 civilians, including four children, according to resistance sources. The attack occurred around 1 a.m. on Friday in Lin Ta Lu village, where over 150 people were sheltering to escape ongoing conflict.
A resistance member, speaking anonymously, said a jet dropped a bomb on the monastery, also injuring about 30 people—10 critically. The Democratic Voice of Burma reported that the death toll could be as high as 30, though that figure remains unconfirmed. Myanmar’s military has yet to comment but has previously claimed it targets only legitimate threats, often labeling resistance groups as terrorists.
Sagaing, a stronghold of anti-junta forces, has seen intensified conflict since the military ousted the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi in February 2021. The junta has increasingly relied on airstrikes, against which resistance fighters have no effective defense.
The attack follows a large-scale offensive near Lin Ta Lu involving tanks and aircraft aimed at retaking territory from resistance forces. Thousands of villagers, displaced by the fighting, had sought refuge in places like the monastery.
Opposition spokesperson Nay Phone Latt said the military aims to consolidate power ahead of a widely criticized general election later this year.
Dalai Lama confirms he will have a successor after his death
Exiled Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama has confirmed that the 600-year-old institution will continue after his death, ending speculation over its future. In a video message broadcast during his 90th birthday celebrations in Dharamshala, India, he declared that his successor would be appointed solely by the Gaden Phodrang Trust, the office of the Dalai Lama, and that “no one else has any authority to interfere.”
This reaffirmation comes amid tensions with China, which claims the right to select the next Dalai Lama. Beijing quickly rejected the statement, insisting any successor must be born within China and approved by the Chinese government.
Traditionally, Dalai Lamas are reincarnated, and the process of identifying the next one is deeply spiritual and significant for Tibetans. The Dalai Lama emphasized that his reincarnation must be born outside China, a stance strongly opposed by Beijing.
Thousands, including monks and dignitaries, gathered in Dharamshala for his birthday celebrations. Followers expressed relief at the announcement, calling it a moment of joy and defiance against Chinese influence.
Tibet scholars see the Dalai Lama’s message as a subtle assertion of Tibetan autonomy, with legitimacy grounded in community support rather than political force. Meanwhile, China is expected to name its own Dalai Lama, a move that Tibetans-in-exile and many in the global community are likely to reject as illegitimate.
Those who have a correct philosophy and a correct spiritual sádhaná based on the principles of Yama and Niyama will be the guiding personalities in the society of tomorrow. It is the duty of conscious people to snatch away the physical power and the intellectual leadership from the hands of political hypocrites. Politicians are of no use to society because they are engaged in the business of mudslinging and nothing else.
Shri P R Sarkar
Discourses on Prout
17-22 October 1959, Jamalpur
THE END
July 5, 2025
Natural Calamity
Firefighters race to contain wildfires in Greece as thousands evacuated, 2 die in Turkey
Wildfires have triggered widespread evacuations across southern Europe, with Greece, Turkey, and Syria grappling with fast-spreading blazes fueled by strong winds and extreme heat. On the Greek island of Evia, the villages of Tsakeoi and Limnionas were evacuated after a fire erupted late Friday. Over 160 firefighters, 46 fire trucks, and five aircraft were deployed in southern Evia, a region already on high alert due to forecasted gale-force winds.
Wildfires are also burning near Athens, as Greece faces another dangerous summer season marked by dry conditions and early heatwaves. Similar weather patterns across the continent have been linked to at least nine deaths so far.
In Crete, a separate wildfire broke out in the village of Achlia on Wednesday, forcing more than 1,500 residents and tourists to flee their homes and hotels. Many evacuees were relocated to safer accommodations, including a basketball arena. Officials reported the blaze in Crete was mostly under control by Friday.
Meanwhile, wildfires have spread along Turkey’s western coast, with at least five fires reported in Izmir. The blazes have killed two people and prompted mass evacuations. The fires, intensified by low humidity and high winds, also crossed into Syria. New flames were reported near Dortyol in Turkey’s Hatay province, close to the Syrian border.
As southern Europe battles ongoing wildfires, authorities across the region remain on high alert, bracing for further flare-ups amid worsening climate conditions.
Meanwhile, hundreds of firefighters, supported by aircraft and helicopters, were deployed to battle a wildfire near the Aegean coastal town of Cesme, a popular vacation destination about 190 kilometers (120 miles) west of Odemis.
World Central Kitchen aid trucks have reached our teams in Gaza for the first time in over 12 weeks. As of today, we have resumed cooking at select kitchens, a critical step toward increasing meal production to meet the urgent need of displaced Palestinians.
With the ingredients that reached our facility, our teams are focused on preparing nourishing and warm carb-rich meals such as pasta and hearty potato stews. Almost 10,000 meals were cooked on the first day of resumed operations.
On May 7, WCK was forced to halt cooking across all large-scale kitchens and our mobile bakery after a complete depletion of food supplies. This pause marked a devastating moment in our response, cutting off a vital source of daily nourishment for families already facing extreme hardship.
This first aid shipment is an important milestone, but the effects of prolonged hunger do not disappear overnight. Hunger leaves deep physical and psychological scars—and even as meals begin again, the damage caused by extended access disruptions continues to impact families and communities.
We are grateful to once again cook for the people of Gaza—but our continued ability to do so is not guaranteed. Our teams stand ready to scale efforts, but consistent and sustained humanitarian access is essential. Without it, feeding communities safely and effectively is impossible.
Since our response began in October 2023, WCK has served more than 133 million meals across Gaza.
Watch Blue Origin to launch 6 people to suborbital space today on NS-33 spaceflight
Blue Origin has successfully launched 6 passengers to space an back on NS-33. See our full wrap story on the launch, photos and video.
Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin plans to launch six people to suborbital space Sunday, after a round of weather delays last weekend.
The mission — known as NS-33, because it will be the 33rd overall flight of the company’s New Shepard vehicle — was originally scheduled to lift off from Blue Origin’s West Texas site on Saturday (June 21) morning. But Mother Nature didn’t cooperate; high winds forced a scrub. The launch was then targeted for Sunday at 8:30 a.m. EDT (1230 GMT; 7:30 a.m. local Texas time). But the weather didn’t cooperate again.
Now, Blue Origin has set a new liftoff target for Sunday, June 29, at 10:38 a.m. EDT (1438 GMT; 9:38 a.m. local Texas time).
New Shepard is an autonomous, fully reusable vehicle that consists of a first-stage booster and a crew capsule. Its flights last 10 to 12 minutes from liftoff to capsule touchdown; passengers get to experience a few minutes of weightlessness and see Earth against the blackness of space.
The people going up on the NS-33 mission are Allie and Carl Kuehner, a husband and wife who are both into conservation and exploration; philanthropist and beekeeper Leland Larson; entrepreneur Freddie Rescigno, Jr.; lawyer and author Owolabi Salis; and retired attorney Jim Sitkin.
NS-33 will be Blue Origin’s 13th human spaceflight mission overall and its fourth of 2025 so far. (Most of the company’s flights have been uncrewed research missions.)
The company first launched people to the final frontier on July 20, 2021, the 52nd anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing. Bezos and his brother Mark went up on that landmark New Shepard flight, along with aviation pioneer Wally Funk and Dutch student Oliver Daemen.
Scientist behind Brazil’s ‘Micro Green Revolution’ wins 2025 World Food Prize for reducing fertiliser use
Brazilian microbiologist Mariangela Hungria has been awarded the 2025 World Food Prize for her groundbreaking work in sustainable agriculture, particularly through the use of microbial technologies and biological nitrogen fixation. The $500,000 award, presented on May 13 by the World Food Prize Foundation, honors Hungria’s four-decade career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), during which she developed over 30 microbial innovations that have transformed farming practices across Brazil.
Hungria’s research enabled crops like soybeans, maize, wheat, rice, and beans to absorb nutrients from soil bacteria, significantly reducing the need for chemical fertilisers. Her work in biological nitrogen fixation—where soil microorganisms convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants—has helped farmers increase yields while lowering environmental impact and cutting input costs. Brazilian farmers now save up to $40 billion annually thanks to these advances.
Soybean production in Brazil soared from 15 million tonnes in 1979 to an anticipated 173 million tonnes in 2025, largely due to her innovations. Hungria was also the first to isolate strains of Azospirillum brasilense to enhance nitrogen uptake and plant hormone levels. When used alongside rhizobia, these microbes doubled yield increases in soybeans and beans.
Over 70 million doses of her microbial inoculants are used annually across 15 million hectares of farmland. Hungria has now expanded her work to restoring degraded pastures, creating the first microbial inoculant for grasslands—boosting biomass by 22% and improving cattle forage.
Inspired by Norman Borlaug, she calls her work a “Micro Green Revolution,” harnessing the power of microorganisms to ensure global food security.
$90 million gone: Who hacked Nobitex, Iran’s largest cryptocurrency exchange?
A hacker group reportedly linked to Israel has stolen over $90 million from Nobitex, Iran’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, in a politically charged cyberattack. According to blockchain analytics firms, the group known as Gonjeshke Darande (“Predatory Sparrow” in Farsi) claimed responsibility for the breach, releasing the full source code of the company and declaring on Telegram, “Assets left in Nobitex are now entirely out in the open.”
The attack appears to be politically, rather than financially, motivated. The stolen funds were transferred to wallets that posted messages condemning Iran’s Revolutionary Guard. Some of these wallets burned the funds, indicating the primary goal was to send a message rather than profit from the theft.
The hacker group accused Nobitex of aiding the Iranian government in circumventing Western sanctions, and of transferring funds to sanctioned groups such as the Houthis in Yemen and Hamas. Blockchain research firm Elliptic corroborated this, stating that cryptocurrency wallets tied to Iranian allies had interacted with Nobitex. It also reported that relatives of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and operatives of the Revolutionary Guard had connections to the platform.
This breach followed a separate cyberattack on Iran’s state-run Bank Sepah earlier in the week, where Gonjeshke Darande claimed to have destroyed critical data. The group has a history of cyber operations targeting Iranian infrastructure, including attacks on gas stations in 2021 and a steel mill in 2022.
While Israeli media frequently link the group to Israeli intelligence, the Israeli government has not officially confirmed any affiliation.
Sharjah Mango Festival 2025: Over 150 varieties on display in Khorfakkan
Sheikh Saeed bin Saqr Al Qasimi, Deputy Chief of Sharjah Ruler’s Office in Khorfakkan, inaugurated the fourth annual Mango Festival on Friday at Expo Khorfakkan.
Held under the theme “Mango: Our Fruit, Our Wealth,” the three-day event is organised by the Sharjah Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI) alongside the Municipal Council of Khorfakkan and Khorfakkan City Municipality.
Record participation and international delegations
This year’s festival is the largest and most significant edition to date, with over 33 local farmers and several agriculture and fertilization companies participating. Delegations from Saudi Arabia, Oman, Pakistan, and Uganda further highlight the event’s expanding international presence.
Sheikh Saeed toured the exhibition, where farmers from across the UAE showcased more than 150 mango varieties.
Over 150 mango varieties on display
Following the opening ceremony, Sheikh Saeed toured the exhibition, where farmers from across the UAE showcased more than 150 mango varieties. The event celebrated Khorfakkan and the Eastern Region’s advances in agriculture, with mango cultivation emerging as a key economic driver for Sharjah.
Israel killed at least 14 Iranian scientists ‘not because they knew physics but…’: Israeli envoy to France
Paris – Israel has reportedly killed at least 14 Iranian nuclear scientists in a series of targeted strikes, a move Israeli officials claim will significantly set back Iran’s nuclear programme. Speaking to the Associated Press, Israel’s Ambassador to France, Joshua Zarka, said the assassinations, alongside extensive airstrikes and U.S. bunker-busting bomb attacks, would make it “almost” impossible for Iran to weaponize any remaining nuclear infrastructure or material. “The fact that the whole group disappeared is basically throwing back the programme by a number of years,” he asserted.
Among the dead were physicists, chemists, engineers, and explosives experts—key figures involved in Iran’s alleged nuclear weapons development. Nine were killed in the initial Israeli strikes on June 13, according to the Israeli military.
However, nuclear analysts and European officials caution that such actions cannot erase Iran’s nuclear knowledge. UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy told Parliament that military strikes alone cannot eliminate the expertise Iran has accumulated over decades. “Strikes cannot destroy the knowledge, nor any regime’s ambition to deploy that knowledge,” he said.
Experts note that Iran still has a pool of trained scientists who can step in, even if they are less experienced. Mark Fitzpatrick of the International Institute for Strategic Studies emphasized that “blueprints will be around, and the next generation of Ph.D. students will figure it out.”
How long it takes Iran to rebuild depends on whether Israeli and U.S. strikes destroyed Iran’s enriched uranium stockpiles and sensitive equipment. Pavel Podvig, a Geneva-based nuclear analyst, warned the campaign could have chilling effects: “Where do you stop? Killing students who study physics?”
Still, Ambassador Zarka believes the message was clear: future scientists will now think twice before joining Iran’s nuclear efforts.
Boosting girls’ education in the Central African Republic is key
At the start of the new school year in Bambari, capital of the Ouaka prefecture in the Central African Republic, 17-year-old Yassifette proudly checked her name on the student enrollment list—this time with her daughter in her arms. Forced to leave school in 2023 due to early pregnancy and lack of financial support, she is now back, thanks to a scholarship from the World Bank-funded Human Capital and Empowerment of Women and Girls Project, locally known as Maïngo (“development” in Sango).
In the Central African Republic, over 30% of girls drop out of primary school, with the rate rising to 40% in rural areas due to poverty and early pregnancy. The Maïngo project combats these challenges by providing financial support to help girls stay in school through secondary education. Yassifette used her 75,000 CFA grant to buy supplies, pay school fees, and even start a small business.
At Bambari High School, where nearly half the girls enrolled in 2022-2023 dropped out, the gender gap remains stark. “Parents often prioritize boys’ education,” says Mayor Abel Matchipata. To change this, local associations like the Association of Educating Mothers (AME) identify beneficiaries and raise awareness among families. “Pregnancy should not be a reason to stop studying,” says Elvine Mamadou, AME Secretary and school principal.
The program’s Making Schools Accessible for Girls initiative has reached 98 primary and 21 secondary schools. In 2023-2024 alone, 1,528 girls in Ouaka received scholarships worth CFAF 115 million, while nationally, 10,476 girls have benefitted, with total funding nearing CFAF 786 million.
With continued support, girls like Yassifette and others can pursue education, contributing to lasting change for their families and communities.
Poor lifestyle habits nearly double your chance of developing AFib
A recent study published in the American Journal of Preventive Cardiology has found that adults with poor scores on Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) are significantly more likely to develop atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common type of heart arrhythmia. Conducted by researchers in Boston, the study evaluated how adherence to heart-healthy habits—measured by the LE8 score—impacts AF risk and all-cause mortality.
LE8, an updated version of the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7, includes eight components: diet, physical activity, smoking, sleep, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose. Unlike its predecessor, LE8 incorporates sleep as a critical factor in cardiovascular health.
The study analyzed data from 3,161 adults aged 45 and older, drawn from the Framingham Heart Study Omni 1 and Offspring cohorts. Participants were tracked for up to 10 years. Researchers found that those with poor LE8 scores had more than double the incidence rate of AF—17.2 per 1,000 person-years—compared to 7.9 for those with ideal scores. Individuals with intermediate scores had a rate of 10.3, but their risk was not significantly different from those with ideal scores.
The components most strongly associated with AF risk included high BMI, poor blood glucose control, and elevated blood pressure. In contrast, better scores in smoking, physical activity, and glucose were linked to lower mortality risk. Surprisingly, moderate non-HDL cholesterol levels showed a protective effect in component-specific analysis.
No significant effect modification by age was found, and the study also linked poor LE8 scores with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. However, limitations include a primarily older, white population and some self-reported data, which could introduce bias.
The findings suggest that maintaining strong cardiovascular health through LE8’s metrics could be key to preventing AF and improving long-term health outcomes.
A spiritual aspirant should not do spiritual practices to become omniscient. Rather, a spiritual aspirant is to perform spiritual practices to satisfy Parama Puruśa in the form of Parama Guru. That is why it has been rightly said: Guru krpá hi kevalam [“The grace of the Guru is everything”].
There is no difference between the pineal and pituitary glands of males and females, but there may be differences in the other glands. This is why those who say that women are not entitled to spiritual salvation are wrong. Men and women are equally entitled to spiritual salvation.
Shri P R Sarkar
3 June 1987, Calcutta
Published in Awakening of women
THE END
June 21, 2025
Culture: World Yoga Day
US: Indian embassy hosts Yoga session at Lincoln Memorial; envoy calls it a celebration of India’s civilizational heritage
Washington, DC: The Indian Embassy hosted a vibrant yoga session at the historic Lincoln Memorial on Thursday, drawing a large crowd of Indian diaspora and local residents ahead of the International Day of Yoga on June 21.
India’s Ambassador to the US, Vinay Mohan Kwatra, highlighted the event as a celebration of India’s ancient civilisational heritage. “It’s a wonderful day to experience the power of yoga and the unity it brings,” he said.
The session was led by Acharya Govind Brahmachari, who emphasized yoga’s deeper meaning beyond physical fitness. “Yoga is about inner freedom and oneness with the universe. The postures, or asanas, are part of a holistic system that helps support mental and emotional well-being,” he explained.
Dr. Smita Patel, a participant, praised the initiative, saying, “As a physician, I see yoga as essential. It reduces anxiety, helps depression, and boosts children’s focus.”
Acharya Madhuvartanand Avdhut from Ananda Marga described yoga as a multifaceted system combining asanas, philosophy (Yog Darshan), and spiritual practice (Yog Sadhana), rooted in ancient teachings from Lord Shiva.
This year’s theme, “Yoga for One Earth, One Health,” highlights the interconnection between personal and planetary well-being. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will lead India’s national celebrations from Visakhapatnam, with nearly 5 lakh participants. Over 3.5 lakh locations across India will host simultaneous Yoga Sangam events.
Citizen engagement drives like Yoga with Family and Yoga Unplugged aim to further youth and digital participation, marking yoga’s rise as a global movement for health and harmony.
Yoga Day 2025 in UAE: 30,000 to Participate Across 37 Locations
Over 30,000 yoga enthusiasts are expected to take part in the UAE’s grand celebration of International Yoga Day on June 21, 2025. The event will span 37 locations across the country, including iconic landmarks like Burj Khalifa, Dubai Frame, Louvre Abu Dhabi, and Expo Centre Sharjah.
Ahmed Ibrahim, President of the UAE Yoga Committee and Vice Chairman of the Asian Yogasana Federation, described it as one of the biggest yoga events in the country’s Year of Community. “We are working with yoga centres across the UAE to make this a truly national celebration,” he said.
Themed ‘Yoga for One Earth, One Health’, the main event in Abu Dhabi will be held at the ADNEC, with Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan as chief guest. Indian tennis legend Sania Mirza will attend as guest of honour.
The Indian Consulate in Dubai will also host a major event at Expo Centre Sharjah, expecting over 5,000 participants. Additional venues include malls, parks, schools, and labour camps, reflecting a strong push toward community engagement and wellness.
“This is about uniting people through well-being,” said Ibrahim. “We’re weaving yoga into UAE’s cultural fabric.”
UN Ocean Conference 2025 in Nice: A Global Call for Ocean Protection
The 3rd United Nations Ocean Conference, co-hosted by France and Costa Rica in June 2025 in Nice, marked a major milestone in global marine conservation. Over 175 countries, including 60 heads of state, gathered alongside scientists, NGOs, and civil society to advance Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14: Life Below Water. The conference culminated in the adoption of the Nice Action Plan, reaffirming global support for the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ) and committing €8.7 billion in marine protection and research investments.
Oceans, covering 70% of the Earth’s surface, are vital to climate regulation, biodiversity, and the livelihoods of over 3 billion people. However, they face threats from overfishing, plastic pollution, acidification, and rising sea levels. The conference addressed these challenges through key outcomes:
Nice Action Plan: Over 800 voluntary commitments promoting sustainable ocean economies, banning harmful subsidies, and advancing marine research.
High Seas Treaty: With 50 ratifications so far, this treaty aims to regulate biodiversity beyond national jurisdictions. India is expected to ratify it by year-end.
Marine Protected Areas: Global coverage will expand beyond 10%, with a goal of 30% by 2030.
India reaffirmed its commitment to the Blue Economy and marine biodiversity through initiatives like the Deep Ocean Mission and SAGAR vision. It was urged to accelerate treaty ratification, expand MPAs, and ensure environmentally responsible deep-sea mining.
The conference emphasized science diplomacy, climate integration, and equity, especially for coastal communities and Small Island States. As UN Secretary-General António Guterres noted, it’s time to shift from “plunder to protection” of our oceans — a shared global responsibility.
The 51st G7 Summit took place from June 15–17, 2025, in Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada, hosted by Prime Minister Mark Carney. This high-level gathering of the world’s leading democracies—Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, the US, and the EU—focused on global challenges under the theme: Protecting Communities and the World; Energy Security and Digital Transition; Partnerships of the Future.
Key discussions centered on global trade, AI governance, climate action, and geopolitical conflicts. The summit opened amid rising tensions between Israel and Iran, shifting attention to regional security. G7 leaders affirmed Israel’s right to self-defence, blaming Iran for destabilizing the region. However, divisions surfaced—particularly between US President Donald Trump and French President Emmanuel Macron—over peace efforts in Gaza.
Trade developments included a new US–UK post-Brexit deal, although disputes over steel tariffs persisted. Canada and the US also initiated talks to resolve tariff issues. On AI, Canada launched a new Ministry for AI and reaffirmed ethical frameworks from past summits. India, as an invited partner, championed “responsible AI,” deepfake regulation, and showcased UPI and Aadhaar as digital governance models.
Climate and energy security were addressed amid Canada’s record wildfires. Discussions emphasized renewable transition, clean energy supply chains, and climate finance. India reiterated its leadership in meeting Paris targets and promoted the International Solar Alliance.
Though internal divisions limited stronger consensus on Ukraine and climate, the summit reinforced cooperation in digital governance, critical minerals, and migration. Prime Minister Modi’s sixth G7 appearance highlighted India’s growing strategic role, especially as a bridge between the Global South and major economies.
Under shadow of Trump warning, Africa pioneers non-dollar payments systems
Africa Advances Local Currency Trade Amid Global Tensions
Africa’s long-held goal of shifting cross-border trade away from the U.S. dollar is gaining momentum, promising significant cost savings and stronger economic independence. The Pan-African Payments and Settlement System (PAPSS), launched in 2022, now operates in 15 countries and connects 150 commercial banks. It enables local currency transactions across African borders—cutting reliance on the dollar and reducing transaction costs from up to 30% to just 1%.
Mike Ogbalu, CEO of PAPSS, clarified that Africa’s motivation is not political de-dollarisation but economic necessity. “African economies face a shortage of global currencies to settle trade. We need practical alternatives,” he said. Today, intra-African payments often route through foreign banks, increasing costs and limiting regional trade. According to MCB Group, 84% of Africa’s trade is with external partners, largely due to these barriers.
The International Finance Corporation has begun offering loans in local currencies to African firms, aiming to reduce risks tied to dollar-denominated debt. IFC Vice President Ethiopis Tafara noted, “Hard currency loans become burdens if businesses don’t earn in dollars.”
Yet Africa’s push has global implications. U.S. President Donald Trump has reacted aggressively to any movement away from the dollar. When BRICS nations discussed alternative currencies, Trump threatened 100% tariffs, signaling resistance to any shift in global financial dominance.
Despite Africa’s economic rationale, experts warn that its efforts may be seen through a geopolitical lens, especially as countries like China and Russia promote similar goals. Still, with South Africa pushing this agenda during its G20 presidency, Africa is positioning itself as a serious advocate for homegrown financial systems. As Lesetja Kganyago, South Africa’s central bank governor, stated: “To function as a continent, we must begin trading and settling in our own currencies.”
Texas could soon ban THC products. The state’s booming cannabis industry is fighting back
Texas Hemp Industry Faces Uncertain Future Amid THC Ban Bill
In Austin, Texas, hemp farmer Holden Hylander tends to over 3,000 plants destined for legal THC products like gummies. But their future is at risk. A bipartisan bill, SB3, now on Governor Greg Abbott’s desk, would ban the sale and possession of most THC consumables in Texas. If signed or left unvetoed by June 22, the law will take effect in September, potentially wiping out a booming $5.5 billion industry.
The controversy stems from federal and state laws passed in 2018 and 2019 that legalized low-THC hemp products. These opened the door for sales of compounds like delta-8 and delta-9 THC. While legal under the 0.3% delta-9 THC limit, such products have faced criticism for being too accessible and potent. Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick, a leading voice behind the ban, says they pose health risks, especially to children.
Opponents argue the bill will devastate over 5,500 hemp retailers and tens of thousands of jobs, pushing demand into the black market. Industry leaders, veterans, farmers, and advocates have rallied against SB3, delivering a petition with over 100,000 signatures to Abbott. They emphasize that most businesses operate responsibly under strict regulations.
Supporters of the ban cite rare but serious health incidents, including cases of cannabis-induced psychosis. Critics, however, call the bill an overreach and say it punishes responsible users and businesses. With reforms to Texas’ medical cannabis program also passed, debate continues over whether SB3 addresses safety or stifles progress and economic opportunity.
UK parliament votes for assisted dying, paving way for historic law change
UK Parliament Approves Assisted Dying Bill in Historic Vote
LONDON, June 20 — In a landmark decision, Britain’s parliament voted 314-291 on Friday to approve the “Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life)” bill, setting the stage for one of the country’s most significant social reforms in decades. The proposed law would allow mentally competent, terminally ill adults in England and Wales with six months or less to live the option to end their lives with medical assistance.
The bill now moves to the House of Lords for detailed scrutiny, where changes are possible but outright rejection is unlikely, given its strong support in the elected House of Commons.
The vote, taken as a free conscience vote, saw backing from Prime Minister Keir Starmer, though his Labour government remained officially neutral. Advocates argue the bill offers dignity and compassion to those suffering, while critics warn it could pressure vulnerable individuals to end their lives prematurely.
Outside parliament, supporters celebrated with cheers and hugs, while opponents stood silently. Emma Bray, 42, who has motor neurone disease and plans to starve herself to avoid suffering, welcomed the vote, saying, “This result will mean that people will not have to go through the same suffering I have faced.”
Despite strong public support, the bill has drawn criticism for reducing original safeguards, including replacing court oversight with a panel of professionals. Critics, including religious leaders and medical professionals, fear unintended consequences for the vulnerable and worry it may hinder investment in palliative care.
Still, the bill’s sponsor, Labour MP Kim Leadbeater, insists the legislation maintains “some of the strongest protections in the world.”
US FDA approves Gilead’s twice-yearly injection for HIV prevention
FDA Approves Long-Acting HIV Prevention Injection, But High Costs Raise Concerns
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Gilead Sciences’ twice-yearly HIV prevention injection, Lenacapavir, branded as Yeztugo, marking a significant milestone in the fight against HIV. Unlike existing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) options that require daily pills, Lenacapavir offers long-lasting protection, with studies showing it reduces HIV transmission risk by more than 99.9%.
In two major clinical trials, the drug demonstrated exceptional effectiveness. A study involving over 2,000 women in sub-Saharan Africa showed a 100% infection prevention rate, while another with men and gender-diverse individuals recorded only two infections. Side effects were generally mild, including injection site reactions and headaches. The drug’s success earned it “Breakthrough of the Year” recognition from Science magazine.
Despite its promise, Lenacapavir’s price is raising concerns. Gilead has set a U.S. list price of over $28,000 per year, prompting criticism from health experts and advocates. Liverpool University’s Andrew Hill noted that the drug could be produced for as little as $25 annually, calling the current price unsustainable even in wealthy countries.
While Gilead has signed licensing deals with six pharmaceutical firms to eventually produce generics in 120 low- and middle-income countries, rollout will take time. To bridge the gap, the company struck a deal with the Global Fund to provide doses for two million people. However, future supply could be threatened by funding cuts to PEPFAR, a key U.S.-backed HIV program.
UN official Winnie Byanyima praised the innovation but warned: “Lenacapavir can only end HIV if it’s affordable and widely accessible.”
Decide in 30 days or resign without severance’: Amazon asks employees to relocate closer to their teams
Amazon is giving thousands of U.S. employees an ultimatum: relocate to designated office hubs or resign. According to Bloomberg, the tech giant is requiring staff on certain teams to move to locations in Seattle, Arlington (Virginia), or Washington, D.C. The directive affects a portion of Amazon’s 350,000 corporate employees, part of its broader workforce of 1.56 million worldwide.
An Amazon spokesperson told Bloomberg that the relocation push has been ongoing for over a year and is aimed at boosting team effectiveness by bringing colleagues physically closer. However, the policy has sparked anxiety among employees. One worker reported being given 30 days to decide whether to relocate, followed by 60 days to complete the move — or face termination without severance.
Instead of mass communication, Amazon is informing staff through individual meetings and internal town halls. The approach, while personal, has left many feeling blindsided, especially as some will be required to move across the country.
The relocation mandate comes amid rising fears about job security at Amazon. CEO Andy Jassy recently told employees that the company’s workforce could shrink in the coming years due to AI automation. Already, Amazon has integrated AI into warehouse operations and customer service, and plans to spend $105 billion on capital expenditures this year, with much of it directed toward AI development.
In addition, Amazon has enforced stricter in-office policies, requiring employees to work on-site five days a week. Since 2022, the company has laid off more than 27,000 employees in cost-cutting efforts.
Israel-Iran conflict: Fresh attacks as Trump sets two-week deadline for U.S. action
Israel-Iran War Enters Second Week with Escalating Strikes and Diplomatic Efforts
The second week of the Iran-Israel conflict saw intensified military exchanges and diplomatic efforts to prevent further escalation. Israel launched new airstrikes on Iranian sites, including a nuclear research facility in Isfahan. Local authorities confirmed damage but reported no casualties. Israeli forces also killed three senior Iranian commanders, including one linked to Hamas operations, as part of ongoing efforts to degrade Iran’s military infrastructure. Iran responded with a fresh barrage of missiles and drones, most of which were intercepted, although several struck southern Israeli cities, including Beersheba.
According to reports, Israeli strikes have killed at least 657 people in Iran, including 263 civilians, and wounded over 2,000. In Israel, retaliatory Iranian attacks have claimed 24 lives. An Israeli military official stated that more than half of Iran’s launchers have now been destroyed, creating a “bottleneck” in Iran’s missile operations.
Diplomatic discussions are underway in Geneva, where Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi met with European counterparts. While Araghchi expressed openness to dialogue, he firmly warned against U.S. military involvement, calling it “very dangerous.” Meanwhile, President Donald Trump said he would decide within two weeks whether the U.S. would strike Iranian nuclear facilities, amid mounting global pressure for a peaceful resolution.
Simultaneously, Israel continues its offensive in Gaza. Overnight airstrikes killed at least 84 people, with over 1,000 wounded in 48 hours, according to local health authorities. The Gaza Health Ministry reported more than 200 bodies brought to hospitals recently. As Israel faces simultaneous wars on multiple fronts, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed that military operations against Iran would continue until the threat is eliminated.
2025 NATO Summit (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
2025 NATO Summit: A Crucial Test for Unity Amid Global Tensions
The 2025 NATO Summit in The Hague (June 24–25) arrives at a pivotal moment. With rising global threats and internal divisions, leaders aim to reinforce NATO’s strength, fairness, and deterrent capabilities. Yet, behind closed doors, major disagreements loom—particularly around U.S. engagement under President Trump, whose critical stance continues to unsettle allies.
Key on the agenda is a proposed increase in defense spending to 5% of GDP, replacing the current 2% target set in 2014. European leaders support a phased approach—3.5% on military defense and 1.5% on infrastructure and cyber. But many allies may struggle to meet this, and Trump’s demand for more from underperforming nations adds pressure.
Support for Ukraine, once a rallying point, is now more uncertain. While NATO has condemned Russia’s aggression since the 2022 invasion, U.S. ambivalence may water down the final communique. Ukraine’s role at the summit will likely be limited, reflecting a cautious attempt to avoid provoking Trump.
Geopolitical threats remain high, with Russia escalating hybrid warfare and intelligence chiefs warning of potential large-scale conflict by decade’s end. Meanwhile, NATO’s cohesion is tested by Trump’s criticism of key allies and threats of withdrawal from commitments. Though U.S. officials reaffirm support, proposals to reduce American presence in Europe and pivot toward the Indo-Pacific raise doubts.
Ultimately, NATO hopes for an uneventful summit to project unity. Yet beneath the surface, questions about its future persist—as do concerns that Trump’s rhetoric could redefine the transatlantic alliance for years to come.
The right wing of the pituitary plexus controls the qualities, attributions and quanta of the leftistic propensities, which are a little more than 400 in number. The left wing of the pituitary plexus controls the qualities, attributions and quanta of the rightistic propensities, which are also a little more than 400 in number. The total is a little less than 850. When both sides of the pituitary plexus are fully developed and fully utilized, one attains apexed intellect.
There is no difference between the pineal and pituitary glands of males and females, but there may be differences in the other glands. This is why those who say that women are not entitled to spiritual salvation are wrong. Men and women are equally entitled to spiritual salvation.
Sri P R Sarkar
The Grace of the Guru, 3 June 1987, Kolkata
Published in: Who Is the Real Guru?
THE END
June 14, 2025
Employment
Procter & Gamble to cut 7,000 jobs, exit brands as consumer uncertainty weighs
Procter & Gamble (P\&G), the world’s largest consumer goods company, announced plans to cut 7,000 jobs—roughly 6% of its global workforce—over the next two years. The layoffs are part of a broader restructuring effort aimed at adapting to a turbulent economic environment shaped by global instability and U.S. tariffs. The company also plans to exit certain product categories and brands in specific markets, including some potential divestitures.
P\&G executives described the move as an “intentional acceleration” of their ongoing strategy to remain competitive amid mounting global and consumer uncertainty. Speaking at the Deutsche Bank Consumer Conference in Paris, CFO Andre Schulten and COO Shailesh Jejurikar pointed to geopolitical unpredictability and fragile consumer confidence as key challenges.
The company anticipates a \$600 million before-tax impact in fiscal 2026 from current tariffs, which have fluctuated frequently in recent months. The broader trade conflict, driven in part by U.S. tariffs under President Donald Trump, has cost companies at least \$34 billion in lost sales and increased expenses, according to Reuters.
To offset these pressures, P\&G has raised prices on select products and plans to streamline operations by simplifying its organizational structure—broadening roles and reducing team sizes. The restructuring is expected to generate charges of \$1 billion to \$1.6 billion, with about 25% being non-cash.
P\&G has already exited the Argentina market, restructured operations in Nigeria, and sold off the Vidal Sassoon brand in China along with other regional brands. While 90% of its products sold in the U.S. are domestically produced, the company still relies on imports from China for raw materials and packaging.
Shares fell by around 1% following the announcement, with the stock remaining largely flat over the past year.
Texas lawmakers have passed House Bill 6, granting schools greater authority to discipline students in response to rising classroom disruptions post-pandemic. The legislation, approved by both chambers and now awaiting the governor’s signature, extends the duration of in-school suspensions beyond the current three-day limit. Principals will be required to review each suspension every 10 days, while students will continue their coursework in separate classrooms on campus.
A major shift in the bill allows schools to issue out-of-school suspensions for students who repeatedly disrupt class or pose a threat to others—regardless of age or housing status. This change rolls back previous protections enacted in 2017 and 2019, which restricted suspensions for students experiencing homelessness and those in early grades. Now, even kindergarten through third-grade students can face such suspensions, though schools must document the disruptive behavior involved.
The bill also revises policies on alternative education settings. Previously mandatory for students caught vaping, alternative placement will now be discretionary for first-time offenders. Additionally, schools are now permitted to provide remote instruction in these programs, despite concerns that virtual learning contributed to academic setbacks during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Senator Charles Perry, who led the bill’s efforts in the Senate, emphasized the need for stronger disciplinary tools. “We’ve reached a crisis point,” he stated, arguing that HB 6 strikes a necessary balance. With the House’s recent approval of Senate amendments in a 114-19 vote, the bill is expected to be signed into law soon.
South Korea’s new President Lee vows to revive democracy from ‘near demise’
Lee Jae-myung Sworn in as South Korea’s President, Pledges Democratic Revival and Economic Reforms
South Korea’s new liberal president, Lee Jae-myung, was sworn in on Wednesday following a decisive win in a snap election triggered by former President Yoon Suk Yeol’s ousting over a failed martial law attempt. Lee secured 49.4% of the nearly 35 million votes cast—marking the highest turnout since 1997—defeating conservative rival Kim Moon-soo.
In his inaugural speech at parliament, where he once leapt over barricades to resist Yoon’s decree, Lee vowed to restore democracy and revive the economy amidst global protectionist pressures. “A Lee Jae-myung government will be a pragmatic, pro-market government,” he said, promising deregulation, support for small businesses, and a focus on reducing living costs.
Lee faces a challenging agenda, including addressing U.S. trade tensions, reengaging with North Korea, and managing South Korea’s strategic ties with China and Japan. He emphasized peace with Pyongyang and maintaining a strong alliance with the U.S., calling peace “the best security.”
The White House welcomed the election as “free and fair” and reaffirmed its commitment to the U.S.–South Korea alliance. However, it warned against foreign—particularly Chinese—interference in democratic systems.
Lee has also pledged to transition towards renewable energy and nominated veteran lawmaker Kim Min-seok as prime minister. Meanwhile, South Korean markets responded positively, with the KOSPI index rising over 2%, fueled by hopes for economic reform.
Analysts say Lee’s first major test will be negotiating with the U.S. on tariffs imposed under former President Donald Trump—an issue unresolved under the interim government.
Talks between the United States and China concluded with a tentative deal, President Donald Trump announced on Truth Social, stating it was “done, subject to final approval from President Xi and me.” Under the agreement, China will resume exports of rare earth metals and magnets to the U.S., while the U.S. will ease threats to revoke visas for Chinese students.
The two-day talks in London followed a fragile truce reached in May after escalating tariffs brought trade between the two nations to a near standstill. While the latest announcement marks progress, the limited scope highlights doubts over the effectiveness of Trump’s aggressive tariff strategy in securing comprehensive trade agreements.
Trump said he plans to announce new tariff terms for multiple countries within weeks, ahead of a July 9 deadline. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent confirmed some tariff pauses may be extended to allow continued negotiations. The agreement does not alter the core terms of the May truce, which saw tariffs lowered but not removed.
Chinese and U.S. officials referred to the new agreement as a framework to implement earlier consensus reached during a phone call between Trump and Xi and at a Geneva meeting. However, key issues remain unresolved, including U.S. controls on semiconductor exports and China’s mineral export delays.
Despite optimism from U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and minimal market reaction, analysts remain cautious. “This deal is narrow in scope and incomplete,” said analyst Terry Haines, warning it falls short of a broader resolution to the U.S.-China trade conflict.
Over 240 Dead in Air India Crash: Worst Aviation Disaster in a Decade
In one of the deadliest aviation disasters in a decade, an Air India Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner crashed shortly after take-off from Ahmedabad on Thursday, killing more than 240 people. The flight, bound for London’s Gatwick Airport, had 242 passengers and crew on board. Only one person survived.
The plane crashed into a medical college hostel during lunchtime, creating a scene of devastation. Survivor Ramesh Vishwashkumar, a British national seated in 11A, recounted the horror: “Thirty seconds after take-off, there was a loud noise. The lights flickered green and white, and then we crashed.” Vishwashkumar managed to crawl from the wreckage, saying, “I saw people dying in front of me.”
The crash occurred at 1:39 p.m. local time, minutes after a Mayday signal was received by air traffic control. The cause of the crash is under investigation, with a focus on the aircraft’s GE Aerospace GEnx engines, flaps, and landing gear. India’s Civil Aviation Minister confirmed that the flight data recorder (black box) has been recovered, though the cockpit voice recorder remains missing.
Boeing has sent a team to support India’s Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau, with U.S. and U.K. officials also joining the probe. Tata Group, Air India’s owner, announced compensation of £86,000 for each victim’s family under the Montreal Convention.
Pope Leo XIV extended condolences, offering prayers for the victims and those aiding recovery. Meanwhile, another Air India flight from Phuket to Delhi made an emergency landing due to a bomb threat, though all 156 onboard were unharmed.
This tragedy has reignited concerns over aircraft safety and maintenance protocols, with calls for greater oversight of the Boeing 787 fleet in India.
Lincolnshire Show Returns for 140th Year to Celebrate Rural Life
The Lincolnshire Show is set to return for its 140th edition, continuing its rich tradition of celebrating the county’s rural heritage, farming culture, and local produce. Around 60,000 visitors are expected to attend the two-day event, including 6,000 schoolchildren and over 500 exhibitors.
Originally launched in 1869 by the Lincolnshire Agricultural Society to unite farmers and rural businesses, the show has grown into one of the county’s most anticipated annual events. This year’s edition will feature the beloved livestock and equine competitions, along with a special royal visit.
What to Expect:
The Lincolnshire Show is a vibrant showcase of rural life, featuring trade stands with cutting-edge agricultural machinery, displays of regional produce, and a wide variety of family-friendly entertainment. Attendees can enjoy livestock shows, equestrian events, and interactive exhibits, offering something for all ages and interests.
Event Details:
Dates: Wednesday 18 June and Thursday 19 June
Time: Gates open at 08:00 BST; the show concludes at 18:00 both days
Location: Lincolnshire Showground, Grange de Lings, Lincoln, LN2 2NA
Access: All trade stands and concessions will remain open until closing time each day
Whether you’re a farmer, foodie, or family looking for a great day out, the Lincolnshire Show promises a lively celebration of countryside tradition and innovation.
Corn-based material introduced for biodegradable packaging
Corn Next Unveils CornNext-17: A New Era in Biodegradable Packaging
Biotech firm Corn Next has launched CornNext-17, a corn starch-based material developed through a natural fermentation process. This USDA and BPI-certified bioplastic is fully biodegradable, breaking down within 30 days in natural environments—without requiring industrial composting. Free from PFAS, it’s safe enough for birds to eat and even serves as fish food when dissolved in water, according to fractional CFO David Xu.
Initially launched in China, Corn Next is relocating its operations to Decatur, Illinois, to be near Archer Daniels Midland, which will supply its corn starch feedstock. Proximity to research institutions like the University of Illinois is another factor driving the move, which is expected in the second quarter of the year.
CornNext-17 is positioned as an alternative to PLA and PHA bioplastics but boasts faster decomposition and no chemical additives. The production process is energy-efficient, requiring no added heat. The material’s strength has also been refined over several iterations—it now resists disintegration for 45 minutes in hot water and up to two hours in cold water, with graphene-enhanced versions lasting even longer.
The company is currently producing around 1 ton daily, with plans to scale up to 20–30 tons per day once operations shift to Illinois. Though primarily a material supplier, Corn Next manufactures sample items such as straws, trays, and spoons to showcase CornNext-17’s versatility. The bioplastic can also be used in films, bags, medical packaging, and even automotive or electronics parts, all manufacturable with minimal adjustments to existing production lines.
WHO’s Big Push to Integrate Traditional Medicine into Global Healthcare Framework
WHO’s Global Strategy to Integrate Traditional Medicine into Modern Healthcare
At the 78th World Health Assembly, the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a landmark Traditional Medicine Strategy (2025–2034), aiming to integrate traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) into global healthcare systems. This decision, welcomed by countries across Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, acknowledges the vast contribution of ancient healing traditions while emphasizing scientific validation.
More than 80% of the global population uses some form of traditional medicine, yet much of it remains unregulated and under-researched. WHO’s strategy seeks to close this gap by urging countries to invest in scientific research, develop national frameworks, and ensure rigorous regulation. The plan supports integrating traditional practices, such as acupuncture and herbal medicine, only if proven safe and effective through modern scientific methods.
However, the EU voiced concerns about quality, safety, and the risk of promoting unverified practices. Civil society groups, like Medicus Mundi, criticized the strategy’s bias towards Western scientific paradigms, warning it could marginalize indigenous knowledge rooted in spirituality and culture.
Despite WHO’s strong push, the strategy lacks concrete funding commitments. It encourages member states to allocate resources, while WHO focuses on technical guidance—a reflection of its current financial strain. India remains a notable exception, pledging $85 million to establish the WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine.
The initiative also calls for safeguarding indigenous rights, equitable benefit-sharing, and combating fraudulent claims. Delegates from island nations and countries like Thailand and Comoros stressed the need to protect authentic practices and improve regulation.
Ultimately, the strategy marks a major step in acknowledging traditional medicine’s role in achieving universal health coverage. Yet, its success hinges on balancing scientific integrity, cultural respect, and sustainable funding across diverse global contexts.
UN General Assembly adopts Gaza ceasefire resolution by overwhelming majority
The UN General Assembly has adopted a resolution condemning the use of starvation as a weapon of war and calling for urgent humanitarian action in Gaza, following the Security Council’s failure to pass a similar measure due to a US veto on June 4.
The resolution, introduced by over 20 countries, passed with overwhelming support: 149 Member States voted in favor, 12 against, and 19 abstained. The United States and Israel were among those opposing, joined by Argentina, Hungary, and Paraguay. India, Ethiopia, Georgia, Ecuador, and Romania were among the abstentions.
While not legally binding, General Assembly resolutions carry strong moral and political weight. The adopted text demands a ceasefire, the immediate release of hostages, and an end to Israel’s blockade on Gaza, emphasizing the need for full humanitarian access and adherence to international law.
Speaking at the special session, Assembly President Philémon Yang condemned the Security Council’s inaction and described the situation in Gaza as “unacceptable.” He highlighted the ongoing suffering, including deprivation of food, medicine, and water, and the continued captivity of hostages. He also pointed to a high-level meeting in New York next week, led by France and Saudi Arabia, as a potential step toward renewed peace efforts.
The resolution reaffirms the protection of civilians, accountability for violations, and respect for UN and humanitarian personnel. It also supports the International Court of Justice’s advisory opinion on Israel’s obligations and urges all countries to ensure compliance with international law, particularly regarding the humane treatment of detainees and protection of medical facilities and workers.
One of the most obvious defects of democracy is that voting is based upon universal suffrage. That is, the right to cast a vote depends on age. Once people reach a certain age, it is assumed that they have the requisite capacity to weigh the pros and cons of the issues in an election and select the best candidate. But there are many people above the voting age who have little or no interest in elections and are not conversant with social or economic issues. In many cases they vote for the party rather than the candidate and are swayed by election propaganda or the false promises of politicians. Those who have not reached the voting age are often more capable of selecting the best candidate than those who are entitled to vote. So, age should not be the yardstick for voting rights.
–P. R. Sarkar June 1986, Calcutta From PROUT in a Nutshell, Vol. 4, Part 21
THE END
May 31, 2025
IT
The World’s First AI-powered Law Firm
Garfield AI: The World’s First Fully AI-Operated Law Firm
Garfield AI has made history as the first fully AI-powered law firm approved by the UK’s Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA). Built by experienced litigator Philip Young and quantum physicist Daniel Long, Garfield AI delivers legal services without human lawyers, offering automated solutions like debt recovery letters for as little as £2. Its goal is to make legal support faster, more affordable, and accessible to everyone.
Operating as an Alternative Business Structure (ABS), Garfield AI uses advanced machine learning to generate legal documents and assist with simple disputes, data protection issues, and contract matters. The system works entirely online—clients enter case details, and legal documents are generated in minutes, all without appointments, consultations, or high fees.
The SRA’s authorisation follows a detailed review of Garfield AI’s risk management and consumer protection frameworks. While the regulator does not endorse AI as a full replacement for lawyers, it has allowed Garfield AI to operate within existing legal standards. The firm is closely monitored to ensure ongoing compliance and service quality.
Garfield AI addresses a long-standing issue: many individuals and small businesses avoid seeking legal help due to cost and complexity. With legal document services starting at just £2, the firm aims to bridge this gap and expand access to justice.
Founders Young and Long combine legal expertise with cutting-edge AI design. Young ensures the system adheres to professional standards, while Long manages the technology’s performance and development. Their collaboration reflects a shared vision: to redefine how legal services are delivered.
Garfield AI is not offering legal representation but focuses on early-stage legal support. Its low-cost, tech-driven approach is a significant shift in the legal landscape, potentially reshaping how people access and afford basic legal services.
Elon Musk leaves Trump Highlights: Tesla chief exits US govt, frustrated DOGE ‘gets blamed’ for everything
Elon Musk Steps Down from Trump Administration Role
On May 28, Elon Musk announced his departure from the Trump administration, marking the end of his tenure as head of the U.S. Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE). Musk served as a Special Government Employee, a short-term designation for experts brought in to advise the government. His term began on January 20 and was set to conclude after 130 days, as per U.S. ethics rules.
Posting on X, Musk wrote, “As my scheduled time as a Special Government Employee comes to an end, I would like to thank President @realDonaldTrump for the opportunity to reduce wasteful spending. The DOGE mission will only strengthen over time.”
In an interview with The Washington Post a day earlier, Musk voiced frustration over DOGE becoming a scapegoat: “Whenever something goes wrong anywhere, we get blamed—even if we have nothing to do with it.”
DOGE was introduced to streamline government operations, but its future remains uncertain. When asked in April about its continuity without Musk, Trump said agency heads had learned from the initiative but admitted, “At a certain point, I think it will end.”
Musk now returns to focusing on his companies, Tesla and SpaceX.
Africa needs a coordinated approach to internationalisation
Africa’s Youth Call for Action on Internationalising Higher Education
Young people across Africa are eager to access the global opportunities internationalised education offers. Despite their enthusiasm, most universities on the continent lack coherent strategies to advance internationalisation. Both students and young researchers increasingly seek involvement in global research networks and innovation ecosystems, highlighting the urgent need for structured frameworks at institutional, national, and continental levels.
At a recent webinar hosted by the Association of African Universities, experts urged African higher education leaders to prioritise crafting internationalisation masterplans. These should be built on an analysis of local challenges and strengths—such as multilingualism, indigenous knowledge, and Africa’s youthful population. While funding is vital, the emphasis should first be on leadership, policy development, and structural frameworks.
Professor Felix Maringe noted that universities often struggle with prioritisation, and leadership is frequently disconnected from students and faculty. Panellists agreed that institutional leaders must leverage Africa’s unique strengths, including promoting local languages and knowledge systems, to shape meaningful internationalisation strategies.
A continental framework—supported by national and institutional policies—was proposed to coordinate efforts and avoid fragmentation. Dr Afolake Olanbiwoninu and Professor Khaled Tamzini stressed the need for monitoring systems, diversified funding, and alignment with initiatives like Agenda 2063 and CESA 26-35.
Experts also highlighted opportunities through virtual internationalisation, such as joint online courses and curriculum partnerships. Building local capacity first, while learning from global models, was seen as key to success.
Africa’s existing open and distance learning institutions, like UNISA and others, provide a strong foundation for expanding international education access.
Venezuela held an election for an oil-rich region. The main problem is it belongs to another country
On Sunday, Venezuela held elections for a governor and lawmakers in the disputed Essequibo region, which is internationally recognized as part of Guyana. Although the region’s 125,000 residents—15% of Guyana’s population—did not vote, Venezuelans chose a governor, six national assembly deputies, and seven regional legislators to represent Essequibo. The election, strongly condemned by Guyanese officials and the U.S., is the latest escalation in a long-standing territorial dispute.
Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro first proposed the vote after a 2023 referendum in which Venezuelans supported creating a new state, “Guayana Esequiba,” within the territory. Guyana called this an attempt at annexation and a serious threat to its sovereignty. The country, with a small army of under 5,000 soldiers, lacks the means to counter potential Venezuelan aggression and has sought greater military cooperation with the U.S.
Ahead of the vote, Maduro referred to Essequibo as Venezuela’s 24th state. Meanwhile, Guyanese President Irfaan Ali denounced the election as “scandalous” and reaffirmed Guyana’s claim over the territory, which it has administered since independence in 1966. The U.S. also condemned the vote as a “sham.”
Venezuela claims historical rights to Essequibo dating back to the Spanish colonial era, rejecting the 1899 international arbitration that defined current borders. Guyana brought the matter to the International Court of Justice in 2018, which recently ordered Venezuela not to hold elections in the region. Caracas, however, dismissed the court’s jurisdiction.
To assert sovereignty, Guyana hosted a large patriotic concert in Essequibo, affirming: “Essequibo is Guyana’s.”
India’s Banu Mushtaq makes history with International Booker win
Indian writer, lawyer, and activist Banu Mushtaq has made history as the first Kannada-language author to win the International Booker Prize for her short story collection Heart Lamp. Translated into English by Deepa Bhasthi, who shares the £50,000 prize, Heart Lamp is also the first short story anthology to receive the prestigious award. The collection, written between 1990 and 2023, highlights the resilience of Muslim women in southern India. Judges praised the book’s characters as “astonishing portraits of survival.”
In her acceptance speech, Mushtaq said, “No story is ever small,” adding that literature allows us to “live inside each other’s minds.” Bhasthi, now the first Indian translator to win the prize, expressed hope that the win would spur more translations of Kannada and other regional languages.
Mushtaq’s literary journey is rooted in personal struggle. Born in a conservative Muslim community in Karnataka, she defied expectations by pursuing education and a writing career. Her early work was published during a difficult marriage, which she has spoken about with rare candor. Her stories reflect this spirit of resistance—women who persist through quiet acts of defiance.
She has written six story collections, a novel, and essays, and worked as a journalist and lawyer. Known for her fearless commentary on gender and religious conservatism, Mushtaq has faced threats, including a fatwa. Still, she remains committed to writing about the lives of marginalized women. Her win, following Geetanjali Shree’s in 2022, signals growing global recognition of Indian regional literature.
Australia faces inflation, agriculture losses after Cyclone Alfred
The Australian government has warned of significant economic impacts following Cyclone Alfred, which struck in late February and caused extensive damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and dairy industries. The horticultural sector was among the worst hit, with strong winds toppling orchard trees and floods inundating farms in northern New South Wales. As of mid-March, damages were estimated at A\$17 million.
Dairy farmers suffered heavy losses, dumping thousands of liters of milk due to power outages and delivery disruptions. However, rice crops benefited from the heavy rainfall, which improved growing conditions after a dry start to the year.
Treasurer Jim Chalmers projected up to A\$1.2 billion in GDP losses, citing business shutdowns and the loss of around 12 million work hours. The cyclone is also expected to fuel inflation, particularly through rising building costs and food prices.
Over 63,000 insurance claims have been filed across New South Wales and Queensland. While the cyclone’s damage was less than feared, recovery will take time, according to the Insurance Council of Australia.
The Climate Council emphasized that climate change intensified Cyclone Alfred, with record sea surface temperatures and rising sea levels increasing flood and wind damage, particularly in areas not designed to withstand such events.
A new variant of COVID-19 may be driving up cases in some parts of the world, WHO says
COVID-19 cases are rising again as a new variant begins to circulate in some parts of the world. The World Health Organization said Wednesday the rise in cases is primarily in the eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and western Pacific regions.
Airport screening in the United States has detected the new variant in travelers arriving from those regions to destinations in California, Washington state, Virginia and New York.
The new variant is called NB.1.8.1. It arrives as the United States’ official stance on COVID-19 vaccination is changing. On Tuesday, Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. announced that COVID-19 shots are no longer recommended for healthy children and pregnant women — a move immediately questioned by several public health experts.
The new variant, increasing globally, had by mid-May reached nearly 11% of sequenced samples reported. The WHO has designated it a “variant under monitoring” and considers the public health risk low at the global level with current vaccines expected to remain effective.
The AP’s Jennifer King reports world health officials say a new, more transmissible covid variant is driving up cases.
The WHO said some western Pacific countries have reported increases in COVID cases and hospitalizations, but there’s nothing so far to suggest that the disease associated with the new variant is more severe compared to other variants.
NASA Study Shows Antarctic Ice Growth Despite Rising Global Temperatures: How It Happened
Despite ongoing global warming, Antarctica has recently experienced a modest increase in ice in some regions, according to NASA satellite data. A new study published in Science China Earth Sciences by researchers from Tongji University in Shanghai found that while the continent lost significant ice between 2002 and 2020, there was a temporary gain between 2021 and 2023. However, scientists stress that this gain is not a sign of reversing climate change.
The study suggests that increased precipitation—likely due to a warmer atmosphere holding more moisture—led to heavier snowfall, which contributed to the short-term ice growth. While Antarctica’s ice levels naturally fluctuate, researchers noted that the recent growth had slowed again by early 2024. Ice levels have now returned to what they were in 2020 but still fall short of pre-2002 levels.
Environmental scientist Tom Slater, who was not part of the study, explained that this pattern isn’t unusual. Warmer climates can bring more snow, but that doesn’t negate the broader trend of melting. “The recent snowfall has temporarily offset ice losses, but these losses continue, and this isn’t expected to mark a long-term change,” he said.
From 2002 to 2010, Antarctica lost about 81 billion tons of ice per year. That figure nearly doubled to 157 billion tons annually between 2011 and 2020. In contrast, between 2021 and 2023, the ice sheet gained approximately 119 billion tons per year, with several eastern glaciers showing notable mass recovery after earlier rapid losses.
For a third consecutive day, Palestinians in southern Gaza have taken to the streets to protest against Hamas, risking severe consequences in a region where public dissent is often brutally suppressed. Videos circulating on social media show hundreds of demonstrators chanting, “Out! Out! Out! All of Hamas, out!”—a rare and dangerous show of defiance in the Gaza Strip.
Activists say the protests began in Khan Younis on Monday, led by young people and later joined by residents queuing for food, still holding cooking pots. The unrest was sparked in part by resurfaced comments from Hamas official Sami Abu Zuhri, who called the war with Israel “eternal” and dismissed civilian losses, saying more children would be born for each martyr.
Discontent has grown over Hamas’s handling of the conflict, with protesters accusing the group of exploiting Gaza’s suffering. Videos show demonstrators shouting that Hamas has sold their blood “for a dollar.”
One protester, “Alaa,” told the BBC that fear of Hamas is fading in the face of relentless hunger, displacement, and bombings. He, like many others, has been forced to relocate repeatedly and has no shelter. Alaa, once jailed for opposing Hamas, said resistance in Gaza predates the group and will survive without it.
Despite widespread risks—including beatings, abductions, and killings—public opposition to Hamas is mounting. Lawyer Moumen al-Natour, co-founder of the protest group We Want to Live, said exhaustion from constant displacement is fueling the revolt. Over 57,000 people have been displaced in southern Gaza since mid-May, amid intensifying Israeli airstrikes and evacuation orders.
Operation Sindoor Diplomacy: Two Indian teams leave for Japan, UAE in global outreach against terror
On May 21, two multi-party delegations departed on parallel diplomatic missions as part of India’s Operation Sindoor, aimed at presenting a unified stand against cross-border terrorism, particularly involving Pakistan. One delegation, led by JD(U) MP Sanjay Jha, is touring East Asia, while the other, headed by Shiv Sena MP Shrikant Shinde, is visiting the UAE and parts of Africa.
Prior to departure, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri briefed both teams on India’s counter-terrorism stance and Pakistan’s alleged complicity, citing the April 22 Pahalgam massacre that claimed 26 civilian lives. Jha emphasized that India’s global message would be one of zero tolerance: “Enough is enough.”
Jha’s group will visit Japan (May 22), South Korea (May 24), Singapore (May 27), Indonesia (May 28), and Malaysia (May 31). The delegation includes MPs from across party lines—BJP, TMC, CPI(M), and Congress—alongside diplomat Mohan Kumar.
Shinde’s team will travel to the UAE (May 21), the Democratic Republic of Congo (May 24), Sierra Leone (May 28), and Liberia (May 31). This group includes BJP MPs, a BJD representative, IUML’s ET Mohammed Bashir, and Ambassador Sujan Chinoy, reflecting India’s bipartisan resolve to counter terrorism on the world stage.
The social system that will come into being, keeping parallelism and harmony with time, space and person, will be called progressive socialism. Our Prout is that very progressive socialism. Society will have to make provisions to ensure an increase in the living standard of every individual. When progressive socialism is established within the framework of democracy, then democracy will be successful. Otherwise, government of the people, by the people and for the people will only mean government of fools, by fools and for fools.
Shri P R Sarkar
Dialectical Materialism and Democracy
Published in:
A Few Problems Solved Part 2
The Great Universe: Discourses on Society [a compilation]
Prout in a Nutshell Volume 2 Part 6 [a compilation]
Universal Humanism [a compilation]
THE END
May 24, 2025
Education
Harvard University Accused Of China, Iran ‘Links’, Probed By US House Panel
Harvard Faces U.S. Congressional Investigation Over Alleged China and Iran Ties
Harvard University is under investigation by two U.S. House committees—the Select Committee on China and the Committee on Education and Workforce—over alleged collaborations with entities tied to the Chinese Communist Party and the Iranian government. The scrutiny includes claims that Harvard partnered with sanctioned organizations, such as China’s Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC), and worked with Chinese military-linked universities on U.S. Department of Defense-funded projects. The university is also accused of engaging in research collaborations with Iranian-government-backed scientists and participating in organ transplant research involving Chinese partners amid allegations of forced organ harvesting.
Congressional leaders, including Reps. John Moolenaar and Tim Walberg, have criticized Harvard’s actions as national security threats and demanded transparency. The committees have requested internal documents and testimonies by June 2, 2025.
In a parallel move, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) suspended Harvard’s foreign student enrollment programs, citing the university’s “pro-terrorist conduct” and failure to prevent antisemitic harassment on campus. DHS Secretary Kristi Noem stated that Harvard’s leadership had fostered an unsafe learning environment and enabled pro-CCP influence.
Harvard responded by calling the government’s actions “unlawful” and announced legal action to challenge the student ban. President Alan Garber emphasized the importance of international scholars and reaffirmed support for affected students. However, the university has yet to address the specific allegations regarding its ties to Chinese and Iranian entities.
The escalating conflict marks a significant clash between a leading academic institution and the U.S. government over national security, ethics, and academic freedom.
South Africa crime statistics debunk ‘white genocide’ claims – minister
South Africa Dismisses White Genocide Claims as Baseless, Cites New Crime Data
South Africa’s Police Minister, Senzo Mchunu, has firmly rejected claims of a “white genocide” in the country, following renewed allegations by U.S. President Donald Trump. The president confronted South African leader Cyril Ramaphosa during a meeting in Washington, claiming white farmers were being killed and persecuted.
Responding to this, Mchunu released newly segmented crime data showing that between January and March, five of the six people murdered on farms were Black, and only one was white. In the previous quarter, just one of twelve farm murder victims was white. For the first time, crime statistics were categorized by race to counter widespread misinformation.
Mchunu criticized how farm-related violence has historically been misrepresented, saying the genocide narrative is “unbalanced” and “unfounded.” Earlier this year, a South African judge also dismissed genocide claims as “clearly imagined” during a legal case involving a donation to a white supremacist group.
The controversial narrative has gained traction among right-wing groups in the U.S., and Trump recently granted asylum to 60 Afrikaners, citing alleged racial discrimination. During the live broadcast meeting, Trump presented videos and images intended to prove his claims—many of which the BBC later found to be inaccurate.
A UN Human Rights spokesperson condemned Trump’s rhetoric, warning against using the term “genocide” without proper context or understanding.
Mchunu acknowledged South Africa’s high crime rate but stressed it affects all communities. He also denied Trump’s claim that white-owned land was being forcibly seized under a new expropriation law, noting no land had yet been taken.
Japan faces a ‘rice crisis’ as price nearly doubles for food staple
Japan Grapples with Soaring Rice Prices Amid Inflation and Supply Crunch
Japan is facing a deepening “rice crisis” as the price of its most essential staple has nearly doubled over the past year. Government data released in April 2025 shows rice prices surged by 98.4% year-on-year, following a 92.5% increase in March. The sharp rise is driven by inflation, low domestic yields, and soaring demand from Japan’s rebounding tourism and hospitality sectors.
A poor harvest in 2023, caused by an unusually hot summer, has led to tight supplies. At the same time, panic buying triggered by online rumors of a major earthquake, and wheat shortages due to the Russia-Ukraine war have pushed more consumers toward rice. The popular Koshihikari brand has now reached 5,000 yen (about $35) for a 5kg bag, while other varieties hover around 4,200 yen ($29), straining household budgets.
Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba admitted in parliament that emergency measures, including tapping into government reserves, have failed to ease prices. “We don’t know why we haven’t been able to push prices lower,” he said, pledging to reassess stockpiles and distribution.
Economist Tim Harcourt of the University of Technology Sydney cited three key drivers: panic buying, increased demand due to wheat scarcity, and the resurgence of tourism fueling restaurant and hotel consumption.
In response, some consumers and businesses are turning to cheaper imported rice, breaking with the traditional preference for domestic varieties. The crisis, if unresolved, may further erode public support for Ishiba’s government ahead of upcoming parliamentary elections.
Caught on camera: Chinese coastguard crashes into Philippine ship before blasting crew with water cannons
Tensions escalated between China and Philippines as countries sparred again in the South China sea after a Chinese vessel launched a barrage of water cannon shots at two Philippines ‘research’ vessels.
According to a statement by The Philippine Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, this was an act of aggression by the Chinese on its ‘research’ vessel Datu Sanday and another supporting ship.
The official statement by the Filipinos said that the vessels were roaming near the contentious Spratly islands, trying to collect sand samples from a group on sandbanks on Wednesday, when the incident happened.
The Philippines Fisheries bureau said that the port bow and smoke stack of the vessel were damaged by the cannon attacks, which risked the lives of civilians on the ship. The bureau also claimed that it was the first of its kind attack on Filipino vessels, which happened near the Sandy Cay Reef.
However, the Chinese claimed in their statement that the Philippines vessel approached their ship dangerously which caused the collision. The Chinese Foreign ministry in a statement said that they aren’t aware of such an incident, but claimed that the Chinese coastguard follows the letter of law in international waters.
China and the Philippines have long had a dispute over the Spratly Islands in South China sea, including Sandy Cay islands.
UAE Joins Mexico, Brazil, France, Egypt, India, Chile, And Thailand as Australia Issues New Travel Alert Warning Over Terror Threats and Civil Unrest
Australia Issues Updated Travel Warning for Eight Countries Amid Global Instability
Australia has issued a comprehensive travel advisory urging citizens to exercise a high degree of caution when visiting eight international destinations: the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Mexico, Brazil, France, Egypt, India, Chile, and Thailand. The updated guidance, released in response to heightened risks from terrorism, civil unrest, violent crime, and natural disasters, reflects growing global volatility in 2025.
The UAE, once considered a low-risk destination, is now flagged due to credible terrorism threats, extreme weather conditions, and occasional petty crimes. Travelers are warned to avoid unauthorized protests and prepare for sudden disruptions caused by sandstorms or flash floods.
Mexico remains particularly dangerous in several states plagued by cartel violence, kidnappings, and armed robberies. Tourists are advised to avoid driving at night, stay on toll roads, and monitor hurricane alerts during the June–November season.
In Brazil, urban crime and unrest remain serious concerns. Visitors should avoid favelas, rely on licensed transport, and remain vigilant during the rainy season, which can cause landslides and service disruptions.
France is under its highest terror alert, with recent attacks and ongoing public protests. Tourists are cautioned to avoid large gatherings and be alert to theft, especially in Paris.
Egypt presents risks of terrorism and political instability, particularly in North Sinai. Tourists are urged to steer clear of protests and sensitive areas.
India’s Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, and border regions are deemed unsafe due to conflict. In other parts, travelers should remain cautious of scams, heatwaves, and monsoon floods.
Chile continues to face protests, theft, and natural hazards like earthquakes and wildfires, while Thailand deals with insurgent violence in its southern provinces and infrastructure concerns after recent seismic activity.
The Australian government stresses that heightened awareness and preparedness are essential for safe travel in 2025.
OpenAI, Google and xAI battle for superstar AI talent, shelling out millions
AI Talent War Heats Up as Top Researchers Command Multi-Million Dollar Salaries
The race to dominate artificial intelligence has triggered a fierce battle for elite researchers, with compensation packages now rivaling those of professional athletes. Since the rise of ChatGPT in late 2022, Silicon Valley companies like OpenAI, Google DeepMind, and others have been offering AI experts up to $10 million or more annually, according to industry insiders.
At the heart of the talent war are “ICs”—individual contributors whose expertise is seen as critical to advancing large language models. OpenAI, for example, has reportedly offered retention bonuses up to $2 million and equity increases exceeding $20 million to dissuade staff from joining new ventures like former Chief Scientist Ilya Sutskever’s SSI. Some researchers have only needed to stay one year to receive the full bonus.
Google DeepMind has gone even further, offering $20 million compensation packages and accelerating stock vesting for key researchers. In contrast, average compensation for top engineers at large tech firms is around $542,000, according to data from Comprehensive.io.
Recruitment tactics are increasingly personal—ranging from lunches with tech founders to private jet visits from investors. Yet for many researchers, purpose often outweighs pay. “It was financially not the best offer I had,” said OpenAI researcher Noam Brown, “but they committed to the work I cared about.”
With only a few hundred individuals believed to have the rare skills needed to advance cutting-edge AI, companies are turning to unconventional strategies like analyzing academic and research backgrounds using sports-style data models to identify hidden talent.
As one CEO put it, “They’re not hiring developers anymore—they’re recruiting 10,000x players.”
Many women pilots part of Operation Sindoor; BrahMos crippled Pak air bases, over 170 terrorists killed
India’s Operation Sindoor Inflicts Heavy Damage on Pakistani Military Infrastructure
India’s large-scale military retaliation, dubbed Operation Sindoor, has left significant devastation across multiple Pakistani military and terror-linked facilities. The operation was launched in response to the deadly Pahalgam terror attack in Jammu & Kashmir, claimed by The Resistance Front, an offshoot of Lashkar-e-Taiba.
On the night of May 6–7, Indian forces conducted precision strikes on at least nine locations in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), targeting terror launch pads. Over 170 terrorists were eliminated, with the most severe blow struck in Bahawalpur, a known hub for terror activities. The strikes also marked a milestone with Indian women fighter pilots participating in combat operations for the first time.
According to top defence sources, 42 Pakistani military personnel were killed during the initial strikes, while India lost seven. Follow-up attacks on May 9–10 using BrahMos missiles crippled several Pakistani airbases, including installations in Lahore, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, and Jacobabad. Satellite imagery has confirmed widespread damage, contradicting Islamabad’s early denials.
On May 10 alone, within three hours, India struck 11 Pakistani military installations, including key airbases such as Noor Khan, Shahbaz, Murid, and Skardu. Satellite photos revealed extensive destruction, especially at Jacobabad and Bholari airbases.
Pakistan’s military responded with drone and missile attacks, which were largely intercepted by India’s air defence systems. India’s decisive response reflects strategic military preparedness enhanced after the Doklam standoff with China.
Facing mounting internal pressure, Pakistan elevated Asim Munir to Field Marshal, a move seen in Delhi as an attempt to restore credibility.
Though a ceasefire was agreed upon on May 10 following a request from Pakistan’s DGMO, Indian defence officials clarified that Operation Sindoor is only paused—not concluded—and the armed forces remain on high alert.
Italy changes law on right to claim citizenship through great-grandparents
Italy Ends Citizenship by Great-Grandparents, Impacting Thousands
Italy has enacted a new law that ends the possibility of claiming Italian citizenship through great-grandparents, dealing a heavy blow to many pursuing ancestry-based citizenship. The law, introduced by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s right-wing government in March, came into force this week. It now limits jus sanguinis (citizenship by descent) to those whose parents or grandparents were Italian.
With an estimated 80 million people of Italian descent worldwide, the change has left many frustrated—especially those who have already spent time and money preparing documents and translations. These individuals must now move to Italy and apply through residency, a process that has become increasingly complex due to tighter visa regulations.
A referendum on June 8–9 will determine whether the current 10-year legal residency requirement for non-EU citizens will be reduced to five years. However, this proposal is expected to fail. If it does, a future vote could increase the requirement to 12 years.
Applicants for citizenship by residency must meet strict criteria, including income thresholds, a language test, and proof of clean criminal records. Ancestry-based applicants previously avoided these hurdles.
Many hopefuls are devastated. “I waited three years, spent thousands—and now I’m ineligible,” wrote American Gina Pace Trucil online. Immigration consultant Samantha Wilson called the law “worse than expected,” warning it could hurt Italy’s already declining population.
Wilson advises affected individuals to consider Italy’s Digital Nomad Visa or challenge the law in court—though legal action could take years and come at a high cost.
U.S. Says It Wants Trade, Not Aid, in Africa. Cuts Threaten Both.
U.S. Shifts Africa Policy to Focus on Trade Over Aid
The United States will now measure the success of its envoys in Africa based on commercial deals rather than aid disbursed, marking a significant shift in its engagement strategy on the continent, according to a senior State Department official.
Troy Fitrell, a top official in the Bureau of African Affairs, said the Trump administration’s approach centers on mutual prosperity and eliminating trade deficits. “Assistance involves a donor and recipient, but commerce is an exchange between equals,” he stated during the policy’s launch in Ivory Coast.
Under this new directive, U.S. ambassadors in Africa facilitated 33 agreements worth $6 billion during President Trump’s first 100 days. “Trade, not aid,” a long-used slogan, is now being actively implemented as policy.
Despite sub-Saharan Africa accounting for less than 1% of total U.S. trade, Washington is taking steps to deepen commercial ties. This includes a $550 million loan for the Lobito rail corridor, designed to transport copper and cobalt from Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo to Angola, bypassing China-dominated routes.
The strategy is also a geopolitical move to counter Chinese and Russian influence in Africa, particularly in infrastructure and critical minerals. For example, China recently agreed to a $652 million loan with Nigeria for a highway linking key industrial hubs.
The U.S. has outlined six goals ahead of the next U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit, including prioritizing commercial diplomacy, supporting pro-business reforms, funding practical infrastructure, and improving access to risk-tolerant finance.
However, global aid organizations have criticized the shift, warning that cutting traditional aid programs could endanger vulnerable communities.
Putin announces decision to create buffer zone along border with Ukraine
Russian armed forces are actively working to accomplish this task, the Russian leader stated
A decision has been made to establish a security buffer zone along the Russia-Ukraine border, Russian troops are currently engaged in implementing this initiative, President Vladimir Putin announced during a meeting with government officials.
“We have approved the creation of a necessary security buffer zone along our borders. Our armed forces are actively working to accomplish this task,” Putin stated.
He emphasized that, given the recent developments in the Kursk, Belgorod, and Bryansk regions, immediate efforts are required to restore and rebuild areas affected by recent events. This includes assisting local residents in returning to their native villages, provided security conditions allow. Furthermore, it is essential to rehabilitate transportation networks and other infrastructure, ensure the smooth operation of industrial and agricultural enterprises, and support entrepreneurs and their employees.
Proto-Psycho-Spirituality
Supposing some boys want to run. If they simply stand still on the hard earth, will that be considered running? They will have to actually run. This running, this forward movement, is known as “proto-psycho-spirituality”.
What happens through this proto-psycho-spirituality? When a person is guided by it to think in a particular way, and sees that oneʼs own benevolent mode of thinking is not reflected in other peopleʼs activities, then that person can easily realize their true nature. So those who practise this proto-psycho-spirituality can easily recognize those demons in human framework. Then, after recognizing them, it is their duty to expose them to others also, to make people understand that they are repeatedly harming human society.
Shri P R Sarkar
Prout in Nutshell Volume 2 Part 8
28 March, 1982. Kolkata
THE END
May 3, 2025
Climate
How climate change & canals are turning Thar desert Into farmland?
Thar Desert Transformed: A Greening Desert Faces a Balancing Act
India’s Thar Desert has undergone remarkable change in the past two decades, with a 38% increase in vegetation and a 64% rise in rainfall from 2000 to 2023. According to a new study by Indian and U.S. researchers, no other desert has witnessed such simultaneous growth in rain, greenery, and population.
The Thar now leads all 14 major global deserts in cropland expansion, urbanization, and population growth. Researchers used satellite and field data to track these trends, finding rainfall increases especially strong in the northwest. On average, the region received 4.4 mm more rainfall annually, confirmed by CHIRPS satellite data. Only four deserts, including the Thar, saw such gains; most remained unchanged or drier.
This increased precipitation, along with extensive groundwater use, has fueled vegetation growth. Between 1980 and 2015, cropland rose by 74% and irrigated land by 24%. Groundwater now supplies 55% of plant water needs, especially crucial in non-monsoon months.
Urbanization has also surged. From 1985 to 2020, cities in the Thar grew by 50–800%, with the region now holding the highest population density among deserts. Water infrastructure like the Indira Gandhi Canal and improved electricity access have helped make farming and migration viable.
However, this rapid transformation carries risks. Groundwater depletion is rising, especially where vegetation has grown most. Climate change may be boosting rainfall, but also brings extreme heat and flood risks. Projections suggest rainfall could increase by up to 50%, alongside harsher weather conditions.
Researchers stress the need for better water, land, and urban planning. While the desert’s greening is a rare success story, its sustainability remains uncertain. As Dr. Vimal Mishra put it, “Greening a desert is not easy—but keeping it green might be harder.”
University of Reading Students Prepare for a Future of Flood Resilience
At the University of Reading’s Department of Geography and Environmental Science, students are gaining hands-on knowledge to reduce the impact of future floods. Based at the main campus in Reading, Berkshire, the program attracts a diverse group of students, including international meteorologists, all focused on building resilience to one of climate change’s most pressing threats.
Professor Hannah Cloke, a hydrologist, described flooding as “a massive problem to tackle” and emphasized the need for both mitigation and adaptation. “We have to stop burning fossil fuels, but we also have to adapt our homes and businesses,” she said.
Students recently heard from flood resilience expert Mary Long-Dhonau, who has spent 25 years advising flood-affected communities. She shared that victims are often displaced from their homes for an average of nine months. “The recovery is worse than the flood itself—you become the project manager of a building site,” she noted. Long-Dhonau also shared cost-effective flood solutions, such as elevating furniture with wooden planks and using aluminum tape to seal air bricks.
Students expressed a strong desire to make a difference for future generations. One said, “We are very solution-driven. We know the impacts may affect not just us, but the generations after us.” Another hopes to pursue a master’s in risk analysis to help companies understand their environmental vulnerabilities.
Long-Dhonau warned that without stronger resilience efforts, communities may soon be forced to retreat entirely. “Flooding could become so severe that rebuilding may no longer be possible,” she said.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvr8dmgj1mo
Finance
How the Euro Can Replace the Dollar
Europe’s Chance to Replace the Dollar and Fund Its Defense for Free
Recent global market instability, triggered by Donald Trump’s erratic tariff policies, has produced an unexpected trend: instead of the usual flight to U.S. dollar assets during turmoil, the dollar is weakening, and American debt yields are rising. This signals growing doubts about the dollar’s stability as a global reserve currency—doubts fueled by political dysfunction in the U.S.
This shift presents the European Union with a rare opportunity to position the euro as the world’s next reserve currency. But to seize it, the EU must overcome its traditional reluctance to borrow collectively and print money. Reserve currencies must be widely available, meaning the EU would need to issue large quantities of euro-denominated assets—similar to the trillions of U.S. Treasury bonds currently in circulation.
The EU took a step in this direction during the pandemic, issuing €600 billion in joint bonds and another €150 billion for military spending. Demand for these bonds has been strong, but far more will be needed to rival the dollar’s dominance. Creating a true fiscal union—with shared debt backed by a central tax—would further boost investor confidence.
Establishing formal euro-based swap lines, like those the U.S. Federal Reserve offers its allies, would also strengthen the euro’s credibility. While political obstacles—especially from debt-averse member states—remain significant, the payoff could be enormous. Europe could fund its military modernization at minimal cost and reshape global finance, turning America’s decline into its own strategic advantage.
WHO to back use of weight-loss drugs for adults globally, raises cost issue
The World Health Organization (WHO) is preparing to endorse the use of weight-loss drugs to treat adult obesity for the first time, according to a memo reviewed by Reuters. This marks a significant shift in global health policy and highlights the growing urgency to address the obesity epidemic, which now affects over a billion people worldwide—70% of whom live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
The memo recommends integrating GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy and Eli Lilly’s Zepbound, into chronic obesity care models alongside clinical and lifestyle interventions. These drugs mimic a hormone that helps users feel full longer, with clinical trials showing 15–20% body weight reduction. However, they are costly, with prices exceeding \$1,000 monthly in high-income countries, and may need to be taken long-term to maintain weight loss.
WHO is also revisiting its 2023 decision not to include these medications on its Essential Medicines List, which helps guide access in resource-limited settings. Experts will meet next week to reconsider adding GLP-1 drugs for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment. Inclusion could enhance access globally, as seen with HIV medications in the early 2000s.
Still, WHO highlights the need for cost-effectiveness data and broader affordability strategies, including tiered pricing and pooled procurement. The memo notes semaglutide—the key ingredient in Wegovy—will lose patent protection in some regions next year, potentially paving the way for cheaper generics. Liraglutide, an older alternative, is already available in low-cost generic forms across the U.S. and Europe.
The satellite that will ‘weigh’ world’s 1.5 trillion trees
Rainforests, often called the “lungs of the Earth,” store billions of tonnes of carbon, helping to curb climate change. Yet, measuring exactly how much carbon they hold has been nearly impossible—until now. On May 2, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched a groundbreaking satellite equipped with a unique P-band radar to penetrate dense forest canopies and reveal what lies beneath.
Nicknamed the “space brolly” for its 12-meter antenna, the satellite will fly over tropical rainforests like the Amazon, Congo, and Indonesia. Its radar can detect deeper layers of forests—branches, trunks, and woody biomass—offering a far more accurate picture of carbon storage than ever before. Traditionally, scientists measured individual trees and extrapolated data, a process described by Professor Mat Disney as a “huge challenge.” With over 1.5 trillion trees in tropical forests, satellites now offer the only practical way to monitor carbon on a global scale.
Developed in the UK with international collaboration, the satellite’s design was led by Professor Shaun Quegan and supported by engineers from U.S.-based L3Harris Technologies, specialists in large deployable systems. The 1.2-tonne satellite will scan forests much like a CT scan, building a 3D map of woody material and carbon content.
Scientists aim to release the first global carbon maps within six months and continue collecting data for five years. Unlike optical satellites, the long-wavelength radar can see through clouds, ensuring consistent annual observations. These insights will enhance our understanding of how rainforests regulate Earth’s climate and reveal the true cost of deforestation.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crldwjj6d6no
History
What Archaeologists Are Uncovering About the Buddha in His Legendary Nepali Hometown
Delegates of the U.N. World Heritage Committee, meeting in India in July, granted Nepal more time to submit a report on efforts to protect the Lumbini site. A designation of “in danger” would reflect poorly on Nepal, implying mismanagement of a site sacred to Buddhists. Meanwhile, archaeologists continue to uncover remarkable finds nearby. About 17 miles from Lumbini, they discovered the ruins of an ancient walled city believed to be Kapilavastu, where Prince Siddhartha is said to have lived before renouncing royal life. Nepal has proposed this site, in modern-day Tilaurakot, for separate World Heritage recognition.
Among the discoveries is a rare apsidal temple, similar to one at Sarnath, where the Buddha preached his first sermon. While there is no conclusive proof linking the ruins to Siddhartha, Nepal argues that the site represents the best-preserved Early Historic city in South Asia. Other evidence, such as pilgrim roads and ancient coins, suggests the area was an early center of Buddhist devotion, especially during the reign of Ashoka the Great. Ashoka famously supported Buddhism after witnessing the horrors of war and promoted pilgrimages to sites like Lumbini.
Archaeological digs in Lumbini have revealed structures predating Ashoka’s shrine, including a sixth-century B.C. tree shrine—possibly the earliest Buddhist shrine in South Asia. Some scholars argue it may have originally been an animist sanctuary. Nevertheless, many monks view the spiritual symbolism, not historical certainty, as key to faith. While modern science raises doubts about miracles, Buddhist teachers emphasize personal understanding and gradual spiritual development. Excavations continue, though some sacred places like the stupa at Ramagrama—said to hold Buddha’s relics—remain untouched, out of reverence. As archaeologist Robin Coningham remarks, some mysteries are best left unsolved.
Deafblind people to understand live conversations thanks to e-textiles technology
Thousands of people born deafblind could soon understand live conversations for the first time, thanks to groundbreaking research into smart textiles at Nottingham Trent University (NTU). The pioneering project involves the creation of e-textile gloves that translate spoken language into braille-like vibrations using embedded haptic actuators. These tiny devices, located on the fingers of the gloves, communicate information through patterns of vibration, mimicking the braille alphabet.
Artificial intelligence (AI) processes live conversations and generates real-time summaries that are transmitted through the gloves. The actuators can vary their vibration in frequency, amplitude, and duration, allowing for a broad range of communications, from spoken language to phone notifications, fire alarms, and even interpretations of music or visual art.
This world-first technology holds transformative potential for the estimated 15 million people globally—and about 450,000 in the UK—living with severe deafblindness. Dr. Hughes-Riley of NTU’s Advanced Textiles Research Group (ATRG) says the gloves will allow users to participate in everyday interactions, such as street conversations and public announcements, which are typically inaccessible.
The innovation stems from a working prototype, presented at the 2024 International Conference on E-Textiles. Ph.D. researcher Malindu Ehelagasthenna, who proposed the idea, highlights the wide-reaching impact for people who are fully deafblind or those with partial sight and hearing.
He emphasized, “This technology has the potential to dramatically improve quality of life for a large, underrepresented group by enhancing communication, access to information, and navigation of the world around them.”
Trade war with US may kill 16 million jobs in China, warns Goldman Sachs
Up to 16 million jobs in China, particularly in manufacturing for the retail and wholesale sectors, could be at risk due to rising U.S. tariffs under former President Donald Trump’s administration, according to a Goldman Sachs report cited by the South China Morning Post. The bank warned that if U.S.-China tariffs remain high and exports decline sharply, Chinese labor markets will face significant pressure. Nearly a quarter of the threatened jobs are linked to wholesale and retail businesses.
Exports of communication equipment, apparel, and chemicals are especially vulnerable due to their heavy reliance on the U.S. market. Trump’s tariff hikes have increased rates on Chinese goods to as high as 245%, with an effective average of around 156%, while Beijing has retaliated with tariffs of up to 125% on American imports.
S&P Global Ratings cautioned that China’s coastal provinces—Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Shanghai—are likely to bear the brunt. These regions are major exporters and together contribute about 40% of China’s GDP. Credit analyst Christopher Yip warned that the tariff impact is worsened by rising local government debt, driven by a prolonged property downturn, infrastructure spending, and weak tax revenue.
In response, China’s Politburo, led by President Xi Jinping, has pledged targeted economic support. The central bank may consider cutting policy rates to address labor market stress. Meanwhile, some Chinese firms may attempt to re-route exports through third countries to avoid tariffs, though Trump’s proposed “Liberation Day” package aims to close such loopholes. Despite these pressures, China’s cost competitiveness may help sustain exports globally.
Thousands of Islamists rally in Bangladesh against proposed changes to women’s rights
DHAKA, Bangladesh (AP) — Thousands of supporters of an Islamist group rallied in Bangladesh’s capital on Saturday to denounce proposed recommendations for ensuring equal rights, including ones related to property, for mainly Muslim women.
Leaders of the Hefazat-e-Islam group said the proposed legal reforms are contradictory to the Sharia law. More than 20,000 followers of the group rallied near the Dhaka University, some carrying banners and placards reading “Say no to Western laws on our women, rise up Bangladesh.”
The group threatened to organize rallies on May 23 across the country if the government didn’t meet their demands.
Mamunul Haque, a leader of the group, demanded that the interim government’s reforms commission be abolished and its members punished for the proposed changes. He said they hurt “the sentiments of the majority of the people of this country” by labeling the religious laws of inheritance as the main cause of inequality between men and women.
The group’s leaders also demanded that the interim government led by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad punus ban the Awami League party led by former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who was ousted in August. Hasina’s opponents accuse her government of killing hundreds of students and others during the uprising that ended her 15-year rule. Hasina has been in exile in India since her ouster.
Islamist groups in Bangladesh have increased their visibility since Hasina’s ouster, and minority groups have complained of being intimidated.
Sadvipras and moralists are not synonymous. Sádhakas or spiritual aspirants who control the nucleus of the social order are called Sadvipras. Sadvipras will control the nucleus and check exploitation by one class over others. If necessary they may accelerate the speed of the social cycle by the application of tremendous force and bring revolution. By a normal process, when Vaeshya domination exploits the other classes in society, Sadvipras will bring about revolution in the social order and establish Kśatriya domination.
P R Sarkar Talks on Prout July 1961, Ranchi
THE END
April 19, 2025
Education
Texas Is Poised to Create a $1 Billion Private School Voucher Program
The Texas House has approved a $1 billion private school voucher program, a historic move that advances Governor Greg Abbott’s top legislative goal. Senate Bill 2 passed with an 86-61 vote, marking the first time since 1957 that the House has endorsed using public funds for private schooling. All Democrats opposed the bill, joined by just two Republicans. Abbott celebrated the outcome, promising to swiftly sign it into law once finalized.
The House also approved House Bill 2, a $7.7 billion public education package, by a 142-5 vote. This measure raises base funding for schools, boosts teacher pay, and reforms special education funding to be based on individual student needs. While Democrats criticized the package as insufficient, they ultimately supported it.
SB 2 would create education savings accounts to help families cover private school tuition and related costs. Priority would be given to low-income families and students with disabilities, though private schools would not be required to admit them. The bill excludes undocumented students and raises privacy concerns regarding citizenship documentation.
Democrats attempted to derail the voucher bill, including a failed amendment to send the issue to voters. They also pushed for amendments to increase equity for underserved students, all of which were rejected. Critics argue the bill favors wealthier families already in private schools.
Differences between the House and Senate versions of the voucher plan will now be resolved in conference committee. Meanwhile, HB 2 faces further debate in the Senate, where leaders have expressed skepticism over increasing base funding for schools.
Archaeologists Unearth 7,275-Year-Old Well That Could Be the World’s Oldest Wooden Structure
A 7,275-year-old oak well discovered in Ostrov, Czech Republic, may be the oldest wooden structure still in existence, shedding light on early Neolithic craftsmanship. Found in 2018 during highway construction, this unassuming artifact was revealed to be a groundbreaking discovery after precise dendrochronological analysis confirmed its age. Dating back to the Neolithic era—when humans began settling and farming—the well highlights the ingenuity of early carpenters who built it using only stone, bone, and wood tools.
Measuring 2.62 feet square and 4.6 feet high, the well was constructed with impressive precision. Its structure, made of oak planks and posts, demonstrates an advanced understanding of woodworking and design, far ahead of its time. Archaeologists have praised the craftsmanship, noting its similarity to techniques seen in much later periods. The well’s dimensions were likely chosen for practicality, indicating that early humans were thoughtful engineers as well as builders.
The preservation process has been meticulous. Submersion in water helped protect the oak for millennia, and once excavated, the wood was placed in a sucrose solution to replace deteriorated cellular material. This method will stabilize the structure for long-term display at the Pardubice Museum.
This well not only reveals the technical capabilities of Neolithic communities but also reflects the broader societal shift of the Neolithic Revolution—from nomadic life to permanent settlement. Artifacts like bird bones and an animal horn found inside offer additional glimpses into early daily life, making this an extraordinary window into human history.
Israel Has Taken Over About a Third of the Gaza Strip
The Israeli military said Wednesday it is expanding the “Morag Corridor,” a new dividing line in the southern Gaza Strip, and has turned roughly a third of the enclave into “security zones” under full Israeli military control.
An infographic video released by the military showed the “Morag Corridor” running through an area between Rafah and Khan Younis, cutting off Rafah from Khan Younis and central Gaza.
In the video, Khan Younis, southern Gaza’s largest city, appeared almost completely razed, with only a few severely damaged buildings left.
“As part of the operation, the IDF (Israel Defense Forces) has achieved full operational control over several key areas and routes throughout Gaza. Approximately 30 percent of the strip’s territory is now designated as an Operational Security Perimeter,” the military said in a statement.
A Palestinian man sits on the ruins of houses near the “Netzarim Corridor” in the central Gaza Strip, on Feb. 9, 2025. (Photo by Rizek Abdeljawad/Xinhua)
Apart from the “Morag Corridor,” Israel has also established the “Netzarim Corridor” during the war, a military buffer zone in central Gaza aimed at isolating Gaza City and northern Gaza from the rest of the enclave.
Israel has blocked the entry of all humanitarian aid into Gaza since March 2. It then ended a two-month ceasefire with Hamas on March 18 and resumed deadly air and ground assaults on the enclave.
The military said since March 18, it has carried out airstrikes on about 1,200 targets in Gaza using approximately 350 fighter jets and other aircraft.
The renewed Israeli attacks have so far killed 1,652 Palestinians and injured 4,391 others, Gaza health authorities said Wednesday, adding the death toll in the enclave since the war began in October 2023 has risen to 51,025, with 116,432 injured.
Three million child deaths linked to drug resistance, study shows
More than three million children are believed to have died in 2022 due to infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microbes, according to a new study by leading child health experts. The report, drawing on data from the World Health Organization and the World Bank, shows that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is having a devastating impact on global child health—especially in Africa and Southeast Asia.
AMR occurs when bacteria evolve to resist the drugs designed to kill them. This resistance has become one of the most pressing global health threats, with experts warning of a more than tenfold increase in AMR-related child infections over just three years. The COVID-19 pandemic may have accelerated this trend by increasing antibiotic use during a time of strained healthcare systems.
Antibiotics are vital for treating bacterial infections, from skin infections to pneumonia, and are often used preventively before surgeries or during cancer treatments. However, they are ineffective against viruses like the flu or COVID-19. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics have fueled the rise of drug-resistant bacteria, while the development of new antibiotics has slowed drastically due to high costs and long development timelines.
The study, led by Dr. Yanhong Jessika Hu of the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute and Professor Herb Harwell of the Clinton Health Access Initiative, highlights an alarming increase in the use of powerful antibiotics. Between 2019 and 2021, the use of high-risk “watch antibiotics” rose by 160% in Southeast Asia and 126% in Africa. Even “reserve antibiotics”—meant for the most severe cases—saw usage spike by 45% and 125% in the same regions.
Experts stress that avoiding infections through vaccination, clean water, and improved hygiene is the most effective strategy. As Dr. Lindsey Edwards of King’s College London warned, without urgent action, AMR could reverse decades of progress in child health worldwide.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy0xk86l9g9o
Employment
Women in business held back by mobile data’s cost in developing world – report
Nearly half of female entrepreneurs in low- and middle-income countries lack regular internet access, according to a new report by the Cherie Blair Foundation for Women. The primary barrier is the high cost of mobile data, despite most women owning smartphones and relying on social media to market their businesses. Of the nearly 3,000 women surveyed across 96 developing countries, 45% reported inconsistent internet access due to cost and connectivity issues.
These women, who run businesses ranging from food stalls to fashion outlets, rely heavily on platforms like WhatsApp and Facebook—apps often included in low-cost mobile plans. However, broader internet access, essential for e-commerce and growth, remains largely unaffordable. Only around 25% used platforms like Amazon or Alibaba.
Dhivya O’Connor, CEO of the Foundation, emphasized the importance of digital access, stating that connectivity enables women to reach customers, streamline operations, and access financial services. Yet, challenges persist, including privacy concerns, cyber harassment, and safety risks. Over half of respondents reported online harassment; many avoid using their real names or photos to protect their identity.
The situation is especially dire in sub-Saharan Africa, home to 11 of the 20 countries where internet is least affordable. According to GSMA, women in these regions are 15% less likely to use mobile internet than men, a gap that grows to one-third in South Asia and Africa. Addressing these inequalities could boost GDP in developing countries by $1.3 trillion by 2030. The report urges governments to invest in mobile infrastructure and tech companies to strengthen online safety.
Wheat production likely to rise in 2025 to record 796 million tonnes, rice 543 MT: FAO
Global wheat production is projected to reach 796 million tonnes in 2025, a 1% increase from the previous year, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Growth in the European Union—particularly France and Germany—is expected, though weather extremes such as drought in Eastern Europe and heavy rains in the west may affect yields. In the US, wheat acreage is expanding, but winter drought conditions may reduce output slightly.
Global rice production is also on the rise, with the FAO forecasting a record 543 million tonnes in 2024/25, largely due to strong harvests in India and favourable weather in Cambodia and Myanmar. As a result, the FAO has increased its overall global grain production forecast for 2024 to 2,842 million tonnes—slightly above 2023 levels.
Cereal consumption is projected to grow by 1% to 2,867 million tonnes in 2024/25, mainly driven by record rice intake. Wheat consumption, however, is expected to remain stable, with food use possibly declining while industrial usage—especially in China—may rise.
Global grain stocks are forecast to decline by 1.9%, reaching 869.3 million tonnes in 2025. Although Russia and Ukraine are expected to increase their reserves, these gains are likely to be offset by stock reductions elsewhere. The global stock-to-use ratio is anticipated to fall to 29.9%, still considered a satisfactory level.
Trade activity is predicted to dip, with the FAO lowering its forecast to 484.2 million tonnes, a 5.6% drop from the previous season, due to shifting export patterns.
The FAO also warned of looming food insecurity in 45 countries, including 33 in Africa. Ongoing conflict, insecurity, and extreme weather have intensified food crises, especially in Gaza and Sudan, both classified under IPC Phase 5—the most critical level of food emergency.
Volvo to cut up to 800 US jobs as Trump’s tariffs bite
NEW YORK, April 18 (Reuters) – Volvo Group plans to lay off as many as 800 workers at three U.S. facilities over the next three months due to market uncertainty and demand concerns in the face of President Donald Trump’s tariffs, a spokesperson said on Friday.
Volvo Group North America said in a statement it has told employees it plans to lay off 550-800 people at its Mack Trucks site in Macungie, Pennsylvania, and two Volvo Group facilities in Dublin, Virginia, and Hagerstown, Maryland.
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The company, part of Sweden’s AB Volvo (VOLVb.ST), opens new tab, employs nearly 20,000 people in North America, according to its website.
Trump has upended the global trading system that has been in place for over 75 years with a plan for tariffs on products from across the world. His vacillating trade policy has undermined consumer and business confidence, and caused economists to raise their forecasts for a U.S. recession.
Volvo Group’s lay-offs are the latest response from a car and truck industry that is reeling from the Republican president’s tariffs on certain parts, which is expected to increase the cost of manufacturing vehicles.
“Heavy-duty truck orders continue to be negatively affected by market uncertainty about freight rates and demand, possible regulatory changes, and the impact of tariffs,” a spokesperson for Volvo Group North America said in an emailed statement.
“We regret having to take this action, but we need to align production with reduced demand for our vehicles.”
Scientists find ‘strongest evidence yet’ of life on distant planet
Scientists at the University of Cambridge have found promising but preliminary signs that a distant exoplanet, K2-18b, might host life. Using NASA’s powerful James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the research team detected chemical signatures in the planet’s atmosphere—specifically dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS)—molecules that on Earth are only produced by marine microorganisms.
K2-18b, located 124 light years away, is over twice the size of Earth and orbits a small red star. Despite its vast distance, JWST can analyse the planet’s atmospheric composition by studying starlight that passes through it. Lead researcher Professor Nikku Madhusudhan said the levels of these gases detected are thousands of times higher than those found on Earth, suggesting that if the gases do indicate life, the planet could be teeming with it.
However, the findings remain unconfirmed. The current detection is rated at a “three sigma” confidence level—about 99.7%—which is notable but falls short of the “five sigma” (99.99999%) threshold required for a scientific discovery. The team hopes to confirm their results within one or two years through further observations.
Other scientists remain cautious. Professor Catherine Heymans of the University of Edinburgh noted that even if the gases are present, their origin remains uncertain—they could result from unknown geological processes rather than biological ones. Alternative theories suggest the planet could be a mini gas giant or have a molten rock ocean, both hostile to life.
Despite uncertainties, the study marks a major step forward in the search for extraterrestrial life. Professor Madhusudhan believes we may be witnessing a historic turning point in astronomy: “Decades from now, we may look back at this moment as the one when the living universe came within reach.” The findings were published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c39jj9vkr34o
War
Putin announces Easter ceasefire after Trump’s threat to abandon peace talks
Vladimir Putin’s unexpected announcement of an “Easter truce” comes amid growing frustration from the United States over stalled peace talks between Russia and Ukraine. Former President Donald Trump warned that the U.S. may withdraw from peace negotiations if no meaningful progress is made soon. “If one of the sides makes it very difficult, we’re just going to take a pass,” Trump said, emphasizing the urgency of ending the conflict.
Echoing this stance, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated that the U.S. would “just move on” unless there are signs within days that a resolution is possible. “We need to determine very quickly if this is doable,” Rubio added, signaling a shrinking window for diplomacy.
In a significant development, Russia’s Defense Ministry announced that General Valery Gerasimov has ordered a ceasefire on April 21 from 6 p.m. to midnight local time. This humanitarian pause will be observed by Russian forces only if Kyiv reciprocates.
Meanwhile, in Rome for Easter diplomatic meetings, U.S. Senator JD Vance met with Cardinal Pietro Parolin at the Vatican. Parolin stressed that peace “must be built day by day, with dialogue and mutual respect,” reaffirming Ukraine’s right to territorial integrity and cautioning against any imposed agreements.
Amid this, Ukraine’s defense ministry denied a New York Post claim that Kyiv was “90% on board” with a U.S.-proposed peace plan discussed in Paris. The ministry clarified that it doesn’t make political decisions and emphasized its consistent support for a full ceasefire since March 11—an offer Russia rejected.
Ukrainian officials reiterated that key issues include how to ensure any ceasefire is effective and reliably monitored. “We remain in constructive dialogue with our American partners and are fully committed to ending this war,” the statement concluded.
PROUT advocates another type of revolution called “nuclear revolution”. In nuclear revolution, every aspect of collective life – social, economic, political, cultural, psychic and spiritual – is completely transformed. New moral and spiritual values arise in society which provide the impetus for accelerated social progress. The old era is replaced by a new era – one collective psychology is replaced by another. This type of revolution results in all-round development and social progress.
Nuclear revolution can only be brought about by sadavipras who reside in the nucleus of the social cycle.
Shrii P R Sarkar
Nuclear Revolution, Prout in a Nutshell Volume 4 Part 21
1969, Ranchi
THE END
—
April 12, 2025
Housing
Spain housing crisis: Thousands rally across 40 cities against tourist homes
Housing Crisis Sparks Nationwide Protests in Spain
On April 5, hundreds of thousands of people protested across 40 cities in Spain, demanding action on skyrocketing rents and a growing shortage of affordable housing. Despite boasting the fastest economic growth in Europe, Spain faces a deepening housing crisis, made worse by a surge in tourism and rising migration.
In Madrid alone, over 150,000 demonstrators took to the streets, chanting slogans like “No matter who governs, we must defend housing rights,” and rattling keychains in a symbolic gesture. The protestors called out the government’s failure to protect residents from being priced out of their homes.
Over the past decade, average rents have doubled, and home prices have risen by 44%, while salaries have lagged behind. At the same time, the number of available rental units has halved since 2020. Many long-term tenants are being evicted as landlords convert properties into short-term rentals for tourists and expats. “They’re kicking all of us out to make tourist flats,” said 65-year-old Margarita Aizpuru, who faces eviction along with nearly 100 families in her building.
Experts say Spain’s housing regulations favor short-term tourist rentals, which offer higher returns and fewer risks to landlords. Meanwhile, demand continues to soar: Spain welcomed a record 94 million tourists in 2024 and continues to attract thousands of migrants. However, with only 120,000 new homes built each year—far below pre-2008 levels—the gap between supply and demand is growing.
As 26-year-old protester Wendy Davila put it, “It cannot be that to live in Madrid you need to share a flat with four others.”
In 2024, over 65 countries held elections, with more than 4.2 billion people—half of the world’s adult population—casting votes. Many of those elections resulted in the ousting of incumbents, signaling a global appetite for political change. Now in 2025, the democratic calendar is quieter but no less important, with several pivotal elections reflecting rising polarization, anti-establishment fervor, and economic pressures.
In Belarus, the presidential vote on Jan. 26 is widely seen as a sham to reappoint Lukashenko, amid ongoing repression of dissent. Germany faces early elections in February after the collapse of its coalition government, with immigration and economic recovery at the center. Australia is heading toward elections before May, where cost-of-living concerns threaten the ruling Labor Party.
In the Philippines, a heated midterm vote pits Marcos Jr. against the powerful Duterte family. Bolivia’s election in August will play out against a backdrop of political infighting and economic strain. Argentina’s October midterms will test support for President Milei’s radical economic reforms. In the Czech Republic, former PM Andrej Babiš eyes a comeback fueled by Euroscepticism.
Tanzania will likely reelect President Hassan, though political violence remains a concern. Canada may go to the polls before October, with PM Trudeau’s future uncertain amid economic dissatisfaction. Finally, Chile’s November election will see right-wing candidates surge, while the left looks to regroup.
These elections won’t draw 2024-level headlines, but they’ll shape domestic stability and international alignments in the years ahead.
In a first, Taiwan charges Chinese ship captain with damaging undersea cables
Taiwan has charged a Chinese ship captain for the first time with intentionally damaging an undersea cable, amid rising concerns over sabotage and increasing tensions with China. Prosecutors in Tainan announced the indictment of Captain Wang, who was commanding the Hong Tai 58—registered in Togo but crewed by Chinese nationals—when it allegedly dropped anchor and severed a critical undersea cable off Taiwan’s southwest coast in February.
Authorities said Wang showed poor cooperation during the investigation, refused to disclose the ship’s ownership, and maintained his innocence. While seven other Chinese crew members will not face charges and are set to be deported, Wang remains the central figure in what officials described as Taiwan’s first-ever prosecution for such an offense.
The case comes as Taiwan reports a sharp rise in undersea cable malfunctions—five incidents already this year, compared to three annually in 2023 and 2024. These disruptions, crucial to internet and communications infrastructure, have alarmed Taipei and prompted tighter maritime surveillance.
Taiwan’s coast guard has begun tracking nearly 100 China-linked vessels suspected of operating under foreign flags in nearby waters. Officials suspect such activity is part of Beijing’s “grey zone” tactics—measures like sand dredging, balloon incursions, and now potential sabotage, meant to destabilize Taiwan without outright conflict.
The Taiwan government sees parallels between these incidents and Baltic Sea cable damage seen after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. As tensions mount, safeguarding undersea infrastructure has become a top national security priority for Taipei.
Trump tariffs updates: China retaliates with 125% tariffs against U.S. imports
“China, European Union must ‘jointly resist unilateral bullying’,” Chinese President Xi Jinping tells Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez
China announced more countermeasures against the United States and losses for U.S. stocks accelerated after the White House clarified that the United States will tax Chinese imports at 145%, not the 125% rate that Mr. Trump had written about in his posting on Truth Social on Wednesday, once other previously announced tariffs were included.
Chinese President Xi Jinping urged the European Union on April 11, 2025 to join hands with Beijing in resisting “unilateral bullying”, in reference to swingeing tariffs imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump.
As he met Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez on April 11, 2025, state news agency Xinhua said Mr. Xi had stressed the need for cooperation between the bloc and China in weathering Beijing’s mounting trade war with Washington.
“China and Europe should fulfil their international responsibilities… and jointly resist unilateral bullying practices,” Mr. Xi said.
Mr. Trump’s escalating trade war with the world’s No. 2 economy, China, has fuelled fears of recession and further retaliation, and foreign leaders are trying to work out how to respond to the tariffs.
Rice crisis: Japan releases strategic reserves to ease prices of nation’s most important food
Rice is deeply embedded in Japanese culture and cuisine, with at least six different words in the language to describe its various forms. It’s so central that even McDonald’s Japan introduced a rice bun burger. However, this dependence has made Japan—the world’s fourth-largest economy—vulnerable to disruptions in rice supply.
In recent years, extreme weather events like heatwaves, typhoons, and earthquakes have triggered panic buying. The average price of a 60-kilogram bag of rice surged to about $160 last year—a 55% increase in just two years. In response, the Japanese government began releasing 210,000 tons from its emergency rice reserve, which was created in 1995 following a devastating harvest failure.
The government had previously tapped this stockpile after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, and again after the 2016 Kumamoto quake. Other Asian countries like India, Vietnam, and Thailand also maintain rice reserves, while China keeps strategic pork reserves to ensure food security and price stability.
In March, Japan auctioned off the first 150,000 tons of reserve rice, with some hitting supermarket shelves. Yet, not all consumers are eager. Some, like 69-year-old Emi Uchibori, say they’ll avoid it due to concerns about quality, believing it may be “old rice.” Others, like part-time worker Yuko Takiguchi, are hesitant unless prices drop significantly.
Despite high prices, many still prefer rice over other staples, especially for school lunches. As costs of alternatives like bread and pasta rise, rice remains a vital part of the Japanese diet—even amid uncertainty.
Earth’s Magnetic North Pole Just Shifted Again — Scientists Have Officially Updated Its Position
The magnetic north pole is shifting once again—this time inching closer to Siberia. Scientists have just released the latest update to the World Magnetic Model (WMM), which recalibrates essential navigation systems used by planes, ships, and smartphones around the globe.
Unlike the fixed geographic North Pole, magnetic north is influenced by swirling molten iron in Earth’s outer core. This dynamic movement powers Earth’s magnetic field, which not only aids navigation but also shields the planet from harmful space weather.
First discovered in 1831 in northern Canada, magnetic north has since traveled thousands of kilometers. Around 2000, it drifted out of Canadian territory and has steadily moved toward Russia. Its speed fluctuated dramatically in the 1990s, reaching up to 55 km per year, before slowing to about 35 km per year after 2015. In 2019, an unexpected deviation prompted a rare unscheduled WMM update.
The new WMM—developed by the British Geological Survey and NOAA—was released in December 2024. It includes a standard version (3,300 km resolution) and a new high-resolution version (300 km resolution). While most consumer devices use the standard model, the enhanced version will benefit military and aviation navigation.
Magnetic pole forecasts are based on recent data trends and remain uncertain long-term. Still, experts expect the pole to continue drifting slowly toward Russia. While magnetic field reversals—where north and south poles flip—have occurred in the past, none have happened in modern times. If one did, it could challenge technology and disrupt wildlife migration. Fortunately, such events unfold over centuries.
Secondary school students from The Cherwell School in Oxford are set to join academics, authors, and literacy experts at the 2025 World Literacy Summit, a global event aimed at tackling illiteracy. The summit, featuring major industry players like Penguin Books and HarperCollins, brings together voices from over 85 countries to address literacy challenges worldwide.
Oxfordshire has faced significant struggles with literacy, ranking in the bottom 25% of English counties for Key Stage 1 and 2 reading levels. It’s estimated that over half of children from lower-income households in the region struggle with reading, according to summit organizers.
Year 12 student Jasmine, who moved to the UK from Luxembourg in 2015, shared how she overcame literacy challenges after joining Year 4 with limited English. “It was difficult, but I was able to get support,” she said.
Cherwell’s buddy reading programme pairs older students with younger ones to read together. Florence, 16, said she’s always loved reading and wanted to share that passion, while Luka, 12, said the scheme made reading “fun, relaxing, and calming.”
Students will serve as contributors and moderators throughout the summit. Kiril, 17, who will introduce a speaker, emphasized the importance of youth participation: “I feel lucky to represent my school and age group—young people’s voices matter in literacy.”
Founded in 2011 by Andrew Kay, the World Literacy Foundation organizes the event. Kay noted that illiteracy is closely linked to low life expectancy and costs the UK economy £81 billion annually. The four-day summit runs until Wednesday in Oxford.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c75dw472243o
Self employment
Space startups face uncertainty as US cuts federal spending
Space startups, which secured $2.1 billion in investments in the first quarter of 2025, have primarily depended on government contracts in recent years. However, U.S. federal budget cuts are starting to impact these companies, as funding declined by 12.5% in Q1, according to investment firm Seraphim Space.
Elon Musk-led Department of Government Efficiency and the Trump administration have been delaying or canceling contracts to reduce federal spending. “Uncertainty within some government departments is leading to delays as they evaluate which contracts to pursue,” said Lucas Bishop, an investment analyst at Seraphim Space.
The surge in demand for space-based imaging and analytics amid rising geopolitical tensions had previously boosted investment. Despite this, the sector is now grappling with a shift in momentum. Notably, while companies like Rocket Lab and Redwire posted strong stock performances late last year, the market’s optimism has since been dampened by protectionist trade policies and broader economic volatility.
The majority of Q1 investments targeted hardware-focused companies, especially those developing rockets and satellites. The two largest funding rounds came from Stoke Space and Loft Orbital, raising a combined $430 million.
Former NASA division chief Robert Ambrose noted that tighter trade policies could hinder short-term innovation due to reliance on global supply chains for advanced technologies. However, he emphasized the increasing importance of commercial space firms in enabling cost-efficient missions during economic uncertainty.
Overall, investments in space startups rose 12% to $8.1 billion over the past 12 months, with deal activity in Europe growing nearly 50%, spurred by larger EU budgets and a push for self-reliance.
South Korean helicopters fight wildfire along heavily armed border with North Korea
South Korea sent two helicopters to battle a wildfire inside the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), Seoul’s military said Friday, adding it had warned North Korea in advance of its firefighting mission along the heavily armed border area.
The blaze in the east of the DMZ dividing the Koreas comes just weeks after South Korea suffered record deadly wildfires in the country’s southeast that forced communities to evacuate and destroyed thousands of structures, including a centuries-old Buddhist temple.
Largely devoid of human activity, the DMZ has inadvertently become one of the most pristine environments in Asia and a haven for wildlife. In 2023, Google released street-view images of the DMZ for the first time, offering a rare glimpse into the flora and fauna that inhabit the peaceful buffer.
Inter-Korea hostilities have ramped up in recent years as North Korea appears to have intensified its nuclear production efforts and strengthened ties with Russia as it wages war in Ukraine. Last year, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un scrapped a longstanding policy of seeking peaceful reunification with South Korea.
Earlier this week, South Korea’s military said it had fired warning shots after North Korean soldiers crossed the military demarcation line before retreating.
Sadvipras are those who are deeply spiritual, who love human beings above anything else, and who are absolutely selfless. The power of administration must not be entrusted to those people who are selfish and who have no love for humanity. The power of Government must be left to those who are genuine servants of mankind.
You, too, should learn this lesson from Krsnaʼs life. Whenever someone commits injustice, you should not succumb. Fight against immoralists, as was done by Lord Krsna, but if someone is a moralist, a noble man, you must bow to him. This will enrich and enhance your own prestige.
Shri P R Sarkar
Ananda Vacanamrtam Part 33 Discourses on Krsna and the Giita
THE END
Geo-politics
Bangladesh Seeks China’s River Water Masterplan, Echoes India’s Concerns: What’s At Stake?
Bangladesh’s interim Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus has urged China to share its 50-year water management masterplan, highlighting concerns over Beijing’s massive dam project on the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet. During a meeting in Beijing with Chinese Water Resources Minister Li Guoying, Yunus praised China’s flood management expertise and asked for support in tackling Bangladesh’s growing water challenges.
As a delta nation crisscrossed by rivers, Yunus emphasized that water is both a lifeline and a threat. He also referenced India’s concerns about the dam, noting that population growth and land encroachment along rivers are shared issues in the region. The dam, projected to be the world’s largest, has sparked alarm in both India and Bangladesh over its potential ecological impact.
Yunus’s appeal signals Dhaka’s intent to balance relations with both China and India, especially as tensions with New Delhi remain since the ousting of Sheikh Hasina in 2024. India remains wary of China’s growing role in Bangladesh, particularly after Yunus invited Chinese participation in the Teesta River project—previously aligned with India.
China has promised technical assistance, acknowledging that both countries face similar water management challenges. India, meanwhile, continues to stress transparency and dialogue on transboundary rivers. Yunus’s visit, and potential talks with Prime Minister Modi at the upcoming BIMSTEC Summit, could influence future ties between the South Asian neighbors.
Experts see Yunus’s move as a call for cooperation but caution that shifting water alliances may reshape regional dynamics.
Archaeological Team Uncovers Long-Lost ‘Temple of Zeus’ After 100 Years in Ancient City of Magnesia
A forgotten structure buried under four meters of soil has just been brought back to light in western Turkey. First uncovered over a century ago, it vanished from sight—until now.
In a remarkable archaeological discovery, researchers in Turkey have uncovered the long-lost entrance to the Temple of Zeus in the ancient city of Magnesia, located in Aydin province. Led by Associate Professor Görkem Kökdemir of Ankara University, the excavation revives a structure buried for over a century. The temple, originally unearthed in the 19th century by German archaeologist Carl Humann, was later reburied under four meters of soil and largely forgotten until now.
Dating back to the 3rd century BC, the Temple of Zeus is one of the earliest Hellenistic religious structures in the region. Though second in importance to the Temple of Artemis—Magnesia’s main sanctuary—the Zeus Temple held a significant role in the city’s sacred hierarchy. The sanctuary, located in the religious agora, is expected to offer fresh insight into early Anatolian temple architecture. Some fragments of the original structure, including sculptures and towering columns, are currently displayed in Berlin’s Pergamon Museum.
Kökdemir and his team aim to recover up to 70 percent of the original temple’s materials to reconstruct its imposing columns and roof, potentially restoring a cultural treasure and attracting global tourism. Beyond the temple, Magnesia boasts a rich archaeological landscape, including the famed Temple of Artemis and remnants of grand festivals that once drew participants from across the Mediterranean.
Despite recent successes, much of Magnesia remains unexcavated, including a vast hippodrome. According to Kökdemir, it may take another 15–20 years to fully reveal the ancient city’s scope and splendor.
Trump threatens bombing if Iran does not make nuclear deal
Former U.S. President Donald Trump warned Iran on Sunday of potential military strikes and renewed economic penalties if Tehran fails to agree to a new nuclear deal with Washington. Speaking in an NBC interview, Trump stated that while indirect discussions between U.S. and Iranian officials are ongoing, he remains firm in his stance. “If they don’t make a deal, there will be bombing like they’ve never seen before,” he said. He also threatened to impose secondary tariffs similar to those enacted during his first term, targeting countries that engage with Iran economically.
Iran has firmly rejected direct talks with the U.S., reiterating its policy of avoiding negotiations under military pressure. The message was conveyed via Oman in response to a letter from Trump urging a new agreement. Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian confirmed Tehran’s position, noting that while direct talks are off the table, indirect negotiations remain possible with the Supreme Leader’s backing.
Trump recently signed an executive order authorizing secondary tariffs not only on Iran but also targeting Russia and Venezuela. Speaking aboard Air Force One, he mentioned a decision on tariffs against Iran would come within weeks, depending on the progress of diplomatic efforts.
Trump previously exited the 2015 nuclear agreement during his first term, reimposing harsh sanctions and escalating tensions. Since then, Iran has exceeded enrichment limits set by the deal, fueling Western suspicions of a covert nuclear weapons program—claims Tehran denies, maintaining its activities are for civilian energy purposes only.
Why African Groups Want Reparations From The Gates Foundation
Over 150 African religious, environmental, and agricultural leaders have issued a powerful open letter criticizing industrial agriculture initiatives backed by the Gates Foundation and similar institutions. Released by the Southern African Faith Communities’ Environment Institute (SAFCEI), the letter challenges the promotion of corporate farming models that disregard Africa’s ecosystems, traditions, and smallholder farmers. The timing of the statement coincides with the Africa Food Systems Forum in Kigali, supported by major funders including AGRA and the Gates Foundation.
The letter particularly targets the Gates Foundation and AGRA (Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa), accusing them of pushing synthetic fertilizers, commercial seeds, and monoculture farming. While the aim has been to increase yields and reduce hunger, critics say these policies have instead increased farmers’ debts, degraded soil health, and undermined food sovereignty. According to research from Tufts University, hunger actually rose by 30% in AGRA countries between its founding and 2018, while crop yield improvements were inconsistent and often unsustainable.
Voices like Million Belay of the Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA) highlight how AGRA’s influence has also weakened regional seed and fertilizer regulations and shifted government policies. In some countries, farmers now face legal penalties for saving seeds. Critics argue that this commercial, top-down model crowds out local alternatives, such as agroecology—a holistic approach that emphasizes biodiversity, local control, and ecological stewardship.
Faith leaders like Bishop Takalani Mufamadi call this model unjust, accusing its backers of prioritizing profits over people. Instead of monetary compensation, the letter calls for reparative action rooted in restoring dignity, retraining farmers, and healing damaged ecosystems. While the Gates Foundation defends its work, critics argue that true food security lies not in imported technologies, but in empowering African communities to shape their own agricultural future.
JPMorgan says Trump’s tariffs to send US into recession
JPMorgan Chase & Co. now expects the U.S. economy to enter a recession this year, largely due to new tariffs announced by the Trump administration. Chief U.S. economist Michael Feroli said in a note to clients Friday that real GDP is now forecast to shrink by 0.3% (Q4/Q4), a sharp downgrade from the previous 1.3% growth projection. He warned that the economic contraction could raise the unemployment rate to 5.3%.
The tariffs, announced Wednesday, triggered a sharp market selloff. The S&P 500 fell to an 11-month low, erasing $5.4 trillion in market value over just two trading sessions. JPMorgan’s forecast joins similar revisions from other major banks. Barclays now also expects a recession in 2025, while Citi slashed its growth forecast to 0.1%, and UBS lowered its projection to 0.4%.
UBS Chief U.S. Economist Jonathan Pingle said U.S. imports could fall over 20%, returning to levels not seen since before 1986, which would require significant economic adjustment for the $30 trillion economy.
Feroli added that the Federal Reserve may respond by cutting interest rates at every meeting starting in June, bringing rates down to 2.75%–3% from the current 4.25%–4.5%, even as inflation rises to 4.4% by year-end. He described this as a “stagflationary forecast,” where slowing growth coincides with rising prices—posing a policy challenge for the Fed.
Despite the outlook, Fed Chair Jerome Powell said Friday that there’s no urgency to adjust rates yet, as job growth remains strong, though unemployment ticked up slightly to 4.2%.
As of January 1, VAT is now applied to private school fees in the UK, following the government’s decision to remove their previous exemption. The move is expected to generate £460 million in 2024/25, rising to £1.7 billion by 2029/30, with the funds earmarked for improving state education—particularly to recruit 6,500 new teachers in England.
Private schools previously avoided VAT under an exemption for educational organizations. Around half are also registered charities, receiving an 80% discount on business rates. While plans to remove VAT relief have begun, the proposal to strip private schools of charitable status has been dropped.
The policy has sparked legal action from the Independent Schools Council, a group of Christian schools, and Education Not Discrimination—a parent-led organization. They argue the policy breaches human rights by limiting educational access, particularly for lower-income families and children with special educational needs who don’t have formal education, health, and care plans (EHCPs). The government, however, insists the goal is fairness and increased funding for the 94% of children in state schools.
Private school fees vary, averaging £15,000 per year, though some top schools charge upwards of £50,000. VAT does not necessarily raise fees by 20%, but an average 10% rise is expected. Children with EHCPs and some military families are exempt from the tax increase.
While concerns remain about a shift to the state sector, the government estimates only 37,000 students will move over time—far fewer than the projected 700,000-pupil drop in total student numbers by 2030.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c033dp0z1edo
Health
Sleep Meds After Knee Replacement Tied to Complications
A recent study presented at the 2025 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons’ annual meeting has found that patients who used prescription sleep medications within 90 days of undergoing total knee replacement surgery faced a higher risk of post-surgical complications. These included increased rates of prosthetic dislocations, revision surgeries, falls, wrist fractures, and emergency department visits, with elevated risks persisting for at least a year after surgery.
Lead author Bill Young, a medical student at Stanford University, said the findings could help shape future guidelines for managing sleep after knee replacement procedures. Sleep disturbances are common post-surgery and can interfere with recovery, but until now, the impact of prescription sleep aids on outcomes remained unclear.
Using data from 2011 to 2022, researchers examined records of nearly 150,000 patients who used sleep medications post-surgery and compared them to over one million who did not. Medications studied included commonly prescribed drugs such as zolpidem, eszopiclone, and less potent options like doxepin and ramelteon.
Patients who took these medications had a 19% higher risk of falls, a 17% higher chance of revision surgery, and a 45% increased risk of wrist fractures compared to the control group. Young emphasized that the study highlights potential risks, not a comprehensive risk-benefit analysis.
Experts like Dr. Dustin Schuett and Dr. Aaron Leininger recommend non-drug approaches for managing sleep during recovery, such as limiting screen time, relaxation techniques, and avoiding caffeine late in the day. Dr. Anna Miller noted the importance of balancing patient needs with safety concerns, especially given the risks of combining sleep aids with opioid pain medications. She advised that sleep typically improves over time, and avoiding prescription sleep medications may be the safest course post-surgery.
US says Putin will make decision on ceasefire in ‘weeks, not months’
U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio has said he expects to know within weeks—rather than months—whether Russian President Vladimir Putin is genuinely interested in peace and a ceasefire in Ukraine. Speaking after a NATO foreign ministers’ meeting in Brussels, Rubio emphasized that the decision to end the war ultimately rests with Putin.
His comments align with statements from British and French foreign ministers, who criticized Putin for prolonging the conflict while continuing his attacks. Overnight Russian strikes in Kharkiv killed at least five people, and a missile attack in Kryvyi Rih left 12 dead, according to Ukrainian officials.
Efforts to end the war have intensified under U.S. President Donald Trump, who is pushing for a ceasefire. Ukraine has already accepted a U.S.-brokered proposal for an initial 30-day truce following discussions in Saudi Arabia, but Russia has yet to respond.
On Friday, French and British military leaders visited Kyiv to explore the deployment of allied forces in Ukraine if a ceasefire is reached. France’s Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot said military support would be necessary to uphold any peace agreement. British Foreign Minister David Lammy accused Putin of intentionally stalling and continuing assaults on Ukrainian civilians and infrastructure.
Rubio reiterated the U.S. position, warning that endless negotiations will not be tolerated. “We’ll soon know if Russia is serious about peace or just buying time,” he said. Polish Foreign Minister Radek Sikorski echoed this, saying U.S. patience is limited and hinting at harsher sanctions and increased military aid if Putin refuses a truce.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c209w7g049wo
Natural Calamity
How did the Myanmar earthquake occur? | Explained
The powerful 7.7 magnitude earthquake that struck Myanmar on March 28, 2025, originated just 20 km from Mandalay, near the active Sagaing fault. This fault, which separates the Central Myanmar Lowlands from the Indo-Burman Range, is a major tectonic boundary accommodating significant strike-slip movement due to the oblique convergence of the Indian and Eurasian plates. The quake, followed by strong aftershocks, including one of magnitude 6.4, caused widespread devastation across the region.
Mandalay, home to over 1.5 million people, bore the brunt of the damage, with numerous buildings, including historic structures, destroyed or severely damaged. The shaking extended as far as Bangkok, where a high-rise under construction collapsed, and seismic waves triggered a rooftop swimming pool to overflow. The impact was magnified in the southern Sagaing fault region, where thick alluvial deposits intensified the seismic waves.
The U.S. Geological Survey estimates the death toll could exceed 10,000. Meanwhile, other areas like China’s Yunnan Province and eastern India were spared due to the directional release of seismic energy and geological differences. Myanmar lies in a seismically active zone, influenced by complex tectonic interactions, and has a long history of powerful earthquakes, including those in 1792, 1839, and 1946.
The Sagaing fault continues to build stress, with historical records showing repeated large earthquakes along its length. The 2025 Mandalay quake is part of this ongoing seismic activity and not an isolated event. For earthquake-prone South Asian countries like India, this disaster is a stark reminder of the urgent need for robust preparedness and the implementation of earthquake-resistant infrastructure.
Remaining together is natural for you, and to remain disunited is something unnatural. You know well that unnaturality is not tolerated by Prakrti. Unnaturality is ultimately destroyed. So it is natural for human beings to live together and to make a great Universe. By not doing so, and by mutual fight, all will be destroyed. This is the law of Prakrti. Hence, united you will have to remain, this is your duty. So that the people of the world may remain united, it is your duty to bring the Mahavishva as soon as possible. There will be peace and happiness in the Universe, and, established in one indivisible ideology, humanity will march ahead toward the Supreme Goal. Victory be with you!
Shrii P R Sarkar
Ananda Vacanamrtam Part 33
THE END
March 22, 2025
Agriculture
Oranges, peppers, tomatoes: The fruit and veg that could be in short supply as Spanish farms flooded
Spain’s recent deadly floods threaten food supply chains across the country and wider Europe. While images of Valencia’s devastation circulated last week, less attention was given to the submerged farmlands in the region.
Valencia, along with Almería and Andalusia, produces over 60% of Spain’s citrus fruits and a significant share of its fresh produce. The Valencian Agricultural Producers’ Association (AVA-ASAJA) warns of “significant damage” to crops and agricultural operations, though the full extent remains unclear. Many farmers are still unable to access their land due to blocked rural roads and damaged infrastructure, including greenhouses and packing plants.
Thousands of hectares of citrus, persimmons, vegetables, vines, and other crops are believed to be lost. Hard-hit areas include La Ribera Alta and Baixa, L’Horta, Hoya de Buñol, Utiel-Requena, Camp de Túria, and Los Serranos. Livestock farmers also face challenges feeding and watering surviving animals.
Spain’s ongoing drought has left the soil unable to absorb excess water, worsening the crisis. If floodwaters persist, entire orchards could be destroyed, impacting generations of farmers.
The consequences extend beyond Spain. As one of Europe’s top fresh produce exporters, Spain supplies 25% of the UK’s fruit imports and 8% of its vegetable imports. Shortages of key products like oranges, tomatoes, and lettuce could soon follow.
This disaster underscores the growing impact of extreme weather on European food security. Without stronger climate resilience measures, supply chain disruptions may become even more frequent.
No more finger pricks? IISc successfully uses light and sound to make diabetes tests painless
Scientists at IISc Bengaluru have developed a revolutionary, needle-free glucose monitoring technique that uses light and sound instead of blood sampling. This breakthrough, based on photoacoustic sensing, measures glucose levels without piercing the skin, offering a painless alternative for millions with diabetes.
When a laser beam shines on tissue, it causes slight heating and expansion, generating sound waves. Researchers found that glucose alters the intensity of these waves, allowing for accurate blood sugar measurement. Initial tests on glucose solutions and animal tissues showed near-clinical accuracy, and a pilot study on a human participant confirmed the method’s real-world potential.
Unlike continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), which require sensor insertion, this technique is entirely non-invasive. It leverages glucose’s unique interaction with polarized light, which alters the sound waves produced by the photoacoustic effect. Additionally, sound waves penetrate tissue more effectively than light, enabling accurate readings at different depths.
Despite promising results, the technology is not yet commercially viable due to the bulky and costly laser setup. Researchers are working to miniaturize and reduce costs, paving the way for portable, non-invasive glucose monitors.
Beyond diabetes, this method could revolutionize healthcare by detecting other chiral molecules, such as those found in medications. The team successfully measured naproxen concentration, suggesting broader diagnostic applications.
Published in Science Advances, this breakthrough could eliminate painful finger pricks, transforming glucose monitoring and opening new frontiers in medical diagnostics.
Trump Signs Order To Begin “Eliminating” US Education Department
At a White House ceremony, President Donald Trump signed an executive order aimed at dismantling the Department of Education, fulfilling a long-standing conservative goal. Surrounded by schoolchildren in the East Room, Trump held up the signed order, declaring it would “begin eliminating the federal Department of Education once and for all.” He argued that education should be under state control, not federal oversight.
“The department does nothing for us,” Trump said. “We’re going to shut it down as quickly as possible.” Established in 1979, the department cannot be closed without congressional approval, but Trump’s order could significantly reduce its funding and workforce. Education Secretary Linda McMahon has been directed to take “all necessary steps” toward its closure.
The decision has drawn sharp criticism from Democrats and educators. Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer called it a “tyrannical power grab.” Meanwhile, Republican leaders like Governors Ron DeSantis and Greg Abbott attended the signing in support. Trump framed the move as a cost-saving measure to improve educational standards, which he claims lag behind Europe and China.
Trump’s appointment of McMahon, former WWE CEO, signaled the department’s uncertain future. She has already cut staff and emphasized returning education funds to states. However, a reduced education department may remain for essential functions, such as student loans and grants.
The Heritage Foundation, a key conservative think tank, praised the move, calling it a “beautiful day.” Meanwhile, legal challenges loom, as courts recently blocked Trump’s attempt to dismantle USAID.
DeepSeek founder, who shook US tech giants’ supremacy, prefers humanities graduates over techies
DeepSeek’s Unconventional Hiring Approach
Under CEO Liang Wenfeng, AI company DeepSeek is redefining hiring practices by prioritizing creativity and intellectual curiosity over technical expertise. Unlike industry giants like OpenAI and Meta, which focus on candidates with strong STEM backgrounds, Liang seeks out Generation Z, avid readers, and humanities graduates, believing fresh perspectives drive innovation.
In a 2023 interview with 36Kr, Liang explained his philosophy: “For short-term goals, hiring experienced experts makes sense. But for long-term success, creativity and passion matter more than experience.” He values an inventive mindset and open-mindedness, seeing them as crucial for tackling complex AI challenges.
DeepSeek actively recruits from non-traditional backgrounds, recognizing the value of critical thinkers with an understanding of human behavior and culture. “Humanities graduates bring diverse insights that enrich the creative process,” Liang noted, emphasizing that varied perspectives enhance AI development.
A key component of Liang’s strategy is prioritizing Generation Z, who, he believes, are more open to unconventional ideas and experimentation. “Younger employees are less bound by traditional methods, making them more willing to explore alternative solutions,” he said.
Beyond hiring, DeepSeek fosters a culture of intellectual freedom and continuous experimentation. Liang opposes rigid oversight, encouraging employees to innovate independently. “Innovation thrives when people have the freedom to explore ideas beyond traditional paradigms,” he stated.
By embracing diversity in thought and background, DeepSeek aims to revolutionize AI development, considering not just technical feasibility but also ethical and user-centered perspectives.
Huge mall retailer considers bankruptcy and closing all stores
The Decline of Malls and Retail Bankruptcies
The rise of e-commerce over the past 25 years, coupled with changing consumer habits, has severely impacted shopping malls and brick-and-mortar retailers. Once a staple of American life in the 1980s and 90s, malls began to decline as online shopping became more convenient. Retailers that failed to adapt struggled financially, a trend worsened by the Covid-19 pandemic, which led to bankruptcies, store closures, and liquidations.
Major Retail Chains Collapse
Several well-known chains, including Tuesday Morning, Christopher & Banks, Stein Mart, and Lord & Taylor, filed for bankruptcy and disappeared from malls post-pandemic. More recently, The Body Shop liquidated and shut down all stores in March 2024, while Rue 21 filed for Chapter 11 in May 2024, closing all 540 of its mall-based locations.
Party City, facing rising inflation and competition, filed for Chapter 11 in December 2024, liquidating all stores. Joann Fabrics followed suit, filing twice in 2024 and 2025 before shutting down all 800 locations. Big Lots also declared bankruptcy in September 2024, initially seeking a buyer but ultimately closing 1,392 stores before parts of the business were sold to Variety Wholesalers Inc.
Forever 21 Nears Bankruptcy Again
Fashion retailer Forever 21 is reportedly preparing to file for bankruptcy and close its stores. Attempts to sell its assets have failed, and at least 200 of its 350 locations were already set to shut down. Previously bankrupt in 2019, Forever 21 now faces another collapse under its new owner, Catalyst Brands.
It can happen at any time — America on edge with this 4000 meters high supervolcano
Mauna Loa: The World’s Largest Active Volcano
Mauna Loa, the largest active volcano on Earth, towers over Hawaii at 4,170 meters above sea level. However, when measured from its base on the ocean floor, it rises to an astonishing 17,170 meters—far surpassing Mount Everest in total height. This immense volcano has shaped Hawaii’s landscape for centuries, with its eruptions posing a threat to both local communities and global climate patterns.
Monitoring and Predicting Eruptions
Scientists are refining methods to predict Mauna Loa’s eruptions, offering communities crucial preparation time. In 2022, researchers discovered a previously unknown magma chamber by studying lava crystals, a breakthrough that enhances forecasting from mere minutes to several months. Kendra Lynn of the U.S. Geological Survey emphasizes that this advancement could significantly mitigate eruption impacts through improved planning and response strategies.
The Consequences of an Eruption
A major Mauna Loa eruption could unleash lava flows, ash clouds, and toxic gases, damaging infrastructure and threatening public health. Economic sectors like tourism and agriculture would suffer, while transportation and essential services could be disrupted. On a global scale, volcanic emissions could trigger temporary climate cooling by releasing sulfur dioxide and ash into the atmosphere, potentially leading to agricultural instability worldwide.
Preparing for the Inevitable
Authorities in Hawaii and beyond are strengthening response plans, including evacuation routes, early warning systems, and public education campaigns. Improved forecasting technology provides valuable time for communities to prepare, reinforcing the importance of proactive planning in mitigating nature’s destructive forces.
Tense protests grow in Turkey over Istanbul mayor’s detention
Protests Escalate Over Istanbul Mayor’s Detention
Tensions in Turkey have escalated following the detention of Istanbul Mayor Ekrem Imamoglu, sparking the country’s largest protests in over a decade. Since Wednesday, tens of thousands have taken to the streets in mostly peaceful demonstrations, despite a government ban on gatherings. The mayor, a key political rival to President Tayyip Erdogan, faces charges of graft and aiding a terrorist group—allegations he denies.
The opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP) condemned the arrest as politically motivated, urging lawful demonstrations. However, Erdogan, 71, warned that unrest would not be tolerated, stating, “We will not surrender to vandalism.”
Protests intensified on Friday, with thousands defying roadblocks in Istanbul’s Sarachane district. CHP leader Ozgur Ozel claimed 300,000 people gathered, prompting police to use pepper spray and water cannons. Clashes erupted in Izmir, Ankara, and other cities, leading to the detention of 97 protesters, according to Interior Minister Ali Yerlikaya.
The situation may worsen as a court ruling on Imamoglu’s formal arrest is expected soon. European leaders have criticized the detention as a sign of democratic backsliding, while Erdogan insists the judiciary remains independent.
Turkey’s financial markets have also been hit hard. The lira and stocks tumbled, prompting the central bank to intervene with $10 billion in foreign reserves. With inflation at 39%, economic uncertainty is growing.
The CHP plans to announce Imamoglu as its 2028 presidential candidate, escalating the political standoff. If convicted, he could be replaced by a government appointee, further fueling unrest.
“Prisoner Exchange Will Be…”: Kremlin’s Full Statement On Trump-Putin Call
Trump and Putin Discuss Ukraine Conflict in Lengthy Call
US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke for over two hours, discussing efforts to end the war in Ukraine and establish a lasting peace. Putin thanked Trump for his willingness to help resolve the conflict and expressed Russia’s commitment to a peaceful settlement that addresses security concerns and the root causes of the crisis.
During the call, Trump proposed a 30-day ceasefire. Russia raised concerns about enforcing it, stopping forced mobilization in Ukraine, and preventing further Western military aid to Kyiv. Moscow also highlighted Kyiv’s history of violating agreements and accused Ukrainian forces of terrorist acts in the Kursk region.
Putin assured Trump that Russian forces would treat surrendering Ukrainian troops humanely. Trump also suggested a mutual halt on attacks against energy infrastructure, which Putin accepted, ordering Russian forces to comply immediately. Discussions extended to securing Black Sea navigation, with both leaders agreeing to further negotiations on the matter.
Putin announced a planned prisoner exchange on March 19, with 175 captives on each side. As a goodwill gesture, Russia would release 23 severely wounded Ukrainian soldiers receiving treatment.
Beyond Ukraine, the leaders addressed broader geopolitical issues, including Middle Eastern conflicts, nuclear non-proliferation, and global security. Both expressed interest in improving US-Russia relations and exploring cooperation in energy and economic sectors. As a cultural exchange, Trump supported Putin’s idea of NHL-KHL hockey matches in both countries.
The presidents agreed to maintain contact on all discussed matters.
The husband will stay, send the wife away… Why did Kuwait take away the citizenship of 42 thousand people overnight?
Kuwait Revokes Citizenship of 42,000 Amid Political Upheaval
In just six months, Kuwait has stripped approximately 42,000 people of their citizenship under the leadership of Emir Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah. The government claims the move targets foreigners who obtained citizenship illegally. However, the decision has sparked fear and unrest across the country.
Since assuming power, Emir Mishal has taken drastic steps, including dissolving parliament in May 2024, calling democracy a threat to the state, and amending the constitution. Following this, authorities launched a crackdown on opposition figures, leading to widespread arrests of MPs and civilians, drawing criticism from international human rights groups.
Women have been particularly affected, especially those who gained citizenship through marriage to Kuwaiti men. Losing their citizenship has left them without access to healthcare, education for their children, and social benefits.
On March 6 alone, 464 individuals were stripped of their citizenship—12 for dual nationality, which is illegal in Kuwait, and 451 for alleged fraud. The Bidun community, already facing statelessness, has also suffered under these measures. Many have had their passports seized, further complicating their legal status.
The government defends these actions as necessary for national security and economic stability, even establishing a helpline to report alleged fraudulent citizens. Officials have also made statements echoing xenophobic rhetoric seen in right-wing politics in the US and Europe, arguing that foreign criminals exploit Kuwait’s welfare system and should be held accountable.
In every age a particular varńa(1) [social class] emerges, both as ruler and as exploiter.(2) (Problems of the Day) The moment one class turn into exploiters, the life of the majority becomes miserable; a few enjoy at the cost of many whose lot is only to suffer. Hence it is essential that no one be given any scope to exploit the rest of the society.
Shrii P R Sarkar
The Place of Sadvipras in the Samája Cakra
THE END
March 15, 2025
Education
Top academic experts for free webinar on lifelong learning
Three internationally respected experts will speak at the free University World News-ABET webinar, “The Perpetual Student – Lifelong Learning for the New World,” on 25 March 2025 at 16:00 GMT. The panel includes Professor Jonathan Michie OBE, president of Kellogg College at the University of Oxford; Maria Slowey, emeritus professor and director of the Higher Education Research Centre at Dublin City University; and Hanne Smidt, senior advisor at the European University Association and University West in Sweden.
As the global movement toward lifelong learning accelerates, millions will become “perpetual students,” continuously acquiring new skills. Are universities keeping pace? This webinar, part of a University World News and ABET series on higher education trends, follows January’s successful session on AI in student assessment.
Lifelong learning is expanding across public and private education providers, corporations, and governments, offering credentials from micro-certifications to degrees. Platforms like Coursera and edX, supported by over 600 universities, have enrolled millions. How are traditional universities responding? What policies and industry partnerships are needed to align lifelong learning with workforce demands?
Governments and businesses increasingly recognize that higher education must prepare students for an evolving world while supporting lifelong learners. Universities must embrace flexible, affordable, and industry-aligned education, ensuring credentials like micro-certifications hold value. Work-integrated learning and adaptable curricula are essential.
A cultural shift is crucial—lifelong learning should be central to a university’s mission, not an afterthought. How can institutions reshape leadership, policies, and partnerships to make this a reality?
The government has announced the first 750 schools to offer free daily breakfast clubs as part of a pilot scheme, ahead of a planned nationwide rollout in England. Starting in April, 180,000 pupils will receive “healthy, varied, and nutritious breakfasts” before class. Over a third of the selected schools are in deprived areas.
While Labour has pledged free breakfast clubs in all English primary schools and tripled funding to £30m, concerns remain over funding adequacy. Some MPs and head teachers’ unions argue the allocated budget is insufficient. Shadow Education Minister Neil O’Brien questioned the gap between projected spending and the expected benefits.
The Institute for Fiscal Studies estimated the funding could cover all primary school pupils under a food-only model or 60% of pupils with a childcare component. However, Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson expressed confidence that the funding would suffice.
Parents can drop off children 30 minutes before school starts, ensuring access to free breakfasts. One in seven pilot schools had no prior before-school provision, while others had limited or paid options.
The Association of School and College Leaders and the National Association of Head Teachers welcomed the initiative but warned that insufficient funding could strain school budgets. They urged the government to ensure financial viability before a full rollout.
The Department for Education emphasized the role of breakfast clubs in tackling child poverty. Schools will receive setup funding, and reimbursements will be based on attendance, with potential annual support of up to £23,000 per school.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg1p0zv541o
Culture
Thousands celebrate a chief who will only rule for eight years
Thousands gathered in southern Ethiopia for the Gada ceremony, one of the country’s most significant cultural events. This week-long tradition, which concluded on Sunday, marks the transfer of power from one customary leader to the next, occurring every eight years.
The Borana community has upheld this practice for centuries, meeting at Arda Jila Badhasa near Arero to celebrate their unique democratic system. Each age group wears distinct traditional attire, parading before the official handover. Married women march with symbolic wooden batons, “siinqee,” used to halt conflicts when placed between disputing parties. Younger women, dressed differently, lead the procession.
Though women cannot hold leadership roles in this pastoralist society, they play vital roles during the festival, constructing accommodations and preparing meals. The Gada system, recognized by UNESCO in 2016, allows women to participate in community meetings and voice their concerns.
Gada membership is inherited, with young boys undergoing rigorous training, including history, laws, and leadership skills. From age eight, initiates are assessed through endurance tests, such as long barefoot walks and cattle slaughtering. They wear cowrie-shell headpieces, a symbol shared only with elderly women.
Men aged 28-32, identified by ostrich feathers, attend the ceremony to prepare for future leadership. The highlight was the power handover from the outgoing Abbaa Gadaa to his successor, 37-year-old Guyo Boru Guyo, the 72nd leader. His eight-year term will focus on governance and conflict resolution in the drought-prone Borana region, ensuring this centuries-old tradition continues.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4vp9wg99yo
Politics
BRICS 2025: Expansion, De-Dollarization, and the Shift Toward a Multipolar World
The BRICS bloc, originally consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, has undergone a major transformation over the past year. In August 2023, it invited six new members: Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. By January 2024, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the UAE had officially joined, while Argentina withdrew, and Saudi Arabia remained undecided.
Saudi Arabia continues to engage with BRICS but has yet to formalize its membership, balancing ties between Western nations and BRICS members. Argentina initially accepted its invitation but reversed course under President Javier Milei, citing a shift in foreign policy priorities.
Beyond its core members, BRICS has established partnerships with nine nations, including Nigeria, whose inclusion in 2025 highlights the bloc’s growing focus on Africa. The expansion strengthens BRICS’s influence, with its members now representing over half of the world’s population and a significant share of global GDP.
A key focus for BRICS has been reducing reliance on the US dollar. In October 2024, the bloc discussed BRICS Pay, a decentralized payment system promoting local currency trade. This aligns with broader efforts to diversify reserves, as central banks have increased gold holdings, signaling a shift toward commodity-backed assets.
The bloc’s growth challenges Western-led financial systems, while geopolitical shifts could reshape global trade and alliances. However, internal differences among BRICS members pose challenges to unity. The bloc’s ability to balance diverse interests will determine its long-term success in reshaping global economic and political dynamics.
Light Can Now Exist As Solid: Italian Scientists Confirm Game-Changing Discovery
Scientists at Italy’s National Research Council (CNR) have achieved a groundbreaking milestone by converting light into a solid state for the first time. This breakthrough defies conventional physics and could revolutionize quantum technology and material science.
Historically, light has been a subject of fascination, from ancient philosophers debating its nature to Isaac Newton’s particle theory and Christiaan Huygens’ wave hypothesis. Modern quantum mechanics confirmed that light exhibits both particle and wave characteristics, but the idea of making it “solid” remained unimaginable due to its lack of mass.
Italian researchers achieved this by directing a laser beam onto a specially designed semiconductor, creating hybrid light-matter particles called “polaritons.” By manipulating these polaritons, they induced a quantum supersolid state—a rare phase exhibiting both solid rigidity and liquid-like flow. Previously, supersolidity was only possible under extreme cold conditions, but this experiment demonstrated it at normal laboratory temperatures, marking a major leap in quantum research.
This discovery has wide-ranging implications:
Quantum Computing – It could significantly enhance quantum computing, enabling faster problem-solving in finance, cybersecurity, and AI.
Ultra-Fast Internet & Secure Communication – Quantum networks may allow unhackable data transmission at unprecedented speeds.
Medical Advances – Quantum sensors could improve imaging and early disease detection.
Sustainable Energy – Potential breakthroughs in solar energy, battery storage, and superconductors.
Advanced Electronics – Next-generation smartphones with ultra-thin displays and enhanced efficiency.
Space Exploration – New materials for better spacecraft and long-distance communication.
This milestone marks the dawn of a new quantum era. As scientists refine this technology, its impact could reshape industries, redefine physics, and unlock possibilities beyond imagination.
The UK wants to ban first-cousin marriages – but there’s an ethical challenge
A bill to ban first-cousin marriage in the UK will receive its second reading in the House of Commons on March 7. Proposed by Conservative MP Richard Holden, it follows similar bans in Norway (2023) and Sweden (planned for 2026). Supporters cite public health concerns, arguing that children of first-cousin parents face increased risks of genetic illnesses, birth defects, and developmental issues.
A long-term study in Bradford, where cousin marriage is common, found these children had higher rates of learning difficulties and hospital visits. When closely related parents share faulty genes, the risk of genetic illnesses doubles (from 3% to 6%). However, most children of first-cousin parents remain healthy.
While reducing health risks is a valid concern, banning cousin marriage raises ethical challenges. Philosopher John Stuart Mill’s “harm principle” suggests restricting freedoms is only justified to prevent harm. A ban would not save specific children from illness but would instead prevent their birth.
Additionally, targeting cousin marriage for public health ignores broader genetic risks. Many ethnic communities share genetic traits due to historical endogamy, even without cousin marriages. Preventing marriage based on genetic fitness echoes troubling eugenic policies.
A more ethical approach involves education, improved healthcare, and expanded reproductive screening. Genetic carrier tests could help couples make informed choices without restricting marriage rights. Addressing poverty and healthcare access in affected communities would be more effective than an outright ban.
The Secret to Unlimited Energy Is Beneath Our Feet—And the World’s Deepest Hole Will Unlock It
Deep within Earth’s iron-nickel core, temperatures soar to 9,392°F—five times hotter than lava. This immense heat, generated by radioactive decay and remnants of our planet’s formation, radiates outward and will persist for billions of years. Harnessing even 0.1% of this geothermal energy could power the world for 20 million years, says MIT fusion researcher Paul Woskov.
However, drilling deep enough to access this energy is a major challenge. Conventional drills struggle past 400 feet, limiting geothermal power to just 0.3% of global energy. The deepest attempt, Russia’s Kola Superdeep Borehole (1989), reached 7.6 miles before extreme heat rendered the drill unusable—far from the Earth’s mantle, which lies 1,800 miles below.
New technology is changing the game. Since the 1990s, laser-assisted drilling has shown promise, with military tests boring through rock 10 to 100 times faster than traditional methods. In 2022, San Francisco startup Petra’s “Swifty” robot used energy beams to vaporize basement rock. But to truly penetrate deep layers, scientists turned to nuclear fusion technology.
MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center pioneered the use of gyrotrons—high-powered millimeter-wave emitters originally developed for fusion reactors. Quaise Energy, an MIT spinoff, combined traditional drilling with gyrotron power, successfully vaporizing rock in tests. Their next goal: drilling 12.4 miles deep in 100 days.
If successful, this breakthrough could replace fossil fuels, turning existing power plants into perpetual geothermal energy sources, marking the dawn of a carbon-free future.
World-first clinical trial shows promise for transformative oral snakebite treatment
Researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) have completed a Phase I clinical trial for unithiol, a potential oral treatment for snakebite. Conducted in collaboration with the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Wellcome Trust, the study, published in eBioMedicine, confirms that unithiol is safe, well tolerated, and easy to administer in rural clinics.
Unithiol, originally approved for heavy metal poisoning, was identified as a promising treatment for snakebite envenoming due to its ability to neutralize snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). These toxins, found in viper and other snake venoms, cause severe tissue damage and life-threatening bleeding. Snakebite envenoming claims over 140,000 lives annually, mainly in rural regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Current antivenoms are expensive, require hospital administration, and can cause severe side effects.
Dr. Michael Abouyannis, lead researcher at LSTM, emphasized that snakebite remains a neglected health crisis, with treatments based on century-old principles. Unlike traditional antivenoms, small-molecule therapeutics like unithiol offer a safer, cost-effective, and easily administered alternative. The trial demonstrated that unithiol is safe even at high doses, with rapid absorption and expected efficacy against venom toxins.
With Phase I successfully completed, researchers will now move to Phase 2 trials, testing unithiol in actual snakebite patients. If successful, unithiol could be deployed in rural clinics, providing life-saving early intervention and reducing the severity of envenoming. This advancement aligns with the World Health Organization’s goal to halve snakebite-related deaths and disabilities by 2030.
‘Climate Whiplash’ Hitting World’s Cities Amid Rising Temperatures: Study
A new study commissioned by WaterAid reveals that many of the world’s most densely populated cities are experiencing extreme shifts between droughts and floods due to rising global temperatures. Analyzing 42 years of weather data from over 100 major cities, researchers found South and Southeast Asia are becoming wetter, while Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa are drying out.
China’s Hangzhou and Indonesia’s Jakarta topped the list of cities suffering from “climate whiplash,” experiencing both prolonged floods and droughts. Hangzhou recorded over 60 days of extreme heat last year before being hit by severe floods that displaced tens of thousands. About 15% of surveyed cities, including Dallas, Shanghai, and Baghdad, faced simultaneous increases in both flood and drought risks.
“You can’t assume every place will respond similarly to atmospheric warming,” said Michael Singer of Cardiff University’s Water Research Institute. “It doesn’t care whether you’re wealthy or poor or have great infrastructure or not.”
Some cities, like Mumbai and Colombo, have shifted toward much wetter conditions, while Cairo and Hong Kong are steadily drying out. Meanwhile, places like Tokyo, London, and Guangzhou have seen fewer extreme wet and dry months in recent decades, experiencing more stable climates.
As cities struggle to adapt, many will need to redesign their infrastructure. Systems built to handle either water scarcity or flood mitigation may now be ineffective under changing conditions. The study highlights the urgent need for urban planning strategies to address the growing unpredictability of climate patterns.
Ukraine Agrees To Ceasefire Proposal, US Says “Ball Now In Russia’s Court”
Ukraine has agreed to a U.S.-proposed 30-day ceasefire and immediate negotiations with Russia after three years of war. The breakthrough came during high-stakes talks in Jeddah, prompting the Trump administration to lift a freeze on military aid and express optimism about ending the conflict.
Initially, Ukraine proposed a limited truce on air and sea attacks, but U.S. negotiators pushed for more. Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced that Kyiv accepted a full month-long ceasefire. “We’ll take this offer to Russia and hope they’ll say yes to peace,” Rubio said, emphasizing that the next move is up to Moscow.
The decision follows a shift in Trump’s Ukraine policy, which had previously halted aid and intelligence sharing after a tense February 28 meeting with President Zelensky. With support reinstated, Trump signaled a possible call with President Putin and invited Zelensky back to the White House.
As part of negotiations, the U.S. and Ukraine aim to finalize a deal granting Washington access to Ukraine’s mineral resources—an arrangement Trump insisted upon in return for military support. Zelensky expressed gratitude for the U.S. proposal but stressed that Russia must commit to peace.
Meanwhile, European allies remain cautious. France and Germany are considering bolstering independent European defense, while Poland welcomed the diplomatic progress. Trump’s national security team insists he has shifted global discussions toward ending the war. Still, challenges remain, including Ukraine’s push for security guarantees, which Trump has indicated will not include NATO membership.
We should cultivate science but we should equally pay our attention to the development of civilization as well. Taking a comparative view between ancient India and modern India, we notice that the progress of science today is greater than that of those days of yore, but civilization in those days was certainly of a high order, particularly during the days of Vashishtha, Vishvamitra and Astavakra. In the present age, civilization is on the wane due to science enjoying the pride of place. But developed as science is today, if civilization is pushed up again to the top, people can reach a greater height than ever before.
Shri P R Sarkar
22 May 1965 RU, Patna
THE END
March 8, 2025
Women
Why do we celebrate International Women’s Day on March 8?
International Women’s Day (IWD) is celebrated annually on March 8 to honor women’s achievements in social, economic, cultural, and political spheres. It also serves as a global call to action for gender equality. The 2025 theme, “Accelerate Action,” highlights the urgency of advancing gender parity.
Why is Women’s Day Celebrated on March 8?
IWD traces its origins to Russia. On February 23, 1913 (Julian calendar), Russian women protested against World War I, marking one of the first significant Women’s Day rallies. This date corresponded to March 8 in the Gregorian calendar, widely used elsewhere.
Four years later, on February 23, 1917, Russian women protested against war, food shortages, and Czar Nicholas II’s rule, triggering the Russian Revolution. Within days, the Czar abdicated, and women won voting rights. Inspired by this, Vladimir Lenin later declared March 8 as International Women’s Day.
The Evolution of IWD
The first IWD celebration occurred on March 19, 1911, in Austria, Denmark, Switzerland, and Germany, while the U.S. observed its first National Women’s Day on February 28, 1909. Over time, the date varied until Germany held IWD on March 8, 1914, setting the precedent.
IWD is a public holiday in many countries, including Russia, China (for women only), Afghanistan, and Ukraine. Berlin made it a holiday in 2019.
Purple symbolizes justice, green represents hope, and white signifies purity. These colors were adopted from the UK’s Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1908.
For us, snow leopards are deities’: The farmers protecting Nepal’s snow leopards
In Nepal’s Himalayas, snow leopards often prey on livestock, leading to retaliatory killings by farmers. However, a group of Nepali women has developed a simple yet effective solution to protect both livestock and these elusive predators.
Rinchen Lama, a farmer in Dolpa, experienced devastating losses when a snow leopard killed 37 of his sheep and goats in a single night. Later, the predator took his horse. Such losses threaten livelihoods, intensifying human-wildlife conflict. Snow leopards, listed as vulnerable by the IUCN, are rare and difficult to track. Their declining numbers are linked to habitat loss and competition with livestock for food. With fewer wild prey, they increasingly target domestic animals, leading to retaliation by herders. Studies estimate that up to 450 snow leopards are killed globally each year, over half in response to livestock predation.
Conservationist Tshiring Lhamu Lama is addressing this conflict by helping farmers protect their animals. With support from the Snow Leopard Conservancy, she has distributed solar-powered lights to deter leopards and led the construction of predator-proof corrals. Women play a crucial role in building these enclosures, as they manage livestock while men travel for trade.
Beyond protection, Tshiring is promoting eco-tourism to generate income for local communities. Inspired by successful initiatives in India, her Snow Leopard Journey project directs tourism revenue toward conservation. By engaging local people, particularly women, these efforts offer a sustainable way to coexist with snow leopards, ensuring the survival of both the predators and the herding communities.
Harvard Scientist Claims God Is Real, Reveals Mathematical Formula To Prove It
Dr. Willie Soon, an astrophysicist and aerospace engineer affiliated with the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, has claimed that a mathematical formula could serve as ultimate proof of God’s existence. Speaking on the Tucker Carlson Network, he presented his argument, which is rooted in the “fine-tuning” theory—the idea that the universe’s physical laws are so precisely calibrated for life that chance alone cannot explain their existence.
The formula was first proposed by Cambridge mathematician Paul Dirac, who observed that certain cosmic constants align with astonishing precision. This phenomenon has long puzzled scientists. In 1963, Dirac reflected on this mystery, stating, “One could perhaps describe the situation by saying that God is a mathematician of a very high order, and He used very advanced mathematics in constructing the universe.”
Dr. Soon cited Dirac’s work to support his argument, suggesting that the fundamental equations governing the universe could be evidence of a divine creator. “There are so many forces that allow us to illuminate our lives. God has given us this light,” he said.
Scientific discussions of religion are often controversial. The late Stephen Hawking, for example, took a different stance. In his final book, Brief Answers to the Big Questions, he dismissed the need for a creator, arguing that the universe follows natural laws without divine intervention. “If you like, you can say the laws are the work of God, but that is more a definition than proof of existence,” he wrote.
Alfred raises flood risk as tropical storm whips Australian coast with wind and rain
Tropical Cyclone Alfred swept across islands off Australia’s eastern coast late Friday, bringing destructive winds and torrential rain to coastal suburbs. Though it weakened to a tropical low on Saturday, the storm left hundreds of thousands without power. However, major damage was limited, and relatively few rescues were needed.
Authorities warned that flooding remains the biggest threat, with forecasts predicting continued heavy rainfall. “The rivers are full, the rain is continuing, and wind conditions are extreme, particularly along the coast from Byron Shire to the Queensland border,” said New South Wales Premier Chris Minns.
Images revealed severe coastal erosion, with 4 to 6-meter (13 to 19-foot) cliffs forming along the Gold Coast’s beaches. Alfred was the most southerly cyclone to threaten the region since 1974’s Cyclone Zoe. While it had initially been expected to make landfall earlier, its delay heightened anxiety. Some areas saw up to 200 millimeters (8 inches) of rain in 24 hours—exceeding the region’s typical March rainfall. Forecasters warned that another 800 millimeters (31 inches) could fall within a day.
Ahead of the storm, emergency services and defense personnel were deployed to assist. Alfred also delivered massive waves, attracting surfers early in the week, though conditions became too dangerous by Friday. Authorities issued $10,000 fines for reckless behavior after several people ignored warnings.
“The waves from March 4th and 5th will be remembered for years,” said Stuart Nettle of Swellnet, adding that Alfred created some of the best surf conditions in recent history.
Sunita Williams hands over command of Space Station to Russian cosmonaut
Days before boarding the SpaceX Dragon for her return to Earth, NASA astronaut Sunita Williams officially handed over command of the International Space Station (ISS) to Russian cosmonaut Alexey Ovchinin. This transition marks a significant shift in leadership between the two space agencies.
During the ceremony, Williams expressed gratitude to mission control centers, trainers, friends, and family for their support. Her leadership played a vital role in maintaining ISS operations during her tenure. Now, she prepares to return alongside NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Nick Hague, as well as Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksandr Gorbunov.
Their departure, however, depends on the arrival of the SpaceX Crew-10 mission, scheduled to launch on March 12-13. Once Crew-10 arrives, a week-long handover will take place before Williams and her team depart on March 19.
Crew-10 consists of NASA astronauts Anne McClain and Nichole Ayers, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Takuya Onishi, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Kirill Peskov. Upon their arrival, they will officially join Expedition 72.
Meanwhile, Ovchinin will remain aboard the ISS until mid-April, working alongside NASA’s Don Pettit and Roscosmos’ Ivan Vagner.
This leadership shift underscores the ongoing collaboration between NASA and Roscosmos in ensuring smooth ISS operations. Williams’ extended stay resulted from delays with Boeing’s Starliner, yet her leadership has been crucial in sustaining research and operational activities. As she prepares to return, her contributions to space exploration remain invaluable.
UK and France to draft Ukraine peace deal for Trump’s approval, says Starmer
Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer has announced that the UK and France will work with Ukraine on a plan to end the conflict with Russia before presenting it to the United States.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is attending a European leaders’ summit following a tense exchange with US President Donald Trump at the White House. Speaking on BBC One’s Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg, Sir Keir described his role as a “bridge” between the two leaders. While acknowledging the confrontation was “uncomfortable,” he emphasized the need to stay focused on achieving peace.
In response to the White House dispute, he immediately called Trump and Zelensky to steer discussions back on track, also engaging French President Emmanuel Macron on Europe’s role. “We need to bridge these divides,” he said. “After three years of brutal conflict, achieving lasting peace must be the priority.”
Sir Keir dismissed calls from Scotland’s First Minister John Swinney to cancel Trump’s second state visit, arguing that peace in Europe was more important than political rhetoric. Liberal Democrat leader Sir Ed Davey agreed but suggested the visit should be used to secure stronger US commitments to Ukraine.
He also stressed that European nations must take on a greater security role, forming a “coalition of the willing” to provide guarantees for Ukraine. Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch backed his stance but warned of the risk of US disengagement.
Ahead of the summit, Sir Keir met Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who echoed his call for unity, warning: “It is crucial to prevent divisions within the West.”
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c70wnjvj1x0o
Disarmament
Ukraine was once the world’s 3rd largest nuclear power on Earth—here’s why it gave them up
After the Soviet Union’s collapse in the early 1990s, Ukraine inherited one of the largest nuclear arsenals in the world, including around 5,000 nuclear weapons, making it the third-largest nuclear power. Despite having this powerful arsenal, Ukraine made the unprecedented decision to give up its nuclear weapons. This move, which would shape the country’s future, set the stage for ongoing conflicts with Russia and created geopolitical challenges in the region.
Ukraine’s decision to denuclearize was based on several factors. Although Ukraine physically possessed the weapons, it did not have control over them—Russia held the launch codes and control systems, rendering Ukraine’s arsenal ineffective as a deterrent. Additionally, maintaining such a large nuclear stockpile was financially unsustainable for a newly independent Ukraine still stabilizing its economy. The cost of securing and potentially operating the weapons was immense, and doing so could provoke a diplomatic crisis with Russia and the West.
Initially, the Budapest Memorandum, which provided security guarantees in exchange for denuclearization, seemed like a positive step for global disarmament. However, Russia’s actions—such as the annexation of Crimea in 2014—undermined the agreement’s legitimacy, showing that commitments by nuclear powers could be easily renounced. This highlighted Ukraine’s vulnerability after relinquishing its nuclear status, particularly as Russia’s aggression in 2022 further demonstrated that international guarantees were unreliable. Ukraine’s request for Western military aid, while significant, raised ongoing questions about the security of its sovereignty in the face of nuclear threats.
After Announcing the End Date for Smartphones, Mark Zuckerberg Is Stepping up the Pace on Their Replacements!
Mark Zuckerberg is accelerating efforts to replace smartphones with smart glasses, as Meta pushes forward with new models, hidden features, and an ambitious vision for the future. With a growing lineup of advanced eyewear, the company is shaping what could be the next major shift in consumer technology.
Supernova and Hypernova: Smart Glasses for Every User
Meta is expanding beyond its Ray-Ban Stories to develop a range of smart glasses tailored for different lifestyles. The Supernova 2, inspired by Oakley’s Sphaera, is designed for athletes and cyclists, featuring an embedded camera, speakers, and AI-driven capabilities.
For a more advanced experience, the Hypernova model will integrate a display into the right lens, showing notifications, messages, and photo previews—bridging the gap between smart glasses and augmented reality. However, with a projected price of $1,000, it is significantly more expensive than entry-level models.
Orion and Artemis: The Future of AR
Meta is also developing Orion, a high-end AR headset with a wrist-worn control device and an external processor, priced at an eye-watering $10,000. Set to launch in 2026, Orion is targeted at developers rather than mainstream consumers. Following that, Artemis, expected in 2027, will refine the concept with improved integration and gesture control.
The Post-Smartphone Era?
While Meta envisions a world beyond smartphones, mass adoption remains uncertain. If successful, these innovations could redefine digital interaction—but if not, smart glasses may remain a niche experiment.
Israel Opposed Direct US-Hamas Talks, Netanyahu Confidante “Lashed Out” At Envoy
A heated exchange took place between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s close adviser and the US official leading secret negotiations with Hamas over hostages, two sources told Axios.
In February, when US officials proposed direct engagement with Hamas, Israeli leaders strongly advised against it. However, the US moved forward regardless. Netanyahu has stated that Israel’s stance was made clear to Washington, but his confidant, Ron Dermer, was notably forceful during a recent call with Adam Boehler, the US hostage envoy.
The call occurred just hours after Boehler met Khalil al-Hayya, a senior Hamas political official and head of its negotiating team, in Doha. Initial discussions had begun with lower-ranking Hamas officials before escalating to this direct meeting.
The negotiations focused on recovering the remains of four deceased American hostages and securing the release of Edan Alexander, a 21-year-old American held captive. This deal was seen as a stepping stone to a broader agreement, including a long-term ceasefire, hostage exchanges, and a potential end to the conflict. However, Israel had not agreed to the release of Palestinian prisoners in exchange for Alexander.
Netanyahu had previously dismissed the possibility of US-Hamas talks, but now that they are underway, Israeli officials are deeply concerned. Sources described Dermer’s call with Boehler as “difficult,” as Dermer objected to negotiations taking place without Israeli approval.
Meanwhile, US President Donald Trump issued a public ultimatum on Truth Social, warning Hamas to release the remaining hostages, signaling heightened tensions and potential future actions by Israel.
Like any other problem, great or small, there is only one way to solve economic problems, and that is through genuine love for humanity. This love will give people guidance; it will show them what to do and what not to do. It is not necessary to study great numbers of books or to rely upon those who speculate with the future of the silent masses. The only essential requirement is to look upon humanity with genuine sympathy.
P R Sarkar on the subject Social Justice 1959
THE END
March 1, 2025
Employment
Scientists warn of consequences as over 800 NOAA workers are fired: ‘Censoring science does not change the facts’
Scientists warn that the Trump administration’s mass firing of hundreds of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA weather forecasters and climate experts will severely hinder climate research and put lives at risk during extreme weather events. Over 800 employees across NOAA, a key federal agency that provides critical weather forecasts, were dismissed in mass layoffs starting Thursday (Feb. 27). The cuts primarily targeted probationary employees, who have fewer job protections and are easier to terminate.
The layoffs align with the White House’s push to reduce the federal workforce, led by the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) under SpaceX CEO Elon Musk. Experts argue this move undermines national safety. “Eliminating key scientists as climate disasters worsen defies logic and fiscal responsibility,” said Juan Declet-Barreto of the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). NOAA’s work benefits farmers, emergency responders, businesses, and the public daily.
Among those let go were National Weather Service (NWS) meteorologists, raising concerns about delayed severe storm and earthquake warnings. Climate scientist Daniel Swain warned, “People will die in extreme weather events who otherwise wouldn’t.” NOAA offices have already begun scaling back services, including halting weather balloon launches in Alaska and pausing Great Lakes research.
Many see the cuts as part of Project 2025, a conservative Heritage Foundation plan labeling NOAA as a driver of “climate change alarmism.” UCS has urged Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick to protect NOAA’s staff and independence. Scientists nationwide plan protests next week, vowing, “We will not go quietly.”
Thousands rally in Serbia as anger over corruption swells
Tens of thousands of students marched into Kragujevac, Serbia, on Saturday, demanding justice for the victims of a railway disaster in one of the largest anti-government protests in years. The demonstrations follow a tragic roof collapse at a newly-renovated train station in Novi Sad, which killed 15 people three months ago. Many Serbians blame government corruption for the disaster, fueling widespread public anger.
Despite near-freezing temperatures, students traveled from across the country, some walking from Belgrade, 140 kilometers away. Waving Serbian flags and beating drums, they were welcomed by cheering locals who offered them homemade food and hot tea. The protesters symbolically blocked a main boulevard for 15 hours and 15 minutes and held a 15-minute silence for the victims.
Prime Minister Milos Vucevic and two other ministers have resigned, and 13 people have been charged over the collapse. However, protests continue, with students occupying universities and blocking roads. They demand transparency over the collapse, justice for the victims, dropped charges for protesters, and increased education funding.
Meanwhile, President Aleksandar Vucic dismissed the protests as foreign-backed attempts to undermine Serbia, while his government pledged an anti-corruption campaign. Yet, the movement shows no sign of fading.
Researchers make breakthrough in understanding the role of tau protein in Alzheimer’s
A research team at the University of Cologne has made a groundbreaking discovery regarding the role of the tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the team identified a specific tau protein isoform, 1N4R, as a key factor in mediating the toxic effects of protein clumps in human brain cells. Their findings were published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia under the title “The TAU isoform 1N4R confers vulnerability of MAPT knockout human iPSC-derived neurons to amyloid beta and phosphorylated TAU-induced neuronal dysfunction.”
Led by Dr. Hans Zempel from the Institute of Human Genetics, the study highlights how protein accumulation in brain cells contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s. When proteins form clumps, they disrupt normal cellular function and can cause cell death. The research team, including Dr. Sarah Buchholz, employed advanced techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and live-cell imaging to analyze the effects of different tau protein isoforms. By selectively expressing these isoforms in nerve cells, they demonstrated that 1N4R tau plays a central role in neuronal dysfunction.
According to Dr. Buchholz, this study is a major step in understanding Alzheimer’s mechanisms and opens new possibilities for targeted treatments. The research underscores the significance of human cell models in neurodegenerative studies and paves the way for future therapeutic developments. Further investigations are needed to validate these findings in animal models and explore potential clinical applications, particularly in designing treatments that could prevent or mitigate tau-related toxicity in Alzheimer’s patients.
Exclusive: Google to be hit with EU charges of breaching Big Tech rules, sources say
Google is set to face charges from the European Commission for allegedly breaching EU regulations designed to curb the power of Big Tech, according to sources familiar with the matter. The charges stem from concerns that Google’s proposed changes to its search results failed to address antitrust regulators’ and rivals’ complaints.
The European Commission has been investigating Google under the Digital Markets Act (DMA) since March last year. One key focus is whether Google unfairly promotes its own services—such as Google Shopping, Google Flights, and Google Hotels—over competitors in search results. Regulators are also scrutinizing whether Google discriminates against third-party services.
Google has made multiple adjustments to its search format in an effort to comply, but most rivals have dismissed these changes as insufficient. The EU watchdog is also reportedly unhappy with Google’s suggestion that it might revert to basic “blue link” search results if further changes are required.
Under the DMA, Google could face fines of up to 10% of its global annual revenue if found guilty of favoring its own products. The decision is expected after rulings on separate investigations into Apple and Meta, which are at a more advanced stage. Another EU probe is examining whether Google limits app developers from informing users about alternative offers outside its App Store.
Georgia’s ethnic minority women keep ancient rugweaving art alive
Preserving Tradition: Georgian Carpet Weavers Keep an Ancient Craft Alive
In the small hill village of Kosalari, Georgia, 65-year-old Zemfira Kajarova has spent nearly five decades weaving the region’s distinctive Persian-style wool carpets. Seated at her decades-old wooden loom, she meticulously knots woolen yarn into intricate patterns, dedicating hours each day to the painstaking craft.
“When I was 16, I got married and moved here,” Zemfira recalls. Unlike her home village 40 kilometers away, Kosalari had a rich carpet-weaving tradition. Each finished piece is carefully shaved, beaten, and scorched to remove dust and loose fibers.
For over a decade, Zemfira has partnered with reWoven, a social enterprise founded by a U.S. missionary, which connects her and other weavers—primarily older women from Georgia’s Muslim Azerbaijani minority—to international buyers. Unlike Iranian silk rugs, the Borchalo carpets they produce feature bold, geometric designs with a limited color palette.
According to reWoven’s co-director, William Dunbar, Iranian rugs dominate the global market, but Caucasian carpets are equally exquisite, though less renowned.
Under Soviet rule and modern industrialization, local carpet-making nearly vanished, sustained only by a handful of elderly artisans in remote villages. Today, weaving is an economic lifeline for Kosalari, where dry land limits farming opportunities and job prospects are scarce. With many young ethnic Azerbaijanis receiving Georgian-language education and seeking other careers, the future of this craft remains uncertain.
“I love weaving and want to keep the tradition alive,” says Zemfira. “But the young people aren’t interested, and there aren’t many of us left.”
Trump administration directs ICE agents to find, deport unaccompanied migrant children
Trump Administration Targets Unaccompanied Migrant Children in Expanded Deportation Effort
The Trump administration is directing immigration agents to track down and deport unaccompanied migrant children who entered the U.S. without a parent, according to an internal memo reviewed by Reuters. The memo outlines a four-phase plan starting with preparation on January 27, though no enforcement date was specified.
Since 2019, over 600,000 children have crossed the U.S.-Mexico border alone, with tens of thousands ordered deported, including 31,000 for missing court hearings. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) declined to comment on the plan.
During Trump’s first term, his “zero tolerance” policy led to family separations, sparking international condemnation. Though halted in 2018, up to 1,000 children remain separated. Now, the administration claims its new initiative, the “Unaccompanied Alien Children Joint Initiative Field Implementation,” is aimed at preventing human trafficking and exploitation.
ICE has categorized unaccompanied minors into three priority groups: “flight risk,” “public safety,” and “border security.” Agents will prioritize children classified as flight risks, such as those ordered deported for missing hearings or released to non-relative sponsors. ICE plans to use databases and government records to locate them.
The initiative also expands vetting of sponsors, requiring fingerprint submissions for background checks. ICE now has increased access to the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) database and is considering DNA testing to verify familial relationships. Additionally, ICE is investigating 247,000 cases of suspected fraud, trafficking, and smuggling, referring cases to the FBI for further action.
EU bans caffeine use in pesticides – because it’s ‘harmful to humans if swallowed’
The European Union (EU) has recently classified caffeine as “harmful to humans if swallowed” under updated chemical safety guidelines, sparking debate. This decision also prohibits its use as a pesticide, citing scientific assessments linking caffeine to potential cardiovascular, hydration, and nervous system risks. While primarily targeting agricultural applications, the ruling has raised concerns about future policies affecting caffeine consumption.
The European Commission referenced findings from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which reported adverse effects of caffeine on heart health, hydration, body temperature, and the central nervous system. It highlighted potential risks for pregnant women and children, including behavioral changes and lower birth weights.
Given coffee’s cultural significance in Europe, critics argue the ruling is unnecessary and fear it could pave the way for stricter caffeine regulations. However, Dr. Jagadish Hiremath, a public health expert, clarifies that the classification follows a precautionary regulatory approach. He explains that concerns mainly stem from high caffeine concentrations in certain non-food products, where excessive exposure could pose health risks. He reassures that moderate caffeine intake through beverages like coffee and tea remains safe, with potential benefits such as improved alertness and reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease and type 2 diabetes.
Regarding potential regulatory impacts, Dr. Hiremath states that the ruling primarily applies to non-food uses, like pesticides, and is unlikely to lead to restrictions on coffee or energy drinks. However, it may prompt stricter labeling and formulation reviews, particularly for high-caffeine products like energy drinks.
Comparing caffeine’s risks to other substances, Dr. Hiremath notes that its effects—such as increased heart rate and anxiety—are dose-dependent and less severe than those of alcohol or refined sugars, which contribute to obesity and metabolic disorders. He advises caution for vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women and individuals with heart conditions.
Trump plans tariffs on Mexico and Canada on March 4, while doubling existing 10% tariffs on China
President Donald Trump announced new tariffs on Canada and Mexico, set to take effect on March 4, 2025, while also doubling the 10% tariff on Chinese imports. Citing fentanyl smuggling as a major issue, Trump claimed import taxes would pressure countries to crack down on drug trafficking.
In a Truth Social post, he stated, “We cannot allow this scourge to continue to harm the USA, and therefore, until it stops, or is seriously limited, the proposed TARIFFS scheduled to go into effect on MARCH FOURTH will, indeed, go into effect.”
The announcement rattled global markets, with the S&P 500 dropping 1.6% on Thursday. Economists warn the tariffs could worsen inflation and hurt domestic manufacturers. Trump plans a 25% tariff on imports from Mexico and Canada, with a 10% tax on Canadian energy products. In response, Mexico and Canada highlighted their anti-drug efforts—Mexico deployed 10,000 National Guard troops, while Canada appointed a fentanyl czar and pledged $1 billion to border security.
Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum expressed hope for a resolution through diplomatic talks, while Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau warned of retaliatory tariffs totaling $125 billion if the U.S. proceeds.
China, also facing increased tariffs, urged trade negotiations. Analysts estimate the U.S. public will bear an additional $120-$225 billion in costs from the North American tariffs alone. With Trump also targeting European imports and key industries like autos and pharmaceuticals, concerns grow over a global trade war and its economic consequences.
‘World’s oldest pyramid’ built 25,000 years ago was not made by humans, archaeologists claim
The Guinness World Records officially recognizes Egypt’s Djoser Step Pyramid (circa 2,630 BC) as the world’s oldest pyramid. However, a controversial study published in October suggests that a layer of Indonesia’s Gunung Padang pyramid may date back as far as 25,000 BC. This claim has sparked debate, with some experts questioning whether the structure was even man-made.
Led by Danny Hilman Natawidjaja of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, the research, published in Archaeological Prospection, argues that Gunung Padang’s core is made of precisely sculpted andesite lava. The authors suggest that the pyramid was originally a natural lava hill, later shaped and enclosed by early builders. They claim this challenges conventional beliefs that advanced construction techniques only emerged around 11,000 years ago with agriculture.
However, critics remain skeptical. Flint Dibble of Cardiff University dismissed the study, stating there is no clear evidence that the buried layers were human-made. He argues that naturally occurring materials can align on their own over time. Similarly, archaeologist Bill Farley notes that while the soil samples were accurately dated, they lack signs of human activity, such as charcoal or bone fragments.
In response, Natawidjaja has invited international researchers to further investigate Gunung Padang, while Archaeological Prospection has launched an inquiry into the study’s claims.
Until you come to a clear conclusion after proper analysis, you cannot rescue the people from the tightening noose of exploitation. Here the importance of study is tremendous – you will have to do it. You cannot afford to shut the pages of your books and remain like frogs in the well. You must enlarge your mental horizons and move ahead by shattering all social bondages.
Shri P R Sarkar
Awakened Conscience
22 March 1982, Kolkata
THE END
February 22, 2025
Education
Driving literacy through linguistic diversity and mother-language based learning
On the 25th edition of International Mother Language Day, three UNESCO International Literacy Prize laureates share their inspiring stories, demonstrating how literacy and mother languages are transforming education and empowering communities.
According to UNESCO’s World Atlas of Languages, there are 8,324 spoken or signed languages, with 7,000 still in use today. However, only 351 are used as languages of instruction, and linguistic diversity is under threat, with many languages disappearing at an alarming rate.
Native Scientists: Bridging Science and Language for Migrant Children
In 2022, the United Kingdom’s Native Scientists programme received the UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize for promoting science and literacy among marginalized children across 12 countries. It connects migrant students with STEM professionals who share their native language and cultural heritage, fostering meaningful learning experiences.
GraphoGame: Advancing Multilingual Literacy through Technology
Recognized with the 2023 UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize, Finland’s GraphoGame enhances literacy through game-based learning in over 30 languages. CEO Mervi Palander emphasizes that “a child’s first language is the key to unlocking lifelong learning.” Since winning the award, GraphoGame has expanded multilingual offerings and collaborated with education ministries to integrate mother tongue-based literacy tools into national curricula. Challenges include a lack of localized content and digital access limitations, but the programme continues to advocate for inclusive language policies.
DREAM Project: Promoting Linguistic Inclusion in the Dominican Republic
In a Spanish-dominant education system, children of Haitian descent face barriers in learning their mother tongue. The DREAM Project, awarded the 2023 UNESCO Confucius Prize for Literacy, fosters multilingual education by integrating Haitian Creole, Spanish, and English. By developing culturally relevant materials and advocating for inclusive language policies, DREAM ensures that no child is left behind.
Since 1967, UNESCO International Literacy Prizes have recognized excellence in literacy, highlighting the importance of mother tongue-based education in fostering inclusive and effective learning worldwide.
From plants to people: How amino acid, vitamin balance links plant immunity to epilepsy
LEXINGTON, Ky. (Feb. 17, 2024) — A groundbreaking study by researchers at the University of Kentucky’s Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment has uncovered a biochemical link between plant immune responses and human neurological health.
Published in Nature Plants and funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the study reveals that metabolic pathways regulating vitamin B6 homeostasis—essential for epilepsy and immune function—are shared by plants and humans. This discovery reinforces the nutritional value of plant-based diets and their role in human health.
Focusing on lysine catabolism, researchers found that plants produce Δ1-piperideine-6-carboxylic acid (P6C) during lysine breakdown, mirroring human processes where elevated P6C levels are linked to pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. Increased P6C levels in plants disrupted vitamin B6 balance, depleting key B6 forms and weakening immunity.
“Our findings highlight deep evolutionary processes shaping biochemical signaling across life forms,” said lead researcher Huazhen Liu, Ph.D., a postdoctoral scholar in Martin-Gatton CAFE. Liu emphasized how fundamental metabolites like vitamins and amino acids have been conserved throughout evolution.
The study also traces the evolutionary origins of lysine and proline metabolism enzymes in plants, likely acquired from bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. Over time, these enzymes helped regulate vitamin B6 levels and detoxify reactive metabolic intermediates.
Beyond plant immunity, this research underscores the vital role of vitamin B6 in neurotransmitter function and metabolism. “We must approach vitamin supplementation cautiously and prioritize plant-based diets for nutrition,” said Pradeep Kachroo, Ph.D., professor of plant pathology in Martin-Gatton CAFE.
The research team, including Aardra Kachroo, Ph.D., collaborated with the National Library of Medicine, SCIEX, and the University of Warwick. The Center for Agricultural and Life Sciences Metabolomics (CALM) at Martin-Gatton CAFE played a key role in the study.
Heatwave forces South Sudan to shut schools as health risks rise for students
South Sudan has once again closed schools amid a severe heatwave, with temperatures expected to reach 42°C (107.6°F). The government announced on Thursday that all schools would remain shut for two weeks due to extreme temperatures causing students to collapse.
This marks the second time the country has taken such measures during February and March. South Sudan, already grappling with climate change effects such as flooding, faces significant challenges in managing extreme weather conditions.
Deputy Education Minister Martin Tako Moi reported that an average of 12 students were collapsing daily in Juba due to the intense heat. Many schools lack proper infrastructure, relying on makeshift structures with iron sheets and no electricity for cooling systems.
Environment Minister Josephine Napwon Cosmos urged residents to stay indoors and stay hydrated as temperatures continue to rise. To mitigate the impact of the heatwave, she suggested that government employees work in shifts to prevent heat strokes.
The recurring heatwaves underscore South Sudan’s vulnerability to climate change, highlighting the urgent need for improved school infrastructure and sustainable climate adaptation measures.
‘Brics broke up’: Trump claims bloc went silent after 150% tariff threat
US President Donald Trump has repeatedly warned BRICS nations against challenging the dominance of the US dollar with an alternative global reserve currency.
On Friday, Trump claimed that BRICS, which includes India, had “broken up” after he threatened to impose 150% tariffs in response to any efforts undermining the US dollar. He emphasized that any BRICS nation considering replacing the dollar would face severe trade penalties.
“I don’t know what happened to them. We haven’t heard from the BRICS states lately,” Trump remarked. “They wanted to create a new currency to destroy our dollar. So, I made it clear—any BRICS state even mentioning the destruction of the dollar would face a 150% tariff. We don’t want their goods, and then BRICS just broke up,” he stated.
BRICS is an intergovernmental organization consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran, and the UAE.
Reiterating his stance, Trump claimed that since his warning, BRICS had gone silent. “I don’t know what happened to them. We haven’t heard from the BRICS states lately,” he repeated.
Trump calls Zelenskyy ‘comedian, dictator’ who entered into a war that couldn’t be won
US President Donald J. Trump criticized Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on Wednesday, calling him a “comedian” and “dictator” who “shattered” Ukraine. Trump accused Zelenskyy of persuading the US to spend billions on a war that “couldn’t be won and never had to start.”
Trump has recently initiated negotiations with Russia to end the war, a move that has caught Kyiv off guard. Zelenskyy responded by accusing Trump of being trapped in a “disinformation bubble” and promoting Russian narratives.
“Think of it, a modestly successful comedian, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, talked the US into spending $350 billion on a war that couldn’t be won,” Trump wrote on Truth Social. He further accused Zelenskyy of avoiding elections and manipulating US leadership.
On February 12, Trump spoke with Putin for nearly 90 minutes, leading to preliminary peace negotiations between US Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov in Riyadh. Ukraine was not included in these discussions.
This shift has unsettled the European Union, prompting French President Emmanuel Macron to convene EU leaders to coordinate a response. Trump has also criticized the Biden administration’s Ukraine policy, arguing that Zelenskyy has mishandled the war and millions have died unnecessarily. He further alleged that Kyiv rejected a deal involving $500 billion in critical minerals in exchange for security guarantees. US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent recently visited Ukraine to discuss these resources, marking the first high-level visit since Trump took office.
To save endangered trees, researchers in South America recruit an army of fungi
Mycorrhizal fungi live in symbiosis with plants, providing them with nutrients necessary to thrive and potentially playing a key part in preserving threatened species.
Although research into mycorrhizae has so far been sparse in Latin America, efforts are gaining momentum, with experts studying how the fungi could help save the Colombian black oak, an endangered, endemic species.
In Huila, Colombia, local communities are successfully working with researchers on a black oak restoration project using seeds “inoculated” with fungi.
On a rare sunny July day amid an unusually rainy season, Adriana Corrales and her team trek through the cloud forests of Huila, Colombia. Birds sing and monkeys howl above, but their focus is on the ground. Corrales, a fungi ecologist with SPUN, is searching for mycorrhizal fungi, essential to the survival of the endangered Colombian black oak (Trigonobalanus excelsa).
These fungi form vast underground networks, breaking down organic matter and extracting nutrients from rocks to sustain plants. In return, plants provide them with sugars. Despite their critical ecological role, tropical mycorrhizal fungi remain largely unstudied, with no South American genome sequenced due to funding and access challenges. Corrales aims to change that.
Huila’s cloud forests, once dominated by black oaks, have been cleared for coffee farming. The tree, a relic of an ancient lineage dating back 100 million years, now survives in fragmented patches. Corrales’ team collects soil and fungi samples, using DNA sequencing to understand their role. Her research has identified 250 unique fungi species associated with the tree.
Through a restoration project, Corrales and local farmers inoculate saplings with fungi-rich soil, successfully growing black oaks where previous efforts failed. As Corrales notes, “If the black oak disappears, so do the fungi—and if the fungi disappear, so will the oaks.”
Drone Captures Rare Images of Isolated People Cut Off from the Rest of the World
The last uncontacted tribes on Earth live in extreme isolation, hidden from modern civilization by dense jungles, remote islands, and government protection. Aerial photographs and videos have given the world rare glimpses into their lives, showcasing their survival, curiosity, and defiance. These visuals offer a powerful, unsettling look at an existence vastly different from our own, with one observer noting the striking fact that they are unaware of supermarkets, Wi-Fi, or even electricity.
Among the most well-known uncontacted groups are the Sentinelese, living on North Sentinel Island in the Andaman Islands, India. Estimated at 50-200 individuals, they have resisted contact for thousands of years, defending their land with bows and spears. The Indian government has imposed strict no-contact policies to protect them from disease and cultural disruption. Similarly, uncontacted tribes thrive in the Amazon’s Javari Valley, on the Brazil-Peru border. These tribes, safeguarded by the Brazilian government through FUNAI, face threats from illegal loggers and traffickers pushing into their lands.
Despite protections, external threats are growing. Deforestation, disease exposure, and violence from illegal groups put these tribes at risk. Experts like José Carlos dos Reis Meirelles emphasize the urgent need for their protection. The case of John Allen Chau, who attempted to contact the Sentinelese and died, underscores the dangers of forcing interaction. While satellite and drone footage brings these tribes into the global spotlight, experts agree that non-contact is the ethical path, as modern encroachment could destroy their fragile way of life.
Exclusive: Russia could concede $300 billion in frozen assets as part of Ukraine war settlement, sources say
Russia may agree to use $300 billion of sovereign assets frozen in Europe for Ukraine’s reconstruction, but insists that a portion of the funds be allocated to the one-fifth of the country controlled by Moscow’s forces, according to three sources speaking to Reuters. These discussions come after the first face-to-face talks between the United States and Russia on ending the Ukraine war, held in Saudi Arabia on February 18. Both U.S. President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin have expressed interest in meeting again soon.
After Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the U.S. and its allies froze $300-$350 billion of Russia’s sovereign assets, mostly in the form of European, U.S., and British government bonds. The possibility of using these funds for Ukraine’s reconstruction is under preliminary discussion in Moscow, with some suggesting it could be part of a peace deal. The war has devastated large areas of eastern Ukraine, and the World Bank has estimated reconstruction costs at $486 billion.
Although these discussions are in the early stages, the idea of using the frozen reserves is significant, potentially indicating Russia’s willingness to compromise. However, Moscow’s key demands for peace include Ukraine withdrawing from territories it claims, and halting Ukraine’s NATO ambitions, while Ukraine insists on Russia’s full withdrawal and Western security guarantees. The idea of using frozen Russian funds has not been previously reported, and it remains unclear if it was discussed in the Saudi talks.
According to PROUT, increases in per capita income are not a sufficiently reliable and scientific index to determine the standard and progress of a particular socio-economic unit. Rather, this approach is misleading and deceitful, because it refers to a simple mathematical calculation of total national income divided by total population. This does not give the correct picture of the standard of living of the people of a particular socio-economic unit as the wealth disparity in society is concealed. Per capita income shows the mean and not the variation of income distribution. If inflation is also considered, the reliability of per capita income is further reduced.
Purchasing capacity, on the other hand, is the real index of how people’s economic needs can be met by their income.
Shri P R Sarkar
Proutist Economics
December 1987, Calcutta
THE END
February 15, 2025
Education
Zambia launches “Go Public! Fund Education” campaign to address critical challenges in education
Zambia has officially launched the Education International (EI) “Go Public! Fund Education” campaign in Lusaka to enhance public education. Led by Education International Africa (EIA), this initiative addresses critical challenges in the national education system, advocating for increased investment to ensure quality learning for all. Zambia joins 24 other African nations in this movement.
Call for Increased Education Funding
During the launch, EIA Director Dr. Dennis Sinyolo acknowledged Zambia’s progress, including free education from early childhood to grade 12 and the recruitment of over 40,000 teachers in the past three years. These efforts align with Sustainable Development Goal 4, promoting inclusive and equitable education. However, he noted persistent challenges, such as a shortage of qualified teachers and inadequate funding, which currently stands at 14.5% of the national budget—below the recommended 20%. Dr. Sinyolo urged the government to allocate at least 20% of the national budget or 6% of GDP to education. He also called on the international community, including the G20, to provide debt relief, unlocking resources for public services.
Government and Stakeholder Commitment
Education Minister Douglas Syakalima reaffirmed the government’s dedication to quality education. Parliamentary Education Committee Chairperson Harry Kamboni stressed collective advocacy for increased funding. Education unions—BETUZ, SESTUZ, and ZNUT—united in support, underscoring the need for greater investment. Civil society organizations, including the Zambian Congress of Trade Unions and Action Aid, echoed this sentiment.
This campaign seeks to ensure every child in Zambia receives a well-supported, high-quality education, shaping a brighter future for the nation.
Little to No Snow This Winter Leaves Nearly 100% of Nebraska Facing Drought Conditions
Nebraska has seen minimal snowfall this winter, but for cattleman Craig Uden, the mild conditions have made for an excellent feeding season. Uden, a fourth-generation rancher and part-owner of Darr Feedlot in central Nebraska, said the state has received only about six inches of snow. With numerous 50–60℉ days, his cattle have remained in the cornfields longer, making wintering them much easier.
La Niña Raises Drought Concerns
Despite the favorable winter, Uden is wary of a potential drought as Nebraska experiences another La Niña pattern, similar to 2022. That year, severe drought conditions forced him to wean calves unusually early in July and August. He also sold a significant number of older cows, resulting in a younger, smaller herd today. Uden hopes for substantial rainfall before May to alleviate drought stress and improve grazing conditions.
Grass Shortages & Heifer Retention Challenges
Poor pasture conditions, rising costs, and labor shortages make keeping additional heifers difficult. Uden explained that carrying a heifer for 18 months without immediate returns, especially with high interest rates, is a financial strain. Many landowners leasing pastures are hesitant to take on more cattle due to the dry summer and limited precipitation. Currently, 92% of Nebraska faces drought stress.
Water Remains a Critical Concern
While Nebraska typically has water but lacks grass, prolonged dry conditions could make water availability an issue. Uden remains hopeful, noting better subsoil moisture this year, but stresses that consistent rainfall is crucial for sustaining operations.
Eastern storm cuts power to tens of thousands as California braces for flooding
A powerful storm system swept across the eastern U.S., bringing heavy snow and freezing rain from Kentucky to Washington, D.C., causing traffic accidents, power outages, and concerns over flooding. Meanwhile, California braced for an atmospheric river that could flood wildfire-ravaged areas.
Snowstorm Disrupts Travel and Power
The storm dumped over 14 inches of snow in Iron Gate, Virginia, and 12 inches in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. By Wednesday, more than 190,000 customers in Virginia and 16,000 in North Carolina were without power. Appalachian Power deployed over 5,700 workers to restore electricity. The storm also caused major air travel disruptions, with nearly 7,000 flights canceled or delayed nationwide, including 300 at Ronald Reagan National Airport near Washington. Schools across Virginia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., remained closed for a second day.
Rising Flood Threat
As temperatures climbed Wednesday, melting snow and rain increased the risk of flooding across eastern Tennessee, southwestern Virginia, and surrounding areas. Meteorologists warned that swollen rivers and streams could pose threats through Thursday morning.
Dangerous Road Conditions and Accidents
Icy roads led to hundreds of crashes, including a fatal head-on collision in Kentucky. Virginia State Police reported 850 accidents, while Maryland recorded 235 crashes. West Virginia also saw multiple highway shutdowns due to wrecks.
Storm Impacts Extend West
A separate storm brought heavy snow from Oklahoma to the Great Lakes, closing schools and government offices. In Missouri, a plane slid off an icy taxiway, though no injuries were reported.
California Prepares for Floods
California issued evacuation warnings for wildfire-affected areas ahead of expected heavy rainfall. Over 10,000 residents had already lost power as light rain began falling Wednesday.
Paris AI Summit 2025: 5 Critical Themes Shaping Global AI Policy
Paris AI Action Summit: From Talk to Action
The Paris AI Action Summit shifts focus from AI safety discussions to implementation, tackling key themes: public interest AI, jobs, investment, ethics, and regulation. This marks the third major global AI summit, following meetings in the UK and South Korea.
AI for Public Good & Investment Gaps
Czech President Peter Pavel highlighted AI’s potential in medicine, energy, and education. However, beyond projects like AlphaFold, widespread “AI for good” applications remain limited. Private companies dominate development, raising concerns about fairness and sovereignty. In response, France proposed a global platform for open-access AI projects.
Workforce Challenges
AI is set to impact 40% of jobs worldwide, replacing some while complementing others. Lower-skilled workers are most vulnerable, and reskilling efforts remain inadequate. Mozilla Foundation’s Nabiha Syed warns that even traditionally secure jobs are at risk due to generative AI. Governments must incentivize AI education to ensure workers adapt.
Global AI Investment Race
AI funding disparities are growing. Europe lags behind, securing only $15.8 billion in venture capital for AI in 2024 compared to North America’s $100 billion. France has pledged €109 billion for AI, while the UAE announced a €30-50 billion data center investment. A coalition of investors has promised €150 billion, provided Europe fosters a more competitive AI landscape.
Ethics, Regulation & Global Standards
While past summits established AI safety commitments, enforcement remains weak. The Paris summit aims to push for stronger regulations and international cooperation. With the EU’s AI Act now in effect, will this summit lead to a global AI governance framework?
Seen from space ― Earth has a sixth ocean, and it’s being born in real time
Earth’s Hidden Transformations: A New Ocean and a Deep Water Reservoir
Geological processes constantly reshape our planet, often in unexpected ways. Two recent discoveries challenge our understanding of Earth’s hydrology: the gradual formation of a new ocean in East Africa and the revelation of a vast water reservoir deep within the mantle.
A New Ocean Emerging in Africa
A dramatic transformation is underway beneath Ethiopia’s desert. In 2005, a massive 35-mile crack appeared, marking the birth of the East African Rift. This rift, stretching through Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania, is the result of the Somali and Nubian tectonic plates slowly pulling apart. Scientists predict that in 5 to 10 million years, the split will be complete, forming a new ocean. Similar to the rift that once separated South America from Africa, this process will reshape the continent’s geography, affecting climate and marine ecosystems. Meanwhile, seismic activity in the region is already causing disruptions, highlighting the real-time impact of plate tectonics.
Earth’s Hidden Ocean
Even more astonishing is the discovery of a massive underground water reservoir 700 kilometers beneath the surface, trapped within the mineral ringwoodite. Scientists believe this reservoir may hold more water than all Earth’s oceans combined. This finding suggests Earth’s water may have originated from within, rather than from asteroids. It also raises questions about water’s role in tectonic activity, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.
These discoveries underscore the dynamic nature of our planet, revealing that Earth’s transformation is an ongoing, ever-evolving process.
China’s Population Woes: Marriages hit historic low, birth rates plummet, divorces rise
China’s Marriage Rates Plummet to Historic Low
China’s marriage rate dropped by 20.5% in 2024, reaching its lowest level since records began in 1986, according to the Ministry of Civil Affairs. Only 6.1 million couples registered their marriages last year, a sharp decline from 7.7 million in 2023. This trend reflects deepening demographic challenges, despite government efforts to encourage marriage and childbirth.
The decline in marriages aligns with China’s shrinking population, which has been decreasing for three consecutive years. After losing its position as the world’s most populous country to India in 2023, China faces growing concerns over its aging workforce and economic stability. In 2024 alone, the working-age population (16-59 years old) dropped by 6.83 million, while seniors aged 60 and above now make up 22% of the total population.
Marriage registrations have steadily declined since peaking at 13 million in 2013. This trend threatens China’s long-term economic outlook, as fewer marriages typically lead to lower birth rates. Despite a slight uptick in births last year, the overall population decline persists, raising fears of labor shortages and increasing social welfare burdens. Experts warn that reversing this trend will require significant policy shifts.
The U.S. Imported Billions of Animals in Recent Decades, Fueling Global Wildlife Trade
The Global Wildlife Trade: A Massive Market with Consequences
The global wildlife trade is a multi-billion-dollar industry, and the United States is one of its largest participants. Over the past two decades, nearly 2.9 billion animals from around 30,000 species have been legally imported into the U.S., supporting industries from pet trade to medical research. However, this vast market has far-reaching consequences, driving species extinction, spreading invasive species, and increasing the risk of disease spillover to humans.
Experts believe the legal wildlife trade can be managed more sustainably, but this requires significant reforms in data collection and stricter enforcement of international trade regulations. Despite existing treaties like the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), illegal trafficking remains widespread. Between 2015 and 2021, global authorities confiscated 13 million illegally traded wildlife products, weighing over 16,000 tons.
The trade spans industries. The pet and zoo industry often captures animals from the wild, including reptiles, fish, and big cats, while the fashion industry demands mink fur, snake scales, and crocodile skins. The medical sector imports nearly 39,000 macaques annually for research, and traditional Chinese medicine accounts for 75% of endangered wildlife product trade in Hong Kong.
Despite the U.S. having the most extensive wildlife trade data, significant gaps remain due to the overwhelming volume of traded species. Improved tracking systems are necessary to understand the full impact on biodiversity. For example, the pass stubfoot toad from Costa Rica was declared extinct in 2019 due to trade pressures.
Efforts to combat illegal trafficking continue. In 2024, Interpol dismantled six transnational wildlife crime networks, arresting 365 individuals and rescuing over 20,000 animals. Addressing this crisis requires balancing conservation efforts with economic needs, ensuring that both wildlife and communities reliant on trade can coexist sustainably.
Hungary’s Orbán predicts Trump will bring Russia back into Western fold after war
BUDAPEST, Hungary — The Trump administration is set to reintegrate Russia into the global economy and Western energy networks if the war in Ukraine ends, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán said Friday.
Speaking on state radio, Orbán claimed former U.S. President Donald Trump has shifted the West’s approach to Russia and that his recent peace efforts could lead to Moscow’s return to European security and energy systems. “If Trump makes peace, Russia will be reintegrated into the world economy. This is a huge opportunity for Hungary,” said Orbán, a close ally of both Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
A phone call Wednesday between Trump and Putin, during which they agreed to pursue negotiations, marked a sharp departure from the U.S.-led efforts to isolate Russia over Ukraine. The move has raised concerns in Kyiv and other European capitals about a possible settlement without their input.
Orbán, who has repeatedly opposed EU sanctions on Russia, praised Trump’s diplomacy, calling it a “Trump tornado” that is rapidly reshaping global politics.
Hungary remains heavily dependent on Russian oil and gas. Orbán warned that the EU could collapse if energy prices remain high, claiming that without reform, “the European Union will fall apart by itself.”
Growing geopolitical tensions underscore the need for stronger action on critical minerals security
The critical minerals market has experienced significant volatility in recent years. Prices surged in 2021-2022 before plummeting, with lithium prices dropping over 80% since 2023 after an eightfold increase. Nickel, cobalt, and graphite prices have also halved over the same period. Despite steady demand growth—lithium rising 25% annually and other key minerals by 7-10%—oversupply from Africa, Indonesia, and China, coupled with downstream inventory surpluses, has driven prices down.
Although supply appears sufficient, security remains uncertain due to increasing trade restrictions, particularly from China. Future supply-demand projections indicate potential tightening, especially for lithium and copper. By 2035, lithium demand is expected to be 50% higher than available supply from existing and announced projects. While nickel, cobalt, and graphite supply volumes may not face immediate risks, market concentration is a concern, with most refining projects concentrated among a few major producers. Approximately 75% of refined lithium, nickel, and cobalt projects, and over 90% of battery-grade graphite projects, are controlled by the top three suppliers, increasing vulnerability to disruptions.
A resilience assessment excluding the largest suppliers (China for lithium, cobalt, and graphite; Indonesia for nickel) revealed potential supply gaps. In 2035, only 25-30% of N-1 demand for cobalt and graphite would be met, while lithium and nickel supply would cover just 60% and 55%, respectively. Recent export controls on critical minerals further highlight risks. A severe supply shock, such as a graphite disruption, could drive a tenfold price increase, inflating battery costs by 45% and significantly slowing EV adoption, especially in the U.S. and Europe.
The members of the cooperatives should decide the policies concerning such things as agricultural production, price fixation and the sale of agricultural commodities. Local people should not only control cooperative bodies, but supervise all activities related to the local economy. The local administration will have to assist the economic development of cooperatives. The price of agricultural commodities should be fixed on a rational basis by taking into account the price of commodities, the cost of labour, raw materials, transportation and storage; depreciation; sinking funds; etc. In addition, this price should include a rational profit of not more than fifteen percent of the cost of production. In a decentralized economy agriculture will have the same status as industry.
–Shri P. R. Sarkar 16 March 1982, Calcutta From PROUT in a Nutshell, Vol. 4, Part 21
THE END
Economy
February 8, 2025
India’s Neighbour Strikes Jackpot Twice In Two Months: Nearly 1200 Metric Tonnes Of Gold Reserves Discovered Worth Rs…
China has recently made two major gold discoveries, uncovering nearly 1,200 metric tonnes of reserves. These findings could significantly bolster its economy and reinforce its dominance in the global gold market. As the world’s largest gold producer, contributing around 10% of global output in 2023, China continues to expand its mineral wealth.
In November 2024, a massive gold deposit of 1,000 metric tonnes was discovered in Pingjiang County, Hunan province. The reserve is valued at approximately 600 billion yuan ($82.9 billion or Rs 6.9 lakh crore). This could be one of the largest gold discoveries to date, adding substantial value to China’s resource portfolio.
Just two months later, in January 2025, another 168 metric tonnes of gold were found across Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang provinces. These discoveries further strengthen China’s hold in the gold sector, enhancing its economic stability and global influence.
Chinese state media highlighted the importance of these new reserves, emphasizing their role in boosting both domestic mining and global gold supply. With gold being a crucial asset in financial markets, these discoveries could have broader implications, potentially affecting global gold prices and trade dynamics.
China’s continuous exploration and resource expansion reinforce its strategic position in the mining industry. These discoveries not only contribute to economic growth but also support China’s long-term goal of resource self-sufficiency, ensuring a stable supply of the precious metal amid fluctuating global markets.
From Italy To Taiwan, Countries That Have Banned The Use Of China’s DeepSeek
DeepSeek’s meteoric rise has sparked global scrutiny over its security risks. Regulators worldwide are now investigating the Chinese AI app, with several countries already taking action. Italy and Australia have banned its use within government agencies, while privacy regulators in Ireland, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands have flagged concerns about its data collection practices.
South Korea’s Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy has also imposed temporary restrictions on employee access to DeepSeek, citing security threats. Meanwhile, in the U.S., concerns over national security have prompted legislative action. Senator Josh Hawley recently introduced a bill seeking to ban the app nationwide. If passed, the law would prohibit individuals from using DeepSeek or engaging with other Chinese-developed AI technologies, with penalties of up to $1 million in fines and potential imprisonment.
Countries That Have Banned DeepSeek AI
Italy
Italy was among the first to take action, blocking DeepSeek in January 2025 over user data protection concerns. The Italian Data Protection Authority, Garante, deemed DeepSeek’s compliance with EU laws “insufficient” and ordered its removal from app stores.
Taiwan
Taiwan’s Ministry of Digital Affairs banned DeepSeek in government agencies, state-owned enterprises, and public schools, citing risks of cross-border data transmission and potential security breaches.
Australia
Australia has barred government workers from using DeepSeek, following a directive from the Department of Home Affairs. While private citizens remain unaffected, officials have warned users to be cautious about digital privacy risks.
USAID staff will be put on leave starting on Friday
Thousands of USAID employees will be placed on leave starting Friday night, according to a statement from the agency. The directive affects all “direct-hire personnel” except those assigned to mission-critical functions, core leadership, and designated programs. Employees will be notified by Thursday afternoon.
The Trump administration has criticized USAID for inefficient spending and is aligning it with the president’s policy goals. Staff and Democratic lawmakers have opposed the cuts, warning of risks to global security and humanitarian efforts. Trump’s earlier freeze on foreign aid has already disrupted international relief programs.
USAID, which provides aid to over 100 countries, employs 10,000 people, with two-thirds stationed abroad. Founded in 1961, it operates on a $40 billion annual budget, roughly 0.6% of federal spending. The agency will work with the State Department to repatriate affected employees within 30 days.
Some staff, including those in conflict zones, face uncertainty regarding their withdrawal. These changes are part of broader cuts coordinated with Elon Musk’s unofficial Department of Government Efficiency. Among the affected nations is Haiti, where the U.S. froze $13.3 million in aid before exempting $40.7 million for security forces.
Critics see the agency’s potential closure as an illegitimate power grab. Trump’s top diplomat, Marco Rubio, has been appointed acting USAID head amid reports of a merger with the State Department. Closing USAID entirely would require congressional approval.
Democrats have called the changes illegal, warning they could undermine America’s global influence and endanger vulnerable populations reliant on U.S. aid.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx253xjnxrmo
Politics
Philippine vice-president Sara Duterte impeached over allegations including plot to kill president
Philippine Vice President Sara Duterte has been impeached on charges including plotting to assassinate President Ferdinand Marcos Jr., large-scale corruption, and failing to condemn China’s aggressive actions in the South China Sea. The move by the House of Representatives, dominated by Marcos allies, deepens political tensions between the two leaders.
Marcos has strengthened ties with the U.S., while Duterte’s father, former President Rodrigo Duterte, fostered relations with China and Russia. Sara Duterte has not commented, but her brother, Representative Paolo Duterte, called it “political persecution.” She has accused Marcos, his wife, and House Speaker Martin Romualdez of corruption and silencing her ahead of the 2028 elections.
The impeachment complaint, signed by 215 legislators—including Marcos’s son, Representative Sandro Marcos—now heads to the Senate, which will act as a tribunal. The complaint alleges Duterte abused power, misused intelligence funds, and failed to stand against Chinese aggression.
A key issue was a statement in which she claimed to have contracted an assassin to kill Marcos, his wife, and Romualdez if she were killed. Though she later downplayed the remark, it triggered national security concerns. Allegations of corruption stem from a House investigation into the misuse of $10.5 million in confidential funds.
Once political allies, Duterte and Marcos have grown increasingly divided. Her silence on China’s actions in disputed waters further fueled accusations of undermining government policies. If convicted, she faces removal from office and a ban from public service.
“Only three jobs will survive AI”: Bill Gates paints a grim picture for the future of work
The Future of Work in an AI-Driven World
As technology advances rapidly, the future of work is a pressing issue. Bill Gates has made a bold prediction: only three professions will withstand the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). This raises critical questions—are workers ready for this transformation?
AI’s Impact on Jobs
AI is reshaping industries, automating routine tasks, and leaving humans to focus on creativity and problem-solving. Gates believes AI will reduce working hours, making jobs more fulfilling. However, it will also disrupt employment, with automation replacing many traditional roles.
The Three Surviving Professions
According to Gates, three fields will remain resilient: energy, biology, and AI system programming. Energy roles require complex problem-solving and sustainability efforts that demand human oversight. Biological sciences, especially in healthcare, need human empathy and intricate understanding. AI programming itself will remain essential, as humans will still be needed to develop and refine these systems.
To adapt, Gates urges individuals to gain skills in coding and digital literacy. Educational institutions are responding by integrating programming into their curricula. In Silicon Valley, students who learn to code early are securing internships at top tech firms, proving the advantage of digital skills.
Challenges & Ethical Considerations
AI will also revolutionize education, offering personalized learning experiences. However, concerns remain about ethical AI development and job displacement. Organizations like the World Economic Forum advocate for policies that ensure AI benefits everyone.
The shift is inevitable, but preparation varies. Countries like Germany are investing in reskilling programs, ensuring workers stay relevant. Stories like Maria’s—a former factory worker turned AI developer—highlight the power of adaptability in an AI-driven world.
Corn-based material introduced for biodegradable packaging
Corn Next Introduces Biodegradable Corn-Based Packaging
Biotech company Corn Next has unveiled CornNext-17, a sustainable, corn starch-based material created through a natural fermentation process. Designed for biodegradable packaging, it can be used to manufacture straws, tableware, and single-use food containers.
David Xu, the company’s fractional CFO, stated that CornNext-17 is USDA and BPI certified, breaking down in just 30 days without additional processing. It is PFAS-free and safe for wildlife—birds can consume it, and when mixed with water, it serves as fish food.
Corn Next, originally launched in China, is relocating its headquarters and operations to Decatur, Illinois, by mid-year. The move brings it closer to Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), which will supply corn starch feedstock, and to research institutions like the University of Illinois for further product development.
The push for biobased plastics has led to exploration of alternative materials like corn, seaweed, fungi, and shrimp shells. Corn Next’s material functions similarly to PLA and PHA bioplastics but decomposes faster due to its additive-free formulation and low-energy fermentation process.
The company has refined CornNext-17’s durability. Early versions dissolved in 30 minutes, but the latest iteration lasts 45 minutes in hot water and two hours in cold water. A graphene-enhanced version extends durability to five hours in cold water.
While primarily a materials supplier, Corn Next produces demo items like straws, cutlery, and food trays to showcase applications. The material is also compatible with existing plastic production lines and can be used in plastic bags, films, and medical packaging. By year’s end, Corn Next expects to increase production to 20–30 tons per day in Illinois.
Gunfire and Bandits Make School an Impossible Dream for Haitian Children
Haitian Children Struggle as Gang Violence Shuts Down Schools
Ten-year-old Faida Pierre hasn’t attended school in a year. The last time she did, she was found barefoot and crying on the rooftop as gangs stormed her Port-au-Prince neighborhood. As gunfire grew louder, teachers urged parents to collect their children before fleeing for safety. Faida, caught in the chaos, ended up alone.
Like 300,000 other Haitian children, Faida’s education came to an abrupt halt due to escalating gang violence. Many schools remain closed, either occupied by gangs or repurposed as shelters for the one million displaced people who fled their homes. UNICEF estimates 15,000 families sought refuge in government and school buildings last year.
Even where schools are open, many families can’t afford fees, uniforms, or supplies. Most Haitian children attend private schools, but even public institutions charge modest fees—unaffordable for families whose businesses and homes have been destroyed. Schools in safer areas are overwhelmed by students fleeing violence.
Haiti’s education system has also suffered severe teacher shortages, with one-fourth of educators killed or emigrated. The Ministry of Education reported a 10,000-student drop in ninth-grade exam attendance last year, with an estimated 130,000 children withdrawing from school altogether.
Faida and her mother, now homeless after her father’s murder, are among 5,000 displaced people sheltering at Lycée Marie Jeanne. When visited by reporters, they were sleeping outside, exposed to mosquitoes and rain—just one of many families struggling to survive as Haiti’s crisis deepens.
Trump says Israel will hand over Gaza to US after fighting ends
Trump Reaffirms US Takeover of Gaza Amid Controversy
US President Donald Trump has reiterated his vision for the United States to take control of Gaza after the ongoing conflict, despite earlier contradictions from his administration. On Thursday, Trump stated that Israel would transfer Gaza to the US at the conclusion of hostilities, emphasizing that resettling Palestinians would be part of the plan, with no American troops involved.
His remarks have sparked accusations of ethnic cleansing, drawing condemnation from the UN, human rights organizations, and Arab leaders. Analysts remain skeptical about the feasibility of such a proposal. Initially, Trump officials suggested that any displacement of Gazans would be temporary, contradicting the president’s original comments.
On Truth Social, Trump claimed that Palestinians “would have already been resettled in safer, more beautiful communities,” leaving the US to lead redevelopment efforts. However, he did not clarify whether Gaza’s two million residents would be allowed to return. International law strictly prohibits the forced transfer of populations from occupied territories.
White House spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt stated that any displacement would be temporary. Meanwhile, Secretary of State Marco Rubio described the plan as an interim measure while Gaza underwent reconstruction. This contrasted with Trump’s initial remarks on Tuesday, when he suggested the displacement would be permanent and proposed transforming Gaza into the “Riviera of the Middle East.”
The announcement reportedly surprised senior Trump aides due to a lack of prior planning. Meanwhile, the ongoing conflict has left Gaza devastated, with the UN estimating it could take 21 years to clear the debris left by Israeli military operations.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g9xgj2429o
Pre-War
Hundreds of Swedish forces arrive in Latvia in largest deployment with NATO to date
Hundreds of Swedish troops arrived in Latvia on Saturday to join a Canadian-led NATO brigade along the alliance’s eastern flank. Sweden has called this its most significant operation since becoming a NATO member.
A ship carrying part of a mechanized infantry battalion docked in Riga, escorted by Swedish air force and naval units alongside their Latvian counterparts. Latvia, which shares borders with Russia and Belarus, remains on high alert due to the ongoing war in Ukraine.
Sweden’s armed forces stated that the 550 troops would strengthen NATO’s deterrence and defense capabilities while ensuring regional stability. “This marks Sweden’s largest commitment yet since joining NATO,” the statement said.
Lieutenant Colonel Henrik Rosdahl, commander of the 71st Battalion, expressed pride in contributing to the alliance’s collective defense. “It’s a historic day, but at the same time, it’s our new normal,” he remarked.
The Swedish troops will be stationed in Adazi, near Riga, as part of one of NATO’s eight multinational brigades along the eastern flank.
Sweden officially became NATO’s 32nd member in March 2024, ending decades of neutrality amid growing security concerns following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Finland also abandoned its military nonalignment and joined NATO in April 2023.
The deployment underscores NATO’s commitment to reinforcing its presence in the region, signaling a unified stance against potential threats from Russia and its allies.
Struggle must go on in every sphere of life – social, economic, mental and spiritual. Wherever there is economic exploitation of the poor, a struggle will have to be waged against the exploiter. And wherever there is exploitation of humanity in general, struggle against the exploiter is a must.
Shri P R Sarkar 22 June 1980, Mokama
THE END
February 1, 2025
Festival
World Famous Snow Festival Held in Sapporo (Japan) Strives for Sustainability amid “Unprecedented Challenges”
The 75th Sapporo Snow Festival is set to take place from February 4–11, 2025, transforming Sapporo into a winter spectacle with over 200 grand snow sculptures. Drawing approximately 2 million visitors annually, the festival is one of Japan’s most anticipated events.
However, it faces mounting challenges, including rising operational costs, reduced advertising revenue, and a shortage of skilled sculptors. Climate change poses an even greater threat, with irregular snowfall and rising temperatures making it harder to collect snow and maintain sculptures. Veteran snow sculptor Hidenori Takagi notes that temperatures now reach 5–6°C, causing rapid melting and loss of progress.
To tackle these issues, the city is prioritizing sustainability. Tomonori Aoyama, Director General for Sapporo City Tourism & MICE Promotion Department, emphasizes the need for creative solutions through domestic and international cooperation. This year, Sapporo is introducing hydrogen energy trials and solar panels to reduce carbon emissions, marking a step towards a greener festival.
Despite the challenges, the passion of the sculptors remains strong. Takagi describes the festival as an arduous but rewarding experience, with months of preparation culminating in awe-inspiring sculptures that captivate visitors worldwide. “Seeing people appreciate our work gives us the energy to keep going,” he reflects.
Sapporo remains committed to preserving its iconic festival while embracing sustainability. Visitors are invited to witness the city’s dedication to adapting and ensuring the Snow Festival continues to thrive for future generations.
What Is Equal Employment Opportunity Act Of 1965 And Why Did Trump Revoke It?
On January 20, President Donald Trump revoked the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1965 through an executive order, dismantling long-standing protections against workplace discrimination in federal employment. This move aligns with his campaign promise to eliminate Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs and promote a “merit-based” system.
The Equal Employment Opportunity Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 24, 1965. It aimed to ensure fair hiring practices by prohibiting discrimination based on race, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, and marital or familial status. The law applied to federal contractors and reinforced the principles of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, providing opportunities for women, ethnic minorities, and other historically marginalized groups.
Trump’s executive order frames these provisions as “illegal DEI discrimination and preferences.” His directive extends beyond federal agencies, targeting private-sector businesses, universities, and organizations. “I further order all agencies to enforce our longstanding civil-rights laws and to combat illegal private-sector DEI preferences, mandates, policies, and programs,” the order states.
Why Did Trump Revoke the Equal Employment Opportunity Act?
During his 2024 election campaign, Trump criticized DEI initiatives, arguing they promoted “reverse discrimination” and unfair hiring advantages. He positioned his repeal of the act as a step toward a “colorblind” society where hiring is based purely on merit.
Under this directive, the Office of Personnel Management has instructed agencies to suspend DEI-related personnel and compile lists of institutions with DEI programs for potential investigations and legal action.
This sweeping order marks a significant shift in U.S. workplace policies, sparking debate over the future of diversity efforts in hiring and employment protections.
UK Warns DeepSeek Users of Data Risks But Won’t Ban It Yet
Security experts are warning users to be cautious when using the emerging AI chatbot DeepSeek due to its links to China and potential risks to data privacy. Despite being developed on a much smaller budget than competitors like ChatGPT and OpenAI, DeepSeek has quickly gained traction as a rival in the AI market.
Concerns stem from the chatbot’s Chinese origins, raising fears about data security. Several Chinese tech firms, including Huawei and TikTok, have faced sanctions over allegations of data harvesting for intelligence purposes. The U.S. government has already announced an investigation into DeepSeek’s potential national security risks.
Bill Conner, CEO of Jitterbit and former security adviser to UK and U.S. governments, described DeepSeek as a “clear risk” for businesses prioritizing data privacy and security. He emphasized that all AI services require careful scrutiny but highlighted DeepSeek’s privacy policy, which states that it operates on a shared cloud service in China, where data is stored—potentially introducing compliance and security risks.
Forrester analysts echoed these concerns, pointing out that DeepSeek’s policy explicitly allows it to collect and use user data—including text, audio input, chat history, and uploaded files—for training. Furthermore, the policy states that DeepSeek may share user data with public authorities at its discretion, raising additional privacy concerns. Analysts warned businesses to educate employees about the risks of inputting sensitive information into the chatbot.
Professor Allen Tucker, head of the intelligent data analysis group at Brunel University, advised caution when using AI chatbots in general. He criticized such tools for lacking a clear use-case and being more about novelty than problem-solving. He also noted that AI models often reflect their country’s political influences, altering or avoiding controversial discussions.
Farmers in Africa say their soil is dying and chemical fertilizers are in part to blame
About 63% of Kenya’s arable land is now acidic, leading to declining crop yields, according to the agriculture ministry. Production of staple crops like maize, as well as key exports such as horticulture and tea, has been affected. In 2022, maize production fell by 4% to 44 million tons, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization, though no specific cause was cited.
The agriculture ministry has remained silent on the issue, particularly after an April scandal involving fake fertilizer. Bags labeled as fertilizer were found to contain quarry dirt and were distributed through a national subsidy program. President William Ruto acknowledged that around 7,000 farmers had purchased the fake product and promised compensation with genuine fertilizer.
Soil degradation is a growing concern across Africa, which struggles to meet its own food demands despite having 65% of the world’s uncultivated arable land. The African Development Bank reports that the continent spends about $60 billion annually on food imports, a figure expected to rise to $110 billion by 2025 due to increasing demand and shifting consumption patterns. Without urgent intervention to restore soil health, food insecurity and reliance on imports are likely to worsen.
Trump administration to cancel student visas of pro-Palestinian protesters
Former U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Wednesday aimed at combating antisemitism, pledging strict action against non-citizen college students and others involved in pro-Palestinian protests.
According to a fact sheet on the order, the Justice Department will take “immediate action” to prosecute threats, vandalism, and violence against American Jews. The order directs all federal resources to address what it calls “an explosion of antisemitism” on college campuses and in public spaces following Hamas’ Oct. 7, 2023, attack on Israel.
Trump vowed to revoke student visas for “Hamas sympathizers” and deport resident aliens who participated in pro-Palestinian demonstrations. He warned, “Come 2025, we will find you, and we will deport you.”
Rights groups and legal experts argue that the order likely violates free speech protections. Carrie DeCell, an attorney at the Knight First Amendment Institute, stated that deporting non-citizens based on political speech would be unconstitutional. The Council on American-Islamic Relations said it may challenge the order in court.
The order also mandates a review of civil rights cases related to pro-Palestinian protests and suggests actions against foreign students and staff. Critics fear it conflates criticism of Israel with antisemitism and could suppress free speech nationwide.
Google Maps to rename ‘Gulf of Mexico’ to ‘Gulf of America’ for US users
Google Maps will rename the “Gulf of Mexico” to the “Gulf of America” in the U.S. once the change is officially updated in the U.S. Geographic Names System, the company announced in an X post on Monday.
In the U.S., users will see “Gulf of America,” while in Mexico, the name will remain “Gulf of Mexico.” For users outside both countries, Google Maps will display both names.
The Trump administration’s Interior Department confirmed the name change on Friday, along with renaming Denali, North America’s tallest peak, back to its former name, Mount McKinley. These changes align with an executive order signed by President Donald Trump on Jan. 20, shortly after taking office, fulfilling a campaign promise.
“As directed by the President, the Gulf of Mexico will now officially be known as the Gulf of America, and North America’s highest peak will once again bear the name Mount McKinley,” the Interior Department stated.
Google Maps, owned by Alphabet, will reflect both changes in its system. The renaming decisions have sparked debate, with critics arguing they ignore historical and cultural significance, while supporters see them as efforts to reinforce American identity.
Elon Musk Nominated For Nobel Peace Prize For “Free Speech”
Billionaire Elon Musk has been nominated for the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize for his advocacy of free speech. European Parliament member Branko Grims confirmed that a petition nominating the Tesla and SpaceX CEO was submitted to the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
Grims, a Slovenian politician, stated that the nomination recognizes Musk’s contributions to freedom of speech as a fundamental human right and his role in promoting peace. He shared a screenshot of the confirmation email from the Norwegian Nobel Committee, which read, “Your nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize 2025 has been successfully submitted.”
Expressing gratitude, Grims thanked co-proposers and others involved in the nomination process. Musk, known for his outspoken views on free speech and his acquisition of X (formerly Twitter) to champion open dialogue, has been both praised and criticized for his approach to content moderation and digital expression.
300+ earthquake monitors across Nevada could be used for early alert system
Nevada’s Earthquake Monitoring System Aims for Early Warning Capabilities
Nevada experiences frequent seismic activity, with dozens of small earthquakes occurring daily, though most go unnoticed. To enhance preparedness for major quakes, the state operates over 300 earthquake monitoring stations, including one in the Spring Mountains near Las Vegas.
Dr. Christie Rowe, Director of the Nevada Seismological Laboratory, oversees these seismic stations, which also monitor eastern California and the Sierra Nevada. She recently showcased the Spring Mountains’ RRK seismic station, which collects real-time ground acceleration data. Completely off-grid, the station generates its own power and transmits data within four seconds via a microwave network linked to the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) data center.
“We’ve monitored earthquakes from this exact location for nearly 25 years,” Dr. Rowe explained. Positioned between Las Vegas and major faults along the Nevada-California border, RRK plays a critical role in tracking seismic activity before it reaches urban areas. Nevada ranks third in the U.S. for magnitude 5.0 or higher quakes, emphasizing the need for early warning systems.
Dr. Rowe highlighted the potential of expanding ShakeAlert, an earthquake early warning system currently in use in California, Oregon, and Washington. With sufficient federal funding, Nevada could implement the system within two to three years, providing alerts seconds before a quake strikes.
“Even a 30-second warning could help protect energy infrastructure, hospitals, and other critical systems,” Dr. Rowe noted. As earthquake risks persist, advancements in monitoring and early detection could significantly improve public safety and disaster preparedness across the state.
City killer asteroid rushing towards Earth: Scientists warn of its impact
Asteroid 2024 YR4: Small but Alarming Chance of Earth Impact in 2032
Astronomers have identified asteroid 2024 YR4, a nearly 200-foot-wide space rock with a 1.2% chance of colliding with Earth on December 22, 2032. Though the probability is low, the potential impact raises concerns, especially if it were to strike a populated area.
Comparable in size to the Tunguska asteroid, which flattened 830 square miles of Siberian forest in 1908, 2024 YR4 could cause significant destruction. If it enters Earth’s atmosphere, it may explode mid-air in a fiery airburst or create a massive crater upon impact. The extent of the damage depends on its composition and density, which remain unknown.
Currently, the asteroid is moving away from Earth, making direct radar observations impossible. However, astronomers hope to gather more precise data when it passes within 5 million miles in 2028.
Due to its potential threat, NASA has added 2024 YR4 to its Sentry risk list, and it currently ranks 3 on the Torino scale, indicating the need for continued monitoring. As scientists refine its orbit, projections could change, but for now, the asteroid’s risk corridor extends from South America to sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding its true impact potential is a priority before 2032.
US freezes foreign aid for almost all countries including Ukraine, except Israel and Turkey
The U.S. State Department ordered a sweeping freeze Friday (January 24, 2025) on new funding for almost all U.S. foreign assistance, making exceptions for emergency food programmes and military aid to Israel and Egypt.
U.S. Freezes Foreign Aid: Impact on Global Humanitarian Projects
On January 24, 2025, the U.S. State Department imposed a sweeping freeze on foreign assistance funding, threatening billions in global projects aimed at health, education, development, job training, anti-corruption efforts, and security. This freeze is part of President Donald Trump’s broader push to align foreign aid with his administration’s policies. The freeze exempts emergency food programs, such as those combating famine in Sudan, and military aid to allies Israel and Egypt. However, it excludes life-saving health initiatives like PEPFAR, the President’s Emergency Relief Plan for AIDS Relief, which has saved millions of lives worldwide since its inception.
Humanitarian groups have expressed grave concerns, fearing that the suspension of aid could have life-or-death consequences, particularly for vulnerable children and families. Abby Maxman of Oxfam America criticized the move, calling it a departure from the U.S.’s long-standing bipartisan approach to foreign aid, which has supported people based on need, not politics.
As of Friday, some aid projects were already receiving stop-work orders. With the freeze set to last at least three months, aid organizations are bracing for further disruptions. Additionally, the freeze could impact resettlement agencies working with refugees, including Afghan evacuees. Critics argue that suspending such assistance undermines international stability and the U.S.’s role as a global humanitarian leader. A government-wide review of foreign assistance is expected, aiming to align future aid with Trump’s foreign policy.
UN chief urges evacuation of 2,500 children from Gaza as doctors warn of ‘imminent risk’ of death
UN Secretary-General António Guterres has urgently called for the immediate evacuation of 2,500 children from Gaza for medical treatment. The call follows a meeting with US doctors who had volunteered in Gaza during the ongoing war between Israel and Hamas. The doctors warned that these children face imminent risk of death due to the deteriorating healthcare situation in Gaza, which has been severely impacted by the conflict.
Guterres expressed being “deeply moved” by the doctors’ accounts and emphasized the critical need for evacuation. In a statement posted on social media, he insisted that these children be evacuated immediately, with assurances that they could return to their families and communities after receiving treatment.
The World Health Organization (WHO) had previously reported that more than 12,000 patients were waiting for medical evacuations, including the 2,500 children in urgent need of care. Feroze Sidhwa, a trauma surgeon from California who worked in Gaza, echoed the concerns, highlighting the extreme conditions that patients face, particularly the children, many of whom could die without timely intervention.
Do not tolerate injustice. This will not only harm women or a neglected and downtrodden segment of humanity, but will cause a serious carbuncle to grow on the vast body of society. That carbuncle will be so poisonous and infectious that it will infect the entire society. Do not allow such a thing to happen under any circumstances. Now that your eyes are opened, keep following the practical path.
P R Sarkar
26 November 1980, Calcutta
THE END
January 25, 2025
US-Post Election
Trump declares border emergency and seeks to end US birthright citizenship
On his first day back in the Oval Office, President Donald Trump signed a series of executive orders aimed at tightening immigration policies and reinforcing the US-Mexico border. Among these were declarations targeting birthright citizenship and designating illegal immigration as a national emergency. Trump also signed an order labeling Mexican drug cartels as terrorist organizations, emphasizing his commitment to protecting the nation from “threats and invasions.”
One of the most controversial measures was his plan to end birthright citizenship, which grants automatic citizenship to anyone born on U.S. soil, regardless of their parents’ immigration status. While this proposal aligns with Trump’s campaign promises, it faces significant legal challenges, as birthright citizenship is protected under the U.S. Constitution. Immigration advocacy groups, including the ACLU, have vowed to challenge these actions, calling them unconstitutional and an affront to American values.
Trump also acted swiftly to dismantle policies from the Biden administration. He revoked nearly 80 of Biden’s executive actions and terminated the CBP One mobile app, a tool introduced in 2023 to streamline asylum requests at the border. The app’s cancellation left tens of thousands of migrants in limbo, with many expressing despair. “I hope God touches his heart,” said Oralia, a Mexican woman fleeing cartel violence.
In addition, Trump halted a Biden-era program that allowed monthly entry for 30,000 migrants from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, further reducing legal pathways for immigration. Advocacy groups have criticized these actions as harmful and divisive. Jennie Murray of the National Immigration Forum called the orders “disappointing but not surprising,” warning of their economic and social consequences.
As Trump presses forward, the legal and humanitarian implications of his immigration policies will undoubtedly be scrutinized in the weeks to come.
Hundreds of “illegal immigrant criminals” arrested, hundreds more flown out of U.S. by military, White House says
Hundreds of “illegal immigrant criminals” in the U.S. were arrested Thursday, and over a thousand others were deported on military flights as part of President Trump’s mass deportation initiative, the White House announced. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt stated on X that 538 individuals were arrested, including a suspected terrorist, four members of the Venezuelan Tren de Aragua gang, and several convicted of sex crimes against minors. Tren de Aragua, a violent gang originating in Venezuela, has recently expanded into the U.S.
Of those arrested, 373 had criminal records, while 165 had only immigration violations. Notable arrests included a 23-year-old Ecuadorian convicted of rape and two men, one from the Dominican Republic and another in San Francisco, convicted of sexual abuse against minors.
Additionally, 1,041 people were deported, with three flights arriving in Guatemala. A Guatemalan official confirmed the arrivals, with 80 passengers each from El Paso and Tucson and 105 from a later flight.
President Trump, addressing reporters in North Carolina, praised the operation, emphasizing the removal of “hard criminals.” The use of military aircraft for deportations was approved under Trump’s administration, part of his broader executive actions to overhaul immigration policy.
US to leave World Health Organization on January 22, 2026: United Nations
The United States will officially leave the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 22, 2026, following President Donald Trump’s formal notification of withdrawal, as confirmed by the United Nations. This decision, announced on Trump’s first day back in office during his second term, has sparked concerns about the future of global health programs heavily reliant on U.S. funding. Trump has accused the WHO of mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic and other health crises, leading to this unprecedented move.
The withdrawal process, mandated by a 1948 U.S. congressional resolution, requires a one-year notice and payment of outstanding dues. The U.S. is the WHO’s largest financial backer, contributing approximately 18% of its funding. For the 2024-2025 biennium, the WHO budget is $6.8 billion, and the U.S. owes around $130 million in membership fees, with additional contributions for voluntary programs also at risk.
In an internal memo dated January 23, 2025, WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus expressed concerns over the financial impact of the U.S. withdrawal. He announced cost-saving measures, including halting recruitment, reducing travel expenses, and limiting IT equipment replacements and office refurbishments. Meetings will also default to virtual formats to cut costs. While the WHO has initiated reforms to diversify funding, including increased mandatory contributions from member states, the financial gap left by the U.S. departure remains significant.
The withdrawal order also states that U.S. personnel working with the WHO will be reassigned, and the government will seek alternative partners for critical health programs. Experts warn that this decision jeopardizes initiatives targeting tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and other global health emergencies. The WHO’s ability to manage ongoing crises may be severely compromised without U.S. support.
This marks Trump’s second attempt to withdraw the U.S. from the WHO. A similar move during his first term was halted when Joe Biden reversed the decision upon taking office in January 2021. The WHO, while expressing regret over the withdrawal, is preparing to adjust its priorities and operations in response to the loss of its largest donor.
Dr. Tedros reassured staff that the organization would strive to protect its workforce amid these challenges. “As always, you make me proud to be WHO,” he concluded in his memo, signaling resilience in the face of funding uncertainties.
New Virus Outbreak In China: What Is HMPV? Know Symptoms, Prevention Tips And More
New Virus Outbreak in China: What Is HMPV?
Five years after the COVID-19 pandemic, China is facing an outbreak of the human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Reports indicate overcrowded hospitals and overwhelmed crematories. Social media claims suggest multiple viruses, including influenza A, HMPV, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19, are circulating, though China has not officially declared a state of emergency.
HMPV primarily affects the respiratory system, causing flu-like symptoms. While typically involving the upper respiratory tract, it can also lead to lower respiratory infections. The virus is more prevalent during winter and early spring.
Symptoms of HMPV:
HMPV symptoms resemble the flu or a common cold. The virus spreads through coughing, sneezing, or close personal contact. Common symptoms include:
Cough
Fever
Nasal congestion
Sore throat
Shortness of breath
The incubation period is estimated at three to six days, with symptom duration depending on infection severity.
High-Risk Groups:
Young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems are at greater risk of severe illness.
Potential Complications:
In severe cases, HMPV can lead to:
Bronchiolitis
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Asthma or COPD flare-ups
Ear infections (otitis media)
Prevention Tips:
Follow these steps to reduce the risk of HMPV and other respiratory illnesses:
Wash hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
Wear a mask and avoid contact with sick individuals.
Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands.
Self-isolate if unwell.
Currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Consult a healthcare professional for more guidance.
Disclaimer: This article provides general information and is not a substitute for medical advice.
Microplastics in the bloodstream may pose hidden risks to brain health
Microplastics in Bloodstream Linked to Brain Disruption and Immune Cell Blockages
A recent study published in Science Advances has revealed how microplastics infiltrate the bloodstream, causing cerebral thrombosis, immune cell entrapment, and neurobehavioral impairments. Using advanced imaging, researchers demonstrated how these particles obstruct blood flow in mice, raising concerns about long-term human health risks.
Microplastics, originating from degraded plastics, enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or medical devices. While nanoscale plastics have been linked to neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease, the effects of micron-sized particles were previously unclear. This study focused on their impact on vascular and neurological systems without crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Researchers intravenously injected fluorescent microplastics of three sizes—5 µm, 2 µm, and 80 nm—into mice at exposure levels mimicking human conditions. Using laser speckle contrast imaging and two-photon microscopy, they observed that immune cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, ingested the microplastics and became trapped in narrow cerebral capillaries. This led to reduced blood perfusion and mechanical blockages, termed “MP-Flash,” a phenomenon of rapid microplastic movement and obstruction.
Behavioral tests, including Y-maze and rotarod evaluations, showed impaired locomotion, memory, and motor coordination in exposed mice. While neurobehavioral impairments resolved within four weeks, some vascular obstructions persisted, particularly with larger microplastics (5 µm), which caused prolonged blockages compared to smaller particles.
The study highlighted immune cell “ruffling,” where trapped cells adopted umbrella-like shapes at vascular bends, exacerbating blockages. Flow cytometry revealed that phagocytosis of microplastics altered immune cell size and adhesion, contributing to capillary obstruction.
These findings underscore the potential health risks of microplastics, particularly for individuals with pre-existing vascular conditions. Though results from mice cannot be directly applied to humans due to physiological differences, the study emphasizes the urgent need for further research into the long-term effects of microplastic exposure on human health.
Why more mega solar farms are coming to the countryside
The UK government’s plan to triple solar power capacity within five years has sparked a surge in proposals for countryside solar farms, particularly in the East of England and Northamptonshire. Critics argue these projects will harm rural landscapes, while supporters emphasize their necessity in combating climate change.
Currently, plans are underway for 10 large solar farms in the region, covering about 24,000 acres and potentially generating 4.3 gigawatts (GW) of electricity—exceeding the output of the Sizewell C nuclear power station. Notable projects include the Droves solar farm, which aims to produce 500 megawatts (MW) across 2,790 acres, and the High Grove solar farm, designed to generate 720 MW over 4,000 acres.
While some locals express concerns about the visual impact on the countryside, others support renewable energy expansion. Lorraine Tidnam, a café manager in Swaffham, noted ongoing debates among residents, with many fearing permanent changes to the landscape. However, antique shop owner Lee Lawrence welcomed the developments, emphasizing the urgency of addressing climate change.
Michael Greslow, project manager for German energy company RWE, said the push for solar reflects the “urgent need” for renewable power. He acknowledged challenges in meeting the ambitious target of 47 GW by 2030 but highlighted the importance of grid capacity and collaboration with landowners in selecting suitable sites.
As these projects progress, the debate over balancing environmental preservation and renewable energy expansion continues, underscoring the complexity of the UK’s clean energy transition.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c626w5kq9kqo
Employment
Return-to-office policies are ‘creeping up,’ researcher says. Many workers would rather quit
Return-to-office (RTO) mandates are increasing, with many workers resisting full-time in-office requirements. A Pew Research Center poll found 46% of remote workers would likely quit if their employer eliminated remote work. Companies like Amazon, Dell Technologies, JPMorgan Chase, and UPS have implemented RTO policies, with 75% of employees now required to be in the office for part of the week, up from 63% in early 2023.
Remote work remains highly valued, with workers equating hybrid arrangements to an 8% raise, according to Stanford economist Nick Bloom. Despite the push for RTO, many economists believe remote work is here to stay, citing its benefits for both employees and employers, such as reduced attrition and maintained productivity. Currently, remote work accounts for 25-30% of full workdays, a significant drop from early 2020 but still far higher than pre-pandemic levels.
However, some employers reportedly use RTO mandates as a strategy to reduce headcount without layoffs. For instance, federal RTO policies have been linked to voluntary resignations, with figures like Elon Musk openly welcoming this outcome.
Despite its advantages, remote work presents challenges. About 59% of employers worry about its impact on company culture, and 53% of remote workers say it hinders their connection with coworkers. Experts suggest this trade-off balances improved work-life integration with reduced workplace camaraderie.
While the job market remains strong, reduced hiring activity could pose challenges for workers who quit over RTO policies, adding complexity to the ongoing debate about the future of work.
Libya expels 600 Nigeriens in ‘dangerous and traumatising’ desert journey
Libya has forcibly deported over 600 Nigeriens in what is believed to be its largest mass expulsion to date. The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) confirmed the migrants, transported in a convoy of trucks, arrived in Dirkou, Niger, after a “dangerous and traumatising” journey through the Sahara Desert. The deportees were among many migrant workers rounded up in Libya over the past month.
“This is unprecedented,” said Azizou Chehou of Alarm Phone Sahara, a migrant aid group. “The journey through the desert is perilous. Packed trucks, frigid temperatures, and violence leave many injured and traumatized.”
The deportations highlight the EU’s controversial migration policies, with critics accusing European nations of outsourcing border control to countries like Libya and Tunisia. Italy, for instance, has signed agreements with these nations to curb Mediterranean crossings, resulting in reduced arrivals. In 2024, 66,317 migrants reached Italy—less than half the number in 2023.
David Yambio, of Refugees in Libya, condemned the expulsions, stating, “This exposes Europe’s border policy—paying others to erase migrants and hide their suffering.”
Libya has historically been a destination for workers from Niger, Mali, and Chad, seeking employment in agriculture, construction, and retail. Others aim to save money for perilous sea crossings to Europe.
Jalel Harchaoui, a Libya expert, noted the expulsions align with long-standing practices in southern Libya, where authorities often scapegoat sub-Saharan Africans. The UNHCR has pledged to assist in identifying individuals requiring international protection amidst the growing humanitarian crisis.
Despite insect protection laws, EU has authorised dozens of dangerous pesticides, new report finds
For over 20 years, EU pesticide regulations designed to protect biodiversity have been undermined by outdated guidelines ghostwritten by the chemical industry, according to a Pesticide Action Network (PAN) Europe report. Despite laws requiring that pesticides cause no unacceptable harm to ecosystems, Brussels has failed to block any pesticide under these rules since their adoption in 2002. Instead, dozens of harmful compounds have been approved, contributing to a catastrophic 75% decline in insect biomass across Europe over the past 25 years.
Arthropods, vital for pollination, pest control, and food webs, are facing a severe decline due to agricultural intensification and pesticide use. Yet, the EU continues to rely on biased guidelines that allow widespread destruction of non-target species with little accountability. PAN Europe warns that these regulations effectively permit the mass killing of essential insects, jeopardizing biodiversity and ecosystem health.
In 2024, the European Commission finally authorized a revision of the outdated guidelines, with new methods expected in January 2025. However, leaked documents reveal that chemical industry consultants have influenced the proposed updates, which could further erode protections. The revised guidelines would reclassify plant-eating insects as ecosystem “disservices” and disregard critical factors like long-term pesticide impacts and combined chemical effects.
PAN Europe highlights the urgency of reform, as the European Court of Justice recently ruled that environmental protection takes precedence over crop production in pesticide laws. Campaigners argue there is still time to overturn harmful practices and protect Europe’s ecosystems before it’s too late.
Plans for Bible reading and Latin in Italian schools criticised as ‘retrograde’
Italy’s education minister, Giuseppe Valditara, has announced a controversial revamp of the national curriculum aimed at improving children’s reading and writing skills. The new guidelines, set to take effect in the 2026/2027 school year, include reintroducing Bible reading, Latin, and memorizing poetry to primary and middle schools.
Valditara emphasized fostering a “taste for reading” and better writing skills, suggesting students start with simple texts like nursery rhymes before progressing to classical epics, Greek mythology, and even Norse sagas. The Bible, while not explicitly part of the primary syllabus, would feature “in some form” due to its influence on literature and art, said Paola Frassinetti, the education ministry’s undersecretary.
Latin would return as an option in middle schools, and history lessons would focus on Italy, Europe, and the western world. Proposed reading lists include 19th- and 20th-century Italian writers like Giovanni Pascoli and Umberto Saba, alongside international authors such as Stephen King.
Supporters praised Valditara’s bold approach, but critics accused the government of promoting outdated ideals. Elly Schlein, leader of the Democratic Party, called the initiative “out of touch,” while the Five Star Movement criticized it as “retrograde.” Student protests have also erupted, with concerns over underfunded schools and a perceived focus on repression.
The reforms follow the reinstatement of a policy to fail poorly behaved students, reinforcing the government’s push for discipline in education amidst mixed public reactions.
In this changed social atmosphere, the future of women is bright. The common masses will awake, their self confidence and intelligence will increase. The way of writing history will be changed. Already it has started to change. In the future it will change more.
Shri P R Sarkar
THE END
January 18, 2025
Navacetana’ World News extends warm wishes for a joyous and prosperous New Year 2025 to all its readers, their families, friends, and sympathizers.
For the past few weeks, the magazine has not been published due to DMS and various activities, including the collection and mailing of greeting cards created by students for scientists. These efforts have received an overwhelming response from both students and scientists. We sincerely regret any inconvenience caused.
Editor
Education
The Maths Queen with a quantum mission to mentor girls
Known in Ghana as the Maths Queen, Dr Angela Tabiri is the first African to win The Big Internet Math Off competition – quite an achievement for someone who had not initially planned to study mathematics.
Dr. Angela Tabiri, fondly known as Ghana’s “Maths Queen,” made history in 2024 as the first African to win The Big Internet Math Off—a global competition to find the “world’s most interesting mathematician.” Despite not initially planning to pursue mathematics, she discovered a passion for numbers and puzzles and now inspires countless African women to embrace the subject. Her groundbreaking win and dedication to education challenge the stereotype that math is a “boy’s subject.”
A researcher in quantum algebra at the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) Ghana, Dr. Tabiri is also the academic manager for the Girls in Mathematical Sciences Programme, a mentoring initiative that empowers young Ghanaian girls to excel in mathematical sciences. She emphasizes the importance of female role models in math, as the number of women studying the subject declines at higher levels of education due to societal perceptions and limited career awareness. Her efforts include organizing workshops, mentoring programs, and creating a pipeline of future female leaders in STEM.
Dr. Tabiri’s journey into mathematics was not straightforward. Growing up in Ashaiman, a densely populated neighborhood near Accra, she often sought quiet spaces to study amid her large family. Initially aspiring to study business administration, she instead pursued mathematics and economics due to her grades—a twist she describes as a “blessing in disguise.” A pivotal moment came during her PhD studies at the University of Glasgow when she watched Hidden Figures, the film celebrating the contributions of Black women mathematicians at NASA. Inspired by Katherine Johnson, she resolved to keep striving, believing her work would eventually gain recognition.
Beyond her academic achievements, Dr. Tabiri is passionate about quantum science. She spearheads initiatives like quantum computing courses and hackathons to prepare Africa’s youth for the next technological revolution. Her efforts include organizing a “quantum roadshow” to introduce schoolchildren to quantum science and hosting a UNESCO-supported Quantum Hackathon for postgraduate students across Africa. These projects aim to equip young Africans with the skills to address real-world challenges and compete globally in emerging fields.
Through her non-profit, FemAfricMaths, Dr. Tabiri provides lessons, mentorship, and interviews with leading female mathematicians, fostering a new generation of African women in STEM. Her vision is clear: to position Africa’s youth as leaders in the future of science, technology, and innovation.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y80n9jdj5o
Space
Nasa astronaut stuck in space ventures outside
NASA astronaut Sunita Williams conducted her first spacewalk in seven months aboard the International Space Station (ISS) on Thursday, joined by fellow astronaut Nick Hague. Williams, an experienced astronaut with numerous prior spacewalks, tackled crucial maintenance tasks, including repairing equipment for station orientation, patching light filters on the NICER X-ray telescope, and replacing a reflector on an international docking adapter. The spacewalk lasted approximately six and a half hours.
Ms. Williams, along with astronaut Butch Wilmore, has been stranded on the ISS since their planned June 2024 return was delayed due to technical issues with Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft, including helium leaks and thruster malfunctions. NASA now plans to bring the duo back to Earth in late March or April 2025 aboard a SpaceX spacecraft.
A second spacewalk is scheduled for January 23, during which Williams and Wilmore will remove a radio frequency antenna assembly, collect surface samples for microorganism analysis, and prepare a backup elbow joint for the Canadarm2 robotic arm. The joint will be positioned to enable swift replacement if needed.
NASA Flight Director Nicole McElroy praised the astronauts’ preparation, noting that the crew has been diligently studying procedures for these spacewalks and is enthusiastic about their execution.
Williams and Wilmore originally embarked on an eight-day mission aboard Boeing’s Starliner, but the extended stay has allowed them to continue contributing to ISS operations. Despite setbacks, their work ensures the ISS remains operational and prepared for future missions.
NASA is streaming both spacewalks live, offering a glimpse into the intricate tasks and teamwork that sustain the ISS’s role as a hub for scientific research and exploration.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8r5ld8jvlzo
Agriculture
‘Farm inheritance tax will devastate us’
Around 100 tractors rolled through Oxford’s streets on Thursday to protest the government’s proposed inheritance tax changes, causing significant congestion in the city center. Farmers held banners reading “Ditch the Family Farm Tax” and “Fight the Tax” to voice their disapproval.
The protest was sparked by measures announced in October’s Budget by Chancellor Rachel Reeves, which proposed applying a 20% inheritance tax on agricultural assets valued over £1 million, starting in April 2026.
Environment Secretary Steve Reed, addressing the annual Oxford Farming Conference, acknowledged the backlash, calling the changes “very unwelcome.” He explained, “It wasn’t something we wanted to do, but given the state of the public finances, we had no choice.” Farmers honked their horns outside the venue during his speech, underscoring their frustration.
Farmer Jonathan Smith described the proposal as devastating for family farms. “If farms can’t be passed down, the country risks facing major food supply issues,” he warned. His wife, Heidi, highlighted the particular struggles for farmers in high-value land areas like Oxfordshire. “Our children won’t be able to pay the tax and keep the farm intact,” she said.
Under the plan, heirs would have ten years to pay the tax on agricultural assets, a move the government claims will make the system fairer and discourage wealthy individuals from buying farmland solely for tax benefits.
Reed defended the decision, attributing it to financial challenges inherited from the previous government. However, he promised to prioritize farmers’ profitability by using public funds to support British agriculture.
The protest reflects growing tension between the government and farmers, with the latter warning of dire consequences for family farms and the nation’s food security if the changes go ahead.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4glg85e3dro
Culture and tradition
Children ‘amazed’ by ancient Molly dance tradition
Children at Sutton Primary School in Cambridgeshire were delighted to witness the revival of an ancient tradition on Plough Monday, hosted by the Mepal Molly dancers. The group, led by Michael Czarnobaj, is dedicated to preserving history through this lively celebration.
Dating back centuries, Plough Monday gave farm laborers a way to earn money during the frozen months by performing for landowners. Mr. Czarnobaj explained, “We sweep away the old year and welcome the new one with ceremonial brooms. In the past, laborers disguised themselves with soot to avoid being recognized while seeking donations.”
Victoria, 10, described the colorful broom dance as “amazing but a bit weird,” while Koen, also 10, enjoyed participating and said, “I really liked all of it.” Betsy, another student, called the event “really, really good” and admitted she had never seen anything like it before.
Plough Monday, traditionally held on the first Monday after Epiphany, involved workers parading a plough, singing, dancing, and even threatening to plough up gardens if householders refused to donate. It was most common in East Anglia and the East Midlands.
Though the tradition faded in 1933, Mepal Molly dancers revived it in 1977 and have been performing ever since. “We’ve lost touch with the land, but traditions like this remind us of its importance,” said Mr. Czarnobaj.
The group, traveling in a small bus, brings this cherished tradition to schools annually, spreading joy and history to the next generation.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr53m6l19zyo
Technology
Microsoft to now include Copilot in Microsoft 365 for consumers
Microsoft said on Thursday that it is now including Copilot AI features to its Microsoft 365 suite for individual consumers, a day after it rolled out on-demand AI agents for businesses.
The Windows-maker will give its customers an option to either choose a Microsoft 365 subscription plan with Copilot AI features or one without it.
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It will also increase the prices of subscription plans in the U.S. by $3.
Copilot will assist users in a host of apps in the Microsoft 365 suite — Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Outlook, OneNote and Designer. However, the usage of Copilot AI will be capped by monthly credits, which it believes would suffice for most users.
Microsoft will also give users the options to enable or disable Copilot where AI assistance is not desired — such as in academic scenarios like exams and submissions. It also said the user-inputed prompts will not be used to train its models.
The company has been under pressure to show that its big bet on AI, which includes investment in OpenAI and its plans to spend about $80 billion during its current fiscal year on data centers and AI infrastructure, will pay off.
These moves also come at a time when observers have become skeptical about Copilot’s usage. Last year, a Gartner report raised doubts about its adoption, which led Microsoft to push its uptake.
Deere sued by FTC over farmers’ right to repair equipment
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), alongside Illinois and Michigan, has filed a lawsuit against Deere & Co., accusing the agricultural equipment giant of monopolizing repair services. The 37-page complaint alleges that Deere’s restrictive practices force farmers to pay higher costs and face delays by limiting repair options to authorized dealerships.
At the heart of the issue is Deere’s proprietary software tool, Service Advisor, which is essential for diagnosing and repairing equipment but has only been accessible to authorized dealers. Farmers and independent repair shops are excluded, leaving farmers with limited options for timely repairs. While Deere offers another tool, Customer Service Advisor, it lacks full functionality, further restricting repair capabilities.
The FTC claims Deere’s practices result in farmers spending more on repairs and being forced to purchase expensive branded parts instead of generic alternatives. “The FTC’s action today seeks to ensure that farmers across America are free to repair their own equipment or use repair shops of their choice,” said FTC Chair Lina Khan, emphasizing the need for fair competition and reduced costs.
Deere has dismissed the allegations as “meritless,” arguing that its innovations benefit customers and that the FTC’s claims misrepresent the facts. Despite the company’s statement, critics point to growing frustrations over manufacturers limiting repair access for modern, tech-heavy equipment.
Although Deere recently announced measures allowing customers and independent technicians to reprogram electronic controllers, the lawsuit highlights ongoing dissatisfaction. Farmers, advocacy groups, and some regulators continue to push for stronger right-to-repair protections to combat delays and ensure fair competition in the agricultural repair industry.
Charting a new pathway for the shipping industry with marine solutions from Spain
The global shipping industry contributes approximately 3% of global CO2 emissions, making it one of the most challenging sectors to decarbonize due to its reliance on traditional bunker fuel. Spain is positioning itself as an international hub for sustainable marine solutions, leveraging its strategic ports and ideal conditions to produce advanced biofuels and green hydrogen to meet decarbonization goals.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20-30% by 2030 and 70-80% by 2040, targeting net-zero emissions by 2050. In Europe, regulatory measures such as the Emissions Trading System (ETS) and Fuel EU Maritime mandate gradual reductions in marine fuel carbon intensity, starting with a 2% decrease in 2025, scaling to 80% by 2050.
Moeve, formerly Cepsa and Spain’s leading marine fuel provider, is at the forefront of this transition. The company supplies biofuels to the cruise and container industries and plans to expand production capacity from 1 million tonnes to 2.5 million tonnes by 2030. Moeve is also constructing a €1.2 billion second-generation biofuels plant in Huelva, part of Europe’s largest sustainable biofuels complex.
Biofuels, which are compatible with existing infrastructure, offer an immediate decarbonization solution. Medium-term strategies include green hydrogen derivatives like ammonia and methanol. Moeve is also developing two large-scale green hydrogen plants in the Andalusian Green Hydrogen Valley.
Collaborating with the Port of Rotterdam, Moeve aims to establish a green maritime corridor between Southern and Northern Europe, creating sustainable trade routes. As Moeve’s Captain Samir Fernandez emphasizes, “The right fuels, delivery mechanisms, and port infrastructures are critical to achieving net-zero shipping.”
Qatar announced on Wednesday that Israel and Hamas have agreed to a ceasefire in Gaza, starting Sunday, marking a significant step towards ending 15 months of conflict. The deal also includes a hostage and prisoner exchange. Qatar’s Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al-Thani confirmed that the first phase of the agreement would see the release of 33 Israeli hostages, primarily civilian women, children, elderly, and injured individuals. In exchange, Israel is set to release several hundred Palestinian prisoners, with some sources suggesting that the total number could be around 1,000, including those with lengthy sentences.
The ceasefire’s initial 42-day phase will allow for the exchange of prisoners and remains, as well as the return of displaced people. During this period, Israeli forces will withdraw from Gaza’s densely populated areas to facilitate these exchanges, though a buffer zone will remain in place. The second phase, expected to begin after 16 days, will involve further hostages being released, including male soldiers and the bodies of those killed in the conflict.
This deal has been negotiated with the help of joint mediators, including Qatar, the United States, and Egypt. The plan outlines that phases two and three will be finalized during the implementation of the first phase. US President Joe Biden expressed hope that the second phase would lead to a permanent end to the war, including the full withdrawal of Israeli forces and the release of remaining hostages. The ceasefire represents a hopeful, though fragile, step toward peace, with ongoing monitoring by international bodies.
New wildfire concerns in Los Angeles: Strong winds could return next week.
Firefighters in Los Angeles are making progress in containing deadly wildfires that have ravaged thousands of homes and buildings. However, officials warn that the return of strong Santa Ana winds next week could reignite the fires. Fire Department Chief Kristin Crowley emphasized the threat posed by dry fuel, low humidity, and the expected winds, urging residents to clear brush within 200 feet of their homes. “Flying embers can destroy homes over a mile away,” she said, stressing the need for residents to support first responders.
Mudslides are also a concern as the region prepares for rain. Los Angeles County’s Public Works Director, Mark Pestrella, warned of potential “massive debris flows” and is working on flood control measures. The fires have left entire neighborhoods along the Pacific Coast and near the San Gabriel Mountains in ruins, with at least 27 confirmed deaths and 31 missing persons. Over 12,000 structures have been damaged or destroyed.
Around 200,000 people were forced to evacuate at the height of the fires, with 82,400 still under evacuation orders. Pacific Palisades residents were allowed to return on Thursday as containment of the Palisades Fire improved to 22%. The Eaton Fire is 55% contained, with over 6,700 structures destroyed.
Power outages have declined, with fewer than 15,000 homes without power in Los Angeles County. The Getty Villa Museum has also been declared safe and will reopen later this month. In response to the crisis, the Balmer Group has pledged $15 million in emergency funding to help impacted communities.
Ukraine-Russia war latest: Starmer pledges new air defence system as Putin’s drones threaten his Kyiv visit
During his visit to Kyiv, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer pledged enhanced support for Ukraine amidst the ongoing Russian invasion. This includes a new air defense system as part of a £4.5 billion military aid package. The support also encompasses more drones, 150 artillery barrels, a mobile air defense system, and an expanded training initiative with allies. Sir Keir also confirmed discussions about deploying British peacekeepers to Ukraine should a ceasefire with Russia be achieved. The move is seen as an effort to ensure long-term peace and security for Ukraine.
Amid this, a Russian drone attack occurred, with one drone even breaching Romania’s airspace. Ukrainian air defenses shot down 33 out of 50 drones launched overnight. The attacks damaged buildings in Kharkiv, Odesa, and Kyiv regions, as well as port infrastructure in the Danube area. The conflict has left significant casualties, with Ukraine also suffering from manpower shortages and losing ground in the eastern Donetsk region.
Additionally, Sir Keir and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky signed a 100-year security agreement aimed at strengthening defense ties between the UK and Ukraine. This deal will deepen military cooperation and enhance security in the Baltic, Black, and Azov seas. It also includes agreements on energy, critical minerals, and green steel production. The treaty builds on the long-standing support the UK has provided to Ukraine, which has included £12.8 billion in aid since 2022.
The Kremlin expressed concern over the partnership, especially the potential for British military bases in Ukraine. Sir Keir, however, emphasized the importance of the UK’s support and its commitment to ensuring Ukraine’s security and sovereignty. The new agreement reflects a broader shift in British foreign policy, with closer collaboration with NATO allies like Poland to counter Russian aggression.
Nowadays science means creating new weapons – strengthening the hands of warmongers; but the spirit of science should not be like this, and at the start, in the primordial phase of human life, it was not so. Yes, there is necessity of weapons – weapons not for strengthening the hands of warmongers, but for providing security for good ideas, good thoughts and good persons. Science should be just like art: science for service and beatitude. Art for service and beatitude, I said; and now I say, science is also for service and beatitude. Science should always be utilized for the proper progress of human society.
P R Sarkar
Renaissance in All the Strata of Life 2 January 1986, Calcutta
THE END
December 14, 2024
Education
Nursing, midwifery training ban causes alarm and disruption
A ban on women pursuing medical education marks the closure of nursing and midwifery programmes across Afghanistan – the last lifeline for girls seeking higher education in a country where women’s rights have been systematically eroded since the Taliban returned to power in 2021.
For the past three years, nursing and midwifery were the only remaining fields of study open to women after the Taliban banned girls from attending secondary schools and universities. With this latest move, any formal education above Grade 6 is now banned for girls in Afghanistan.
The decree issued by the Taliban’s supreme leader, Hebatullah Akhundzada, has naturally caused alarm and immediate disruption.
Medical institutes have been abruptly shut down as the decree reportedly took effect on 3 December, a day after it was communicated to heads of all medical schools at a meeting called by the Taliban Ministry of Public Health in Kabul.
Midwifery instructor Sajia Mirzaie, a single mother of three children, told University World News the move has crushed any remaining hope among Afghan girls of any role outside the confines of their homes.
“For teachers like me, and for thousands of female students, the nursing and midwifery institutes were the only beacon of hope where we saw possibilities of taking our lives forward and meeting the needs of everyday life,” she said.
Thousands enrolled
Conservative estimates suggest around 35,000 girls were enrolled in over 150 private and 10 public medical institutions offering diplomas in fields such as nursing and midwifery and laboratory sciences before the Taliban’s ban.
In remote parts of the country, in contrast to Kabul, the demand for female nurses and midwives is acute, but the ban on studies now means an end to the graduation of new female health workers into society.
In the eastern Jalalabad province bordering Pakistan, Shakeela Shirzad, a fourth-semester midwifery student at one of the medical institutes, was expecting to receive her graduation certificate in a few months. But the Taliban decree has thrown her plans up in the air.
No pipeline of healthcare workers
Afghanistan’s healthcare system was already under strain before the Taliban’s return to power, with one of the world’s highest maternal mortality rates. According to UNICEF, 638 mothers die for every 100,000 births, a situation exacerbated by acute shortages of qualified birth attendants in the country.
Health outcomes are further hampered by an under-resourced healthcare system and poor infrastructure, which disproportionately affects rural and under-served communities.
The need for female healthcare professionals is especially critical in Afghanistan, where cultural norms often prevent women from being treated by male doctors.
Khosrow Yusufzai, the former deputy director of Afghanistan’s Medical Council, told the local Afghan service of the BBC that some 175 private medical institutes offering shorter diplomas or two-year degrees were operating across the country. At least 100 girls were enrolled in each of these institutes.
“Afghanistan is facing a severe shortage of female doctors, nurses, and midwives, and closing these educational centres could leave the country with a significant shortage of health workers,” she said.
The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) in a statement on 4 December said that it was “extremely concerned” about the reported ban.
“UNAMA urges the de facto authorities to reconsider implementing the reported directive in view of its negative implications on the lives of Afghan women and girls and all people across the country,” it said.
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk also urged the de facto authorities to “repeal this harmful directive”.
Australian-led research is unlocking new ways for immunotherapy to better target cancer.
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionised treatment for patients, whereby the body’s own immune system is harnessed to destroy cancer cells.
Typically, several molecules restrain the ability of T cells to target cancer cells and developing approaches to limit this restraining effect can lead to improved effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
Research published in Science Immunology has determined the structure of how an inhibitory molecule, LAG3, interacts with its main ligand and provides a new targeted approach to improving the effectiveness of immunotherapy for certain forms of cancer.
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment for patients, whereby the body’s own immune system is harnessed to destroy cancer cells. Typically, several molecules restrain the ability of T cells to target cancer cells and developing approaches to limit this restraining effect can lead to improved effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Research has now determined the structure of how an inhibitory molecule, LAG3, interacts with its main ligand and provides a new targeted approach to improving the effectiveness of immunotherapy for certain forms of cancer.
US agriculture has the potential to be greenhouse gas negative. Here’s how.
The biggest opportunity to reduce emissions is also one of the easiest for farmers, according to a new study.
Widescale adoption of more sustainable farming practices could allow the U.S. agriculture sector to sequester more carbon than it emits, a groundbreaking new study suggests.
The research, conducted by 26 leading agricultural research scientists, found that the farming industry has the potential to become greenhouse gas negative through steps such as improved soil management. Agriculture currently accounts for approximately 10% of total emissions in the U.S., according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
The biggest opportunity for farmers lies in improving nitrogen fertilizer management, which is also one of the simplest changes. Crops on average take up half of the nitrogen they get from fertilizers, with the rest released into the atmosphere as nitrous oxide — a gas that has a warming potential 300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide.
By more precisely applying nitrogen to fields, U.S. farms could address up to 50% of total agricultural emissions, the study said. These practices also have the added benefit of adding more efficiencies and reducing fertilizer costs.
Nitrogen fertilizer management alone, however, wouldn’t be enough to push U.S. agriculture to negative greenhouse gas status, even if the practice was utilized on 75% of farmland. To realize the full potential of emission reductions, the study said farmers will need to implement a variety of practices that also address challenges from animal production, food waste and energy use.
“The key message in this report is that this requires a systems approach. It’s not just looking at soil carbons; it requires a synergy between all of these elements,” said Dr. Chuck Rice of Kansas State University, one of the report’s lead authors. “Not all ideas fit everywhere, and that’s another key message, but there are multiple strategies to achieve a negative greenhouse agriculture.”
Star-Studded Notre Dame re-opens: Donald Trump and 50 heads of state attend event
Five years after a fire destroyed Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, the iconic monument reopened its doors on Saturday.
Paris’ Notre-Dame Cathedral will reopen today, on December 7, 5.5 years after a devastating fire destroyed its roof and spire and caused major damage throughout.
It remains unclear what caused the fire. French authorities have said an electrical fault or a burning cigarette may have been responsible.
For over five years, thousands of expert craftspeople used age-old methods to restore, repair or replace everything that was destroyed or damaged. One of the bells used during the Paris 2024 Olympic Games at the Stade de France athletics venue has also been installed inside the cathedral with two smaller ones to join the bigger bells already in place.
A medieval Gothic masterpiece, Notre-Dame de Paris (Our Lady of Paris) is one of the French capital’s most beloved and visited monuments.
Ahead of the re-opening, and to mark 60th anniversary of France-China diplomatic ties, the National Museum of China and the body in charge of conserving the French landmark collaborated to host an exhibition in Beijing with four original sculptures from the cathedral.
The construction of the cathedral began in 1163 under Bishop Maurice de Sully and was largely completed by 1260, though it was modified in succeeding centuries. In the 1790s, during the French Revolution, Notre-Dame suffered extensive desecration; much of its religious imagery was damaged or destroyed. In the 19th century, the cathedral hosted the coronation of Napoleon and the funerals of many of the French Republic’s presidents. The 1831 publication of Victor Hugo’s novel Notre-Dame de Paris (English title: The Hunchback of Notre-Dame) inspired interest which led to restoration between 1844 and 1864, supervised by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. On 26 August 1944, the Liberation of Paris from German occupation was celebrated in Notre-Dame with the singing of the Magnificat. Beginning in 1963, the cathedral’s façade was cleaned of soot and grime. Another cleaning and restoration project was carried out between 1991 and 2000. A fire in April 2019 caused serious damage, closing the cathedral for repairs; it reopened in December 2024.
Restoring the historic monument has cost an estimated $737 million, according to Rebuilding Notre Dame de Paris, the public body concerned. Overall, $891 million was raised in donations from 3,40,000 donors in 150 countries, with the extra funds used to restore other monuments.
The re-opening comes as a relief to small business owners around the cathedral. French President Emmanuel Macron was the first to catch a glimpse of the restored historic masterpiece.
The re-opening will be a high-security event since around 50 Heads of State and the Government are expected to attend. President Macron will give a speech in front of the cathedral as part of the reopening festivities, followed by Paris’ Archbishop Laurent Ulrich who will use his crosier to knock on the cathedral’s heavy doors. The US President-elect Donald Trump will also be present.
S. Korean president defends martial law declaration days after apology
Days after apologizing for declaring martial law, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol gave a defiant speech on Thursday, Dec. 12. Yoon vowed to “fight to the end,” despite mounting criticism and efforts to impeach him coming from opposition parties, as well as some in his own party.
In Thursday’s speech, Yoon called his martial law declaration “a warning” to members of the opposition.
Prior to Yoon’s declaration, the Democratic Party and Yoon’s more conservative People Power Party had clashed over several political disputes, including a budget battle and investigations into allegations of corruption surrounding Yoon and his wife.
South Korean law allows a president to declare martial law in times of war or national emergency. However, no leader has done so since 1979, when a military dictatorship ruled the country. As such, the opposition, plus some members of Yoon’s party, say his declaration violated the constitution.
The first effort in the country’s National Assembly to impeach Yoon failed after most of his party voted to block impeachment efforts, preventing it from reaching the requisite two-thirds majority.
Police have been investigating whether Yoon’s actions amount to insurrection, a crime for which he could be arrested. Leaders of an insurrection can face life imprisonment or potentially the death penalty.
Yoon says his actions were just part of governance and that he can’t be charged with insurrection.
World News Today highlights on December 4, 2024 : Donald Trump names billionaire private astronaut, Jared Isaacman, as next NASA chief; who is he?
Jared Isaacman, CEO of Shift4 Payments and experienced private astronaut, has been selected by President-elect Trump to lead NASA. REUTERS/Joe Skipper/File Photo(REUTERS)
US President-elect Donald Trump on Wednesday nominated Jared Isaacman, the online payments billionaire and the first private astronaut to ever perform a spacewalk, as the next head of NASA.
“I am delighted to nominate Jared Isaacman, an accomplished business leader, philanthropist, pilot and astronaut, as Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),” Trump wrote on Truth Social.
“Jared will drive NASA’s mission of discovery and inspiration, paving the way for groundbreaking achievements in Space science, technology, and exploration.”
“There will inevitably be a thriving space economy — one that will create opportunities for countless people to live and work in space,” Isaacman said in a post after Trump’s announcement.
“At NASA, we will passionately pursue these possibilities.”
The nod could spark questions about potential conflicts of interest, given Isaacman’s extensive financial ties to Elon Musk, who is set to co-chair a government efficiency commission and is one of Trump’s closest advisors.
Who is Jared Isaacman?
Isaacman, 41, the founder and CEO of Shift4 Payments, has emerged as a leading figure in commercial spaceflight through his high-profile collaborations with Musk’s SpaceX.
His achievements include stepping out of a Crew Dragon to gaze at Earth from the void of space, while clutching the spacecraft’s exterior, back in September.
The historic spacewalk took place under the Polaris program, a collaboration between Isaacman and SpaceX that is set to include three missions in total.
Financial terms of the partnership remain under wraps but Isaacman reportedly poured $200 million of his own money into leading the 2021 all-civilian SpaceX Inspiration4 orbital mission, his first foray into space.
He is also a vocal supporter of SpaceX and Musk, frequently praising the company and its vision on the platform X.
Isaacman, a Pennsylvania native, founded the business that became Shift4 Payments from his family’s basement at just 16.
A skilled aviator, he is qualified to fly military aircraft, has performed in airshows, and set a world record for an around-the-world flight.
Images appear to show Russia dismantling military equipment in Syria
Russian army convoys were also seen crossing Syria, suggesting Russia may be preparing for a military drawdown after ally Bashar Al-Assad was overthrown by Syrian rebels last week.
Satellite images appeared to show Russian forces packing up and dismantling military equipment at one of their key bases in Syria on Friday, suggesting that it may be preparing for a military withdrawal after former president and Russian ally Bashar Al-Assad was overthrown by Syrian rebels last week.
It remains to be seen what the final arrangement may be between Russia and Syria’s new government, but the movements reflect the profound shift in the country’s post-Assad power dynamics, as Moscow grapples with losing a key ally and the potential erosion of its influence in the Middle East.
Maxar Technologies, a U.S. defense contractor, released imagery on Friday showing transport movements at Russia’s Hmeimim airbase and Tartus naval base, both located south of Latakia on Syria’s Mediterranean coast.
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a U.K.-based monitoring group, also reported that Russian forces were withdrawing from the Hassia area south of Homs, with plans to regroup later at Hmeimim.
Similar movements of Russian forces on the move have been observed across the country.
Technology breakthroughs are unlocking geothermal energy’s vast potential in countries across the globe
Largely untapped underground energy source can help meet world’s rapidly growing demand for electricity, but cost reductions are needed to drive new generation of projects
With global electricity demand set to grow strongly, new technologies are opening up the massive potential of geothermal energy to provide around-the-clock clean power in almost all countries around the world, according to a new IEA report.
The report, The Future of Geothermal Energy, finds that geothermal energy could meet 15% of global electricity demand growth between now and 2050 if project costs continue to decline. This would mean the deployment of as much as 800 gigawatts of geothermal capacity worldwide, delivering annual output equivalent to the current electricity demand of the United States and India combined.
Geothermal energy offers abundant, highly flexible and clean electricity supplies that can support variable renewable technologies such as wind and solar while complementing other low-emissions sources like nuclear. Today, geothermal meets about 1% of global electricity demand. However, based on a new first-of-its-kind country-level analysis, conducted in collaboration with Project InnerSpace, the IEA report shows that next-generation geothermal technologies have the technical potential to meet global electricity and heat demand many times over.
Importantly, geothermal energy can draw upon the expertise of today’s oil and gas industries by using existing drilling techniques and equipment to go deeper under the earth’s surface to tap into vast low-emissions energy resources.
“New technologies are opening new horizons for geothermal energy across the globe, offering the possibility of meeting a significant portion of the world’s rapidly growing demand for electricity securely and cleanly,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol. “What’s more, geothermal is a major opportunity to draw on the technology and expertise of the oil and gas industry. Our analysis shows that the growth of geothermal could generate investment worth $1 trillion by 2035.”
The report highlights that more than 100 countries have policies in place for solar PV and onshore wind, but only 30 have such policies for geothermal. Moving geothermal up national energy agendas with specific goals, backed support for innovation and technology development, can go a long way to reducing project risk perception and unlocking new investment.
New twist in Syria crisis as Israel attacks Damascus, radar stations, warehouses, research centers targeted, parts of Israeli missiles found in…
IDF announced a major offensive targeting Syria’s air defenses and advanced military capabilities, destroying over 90% of identified surface-to-air missile systems.
Following the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad’s regime in Syria, Israel has reportedly initiated large-scale territorial expansions. According to Voice of Damascus, a Syrian news outlet linked to rebel groups, Israeli airstrikes targeted several areas in and around the capital Damascus. On Friday, strikes were reported in Damascus, As-Suwayda, Al-Qalamoun, Masyaf, Latakia, and rural Tartus. According to media reports, radar stations, warehouses, and scientific research centers were targeted during the strikes. Additionally, facilities near Mount Qasioun in Damascus, including warehouses of the Republican Guard and the Fourth Division, were hit. The Sabrin News agency, associated with Iranian-backed militias in Iraq, claimed that fragments of an Israeli missile landed in the Rukn al-Din district of Damascus. Israel justified the attacks by citing fears that chemical weapons could fall into the hands of rebel groups following Assad’s downfall.
Extent of Syria’s Losses
Israel’s operations reportedly lasted 72 hours, during which significant damage was inflicted on Syria’s defenses and military infrastructure. According to Israel, it destroyed:
109 anti-aircraft missile batteries,
34 radar sites, and
390 storage and launch facilities for missiles, rockets, and UAVs.
It is estimated that 70% of Syria’s air defense systems and 80% of its missile and rocket arsenal were obliterated. Israel also claimed to have destroyed numerous Syrian fighter jets, helicopters, and the country’s naval fleet.
Prout philosophy states, “The cry, “Peace! Peace!” has become a craze in the world today. Can anything be achieved by such cries? There is no way to establish peace except to fight against the very factors which disturb peace.
Shri P R Sarkar
from Prout in a nutshell part 3, Problems of the day
THE END
December 7, 2024
Agriculture
World Soil Day 2024 Underlines Vital Importance Of Accurate Soil Data And Information For Food Security
06 December2024, Rome: At global celebrations marking Word Soil Day 2024, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) today highlighted the crucial need for accurate soil data and information to understand soil characteristics and support informed decision-making on sustainable soil management to ensure food security.
“You cannot manage what you cannot measure,” FAO Director-General QU Dongyu said in his opening video address for the official FAO World Soil Day (WSD) celebration held in Pak Chong, Thailand – marking the first time the event was hosted outside of FAO headquarters. “Globally, 1.6 billion hectares of land are degraded due to human activity, with over 60 percent of this damage occurring on valuable cropland and pastureland. To reverse this trend, we need sustainable soil management based on accurate soil data and information for informed decision-making,” Qu said.
The event in Thailand was connected via video link with a session of the 16th Conference of the Parties (COP16) of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in Saudi Arabia, where WSD is also being celebrated as part of Agrifood Systems Day. The session in Riyadh saw the launch of the Regional Action Plan for Sustainable Soil Management in the Near East and North Africa (NENA).
Key participants in the celebration in Thailand included Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand and Akara Prompow, the country’s Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Participating from Saudi Arabia were Abdulrahman bin Abdulmohsen Alfadley, Minister for Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi Arabia and UNCCD COP16 President, Ibrahim Thiaw, UNCCD Executive Secretary and Alvaro Lario, President of the International Fund for Agricultural Development.
Measurements and interpretation
Soil data provides raw measurements of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, while soil information offers interpreted and synthesized data for practical applications and policymaking.
Accurate soil data and information can enable sustainable soil management and effective carbon sequestration, with soils capturing up to 2 gigatons of CO2 annually. Providing more data and information on soils among other site-specific information enables farmers to use fertilizers more effectively, potentially improving crop nutrient efficiency —particularly nitrogen—by 30 percent worldwide.
Healthy soils are essential for food security, nutrition, climate action, biodiversity and livelihoods. Yet, every year the world loses billions of tonnes of topsoil due to erosion alone, posing a major threat to soil health. Salinization, pollution, compaction and the climate crisis also threaten soils, at a time when hundreds of millions of people worldwide face hunger and billions are food insecure.
Working together with partners through key initiatives like the Global Soil Partnership, the Global Soil Laboratory Network, and the Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils Initiative, FAO promotes new soil technologies, such as soil sensors, digital mapping, and big data, to bring critical soil insights directly to farmers, scientists, and policymakers.
To date, the FAO’s Global Soil Partnership has trained over 1900 national experts through its International Network of Soil Information Institutions (INSII) comprised of 122 national institutions.
Green technology training could curb unemployment in Africa
African climate stakeholders have called for more green technology training in specialised higher education institutions as a transformative opportunity to curb surging unemployment and empower African graduates to take over the relay in the climate change drive.
During a panel discussion as part of a Green Education side event at COP29, climate change actors pointed out that, across Africa, the youth has shown innovative potential through emerging green technologies in the tech start-up sector that present unique opportunities to tackle climate challenges.
Harnessing these startups to fill the technology gap and curb youth unemployment will require targeted support because of existing barriers such as ill-equipped specialised training institutions, financing deficits, skills mismatches, gender disparities and regulatory hindrances.
The discussion, ‘Localising Green Technology Innovation: The role of the youth’, was held on 16 November 2024 and organised by the Africa Policy Research Institute (APRI) and the Strategic Youth Network for Development (SYND).
Priscilla Adogo Ahiada, head of the energy programme at the SYND, called on stakeholders to engage on pathways to bolster youth employment through green technology training in specialised higher education institutions.
Skills gap hinders progress
African governments were urged to invest in more green technology training at higher education institutions with specialisation in green technology for a climate-ready future.
“It is time to confront the fact that, [with] systemic poverty across Africa, the skills gap is limiting climate progress. Investing in green technology training is the way forward for Africa,” Ahiada said.
According to data from the African Development Institute, the youth population in Africa is expected to reach 850 million by 2050. However, despite policies aimed at youth employment such as the Africa Union Youth Charter and Agenda 2063, employment growth remains a challenge.
In the 6-hour mayhem of South Korea’s martial law, a woman’s act of resistance was a defining moment
SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — In the groundswell of fury and defiance that erupted among South Koreans after their president declared martial law, curtailing the country’s hard-won freedoms, it was perhaps the iconic moment.
As parliamentarians scrambled to get inside the National Assembly building to reverse the emergency measure, a woman in a leather coat confronted one of the soldiers who was trying to stop the lawmakers, grabbed his automatic rifle and tried to tug it away while yelling “Aren’t you ashamed?”
As the soldier backed away, he raised the rifle’s barrel toward the woman. She pressed on, grabbing it as it was pointed at her chest, still yelling, before he gave up, turned and walked away.
Video of the encounter quickly went viral and became a social media rallying cry that helped fuel the six-hour outburst of protest before President Yoon Suk Yeol was forced to rescind the martial law order early Wednesday morning.
US imposes new export controls on China, targeting semiconductor technology
On December 2, 2024, the US Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS“) issued long anticipated and extensive new controls to impair China’s indigenous production of advanced semiconductors and other items that can be used in advanced weapon systems, AI, and advanced computing in support of China’s military-civil fusion program. The new rules have a particular focus on the tools used in semiconductor manufacturing and on certain high bandwidth memory (“HBM“), and this is also reflected in the type of entities newly-designated on the Entity List.
U.S. chips are ‘no longer safe,’ Chinese industry bodies say in latest trade salvo
The industry association warnings came after the U.S. launched its third crackdown in three years on China’s semiconductor industry, curbing exports to 140 companies.
Iran ‘dramatically’ increasing Uranium enrichment to nuclear bomb grade
MANAMA/VIENNA, Dec 6 (Reuters) – Iran is “dramatically” accelerating its enrichment of uranium to up to 60% purity, close to the roughly 90% level that is weapons grade, U.N. nuclear watchdog chief Rafael Grossi told Reuters on Friday.
The International Atomic Energy Agency later confirmed in a confidential report to member states that Iran was speeding up uranium enrichment, a process that refines the raw material so that it can be used as fuel in civil nuclear power generation or, potentially, nuclear weapons.
The IAEA findings will deepen alarm in Western countries that say there is no justification for enriching uranium to such a high level under any civilian programme and that no other country has done so without producing nuclear bombs.
Iran denies pursuing nuclear weapons.
Tehran already has enough material enriched to up to 60% purity to be able to make four nuclear weapons if it enriches it further, according to an IAEA yardstick.
“Today the agency is announcing that the production capacity is increasing dramatically of the 60% inventory,” IAEA chief Grossi said on the sidelines of the Manama Dialogue security conference in Bahrain.
He said Iran’s production capacity was set to rise to “seven, eight times more, maybe, or even more” than the current level of 5-7 kg of uranium enriched to up to 60% purity a month.
In the report to member states, which was seen by Reuters, the IAEA said Iran had increased the enrichment rate of the material being fed into two interconnected cascades of advanced IR-6 centrifuges at its Fordow plant.
The plant had already been enriching uranium to up to 60% purity with material enriched to up to 5% purity. The material being fed in now has been enriched to up to 20% purity, accelerating the process of reaching 60%.
That change means Iran will “significantly” increase the amount of uranium it enriches to 60% purity, reaching more than 34 kg a month at Fordow alone, the report said.
Iran is also enriching uranium to up to 60% at another site, Natanz.
‘DANGEROUS AND RECKLESS’
Tehran was angered by a resolution last month put forward by Britain, Germany and France, known as the E3, and the United States that faulted Iran’s cooperation with the IAEA.
“This is a serious escalatory step by Iran, which we strongly condemn,” a German foreign ministry source said of Iran accelerating uranium enrichment to 60% purity. “It is obvious that such measures significantly worsen the framework for diplomatic efforts.”
Kelsey Davenport, director of non-proliferation policy at the Arms Control Association advocacy group in Washington, said Iran’s acceleration at Fordow was “a dangerous and reckless escalation that risks derailing the prospects for negotiations with the United States.”
“Increasing the capacity to move more quickly to multiple bombs’ worth of weapons-grade uranium increases the risk of miscalculation and military action,” she said.
After pulling the United States out of the 2015 nuclear deal between Tehran and world powers, Trump pursued a “maximum pressure” policy that sought to wreck Iran’s economy. He is staffing his planned administration with hawks on Iran.
Barnier voted out in no-confidence motion: Three charts to explain France’s political uncertainty
After France Prime Minister Michel Barnier lost a no-confidence motion in the country’s Assembly, political uncertainty has risen again after Macron’s July snap elections. Here are three charts to explain the situation.
France’s current crisis is the second in only six months when French president Emmanuel Macron called a snap election in July to reiterate his government’s strength. However, the move backfired. Ensemble, the alliance that his party headed, won fewer seats than the previous election. The two other main alliances – left alliance New Popular Front and right alliance National Rally – increased their seat tally, with the NPF winning the most seats.
This resulted in a hung parliament, where no party wins a majority of 289 or more seats in the 577-seat Assembly.
The results cast uncertainty about the country’s political future. Credit rating agency S&P said in a post-election note that it anticipated a “struggle to implement meaningful policy measures” and “a persistent risk of a vote of no-confidence”, according to Reuters. A hung parliament makes it harder to pass legislation, since decisions have to pass through a broader consensus.
Selecting the Prime Minister
Since no party won a majority, Mr. Macron had to find a candidate who can withstand no-confidence motions in the future by garnering enough support. After negotiations across the board with both left and right parties, Mr. Macron appointed Michel Barnier, a moderate right-wing politician, as Prime Minister with tentative support from National Rally amidst protest from the NFP alliance. It accused Mr. Macron of “stealing” the elections by ignoring the “will of the people.”
Canada bans more types of firearms and proposes donating guns to Ukraine
OTTAWA, Ontario (AP) — Canada said Thursday it is outlawing another 324 firearm varieties — guns the public safety minister said belong on the battlefield, not in the hands of hunters or sport shooters.
Ottawa also said it is working with the government of Ukraine to see how the guns can be donated to support the fight against Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
The move follows the May 2020 ban of 1,500 makes and models of firearms, a number that grew to more than 2,000 by November of this year as new variants were identified.
The latest restriction, announced Thursday by Public Safety Minister Dominic LeBlanc, follows expressions of concern from gun-control advocates that many assault-style firearms were not included in the 2020 ban.
“This means these firearms can no longer be used,” LeBlanc said.
Defense Minister Bill Blair said Canada approached Ukrainian authorities, who expressed interest in some of the guns.
“Every bit of assistance we can offer to the Ukrainians is one step toward their victory,” Blair said.
The federal government says it is working with provinces, territories and police on a planned buyback of prohibited weapons from individual owners.
Mass shootings are relatively rare in Canada, but the newly announced measures come on the eve of the 35th anniversary of the École Polytechnique in Montreal shooting, where a gunman killed 14 women before killing himself. The Ruger Mini-14 used by the gunman, Marc Lepine, was among the weapons included in the 2020.
Nathalie Provost, a survivor who was wounded in the attack, said Thursday she was targeted for being a woman studying engineering.
“These are just killing weapons, war weapons, military weapons, so I’m proud we are doing something,” Provost said.
Canada has had far fewer mass shootings than the U.S. in part because of a lack of easy access to guns, though the U.S. population also is far larger than Canada’s. Officials have acknowledged guns smuggled into Canada illegally are often used by criminals.
Opposition Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre called the announcement a “stunt” by Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s government that attacks “licensed & law-abiding hunters and sport shooters.”
Traditional Medicine: 2024 World Conference on Traditional Medicine opens in Beijing
The 2024 World Conference on Traditional Medicine is co-sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with the National Health Commission of China, the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), and the Beijing Municipal Government. The event take place in Beijing, China, from 3 to 4 December 2024 and will serve as an opportunity to improve global access to traditional and complementary medicine and its integration into healthcare systems worldwide.
Diversity, Inheritance and Innovation: Traditional Medicine for All
The conference is a pivotal platform to enhance dialogue and collaboration among international experts, policy-makers, health workers, and traditional medicine practitioners. It will help advance progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 3 on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. Discussions also align with the Global Strategy for Traditional Medicine (2025–2034), which WHO will present at the Seventy-eighth World Health Assembly in May 2025.
It is the third time that China is hosting such a conference as traditional Chinese medicine is developing fast and integrating into today’s life both in China and other countries. Experts say, the best practices and experiences in traditional medicine in China can serve as an example for other countries.
Objectives
The conference focused on several key objectives:
Ensuring safe, effective, and people-centered traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine practices are accessible to communities globally.
Engaging stakeholders, policy-makers, and researchers to explore synergies between traditional medicine and modern healthcare systems, contributing to a One Health approach.
Enhancing the integration of evidence-based traditional medicine into national healthcare frameworks as affirmed by the UN Political Declaration on Universal Health Coverage.
The two-day event included a series of panel discussions and sessions covering diverse topics such as evidence-based traditional medicine, advanced technologies, AI applications in traditional medicine research, and the standardization and safety of herbal medicines. Keynote speakers addressed critical issues related to regulation, integrative medicine, and the role of traditional medicine in primary healthcare.
A Global Gathering for Health Leaders
With representatives from all WHO regions, the conference had gathered governmental health leaders, Nobel laureates, health workers, researchers, and public health officials. Participants will engage in collaborative discussions aimed at shaping the future of traditional medicine and its contribution to the highest attainable standard of health and well-being for all communities.
Woman’s World Editors Name the Best Books of 2024—See the Winners Across All Genres!
From romance to thriller and historical fiction, WW editors reveal the books that stole their hearts this year
As the holidays approach and the year winds down, Woman’s World editors are reflecting on their favorite books of the year. From sweeping fantasies to romances that made us believe in the power of love again to fascinating memoirs and many more, 2024 was a year filled with extraordinary stories.
And now, WW editors are celebrating a year of excellent books with our first-ever WW Book Awards! With dozens of books in the running, our editors curated and voted for their top reads of the year—the special, standout books that captured our imaginations and our hearts from page one. Keep scrolling to discover which books—written by beloved and debut authors alike—were crowned as “the best books of 2024” across 13 genres.
Unforgettable characters and deeply captivating moments abound in The Women, the international bestselling saga from beloved author Kristin Hannah. It’s 1965 and 20-year-old nursing student Frances “Frankie” McGrath joins her brother to serve in Vietnam in the Army Nurse Corps. Even after the overwhelming day-to-day of the war, the real challenge Frankie will face is coming home to a changed America. A story of the women who courageously served their country.
Iran planning to build nuclear missile? Launches heaviest space payload, bad news for Israel, US
The launch is the latest version of Iran’s programme.
Iran has successfully launched its heaviest space payload. This payload weighing 300 kg includes Fakhr-1 Telecommunication Satellite and Saman-1 Space Tug. SAMAN-1 is an orbital transmission system. The launch comes with the success of a domestically developed satellite carrier on Friday, 06 December 2024.
These payload satellites are designed to carry satellites from lower orbits to upper orbits. This launch is an operational step towards shifting satellites to upper orbits. The system was first introduced at a ceremony in February 2017 and was tested in 2022.
These payload satellites are designed to carry satellites from lower orbits to upper orbits. This launch is an operational step towards shifting satellites to upper orbits. The system was first introduced at a ceremony in February 2017 and was tested in 2022.
The launch is the latest version of Iran’s programme, which the West alleges will improve Tehran’s ballistic missile programme. The US and the West have repeatedly said that Iran’s launches could be used to make nuclear missiles. The timing of this launch by Iran is also crucial because of the Persian state’s ongoing conflict with Israel and America.
These payloads were launched using the indigenous Simorgh Satellite Carrier from the Imam Khomeini launch base in Semnan province.
Simorg is a two-stage liquid-fuel satellite launch vehicle. It has been developed by the Ministry of Defense of Iran. Iran said in September this year that it had successfully put the Chamran-1 research satellite into orbit using the Gham-100 carrier. Gham-100 has been built by the Aerospace Division of the Revolutionary Guards.
The US and Western countries have repeatedly warned Iran against such launches as they claim that the technology used for launching the satellite can be applied to ballistic missiles.
These ballistic missiles may be capable of carrying nuclear weapons.
However, Iran denies that it is seeking nuclear weapons and has consistently said that its satellite and rocket launches are focused on civilian and defence applications.
The United States has earlier claimed that Iran’s satellite launches defy a UN Security Council (UNSC) resolution and called on the Persian state to undertake no activity involving ballistic missiles capable of delivering nuclear weapons.
Landmark space mission set to create artificial solar eclipses using satellites
Two satellites in Proba-3 mission expected to be launched on Wednesday in India and will work in tandem to study sun’s corona
Final preparations have begun for a landmark space mission that will use satellites flying in close formation to create artificial solar eclipses high above the Earth.
The Proba-3 mission is the European Space Agency’s first attempt at precise formation flying in orbit and calls for two spacecraft to loop around the planet in an arrangement that never deviates by more than a millimetre, about the thickness of a human fingernail.
All being well, the spacecraft will blast off from India’s Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, on the Bay of Bengal coast, at 4.08pm local time (10.38am UK time) on Wednesday. After a four-month voyage, the probes will reach a highly elliptic orbit that swoops as close as 370 miles to Earth before swinging out for more than 37,000 miles.
“It’s an experiment in space to demonstrate a new concept, a new technology,” said Damien Galano, the Proba project manager at ESA. “It’s very challenging because we need to control very well the flight path of the two spacecraft.”
If the satellites operate as intended, they will line up with the sun such that the lead spacecraft casts a carefully controlled shadow on its partner, allowing instruments on the latter to measure the sun’s corona, the outer layer of its atmosphere.
Data from the mission should shed light on the longstanding mystery of why the corona is so much hotter than the sun itself; the sun’s surface is about 5,500C, but the corona can exceed 1mC.
By better understanding the corona, scientists hope to improve their predictions of solar weather, coronal mass ejections – where pulses of plasma and magnetic field burst into space – and solar storms, which can damage spacecraft and cause power outages and communications blackouts on Earth.
The Proba-3 spacecraft will swing around the planet once every 19.7 hours for two years. For six hours in every orbit the satellites will fly in formation, drawing on optical sensors and flashing LEDs to locate one another, and a precision laser system to automatically finesse their distance and orientation. The first images from the mission are expected as soon as March 2025.
Beyond the mission’s main goals, ESA scientists have set aside time to test manoeuvres that may be helpful in the future to service faulty satellites or remove “uncooperative” hardware and debris from orbit.
‘Climate-induced poisoning’: 350 elephants probably killed by toxic water
Satellite data analysis suggests algal blooms could be behind mass die-off in Botswana that sparked flurry of theories in 2020
More than 350 elephants that died in mysterious circumstances probably drank toxic water, according to a new paper that warns of an “alarming trend” in climate-induced poisoning.
The deaths in Botswana’s Okavango delta were described by scientists as a “conservation disaster”. Elephants of all ages were seen walking in circles before collapsing and dying. Carcasses were first spotted in north-eastern Botswana in May and June 2020, with many theories circulating about the cause of death, including cyanide poisoning or an unknown disease.
The incident was the largest documented elephant die-off where the cause was unknown, according to the lead researcher Davide Lomeo, a geography PhD student at King’s College London. “This is why it sparked so much concern,” he said.
Now, a new paper published in the journal Science of the Total Environment suggests the elephants were poisoned by water that contained toxic blooms of blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria. The climate crisis is increasing the intensity and severity of harmful algal blooms.
Researchers used satellite data to analyse the distribution of the carcasses relative to watering holes (there was no direct testing of samples because none were available). The team believes that the elephants generally walked just over 100km (62 miles) from the waterholes and died within 88 hours of drinking. In total they examined 3,000 waterholes, and found those that experienced increased cyanobacteria blooms in 2020 had high concentrations of carcasses. “They have no choice but to drink from them,” said Lomeo. It is possible other animals died from drinking from the waterholes, but bodies may not have been spotted from aerial surveys, and smaller carcasses could have already been taken by predators.
Why Italy Passed New Law Banning Surrogacy, Calling It “Universal Crime”
While Italian law already prohibited surrogacy within Italy, the new ban will make it a crime for Italians to access surrogacy abroad even in countries where the practice is legal.
Rome:
The Italian Senate recently passed a law making surrogacy a “universal crime”. In a country where surrogacy is already illegal, and has been since 2004, this decision takes restrictions to a whole new level.
While Italian law already prohibited surrogacy within Italy, the new ban will make it a crime for Italians to access surrogacy abroad – even in countries where the practice is legal.
Why Italy Passed New Law Banning Surrogacy, Calling It “Universal Crime”
While Italian law already prohibited surrogacy within Italy, the new ban will make it a crime for Italians to access surrogacy abroad even in countries where the practice is legal.
Rome:The Italian Senate recently passed a law making surrogacy a “universal crime”. In a country where surrogacy is already illegal, and has been since 2004, this decision takes restrictions to a whole new level.
While Italian law already prohibited surrogacy within Italy, the new ban will make it a crime for Italians to access surrogacy abroad – even in countries where the practice is legal.
The use of the term “universal crime” (reato universale) to describe the ban has raised further concern. The language evokes the wording of the Italian criminal code for crimes considered so serious that they contravene “universal values”. The wording therefore puts surrogacy on a par with genocide and crimes against humanity.
Countries are not aligned on whether surrogacy should be allowed or prohibited. Several allow it, albeit with different restrictions and safeguards. In Greece, non-commercial surrogacy has been legal since 2002, allowing the intended parents to have legal parenthood at birth. In California, even so-called commercial surrogacy – where the surrogate receives compensation – is allowed.
Other countries, including France and Germany, prohibit surrogacy. This means that the surrogate is the legal mother when the child is born. But they still typically allow the intended parents to establish a legal bond with the child by other means, for example by giving legal recognition to the genetic father alongside the surrogate mother or to both parents via adoption, in cases where surrogacy has been sought abroad.
In the UK, the surrogate is the legal parent at birth but courts can transfer parenthood to the intended parents through a parental order, a surrogacy-specific mechanism designed to be less burdensome than adoption.
Italian prime minister Giorgia Meloni called the new surrogacy ban “common sense” and celebrated it as protecting women and children from “commodification”. Others see the ban as the opposite of protecting women and children.
International rulings
The European Court of Human Rights often examines events in its member countries (which include Italy) to determine whether there is broader consensus on an issue. In 2014 it looked into surrogacy in its Mennesson v France judgment. And in 2019 it issued an advisory opinion on the matter.
While it found no consensus on the lawfulness of surrogacy arrangements, it decided that the rights of children born through surrogacy require “a possibility of recognition of a legal parent-child relationship”. Italy’s absolute ban goes against this reasoning.
In 2019, the British supreme court also invoked the child’s welfare as the main driver for judges to recognise intended parents as legal parents. To do otherwise in most cases, it concluded, risks leaving the child “legally parentless (and possibly also stateless)” – because they would be legally tied to a person living abroad and who did not intend to be their parent.
A UK study found that most surrogates don’t view themselves as the mother and would support recognising intended parents as legal parents from birth.
Meloni’s government, led by the far-right Brothers of Italy, has consistently focused on policies that promote what it sees as a “traditional” form of family. Running on a platform focused on the fascist motto of “God, family, fatherland”, Meloni’s government has been open about its anti-LGBTQ+ stance.
Banning surrogacy was in the party’s manifesto, along with policies against same-sex marriage and same-sex adoption. During the debate in the Senate, a Brothers of Italy senator called motherhood “the foundation of our civilisation”. Meloni’s policies, from banning surrogacy to restrictions on abortion, curtail reproductive choice – ideologically driven by an emphasis on “natural” motherhood.
While it is mostly straight Italian couples who use surrogacy by going abroad, many of them will hide the fact that they had a child this way. Same-sex couples are even more restricted since they obviously cannot fly under the radar in the same way. Under Italian law, they also have no other choices for having a child together: they are banned from accessing IVF or adopting.
Denmark will plant 1 billion trees and convert 10% of farmland into forest
COPENHAGEN, Denmark (AP) — Danish lawmakers on Monday agreed on a deal to plant 1 billion trees and convert 10% of farmland into forest and natural habitats over the next two decades in an effort to reduce fertilizer usage.
The government called the agreement “the biggest change to the Danish landscape in over 100 years.”
“The Danish nature will change in a way we have not seen since the wetlands were drained in 1864,” said Jeppe Bruus, head of Denmark’s Green Tripartite Ministry, created to implement a green deal reached in June among farmers, the industry, the labor unions and environmental groups.
Under the agreement, 43 billion kroner ($6.1 billion) have been earmarked to acquire land from farmers over the next two decades, the government said.
Danish forests would grow on an additional 250,000 hectares (618,000 acres), and another 140,000 hectares (346,000 acres), which are currently cultivated on climate-damaging low-lying soils, must be converted to nature. Currently, 14.6% of land is covered by forests.
The deal was reached by the three-party Danish government — made up of the Social Democrats, the Liberals and the center Moderates — and the Socialist People’s Party, the Conservatives, Liberal Alliance and the Social Liberal Party.
A vote in parliament on the deal is considered a formality.
In June, the government said livestock farmers will be taxed for the greenhouse gases emitted by their cows, sheep and pigs from 2030, the first country to do so as it targets a major source of methane emissions, one of the most potent gases contributing to global warming.
Anti-government rebels breach Syria’s largest city for the first time since 2016
Aleppo has not been attacked by opposition forces since they were ousted from eastern neighbourhoods in 2016.
Insurgents breached Syria’s largest city Friday and clashed with government forces for the first time since 2016, according to a war monitor and fighters, in a surprise attack that sent residents fleeing and added fresh uncertainty to a region reeling from multiple wars. Aleppo, which is historically one of Syria’s largest cities and a pivotal commercial centre, has not witnessed such an opposition-led assault since 2016 when a ferocious aerial campaign by Russian forces helped President Bashar Assad reclaim control of the city.
The advance on Aleppo followed a shock offensive launched by insurgents Wednesday, as thousands of fighters swept through villages and towns in Syria’s northwestern countryside. Residents fled neighbourhoods on the city’s edge because of missiles and gunfire, according to witnesses in Aleppo. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which monitors the country’s unresolved civil war, said dozens of fighters from both sides were killed.
Now, this new round of offensive brings to light the ongoing instability in Syria, which has far-reaching consequences for the broader Middle Eastern region.
The renewed violence in Aleppo comes at a time when the geopolitical landscape is already tense, especially in the Middle East region given the Israel-Hamas war and US-backed conflict with Hezbollah in Lebanon, both of which have strong ties to Iran.
According to Robert Ford, the last-serving US ambassador to Syria, the Israeli military’s strikes against Syrian and Hezbollah targets, coupled with a recent ceasefire, catalysed the motivation of the Syrian rebels to advance their position in Aleppo.
Why recent Syrian rebel is significant?
The significance of the fighting in Aleppo cannot be understated as it can turn around the power structure in conflict-hit Syria where President Bashar Assad has managed to steer away the opposition forces seeking his ouster for more than a decade.
This tussle has resulted in approximately half a million deaths and caused about 6.8 million Syrians to flee the country. This mass migration has impacted European politics, contributing to the rise of anti-immigrant movements across the continent.
Currently, the roughly 30% of Syria that is not under Assad’s control is governed by a mix of opposition factions and foreign troops. The United States has about 900 military personnel stationed in northeastern Syria.
Notably, Turkey also has a military presence in Syria and plays a significant role in influencing the coalition of opposition groups fighting in Aleppo.
At the forefront of the recent Aleppo offensive is Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), a group designated as a terrorist organization by the US and UN since its inception. Its leader, Abu Mohammed al-Golani, rose to prominence as the head of al-Qaida’s Syrian branch early in the conflict.
In the past, Golani and his organization were responsible for numerous attacks, including bombings and threats against Western forces, while enforcing strict religious laws.
However, in a shift over the last few years, Golani and HTS have worked to reshape their image by focusing on governance in the areas under their control.
In the current climate, Israeli airstrikes have targeted Hezbollah weapon storage and Syrian military positions in Aleppo, as reported by independent monitoring groups.
The aim of the offensive was to reestablish the boundaries of the de-escalation zone, according to Turkish officials.
Cash-Strapped Sri Lanka Records Highest Deflation In 61 Years
An unprecedented financial crash in 2022 brought months of consumer goods shortages, with inflation peaking at nearly 70 percent that year.
Colombo:
Sri Lanka’s consumer prices fell by 2.1 percent in November, the highest deflation rate recorded by the economically fragile island nation since 1961, official data showed Saturday.
An unprecedented financial crash in 2022 brought months of consumer goods shortages, with inflation peaking at nearly 70 percent that year.
Since then, a $2.9 billion bailout loan from the International Monetary Fund, tax hikes and other austerity measures have slowly made headway in repairing the island’s economy.
“Headline inflation will remain negative in the next few months, deeper than previously projected, mainly due to larger downward adjustments in energy prices and reduction in volatile food prices,” Sri Lanka’s central bank said in a statement.
The bank said inflation was likely to return to its target level of five percent in the coming months.
Sri Lanka had already seen deflation of 0.8 percent in October and 0.5 percent in September.
President Anura Kumara Dissanayake, who was elected in September, has vowed to maintain the IMF bailout programme negotiated by his predecessor that includes higher taxes and cuts to state spending.
Hamas Delegation To Hold Gaza Ceasefire Talks Today In Egypt: Official
The announcement came two days after a ceasefire went into effect between Israel and the Lebanese group Hezbollah, a Hamas ally.
Gaza City:
Hamas representatives will go to Cairo on Saturday for talks on a possible ceasefire in Gaza, an official in the Palestinian militant group told AFP on Friday.
“A Hamas delegation will go to Cairo tomorrow for several meetings with Egyptian officials to discuss ideas for a ceasefire and a prisoner accord in the Gaza Strip,” the official said, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the topic.
The announcement came two days after a ceasefire went into effect between Israel and the Lebanese group Hezbollah, a Hamas ally.
The United States has also announced a new diplomatic effort with Qatar, Turkey and Egypt to reach a Gaza ceasefire and the release of hostages taken during Hamas’s October 7, 2023, attacks on Israel that set off the current fighting.
That attack on Israel resulted in the deaths of 1,207 people, most of them civilians, according to an AFP tally of Israeli official figures.
Israel’s retaliatory military offensive has killed 44,363 people in Gaza, according to figures from the territory’s health ministry, which the United Nations considers reliable.
Some 251 hostages were also taken on October 7, and 97 are believed still in Gaza, including 34 people who the Israeli army says are dead.
The only ceasefire so far, in November 2023, saw the release of about 100 hostages by Hamas and its allies in exchange for 240 Palestinian prisoners held by Israel.
The United States, Qatar and Egypt have led multiple failed efforts since the start of the year to reach a new ceasefire and hostage release.
Encircled by geopolitical risks, Armenia builds a lively tech startup scene
The ex-Soviet state is betting on a growing tech eco-system to drive its economy in a region rife with geopolitical tensions.
Yerevan, Armenia – The rugged mountains of the southern Caucasus are not an obvious location for a thriving tech startup scene.
Situated 7,000 miles from Silicon Valley, landlocked Armenia is buffeted by geopolitical headwinds from all sides.
To the north and south, respectively, lie Russia and Iran, two of the most heavily sanctioned countries on the planet.
To the east and west, it faces Turkiye and Azerbaijan, adversaries whose relations with Yerevan, respectively, are marked by tensions over the 1915-1916 Armenian genocide and armed conflict over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region.
Home to fewer than 3 million people, the ex-Soviet state has an economy that is barely larger than that of poverty-stricken Haiti.
None of that has dampened Armenia’s big ambitions for its tech start-up scene, which is making waves to an extent that belies the country’s diminutive size and difficult circumstances.
The number of IT-focused companies in Armenia more than doubled last year, while the number of employees in the sector increased by 30 percent, according to the Armenian government.
Armenian-founded startups such as Piscart, the creator of a popular photo and video editing app, meanwhile, have found success in Silicon Valley, which founders have in turn used to support offices and jobs back home.
The flow of investment has gone the other way, too, with big-name players such as Nvidia and Adobe in recent years announcing plans to set up operations in the country.
Armenia’s government has been eager to leverage the local scene’s links overseas to boost its profile on the international stage.
Armenia’s government says it is committed to doing what it can to make doing business seamless, including simplifying the process of registering a company to the point that it can now be completed in as little as 15 minutes.
Last month, the Ministry of High-Tech Industry introduced legislation, called the New Law on High-Tech Support, to reduce rates of personal income tax and corporate tax for tech start-ups during their formative years.
The government has also allocated 1.940 billion Armenian dram ($5m) to fund the construction of “Engineering City”, a public-private project that is envisaged to include facilities such as an engineering business accelerator, an advanced research centre, and supercomputing and cybersecurity facilities.
Iceland set for change of government as surging prices dominate election
COPENHAGEN, Nov 30 (Reuters) – Iceland held a snap election on Saturday with voters likely to topple the ruling coalition in their quest to escape a cost of living crisis, although a snowstorm made voting difficult for some and could delay tallying of ballots.
The North Atlantic island nation, home to 384,000 people, has enjoyed relative political stability since 2017 and ranks among the wealthiest countries in Europe per capita, bolstered by tourism, fisheries, and cheap geothermal- and hydroelectric-powered aluminium production.
However, inflation and borrowing costs that are near their highest level since the 2008 financial crisis have helped spark an economic slowdown, propelling growing hardship to the forefront of voters’ concerns.
A series of volcanic eruptions near the capital Reykjavik, causing displacement of thousands of people and costly infrastructure repairs, have also dampened tourism.
Polls opened at 0900 GMT and close at 2200 GMT, with a final result expected on Sunday morning.
However, a snowstorm hit the eastern part of the country on Saturday, which could delay vote counting. Authorities have this week encouraged voters to cast their ballots early.
Opinion polls ahead of the election indicated that the ruling coalition of the Left-Green Movement, the conservative Independence Party, and the centre-right Progressive Party, in power for the last seven years, is likely to be unseated.
Bangladesh freezes bank accounts of arrested ex-ISKON priest Chinmoy Das, 16 others: Report
Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit (BFIU) sent these directives to suspend all transactions related to the 17 bank accounts, including arrested Chinmoy Das.
Bangladesh authorities have ordered the freezing of bank accounts belonging to 17 people connected with the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), including former member Chinmoy Krishna Das, Prothom Alo reported on Friday. Chinmoy Krishna Das was arrested from the Dhaka airport this week on sedition charges.
The action follows the Dhaka high court’s rejection of a petition to ban ISKCON after a lawyer was killed during a clash between the Hindu leader’s supporters and security forces.
The report said the Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit (BFIU) issued the directives to banks and financial institutions on Thursday, suspending transactions on these accounts for 30 days.
The BFIU, part of the Central Bangladesh Bank, instructed banks to provide updated transaction statements for the accounts associated with these individuals, including those related to their businesses, within the next three working days.
Why was Chinmoy Das arrested?
On October 30, a sedition case was filed against 19 individuals, including former ISKCON member Chinmoy Das, at Chattogram’s Kotwali Police Station in Bangladesh. They were accused of disrespecting Bangladesh’s national flag during a Hindu community rally in the New Market area of Chattogram.
Chinmoy Das, who served as a spokesperson for the Bangladesh Sammilita Sanatani Jagran Jote, was arrested on Monday at Dhaka’s Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport on sedition charges. After being denied bail on Tuesday, a Chattogram court sent him to jail, sparking protests from his supporters.
On Tuesday, India expressed concern over his arrest and denial of bail, urging Bangladesh to ensure the safety of Hindus and other minorities. By Friday, India reiterated its concern, stressing that the interim government in Bangladesh must fulfil its responsibility to protect all minorities, especially as extremist rhetoric and violence against Hindus, including attacks on temples, have increased.
External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar told Parliament that India was “deeply concerned” about the violence against minorities in Bangladesh and emphasised that it is the primary duty of the Bangladeshi government to safeguard the rights of all citizens, including minorities.
On Thursday, November 16, a 5.4 magnitude earthquake shook the southeastern part of Korea, injuring 14 and damaging many buildings and roads. Arguably, a bigger shock was the government’s decision to postpone the Suneung, South Korea’s critical college entrance exam, by one week in response to the natural disaster.
Every November, hundreds of thousands of high school seniors sit down to take the eight-hour-long College Scholastic Ability Test, an exam that many students have been preparing for since kindergarten. A team of professors and high school teachers from across the country creates the exam in a secret location, often in a sparsely populated, mountainous region of Korea. The test creators must surrender their cell phones and are effectively cut off from the outside world as they cannot contact their friends or family for the month they are in isolation for fear of them leaking test questions. The subjects they write questions for include math, history, science, Korean language, and English.
The Suneung is the culmination of an entire academic career for a student in Korea. Especially in high school, students’ lives revolve around this test with most students arriving at school at 7am and not getting home until well past midnight. A typical day consists of around 10 hours of school, a quick dinner break, and the rest of the evening spent in study halls, cram schools, or libraries. For students, the exam can be a golden ticket to study at one of the country’s top universities and a future job in the government, the banking industry, or at a large industrial conglomerate.
On the day of the exam, stock markets, public offices, and many other businesses all open an hour later to keep traffic off the roads. As students walk to the exam centers on the morning of the test, well-wishers handed out yeot, a type of sticky candy that is eaten in the hope of good luck. Despite regular classes being cancelled, other students still turn out to cheer on the test takers and Korean celebrities record encouraging messages and post them on the internet. For students running late, local police officers escort them to the test centers for free. Even protesters will often suspend their demonstrations for the day. The army halts aviation exercises, and the taking off and landing of planes at Korean airports is banned during the English listening test. Many students’ parents pray at churches and temples and some even wait, pacing outside the school gates, while their children endure the eight-hour test.
Mysterious interstellar tunnel connects the Solar System with the constellation Centauri
Astronomers have discovered an “interstellar tunnel” near the Solar System, which can connect our zone with other star systems. According to a study in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, this tunnel is part of a large hot gas structure known as the Local Hot Bubble, with a radius of hundreds of light-years. Scientists suggest that this LHB may be connected with another, even larger bubble.
The idea of the existence of a Local Hot Bubble dates back more than half a century, when astronomers tried to explain the source of background X-ray radiation that should have been absorbed by the interstellar medium – the diffuse matter from which stars form. However, if there was a cavity in our zone of interstellar space, it would explain why X-rays can reach us. According to scientists, this “bubble” appeared about 14 million years ago due to a series of supernova explosions that blew away interstellar material and created a cavity with a diameter of 1000 light years. According to the researchers, the remnants of these supernovae can still be observed today.
Two versions of eRosita All-Sky Survey Catalogue (eRASS1) data (Right) the X-ray sky over earth (right) X-ray sources. Image credit: MPE, J. Sanders für das eROSITA-Konsortium
Although the Local Hot Bubble hypothesis has long had conflicting data, modern observations, particularly of young stars at its boundary, support its existence. According to the researchers, the interstellar tunnel may be part of a large-scale network of such cavities located in the Milky Way and created as a result of supernova explosions.
ZURICH, Nov 6 (Reuters) – A contentious Swiss prohibition on facial coverings in public spaces widely known as the “burqa ban” will take effect on Jan. 1, the government said on Wednesday.
Narrowly passed in a 2021 referendum in neutral Switzerland, and condemned by Muslim associations, the measure was launched by the same group that organised a 2009 ban on new minarets.
The governing Federal Council said in a statement it had fixed the start of the ban, and that anyone who unlawfully flouts it faces a fine of up to 1,000 Swiss francs ($1,144).
Piles of “Yes” ballots sit on a table at the district election office Stadtkreis 3 on the day of a Swiss referendum on banning burqas and other facial coverings, in Zurich, Switzerland March 7, 2021
The ban does not apply to planes or in diplomatic and consular premises, and faces may also be covered in places of worship and other sacred sites, the government said.
Facial coverings will remain permitted for reasons relating to health and safety, for native customs, or due to weather conditions, it said. They would also be allowed on artistic and entertainment grounds and for advertising, it added.
If such coverings are needed for personal protection in exercising freedom of expression and assembly, they should be permitted provided the responsible authority has already approved them and public order is not compromised, it said.
Social media ‘duty of care’ laws would force online giants to take preventative action on mental health harms
Social media companies would be required to take proactive steps to keep Australians safe online under a federal government plan to legislate a “Digital Duty of Care”.
It marks the latest move by the Albanese government to put responsibility on the shoulders of the social giants to ensure users, particularly children, are safe on their platforms.
The Digital Duty of Care was recommended in the yet-to-be released independent review of the Online Safety Act, handed to government last month.
It follows similar moves by the United Kingdom and European Union and would require platforms to shift from reacting to harm towards taking reasonable steps to prevent foreseeable harms.
Communications Minister Michelle Rowland said the obligations would build on existing complaint and removal schemes under the act.
“What’s required is a shift away from reacting to harms by relying on content regulation alone, and moving towards systems-based prevention, accompanied by a broadening of our perspective of what online harms are,” she said.
MIT engineers make converting CO2 into useful products more practical
A new electrode design boosts the efficiency of electrochemical reactions that turn carbon dioxide into ethylene and other products.
As the world struggles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, researchers are seeking practical, economical ways to capture carbon dioxide and convert it into useful products, such as transportation fuels, chemical feedstocks, or even building materials. But so far, such attempts have struggled to reach economic viability.
New research by engineers at MIT could lead to rapid improvements in a variety of electrochemical systems that are under development to convert carbon dioxide into a valuable commodity. The team developed a new design for the electrodes used in these systems, which increases the efficiency of the conversion process.
The findings are reported today in the journal Nature Communications, in a paper by MIT doctoral student Simon Rufer, professor of mechanical engineering Kripa Varanasi, and three others.
“The CO2 problem is a big challenge for our times, and we are using all kinds of levers to solve and address this problem,” Varanasi says. It will be essential to find practical ways of removing the gas, he says, either from sources such as power plant emissions, or straight out of the air or the oceans. But then, once the CO2 has been removed, it has to go somewhere.
A wide variety of systems have been developed for converting that captured gas into a useful chemical product, Varanasi says. “It’s not that we can’t do it — we can do it. But the question is how can we make this efficient? How can we make this cost-effective?”
In the new study, the team focused on the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to ethylene, a widely used chemical that can be made into a variety of plastics as well as fuels, and which today is made from petroleum. But the approach they developed could also be applied to producing other high-value chemical products as well, including methane, methanol, carbon monoxide, and others, the researchers say.
Currently, ethylene sells for about $1,000 per ton, so the goal is to be able to meet or beat that price. The electrochemical process that converts CO2 into ethylene involves a water-based solution and a catalyst material, which come into contact along with an electric current in a device called a gas diffusion electrode.
There are two competing characteristics of the gas diffusion electrode materials that affect their performance: They must be good electrical conductors so that the current that drives the process doesn’t get wasted through resistance heating, but they must also be “hydrophobic,” or water repelling, so the water-based electrolyte solution doesn’t leak through and interfere with the reactions taking place at the electrode surface.
Unfortunately, it’s a tradeoff. Improving the conductivity reduces the hydrophobicity, and vice versa. Varanasi and his team set out to see if they could find a way around that conflict, and after many months of work, they did just that.
The solution, devised by Rufer and Varanasi, is elegant in its simplicity. They used a plastic material, PTFE (essentially Teflon), that has been known to have good hydrophobic properties. However, PTFE’s lack of conductivity means that electrons must travel through a very thin catalyst layer, leading to significant voltage drop with distance. To overcome this limitation, the researchers wove a series of conductive copper wires through the very thin sheet of the PTFE.
“This work really addressed this challenge, as we can now get both conductivity and hydrophobicity,” Varanasi says.
It’s possible there has never been a worse time for the United Nations to hold negotiations on climate change. Post-pandemic inflation has upended countries around the world, straining public budgets and distracting governments from climate action. Conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East continue to rage, scrambling the priorities of powerful countries like Russia, Iran, and those of the European Union. To top it all off, the United States just elected former President Donald Trump, who has called climate change a “hoax” and removed the U.S. from the 2015 Paris climate agreement during his first term in office.
Nevertheless, in a few days thousands of negotiators and activists will convene in Baku, Azerbaijan, to try to make progress on the global climate fight. This year’s conference, known as COP29, is widely acknowledged as a transitional affair without the marquee significance of the 2015 Paris talks — or even last year’s summit in Dubai, which saw the world’s nations finally agree to move away from fossil fuels. Still, next week negotiators plan to hash out key issues that could determine both how the world mitigates carbon emissions and also how it addresses the mounting toll of climate disasters in developing countries.
Here’s what to look out for:
A new goal for international climate aid
The top-line agenda item at COP29 is the so-called “new collective quantified goal,” a target stipulating how much climate aid money wealthy countries should send to poorer countries. This funding is supposed to help developing nations transition to renewable energy and adapt to climate effects like droughts and sea level rise.
Picking up slack from the U.S.
The first few days of every COP feature a parade of announcements from world leaders and their senior ministers, who take the stage to tout — and quantify — their country’s commitment to the climate fight. This year’s round of announcements will feature an elephant in the room: The United States, which is the world’s largest economy and its largest historic emitter, is likely to formally pull out of the international climate fight as soon as Trump takes office next year.
Coordinating the global energy transition
The big news out of last year’s COP28 was the “U.A.E. consensus” document, an agreement in which all the world’s major economies, including the United States and petrostates like Saudi Arabia, pledged to move away from fossil fuels. Language calling for “transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems, in a just, orderly and equitable manner,” was painstakingly crafted, but now it has to be put into practice.
Hashing out climate reparations
Two years ago, longtime wealthy nations vowed to provide what amounts to reparations for their role causing climate change. Because these early-industrializing nations have emitted the most greenhouse gasses historically, the argument goes, they should send money to poor countries to help them recover from climate-fueled disasters that the latter did little to cause. This commitment was the realization of a demand that small island states and developing countries in Africa had been seeking for years.
Squabbling over carbon markets
One of the major ways that large companies claim progress toward their emissions reduction targets is through what’s known as the voluntary carbon market. It works like this: When climate pollution is too difficult or expensive to directly abate, a company can simply buy credits representing prevented or sequestered emissions elsewhere (say, through an afforestation project that promises to keep carbon locked up in the trunks of newly-planted trees). Now, the United Nations is trying to create its own carbon market — but for countries, not companies.
Protesters call on Valencia governor to resign after deadly floods
About 130,000 Spaniards protest against perceived failings by Carlos Mazón’s regional government
Spaniards have taken to the streets of Valencia to demand the resignation of the regional president who led the emergency response to the recent catastrophic floods that killed more than 200 people.
Floods that began on the night of 29 October have left 220 dead and nearly 80 people still missing.
Residents are protesting over the way the incident was handled, with regional leader Carlos Mazón under immense pressure after his administration failed to issue alerts to citizens’ mobile phones until hours after the flooding started.
The Valencian government has been criticised for not adequately preparing despite the State Meteorological Agency warning five days before the floods that there could be an unprecedented rainstorm. Tens of thousands of people made their dismay known by marching in the city on Saturday. The official attendance was estimated to be about 130,000.
Some protesters clashed with riot police in front of Valencia’s city hall at the start of their march to the seat of the regional government, with police using batons to push them back.
Many marchers held up homemade signs or chanted “Mazón resign” Others carried signs with messages such as “You killed us”. One banner read: “Our hands are stained with mud, yours with blood.”
Thousands of UK farmers descend on Parliament to protest against inheritance tax hike
Thousands of UK farmers have gathered outside Parliament to protest against the government’s decision to increase inheritance tax in its latest budget.
The decision would see the end to a tax break dating from the 1990s that exempts agricultural property from the levy.
This means that from April 2026, farms worth more than £1 million (€1,197 million) will face a 20% tax when the owner dies and they are passed on to the next generation.
British farmers say such a hike will deal a ‘hammer blow’ to family farms which are already struggling from the impact of climate change, global instability, and the upheaval caused by Brexit.
Children on toy tractors looped round Parliament Square after a rally addressed by speakers including TV host and celebrity farmer Jeremy Clarkson. Another 1,800 farmers were invited into Parliament for a ‘mass lobby’ organised by the National Farmers’ Union.
“The human impact of this policy is simply not acceptable, it’s wrong,” NFU President Tom Bradshaw said. “It’s kicking the legs out from under British food security.”
The last decade has been turbulent for farmers. Many British farmers backed Brexit as a chance to get out of the EU’s complex and much-criticised Common Agricultural Policy. Since then, the UK has brought in changes such as paying farmers to restore nature and promote biodiversity, as well as for producing food.
But many feel they were let down by previous Conservative governments as well as Starmer’s Labour administration, with delays caused by bureaucratic issues and a lack of subsidies to keep up with inflation and new trade deals with countries including Australia and New Zealand that have opened the door to cheap imports.
Many feel the Labour Party government’s tax change, part of an effort to raise billions of pounds to fund public services, is the last straw.
“Four out of the last five years, we’ve lost money,” said Harrison, a fifth-generation farmer who grows cereal crops near Liverpool in northwest England. “The only thing that’s kept me going is doing it for my kids. And maybe a little bit of appreciation on the land allows you to keep borrowing, to keep going. But now that’s just disappeared overnight.”
Starmer’s centre-left government says the “vast majority” of farms – about 75% – will not have to pay inheritance tax, and various loopholes mean that a farming couple can pass on an estate worth up to £3 million (€3,591 million) to their children tax-free. The 20% levy is half the 40% inheritance tax paid on other land and property in the UK.
Situation in the State of Palestine: ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I rejects the State of Israel’s challenges to jurisdiction and issues warrants of arrest for Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant
Today, on 21 November 2024, Pre-Trial Chamber I of the International Criminal Court (‘Court’), in its composition for the Situation in the State of Palestine,unanimously issued two decisions rejecting challenges by the State of Israel (‘Israel’) brought under articles 18 and 19 of the Rome Statute (the ‘Statute’). It also issued warrants of arrest for Mr Benjamin Netanyahu and Mr Yoav Gallant.
Decisions on requests by the State of Israel
The Chamber ruled on two requests submitted by the Israel on 26 September 2024. In the first request, Israel challenged the Court’s jurisdiction over the Situation in the State of Palestine in general, and over Israeli nationals more specifically, on the basis of article 19(2) of the Statute. In the second request, Israel requested that the Chamber order the Prosecution to provide a new notification of the initiation of an investigation to its authorities under article 18(1) of the Statute. Israel also requested the Chamber to halt any proceedings before the Court in the relevant situation, including the consideration of the applications for warrants of arrest for Mr Benjamin Netanyahu and Mr Yoav Gallant, submitted by the Prosecution on 20 May 2024.
As to the first challenge, the Chamber noted that the acceptance by Israel of the Court’s jurisdiction is not required, as the Court can exercise its jurisdiction on the basis of territorial jurisdiction of Palestine, as determined by Pre-Trial Chamber I in a previous composition. Furthermore, the Chamber considered that pursuant to article 19(1) of the Statute, States are not entitled to challenge the Court’s jurisdiction under article 19(2) prior to the issuance of a warrant of arrest. Thus Israel’s challenge is premature. This is without prejudice to any future possible challenges to the Court’s jurisdiction and/or admissibility of any particular case.
Warrants of arrest
The Chamber issued warrants of arrest for two individuals, Mr Benjamin Netanyahu and Mr Yoav Gallant, for crimes against humanity and war crimes committed from at least 8 October 2023 until at least 20 May 2024, the day the Prosecution filed the applications for warrants of arrest.
The arrest warrants are classified as ‘secret’, in order to protect witnesses and to safeguard the conduct of the investigations. However, the Chamber decided to release the information below since conduct similar to that addressed in the warrant of arrest appears to be ongoing. Moreover, the Chamber considers it to be in the interest of victims and their families that they are made aware of the warrants’ existence.
There is still another sentiment which is more expanded than geo-sentiment – it is socio-sentiment. Socio-sentiment does not confine people to a particular territory, but instead pervades a particular social group. That is, instead of thinking about the welfare of a particular geographical area, people think about the well-being of a group, even to the exclusion of all other groups. And in the process, while they concern themselves with the interest of a particular group, they do not hesitate to violate the interests and natural growth of other groups. Perhaps this socio-sentiment is a bit better than geo-sentiment, but it is not altogether ideal; it is not free from defects.
The Liberation of Intellect: Neohumanism
THE END
November 9, 2024
Children
The government plans to ban under-16s from social media platforms. Here’s what we know so far
The federal government has taken a big step towards realising its ambitious plan to get children and young teenagers off social media.
After first announcing its intention to introduce legislation to set a minimum age for social media back in September, but staying quiet on what that minimum age would be, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese on Thursday announced he had settled on 16: the same age the Coalition has previously said it would support.
With both major parties in broad agreement and two sitting weeks left in this term, it seems likely the government will be able to achieve its aim of passing the legislation before the end of the year.
Who will the ban cover?
Australian children and teenagers under the age of 16, even if they already have a social media account.
The ban will also theoretically cover younger teenagers who have parental consent, although the government has said individuals won’t be punished if they don’t comply.
What platforms will it apply to?
The ban might apply to more platforms than you think because the law’s definition of social media is very broad.
Obvious ones like Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, Snapchat and X would all be captured, and Communications Minister Michelle Rowland said on Thursday that “YouTube would likely fall within that definition as well”.
The definition may also capture gaming platforms such as Roblox and chat platforms such as Reddit or Discord, plus many smaller players.
After Trump’s win, many despondent Americans research moving abroad
As U.S. election exit polls began to point to a second presidency for Donald Trump, many Americans were already looking for another kind of exit: moving abroad.
Google searches for “move to Canada” surged 1,270% in the 24 hours after U.S. East Coast polls closed on Tuesday, company data shows. Similar searches about moving to New Zealand climbed nearly 2,000% while those for Australia jumped 820%.
The sudden enthusiasm for emigration echoes the interest in moving abroad seen after Trump’s 2016 victory. This time, however, the Republican’s re-election has followed a particularly divisive campaign in which nearly three-quarters of U.S. voters said they felt American democracy was under threat, according to Edison Research exit polls.
Many Americans are also worried that his presidency could drive a bigger wedge between Democrats and Republicans on issues such as race, gender, what and how children are taught, and reproductive rights.
But why are they looking to move?
For many who are considering leaving America, a second Trump presidency is the main cause. They are scared of the sweeping changes the Republican plans to bring into the US once he takes charge of the Oval Office.
Many women who are thinking of moving fear that a Trump presidency would rob them of their reproductive rights. Anti-immigration and anti-LGBTQ sentiments, fuelled by Trump rhetoric are also expected to rise, which is why people are mulling a move out of the US.
Campbell’s and Kind receive USDA support to advance regenerative agriculture for key ingredients
The soup giant secured $3.4 million in funding for tomato growers in California and Kind Snacks announced milestones for sustainable almond farming.
Campbell Soup Company and Kind Snacks announced projects that would advance regenerative agriculture practices for key ingredients with financial support from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Campbell’s received $3.4 million through USDA’s Regional Conservation Partnership Program to increase adoption of sustainable practices and reduce water consumption among tomato growers in California. Separately, Kind, a subsidiary of Mars Inc., said it will unlock more than $300,000 for regenerative agriculture in almonds through USDA’s Partnership for Climate-Smart Commodities Program.
“As farmers face increasing challenges from climate change, it is important that we support further adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices that improve soil health and enhance resilience,” Campbell’s Chief Sustainability Officer Stewart Lindsay said in a statement.
More major food companies are relying on the USDA and a collaborative network of nonprofits and suppliers as they make a herculean push to transform their supply chains in order to meet company sustainability goals. The Campbell’s project will be implemented alongside partners including USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service and the American Farmland Trust.
“We salute the involvement of food companies that understand the importance of keeping these food ingredients sustainable and available for the future,” Tom Stein, California Regional Director at American Farmland Trust, said in a statement.
Kind’s project is part of Wolfe’s Neck Center for Agriculture and the Environment’s regenerative services match program. The snacking company will leverage the sustainable farming institution’s expertise to provide growers with financial and technical incentives, as well as verification tools.
EPA urged to ban weedkiller linked to Parkinson’s disease
U.S. lawmakers are calling for the agency to prohibit the toxic herbicide, which has grown in use over the past few years.
More than 50 U.S. lawmakers are urging the Environmental Protection Agency to ban the use of a weedkiller linked to Parkinson’s disease and other health risks to humans.
In an Oct. 31 letter to the agency, seven U.S. senators said that paraquat, a chemical commonly used on farms across the country to protect row crops, fruits and vegetables, is a “highly toxic pesticide whose continued use cannot be justified given its harms to farmworkers and rural communities.”
The call for a nationwide ban came after 47 U.S. Representatives sent a similar letter to the EPA earlier in October. According to findings from a recent study, paraquat could more than double a person’s odds of developing Parkinson’s if sprayed more than 500 meters from where people live and work.
Paraquat is a highly toxic chemical that has been linked to Parkinson’s disease, thyroid cancer, and other health issues including kidney, liver, and respiratory damage. Although less widely used than its more popular alternative glyphosate — the main ingredient in Bayer’s Roundup — the herbicide has grown in use among farmers in recent years.According to the U.S. Geological Survey data, farmers applied more than 15 million pounds of Paraquat to their acreage in 2018. That is more than triple the amount used in 1992.“We urge you to protect the health of farmworkers and rural residents by banning paraquat,” the senators said in their letter to the EPA. The chemical is banned in more than 70 countries, including China, Brazil and members of the European Union.Paraquat is often used to clear fields before planting, but the chemical can stay in the soil for years before breaking down, according to a study cited in an Oct. 8 letter signed by a group of U.S. Representatives. It is also susceptible to spray drift and has been shown to disproportionately affect farm workers in largely Latino counties in California.
The index’s October reading was the highest since March 2022, which was the index’s peak and 20.5% higher than the latest figure, according to the release.
Four of the five categories of food commodities included in the index rose in October, per the release.
Vegetable oil prices jumped 7.3% and hit a two-year high, driven by concerns about production.
Sugar prices rose 2.6% due to extended dry weather conditions in Brazil and a shift of more sugarcane toward ethanol production amid rising crude oil prices.
Dairy prices were up 1.9% because of increases in international cheese and butter prices.
Cereal prices increased 0.9% due to unfavorable weather conditions impacting the price of wheat and transport challenges in Brazil affecting the price of maize.
The one category that saw prices decline in October was meat, the release said, adding that weak demand for pig meat was the primary reason for the 0.3% price drop.
The University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers found that consumer sentiment inched down in early October amid continued frustration over the pricesof goods and services.
Foodand shelter, among the most essential of all spending categories, are taking an outsized chunk of households’ paychecks — especially for lower-income consumers, PYMNTS reported in September.
At that time, spending on food accounted for nearly 13% of consumer expenditures, a figure that was 6.9% higher than it was in 2023. Food consumed at home (a proxy for groceries) was 6.1% higher, while food consumed away from home was up 8.1%.
Reason
1. Weather and Crop Issues: Excessive rain in Canada and Europe affected wheat supplies, while low water levels in Brazil and the U.S. hindered maize transportation. Sugar prices spiked due to poor crop forecasts in Brazil and India’s shift to using sugarcane for ethanol production.
2. Supply Chain Disruptions: Weather-related transport issues and production slowdowns for oils in Southeast Asia and the U.S. added pressure, raising prices for commodities like palm and soy oils.3. Increased Global Demand: Strong import demand for poultry and other meats also added to rising prices across various food sectors.
Google fined $20 decillion — more than world’s total wealth — by Russian court
U.S. tech giant Google has closed up shop in Russia, but that hasn’t stopped a court there from leveling it with a fine greater than all the wealth in the world — a figure that is growing every day.
The fine, imposed after certain channels were blocked on YouTube, which Google owns, has reached more than 2 undecillion rubles, Russian business newspaper RBC reported this week. That’s about $20 decillion — a two followed by 34 zeros.
The fine is significantly more money than the combined total global net wealth of $477 trillion, according to Boston Consulting Group, and the worldwide gross domestic product last year of about $105 trillion, according to the World Bank.
Google’s parent company, Alphabet — one of the five most valuable companies in the world — is valued at about $2 trillion. The fine is about 10 billion trillion times the company’s value.
Dmitry Peskov, the press secretary for Russian President Vladimir Putin, told reporters Thursday thatthe figure was symbolic and should be a reason for Google to pay attention to the Moscow Arbitration Court’s order to restore access to the YouTube channels.
The sum grew so large because the fine increases with time in noncompliance, with no upper limit. The order was made after 17 blocked channels joined a lawsuit against Google’s American, Irish and Russia-based companies, according to RBC. The lawsuit predates Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and was initiated in 2020 by a channel that YouTube blocked to comply with U.S. sanctions.
World’s first wooden satellite, developed in Japan, heads to space
Named after the Latin word for “wood,” the palm-sized LignoSat is tasked with demonstrating the renewable material’s potential in lunar and Mars exploration.
KYOTO, Japan — The world’s first wooden satellite, built by Japanese researchers, was launched into space Tuesday in an early test of using timber in lunar and Mars exploration.
LignoSat, developed by Kyoto University and homebuilder Sumitomo Forestry, will be flown to the International Space Station on a SpaceX mission and later released into orbit about 250 miles above the Earth.
Named after the Latin word for “wood,” the palm-sized LignoSat is tasked with demonstrating the cosmic potential of renewable material as humans explore living in space.
“With timber, a material we can produce by ourselves, we will be able to build houses, live and work in space forever,” said Takao Doi, an astronaut who has flown on the Space Shuttle and studies human space activities at Kyoto University.
With a 50-year plan of planting trees and building timber houses on the moon and Mars, Doi’s team decided to develop a NASA-certified wooden satellite to prove that wood is a space-grade material.
Wood is more durable in space than on Earth because there’s no water or oxygen that would rot or inflame it, Murata added.
After a 10-month experiment aboard the International Space Station, the researchers found that hinoki, a kind of magnolia tree native to Japan and traditionally used for sword sheaths, is best suited for spacecraft.
LignoSat is made of hinoki, using a traditional Japanese crafts technique without screws or glue.
Once deployed, LignoSat will stay in orbit for six months, with the electronic components onboard measuring how wood endures the extreme environment of space, where temperatures fluctuate from -100 to 100 degrees Celsius every 45 minutes as it orbits from darkness to sunlight.
LignoSat will also gauge wood’s ability to reduce the impact of space radiation on semiconductors, making it useful for applications such as data center construction, said Kenji Kariya, a manager at Sumitomo Forestry Tsukuba Research Institute.
“It may seem outdated, but wood is actually cutting-edge technology as civilization heads to the moon and Mars,” he said. “Expansion to space could invigorate the timber industry.”
Saudi Arabia discovers bronze age village in Khaybar Oasis
The Saudi Royal Commission for AlUla province has announced the discovery of an ancient Bronze Age village in Khaybar Oasis, located in northwestern Saudi Arabia.
Researchers, speaking at a press conference held at the Saudi Press Agency’s conference center in Riyadh, revealed that the village, known as “Al-Nata,” showcases evidence of advanced urban planning with distinct residential and funerary areas.
Dating back to between 2400 and 1300 BCE, Al-Nata is believed to have been home to around 500 inhabitants and spans 2.6 hectares. The site is encircled by a 15-kilometer stone wall that protected the oasis.
Situated at the meeting point of three valleys on the edge of the volcanic field of Harrat Khaybar, the village remained hidden under layers of basalt rock in the northern part of the oasis for millennia.
Researchers note that this find marks a significant societal transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled urban life in the region during the late third millennium BCE.
This insight challenges previous notions that nomadic and pastoral lifestyles dominated northwestern Arabia during this period. Further evidence points to walled oases connected to fortified cities like Tayma, indicating a flourishing urban network at the time.
The Israeli prime minister faces a dilemma that Yoav Gallant’s departure won’t solve.
On Tuesday evening, a political earthquake shook Israel: In the midst of war, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu dismissed his defense minister, Yoav Gallant.
The quake was inevitable, even if the timing was not. The coalition that keeps Netanyahu in power is built astride a political fault line. On one side are the ultra-Orthodox parties that have served as reliable partners for Netanyahu’s Likud party for decades. Their quid pro quo is government funding for their self-segregated community—and exemption from the military draft, on the grounds that young ultra-Orthodox men devote themselves to religious studies. The exemption, in their eyes, is essential for maintaining their separation from mainstream Israeli society.
On the other side of the fault line are two extreme right-wing parties, and at least part of Likud itself. This wing of the coalition sees the war as an opportunity to resume Israeli rule of Gaza and even Israeli settlement there. Pressure from this direction is at least one reason the war continues, with no end in sight. The policy translates into longer army service for draftees, extended stints of reserve duty for large numbers of Israelis, and photos of fallen soldiers leading the national news on a daily basis.
In June, Israel’s supreme court ruled unanimously that with the expiration of a previous draft law, no legal basis existed for continuing to exempt ultra-Orthodox men. The ultra-Orthodox parties are demanding a new law that would largely preserve the exemption. Satisfying that demand while continuing the war has produced rising public fury. Ignoring the demand could, in theory, break up the coalition and cause the government to fall.
Gallant has been the most prominent coalition politician to oppose a new law in the form that the ultra-Orthodox seek. On Monday, he approved an army plan to send draft notices to thousands of ultra-Orthodox men. The next day, Netanyahu fired him.
The formation of a World Government will require a world constitution. A charter of principles or bill of rights should be included in such a constitution and encompass at least the following four areas. First, complete security should be guaranteed to all the plants and animals on the planet. Secondly, each country must guarantee purchasing power to all its citizens. Thirdly, the constitution should guarantee four fundamental rights – spiritual practice or Dharma; cultural legacy; education; and indigenous linguistic expression. Fourthly, if the practice of any of these rights conflicts with cardinal human values then that practice should be immediately curtailed. That is, cardinal human values must take precedence over all other rights. All the constitutions of the world suffer from numerous defects. The above points may be adopted by the framers of different constitutions to overcome these defects.
Shri P R Sarkar
Requirements of an Ideal Constitution 22 September 1986, Calcutta
THE END
November 2, 2024
Environment
Disposable vapes to be banned in England next June, says Labour
Move is designed to combat environmental damage from single-use vapes and their widespread use by children
Move is designed to combat environmental damage from single-use vapes and their widespread use by children
The sale of single-use disposable vapes will be banned in England and Wales from June next year, the government has confirmed.
The government said it had worked closely with the devolved nations and they would “align coming into force dates” on bans, with Wales already confirming it will follow suit.
Vaping industry leaders have warned the move could fuel a rise in illegal sales of the products.
The Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (Defra) said vape usage in England had grown by more than 400% between 2012 and 2023, with 9% of the British public now buying and using the products.
It is illegal to sell any vape to anyone under 18, but disposable vapes – often sold in smaller, more colourful packaging than refillable ones – are a “key driver behind the alarming rise in youth vaping”, the previous government said when it first set out its plan.
Public health minister Andrew Gwynne said banning disposables would “reduce the appeal of vapes to children and keep them out of the hands of vulnerable young people”.
Vaping is substantially less harmful than smoking, but it has not been around for long enough for its long-term risks to be known, according to the NHS.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd7n3zyp114o
Economy
Taiwan wants to join the IMF to get financial protection from China
Taiwan, a major economy the size of Poland but absent from global organizations, is making a longshot push to join the International Monetary Fund, the 190-country organization that offers members emergency loans and other financial assistance.
“Taiwan’s membership at the IMF would help boost financial resilience,” the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Washington said during this week’s IMF and World Bank annual meetings. The office serves as Taiwan’s de facto embassy in the U.S.
The push is part of a wider effort to boost the self-governed island’s global status. Taiwan also is seeking to participate in the U.N. World Health Organization’s annual World Health Assembly and join Interpol. The U.S. and its allies are Taiwan’s supporters.
But China, which sees Taiwan as a breakaway province and threatens to annex it by force, has blocked such efforts and insists it represent Taiwan in international forums. The island is now designated as “Taiwan Province of China” in IMF literature.
In 2020, then-President Donald Trump signed legislation making it U.S. policy to advocate for Taiwan’s membership or observer status in international organizations such as the IMF.
Transforming Agricultural Waste into Green Hydrogen
The combination of solar energy and organic waste could make it possible to produce green hydrogen at a very low cost, according to a study by the University of Illinois at Chicago.
Green hydrogen is emerging as a key complement to solar and wind energy on the path to global sustainability. Its benefits are numerous: it serves as an effective energy storage solution, can be used in vehicles like airplanes without the weight burden of batteries, and can power heating systems or industrial processes without emitting greenhouse gases.
The critical factor for green hydrogen to surpass fossil fuels lies in its production—achieving hydrogen in a clean and efficient manner. The University of Illinois Chicago has recently unveiled a groundbreaking technique for generating it from agricultural or livestock biomass.
How green hydrogen is produced
To start, a brief overview: green hydrogen is produced from renewable energies like wind or solar. Since hydrogen is not typically found in its pure form in nature, it needs to be extracted from compounds such as water. This extraction process, commonly performed through electrolysis, requires energy, which is where renewable sources come into play. If fossil fuels were used instead, it would result in gray hydrogen.
Green hydrogen from solar energy and biomass
The innovation from engineers at the University of Illinois Chicago introduces a method to produce green hydrogen from water using only solar energy and agricultural waste. This technique is remarkable for its energy efficiency, reducing the energy required by 600%. The process involves a solution of agricultural and livestock waste in sulfuric acid as biochar, significantly lowering the electricity needed to produce hydrogen.
So, what is biochar? It is a carbon-rich compound produced through the pyrolysis of biomass in the absence of oxygen. Biochar can sequester carbon in a stable form for many decades, preventing its release as CO2 and improving soil fertility.
In the recent research, adding a biochar solution to the anode during green hydrogen electrolysis reduced the electrical power needs. Experiments show that the most efficient biochar comes from cow manure, reducing the energy required for one unit of hydrogen to one-sixth.
Thus, a single 15-milliampere photovoltaic cell and a current of 0.5 volts—less than the power of an AA battery—were enough to produce green hydrogen. The carbon in the biochar solution reacts with the O2 produced in electrolysis to generate CO2, which can be captured and reused in other industrial processes, such as fertilizer production, as mentioned in this article.
According to the researchers, the high efficiency of the process, achieving a 35% conversion of solar energy into hydrogen, could offer a cheaper and more sustainable alternative to current green hydrogen production methods, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Self-sufficient farms
One of the most intriguing prospects suggested by the researchers is a future where farms can combine energy from photovoltaic panels with plant or animal waste to generate green hydrogen, achieving energy self-sufficiency.
A hydrogen fuel cell offers high efficiency in powering machinery and complements other energy sources like solar or wind, regardless of weather or daylight hours. Moreover, the method developed by the University of Illinois Chicago isn’t limited to hydrogen production but can also generate other valuable products from agricultural waste.
29 Nigerian children may be sentenced to death for protesting against cost-of-living crisis
Twenty-nine minors in Nigeria could be facing the death penalty
ABUJA, Nigeria — Twenty-nine children could be facing the death penalty in Nigeria after they were arraigned Friday for participating in a protest against the country’s record cost-of-living crisis. Four of them collapsed in court due to exhaustion before they could enter a plea.
A total of 76 protesters were charged with 10 felony counts, including treason, destruction of property, public disturbance and mutiny, according to the charge sheet seen by The Associated Press.
According to the charge sheet, the minors ranged in age from 14 to 17 years old.
Frustration over the cost-of-living crisis has led to several mass protests in recent months. In August, at least 20 people were shot dead and hundreds more were arrested at a protest demanding better opportunities and jobs for young people.
The death sentence was introduced in the 1970s in Nigeria, but there have been no executions in the country since 2016.
Akintayo Balogun, a private lawyer based in Abuja, said the Child Rights Act does not allow any child to be subject to criminal proceedings and sentenced to death.
“So taking minors before a federal high court is wrong, ab initio, except if the government is able to prove that the boys are all above 19 years,” Balogun said.
The court eventually granted 10 million naira ($5,900) bail to each the defendants and imposed stringent conditions they are yet to meet, Marshal Abubakar, counsel to some of the boys, said.
“A country that has a duty to educate its children will decide to punish those children. These children have been in detention for 90 days without food,” Abubakar said.
Yemi Adamolekun, executive director of Enough is Enough, a civil society organization promoting good governance in Nigeria, said authorities have no business prosecuting children.
The United Nations committee on the elimination of discrimination against women said hundreds of thousands of people had been affected. The 23-member committee issued its finding after reviewing a joint complaint filed by five victims who were forcibly sterilised between 1996 and 1997. “The victims claimed that the forced sterilisations they underwent had severe and permanent consequences for their physical and mental health,” it said in a statement.
Botswana president concedes defeat in election after party’s six-decade rule
Results show Mokgweetsi Masisi’s Botswana Democratic party on track to lose by landslide
Botswana’s president, Mokgweetsi Masisi, has conceded defeat in Wednesday’s elections, which his Botswana Democratic party lost by a landslide after nearly six decades in power.
With almost all constituencies counted, the opposition coalition Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC) had secured a parliamentary majority, with its leader, the lawyer Duma Boko, on track to become the southern African country’s next president.
Soaring unemployment has hit young people especially hard, fuelling a backlash at the ballot box against the BDP, which has ruled the country of 2.5 million people since it became independent from Britain in 1966. The election result is also part of a wider wave of popular discontent that has swelled across the continent, amid a lack of good jobs for growing youthful populations.
State television later showed that out of 55 of the 61 constituencies that had reported results, the UDC had won 32 seats, while the BDP was in last place out of four parties with just four seats. MPs will now elect the president.
Boko, who had pledged to raise the minimum wage and increase social grants, told the local news outlet Mmegi: “It shocked me, the numbers … I’m humbled.”
Botswana is the world’s second-largest diamond producer,. Income from the gems is credited with helping the country to be one of the region’s most stable and wealthy states.
Nevertheless, a global slump in demand for diamonds has led to a sharp economic contraction: the IMF predicts economic growth of 1% this year, down from 2.7% in 2023 and 5.5% in 2022. Unemployment has risen to 28%, while more than a third of 15- to 35-year-olds are out of work.
“The result was unexpected,” said Zoë McCathie, an analyst at Signal Risk. “Economic conditions in the country at the moment, specifically unemployment levels, have been a big factor.”
North Korea says will stand by Russia until ‘victory’ in Ukraine
North Korean Foreign Minister Choe Son Hui was in Moscow as the West says thousands of North Korean troops are in Russia and will possibly be used in Ukraine
North Korean Foreign Minister Choe Son Hui was in Moscow as the West says thousands of North Korean troops are in Russia and will possibly be used in Ukraine
North Korea will stand by Russia until its “victory” in Ukraine, Pyongyang’s Foreign Minister said in Moscow amid growing fears the reclusive country will enter the Ukraine conflict.
“We repeat that we will always stand firmly by our Russian comrades until victory day,” North Korean Foreign Minister Choe Son Hui said, according to a Russian translation.
“We have no doubt whatsoever that under the wise leadership of the honourable Russian President Vladimir Putin, the Russian army and people will surely achieve a great victory in their sacred struggle to defend the sovereign rights and security of their state,” she added.
The U.S. has said that 8,000 North Korean soldiers are training in Russia and could be deployed to fight in Ukraine.
On Thursday (October 31, 2024), Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, speaking to South Korean media, denounced what he called inaction by his allies on the North Korean troop deployment.
Russia has sought to deepen its relations with North Korea since sending troops to Ukraine.
President Vladimir Putin signed a mutual assistance pact with North Korea’s Kim Jong Un when he visited Pyongyang this summer.
Electric motorcycle completes solar-powered 6,000-kilometer journey through Africa
An electric motorcycle, made by Swedish-Kenyan manufacturer Roam completed a 6,000-kilometer (3,700-mile) journey from Nairobi, Kenya, to Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 17 days, using only solar power.
While the world record for the longest electric motorcycle journey is 25,000 kilometers (11,300 miles), undertaken over 42 days in the US, Roam hopes that its stunt helps to prove the viability of renewable energy for long-distance travel even in remote areas with poor charginginfrastructure.
The batteries were charged en route through a solar panel charging system carried in a support vehicle, which would drive ahead each day, stopping to charge up the batteries, so that when the bike caught up it could swap the dead battery for a fresh one. During the journey, the motorcycle model, the Roam Air, achieved its new single battery record range of 113 kilometers (70 miles), and on the trip’s last day, it traveled 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) in less than 18 hours.
On average the team covered around 400 kilometers (250 miles) per day, with about 80 kilometers (50 miles) per battery.
Cloud cover
The biggest challenge the team faced during the journey was the weather. “You can’t force the sun to shine,” says Kituyi, and at some points they ended up adapting their route so that they could escape cloud cover and have an opportunity to recharge the batteries.
While Roam wanted to demonstrate the potential of solar energy as a solution for powering bikes in areas that lack charging infrastructure, Kituyi says that most of Roam’s customers charge their bikes at home with energy from the grid. However, he insists that this mammoth journey would still be possible for people without a solar support car.
“Anywhere you can charge your phone, you can charge the bike,” he says. “That means with enough planning and lodging in hotels that have electricity, you are able to do this journey yourself.”
A support car equipped with a solar panel charging system followed the motorbike along the route.
Death toll from Spain floods passes 200 as rescue teams search for missing
Spain’s worst natural disaster in decades leaves many communities without power, water and aid.
Rescuers in Spain are battling to reach areas still cut off due to heavy rains as the death toll from catastrophic floods rose to 205 in Europe’s worst weather disaster in five decades.
In Valencia, the eastern region that bore the brunt of the devastation this week, hundreds of soldiers were deployed to hunt for the missing and help survivors of the storm, which triggered a new weather alert in Huelva in southwestern Spain.
Officials said the death toll is likely to keep rising. It is already Spain’s worst flood-related disaster in modern history and the deadliest to hit Europe since the 1970s.
In a matter of minutes on Tuesday, flash floods caused by heavy downpours swept away everything in their path – destroying roads, railway tracks and bridges as rivers burst their banks. The flooding also submerged thousands of hectares of farmland.
Thousands of people across Valencia took part in a mass cleanup on Friday. Residents of Chiva, one of the towns that witnessed some of the worst rainfall, were carrying buckets, shovels, brooms, mops and water bottles.
“Around a year’s worth of rain fell in a single day, and as you can tell, it’s had a devastating effect on the community. They’re still cut off – no electricity, no connection to any sort of power system here,” Al Jazeera’s Sonia Gallego said, reporting from Chiva.
Cuba’s electrical grid collapses again amid restoration efforts
HAVANA, Oct 30 (Reuters) – The U.N. General Assembly on Wednesday overwhelmingly called on the United States to end its decades-long sanctions regime on Cuba, as the communist-run Caribbean island nation suffers its worst economic crisis in decades marked by collapsing infrastructure and shortages of basic goods.
The non-binding resolution was approved by 187 countries and opposed only by the United States and Israel, with Moldava abstaining. This was the 32nd consecutive year that similar non-binding resolutions were approved by huge margins.
The vote came just days before the U.S. election with the Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris and Republican contender Donald Trump signaling little interest in changing policy.
Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodriguez said in a speech before the assembly that what is often referred to as the U.S. trade embargo is a “blockade” because the web of laws and regulations complicate financial transactions and the acquisition of goods and services not just from the United States but internationally.
“The blockade against Cuba is an economic, financial and trade war which qualifies as genocide,” said Rodriguez, charging the U.S. policies were deliberately aimed at promoting suffering among the Cuban people to force change in the government.
U.S. diplomat Paul Folmsbee, in a brief speech after the vote did not challenge the view that sanctions were undermining Cuba’s economy, but said they were aimed at promoting “human rights and democracy” and that the U.S. made exceptions for humanitarian purposes.
The United States has piled dozens of new sanctions on the Communist-run country since a trade embargo was put in place following Fidel Castro’s 1959 revolution, most recently under former President Donald Trump.
Rodriguez blamed those new sanctions, which include some fuel exports to Cuba, for being largely responsible for the country’s current energy crisis and the temporary crash of the grid last week.
Finally, it should be remembered that economic democracy is essential not only for the economic liberation of human beings, but for the universal well-being of all – including plants and animals. Economic democracy will devise ways and means to effect the smooth progress of society by recognizing the unique value of both humans and non-humans alike.
Shri P R Sarkar
Prout in a Nutshell Part 21
June 1986, Kolkata
THE END
Space
October 26, 2024
Europe agency says it is in talks with SpaceX on tackling space junk: Report
The 22-nation agency is spearheading one of several efforts to roll back the mass of space junk swirling round the planet from past missions that poses a risk to active satellites.
European Space Agency is in talks with SpaceX about the possibility of Elon Musk’s space venture joining an international charter designed to reduce a growing swarm of debris in space, Director General Josef Aschbacher told Reuters.
The 22-nation agency is spearheading one of several efforts to roll back the mass of space junk swirling round the planet from past missions that poses a risk to active satellites.
Aschbacher said 110 countries or entities have joined ESA’s Zero Debris charter, which aims to stop any new orbital garbage being generated by 2030.
Asked whether SpaceX, whose satellites now make up some two thirds of spacecraft active in low Earth orbit, had signed up, Aschbacher said: “Not yet, but we are in discussion with them… This is a charter that keeps evolving and… we will keep raising the topics because they are so fundamental.”
Of the roughly 10,300 active satellites in orbit, roughly 6,300 are part of SpaceX’s fast-growing Starlink constellation, according to the U.S. Space Force.
China has begun to launch constellations of its own to compete with Starlink, as has Amazon, which expects to launch over 3,000 satellites for its Kuiper constellation this decade.
Amazon has signed up to the charter, Aschbacher said.
There are currently 18,897 pieces of trackable space junk in orbit, according to Jonathan McDowell, a Harvard astronomer who tracks such objects.
Space debris and junk are often used interchangeably, but some consider space junk to include inactive payloads and rocket bodies as well as debris, or errant shards of broken satellites.
There are no international laws on debris, but countries and space agencies have begun in recent years to devise proposals and national rules for tackling the problem.
Moscow’s Tourism Renaissance: How Festivals and Cultural Events Are Drawing in Millions
In recent years, Moscow has reestablished itself as a major destination for international tourists, with the city attracting 2.3 million foreign visitors in 2023. Tourists primarily hailed from countries such as China, Turkey, India, and Iran, with notable increases from the UAE, Qatar, and Kuwait, surpassing pre-pandemic numbers. Early data from 2024 suggests an even more promising year for tourism, with nearly half a million foreigners visiting the Russian capital in just the first quarter, marking a 40% increase from the previous year.
Tourists are increasingly drawn to Moscow not only for its iconic landmarks—like the Kremlin, St. Basil’s Cathedral, and the renowned Tretyakov Gallery—but also for the rich cultural and entertainment experiences the city offers. With its grand festivals, vibrant arts scene, and historic streets lined with elegant mansions from the 18th and 19th centuries, Moscow provides a blend of tradition and modernity that captivates both first-time visitors and returning travelers.
A Growing Portfolio of Cultural Events
One of the most remarkable events in Moscow’s recent history is the International Exhibition Forum “Russia,” which captivated millions over an eight-month run at VDNKh. Featuring interactive exhibits from all 89 regions of Russia, the forum allowed visitors to immerse themselves in the cultural diversity and achievements of the entire country. Drawing over 18.5 million visitors, it significantly boosted Moscow’s tourist numbers.
Similarly, the summer festival “Territory of the Future. Moscow 2030,” held across 30 venues, showcased the city’s forward-looking strategy with cultural, sports, and educational events. The festival culminated in a spectacular celebration for Moscow’s City Day, further cementing the capital’s status as a hub for large-scale events. Meanwhile, the “Summer in Moscow. Let’s Hit the Streets!” festival, spanning 100 days, invited visitors to participate in activities ranging from yoga and ping pong to art workshops and space exploration discussions. A distinctive feature of the festival was its community-driven agenda—25% of the 25,000 events were organized by local residents, businesses, or NGOs, making it a true reflection of Moscow’s vibrant civic life.
World Food Day: Pope urges leaders to listen to those at the end of the food chain
Marking World Food Day (16 Oct), Pope Francis says economic leaders must listen to the demands of those at the end of the food chain. And in a post on X he decries military spending and calls for investments to combat hunger.
Pope Francis chose a two-pronged approach for his message on World Food Day this year, decrying the fact that so much money is spent on weapons and armaments when it could be invested in fighting hunger, and separately calling on global leaders to listen to the demands of those at the end of the food chain.
“War brings out the worst in humanity: selfishness, violence and dishonesty,” he said in a post on X on Wednesday morning to mark World Food Day on 16 October. “Let us reject the line of reasoning that embraces weapons, and instead transform massive military expenditures into investments to combat hunger and the lack of healthcare and education,” he added.
As he usually does on this annual occurrence, he also addressed a message to the Rome-based Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), appealing to economic leaders at the international level to “listen to the demands of those at the end of the food chain, such as small farmers, and to intermediary social groups, like families, who are directly involved in feeding people.”
In the message, read by Archbishop Chica Arellano, the Holy See’s Permanent Observer at the United Nations Organizations and Bodies for Food and Agriculture, the Pope reflected on the theme chosen for the World Day this year – “Right to foods for a better life and a better future” – and noted that solidarity, justice and a transformation of food systems is needed to ensure that every person has access to nutritious and affordable food.
Primary schools urged to teach kids about misogyny
The mayor of London has written to every primary school in London asking them to help counter the “pernicious influence” of misogynists such as Andrew Tate.
City Hall has funded a £1m programme to help educate children about healthy and respectful relationships as part of efforts to reduce violence against women and girls (VAWG).
It follows a similar scheme for secondary schools and comes amid fears children as young as nine may be being regularly exposed to misogynistic content online.
Working with the educational charity Tender, the mayor’s office has produced online courses to help teachers run classes, workshops, drama and interactive sessions for children aged nine to 11.
‘Equality and respect’
The programme is designed to be delivered by teachers, with the option of support from Tender’s specially trained workshop leaders, City Hall said.
It comes amid an increased focus on tackling VAWG in recent years, particularly since the 2021 murder of Sarah Everard in south London.
In July the National Police Chief’s Council declared the issue a violence against women and girls a “national emergency”, after it was revealed that over one million such crimes were recorded in England and Wales in 2022-23, constituting 20% of all crimes documented by the police.
The Labour government recently announced plans to halve violence against women and girls over the next decade, focusing on reforms that emphasise education and the accountability of perpetrators.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62ryze4g2qo
Awards
Nobel Prize in economics awarded to trio for explaining why some nations are rich and others poor
LondonCNN —
Three economists were awarded the Nobel Prize Monday for their research into how the nature of institutions helps explain why some countries become rich and others remain poor.
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson will share the prize, which carries a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor ($1 million).
The Nobel Committee praised the trio for explaining why “societies with a poor rule of law and institutions that exploit the population do not generate growth or change for the better.”
“When Europeans colonized large parts of the globe, the institutions in those societies changed,” the committee said, citing the economists’ work. While in many places this was aimed at exploiting the indigenous population, in other places it laid the foundations for inclusive political and economic systems.
“The laureates have shown that one explanation for differences in countries’ prosperity is the societal institutions that were introduced during colonization,” the committee added.
Countries that developed “inclusive institutions” – which uphold the rule of law and property rights – have over time become prosperous, while those that developed “extractive institutions” – which, in the laureates’ words, “squeeze” resources from the wider population to benefit the elites – have experienced persistently low economic growth.
Efforts by Russia, Iran and China to sway US voters may escalate, new Microsoft report says
— Foreign adversaries have shown continued determination to influence the U.S. election –- and there are signs their activity will intensify as Election Day nears, Microsoft said in a report Wednesday.
Russian operatives are doubling down on fake videos to smear Vice President Kamala Harris’ campaign, while Chinese-linked social media campaigns are maligning down-ballot Republicans who are critical of China, the company’s threat intelligence arm said Wednesday.
Meanwhile, Iranian actors who allegedly sent emails aimed at intimidating U.S. voters in 2020 have been surveying election-related websites and major media outlets, raising concerns they could be preparing for another scheme this year, the tech giant said.
The report serves as a warning – building on others from U.S. intelligence officials – that as the nation enters this critical final stretch and begins counting ballots, the worst influence efforts may be yet to come. U.S. officials say they remain confident that election infrastructure is secure enough to withstand any attacks from American adversaries. Still, in a tight election, foreign efforts to influence voters are raising concern.
US startup charging couples to ‘screen embryos for IQ’
Heliospect’s services were marketed at up to $50,000 for 100 embryos, undercover footage shows
What is genomic prediction and can embryos really be ‘screened for IQ’?
A US startup company is offering to help wealthy couples screen their embryos for IQ using controversial technology that raises questions about the ethics of genetic enhancement.
The company, Heliospect Genomics, has worked with more than a dozen couples undergoing IVF, according to undercover video footage. The recordings show the company marketing its services at up to $50,000 (£38,000) for clients seeking to test 100 embryos, and claiming to have helped some parents select future children based on genetic predictions of intelligence. Managers boasted their methods could produce a gain of more than six IQ points.
Experts say the development represents an ethical minefield.
The information has emerged from video recordings made by the campaign group Hope Not Hate, which went undercover to investigate separate groups of activists and academics. The Guardian reviewed the recordings and conducted further research alongside Hope Not Hate.
The footage appears to show experimental genetic selection techniques being advertised to prospective parents. A Heliospect employee, who has been helping the company recruit clients, outlined how couples could rank up to 100 embryos based on “IQ and the other naughty traits that everybody wants”, including sex, height, risk of obesity and risk of mental illness.
The startup says its prediction tools were built using data provided by UK Biobank, a taxpayer-funded store of genetic material donated by half a million British volunteers, which aims to only share data for projects that are “in the public interest”.
BRICS Summit: Kazan declaration a blueprint for strengthening multilateralism and economic cooperation, says expert
The summit held in Kazan, Russia, saw productive discussions on strengthening multilateralism, countering terrorism, promoting economic growth, and addressing the concerns of the Global South.
Leaders of more than 20 nations, including Chinese President Xi Jinping, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, UAE President Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, participated in the summit.
The 43-page final communiqué addressed a range of topics, including geopolitics, artificial intelligence, and the preservation of endangered species.
Key Outcomes of the Kazan Declaration
Geopolitical Concerns
Ukraine conflict
Middle East Crisis
Global Governance and Multilateralism
G20 Role
Financial Architecture Reform
Financial Innovation: The leaders encouraged new financial practices. “We welcome the BRICS Interbank Cooperation Mechanism (ICM) focus on facilitating and expanding innovative financial practices.”
International Monetary Fund: The declaration supported maintaining a strong IMF. “We reaffirm our commitment to maintaining a strong and effective Global Financial Safety Net with a quota-based and adequately resourced IMF at its centre.”
Economic Cooperation and Local Currencies
Cross-Border Payments: A key highlight of the summit was the agreement to strengthen trade and financial settlements in local currencies. The declaration welcomed the use of local currencies in BRICS financial transactions and supported the exploration of an independent cross-border settlement infrastructure.
“We recognise the widespread benefits of faster, low-cost, more efficient, transparent, safe, and inclusive cross-border payment instruments built upon the principle of minimising trade barriers and non-discriminatory access,” the document stated.
BRICS Clear depository: Looking ahead, the BRICS nations agreed to explore initiatives that could further integrate their economies, such as establishing a BRICS Grain Exchange and studying the feasibility of a BRICS Cross-Border Payment System and BRICS (Re)Insurance Company.
BRICS Grain Exchange: The establishment of a BRICS-based grain exchange was welcomed. “We welcome the initiative of the Russian side to establish a grain (commodities) trading platform within BRICS.”
BRICS Plus Partnership: With growing interest from nations in the Global South, the leaders endorsed the creation of a BRICS Partner Country category, welcoming new member countries, including Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.
Pandemic Preparedness and Environmental Conservation
Health Initiatives: The summit emphasised the importance of strengthening health systems through collaboration. “We support the initiatives of the BRICS R&D Vaccine Center, further development of the BRICS Integrated Early Warning System for preventing mass infectious diseases risks and the operations of the BRICS TB Research Network.”
The leaders also recognised the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): “We welcome the outcomes of the 79th United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) High-Level Meeting on AMR… and note the timeliness of holding the first BRICS Conference on AMR in May 2024.”
Scientists are working on a way to detect cancer with sound waves
Scientists have developed a new technique to detect cancers. The method uses ultrasound to turn a small part of our body’s tissue into droplets that are released into the blood. These bubbles contain molecules like RNA, DNA, and proteins that allow the scientists to identify particular types of cancer.
Roger Zemp, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Alberta, Canada, led a recent study describing such a technique. He presented his team’s findings at the joint meeting of the Acoustical Society of America and the Canadian Acoustical Association at Shaw Centre in Canada on May 13.
A team of researchers from the University of Alberta, Canada, has demonstrated that applying intense ultrasound—at levels much higher than used for imagining—can cause the release of biomarkers from cells, allowing for earlier detection of cancer via liquid biopsy. Their work was presented today at the Acoustical Society of America and the Canadian Acoustical Association, being held this week in Ottawa.
“Ultrasound, at exposure levels higher than is used for imaging, can create tiny pores in cell membranes, which safely reseal,” said Roger Zemp, PhD, associated professor of in the Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Alberta. “This process is known as sonoporation. The pores formed due to sonoporation were previously used to get drugs into cells and tissues. In our case, we care about releasing the contents of cells for diagnostics.”
Over 3 million without power as Hurricane Milton makes landfall in Florida
Hurricane Milton plowed into Florida as a Category 3 storm, bringing misery to a coast still ravaged by Helene, pounding cities with winds of over 100 mph (160 kph) after producing a barrage of tornadoes, but sparing Tampa a direct hit.
The storm tracked to the south in the final hours and made landfall Wednesday night in Siesta Key near Sarasota, about 70 miles (112 kilometers) south of Tampa. The situation in the Tampa area was still a major emergency as St. Petersburg recorded over 16 inches (41 centimeters) of rain, prompting the National Weather Service to warn of flash flooding there as well as other parts of western and central Florida.
St. Petersburg residents also could no longer get water from their household taps because a water main break led the city to shut down service.
The storm knocked out power across a large section of Florida, with more than 3 million homes and businesses without power as of early Thursday, according to poweroutage.us, which tracks utility reports.
Some of the hardest-hit areas included Sarasota, Fort Myers, St Petersburg, St Lucie and other cities on the Gulf coast. Storm surge warnings were in effect along Florida’s east coast to Georgia’s Altamaha Sound.
Immediate impact
Hurricane Milton caused destruction in towns in areas of the west coast, central and east coast of Florida.
Officials reported downed trees, storm surges, flooding, destroyed homes, damaged roads, downed power lines and damage to infrastructure, power and water systems and more.
Officials have warned that around 11 million people are at risk of flash and river flooding after some parts of the state received histroric amounts of rain. St Petersburg received about 18in, as well as localized flooding. St John’s county also saw “widespread flooding” that caused some roads to become impassable, officials said.
As search and rescue efforts continued on Thursday morning, early reports indicated about 125 homes were destroyed, primarily mobile homes in senior communities.
This Russian Family Lived Alone in the Siberian Wilderness for 40 Years, Unaware of World War II or the Moon Landing
In 1978, Soviet geologists stumbled upon a family of five in the taiga. They had been cut off from almost all human contact since fleeing religious persecution in 1936
Peter the Great’s attempts to modernize the Russia of the early 18th century found a focal point in a campaign to end the wearing of beards—which was anathema to Karp Lykov and the Old Believers. Universal History Archive / Getty Images
Slowly, over several visits, the full story of the family emerged. The old man’s name was Karp Osipovich Lykov, and he was an Old Believer—a member of a fundamentalist Russian Orthodox sect, worshiping in a style unchanged since the 17th century. Old Believers had been persecuted since the days of Peter the Great, and Lykov talked about it as though it had happened only yesterday. For him, Peter was a personal enemy and “the Antichrist in human form”—a point he insisted had been amply proved by the czar’s campaign to modernize Russia by forcibly “[chopping] off the beards of Christians.” These centuries-old hatreds were conflated with more recent grievances; Karp was prone to complain in the same breath about a merchant who had refused to make a gift of 26 poods of salt to the Old Believers sometime around 1900. As the geologists filled him in on what he’d missed, he used a similar lens to form opinions about current events:
The events that had excited the world were unknown here. The Lykovs did not know any famous names and had heard only vaguely about the past war. When in recalling the “first world war” with Karp Osipovich the geologists engaged him in conversation about the last one, he shook his head: “What is this, a second time, and always the Germans. A curse on Peter. He flirted with them. That is so.”
Things had only gotten worse for the Lykov family when the atheist Bolsheviks took power. Under the Soviets, isolated Old Believer communities that had fled to Siberia to escape persecution began to retreat ever further from civilization. During the purges of the 1930s, with Christianity itself under assault, a Communist patrol had shot Lykov’s brother on the outskirts of their village while Lykov knelt working beside him. He had responded by scooping up his family and bolting into the forest.
That was in 1936, and there were only four Lykovs then—Karp; his wife, Akulina; a son named Savin, who was around 9 years old; and Natalia, a daughter who was only 2. Taking their possessions and some seeds, they had retreated ever deeper into the taiga, building themselves a succession of crude dwelling places, until at last they had fetched up in this desolate spot. Two more children had been born in the wild—Dmitry in 1940 and Agafia in 1944—and their knowledge of the outside world came entirely from their parents’ stories. The family’s principal entertainment, Peskov noted, “was for everyone to recount their dreams.”
The Lykov children knew there were places called cities where humans lived crammed together in tall buildings. They had heard there were countries other than Russia. But such concepts were no more than abstractions to them. Their only reading matter was prayer books and an ancient family Bible. Akulina had taught her children to read and write using sharpened birch sticks dipped into honeysuckle juice as pen and ink. When Agafia was later shown a video of a horse on the geologists’ television set, she recognized it from her mother’s stories. “A steed!” she exclaimed. “Papa, a steed!”
But if the family’s isolation was hard to grasp, the unmitigated harshness of their lives was not. Traveling to the Lykov homestead on foot was astonishingly arduous, as Peskov would later learn firsthand. On his first visit to the Lykovs in the 1980s, the writer—who would appoint himself the family’s chief chronicler—noted that “we traversed 250 kilometers [155 miles] without seeing a single human dwelling!”
Isolation made survival in the wilderness close to impossible. Dependent solely on their own resources, the Lykovs struggled to replace the few things they had brought into the taiga with them. They fashioned birch-bark galoshes in place of shoes. Clothes were patched and repatched until they fell apart, then replaced with hemp cloth grown from seed.
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Nearby exoplanet is a 1st-of-its-kind ‘steam world,’ James Webb Space Telescope finds
A nearby alien planet is the first of its kind, new observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) suggest.
Located around 100 light-years away from Earth, the exoplanet is shrouded in a thick envelope of steam. This world, designated GJ 9827 d, is around twice the size of Earth, three times more massive than our planet, and has an atmosphere almost entirely composed of water vapor.
Nihon Hidankyo: Japan anti-nuke group wins Nobel Peace Prize
The Japanese organization Nihon Hidankyo is the winner of this year’s Nobel Peace Prize for efforts to achieve a world free from nuclear weapon.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee on Friday named Japanese anti-nuclear organization Nihon Hidankyo, a grassroots movement of atomic bomb survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as the winner of the 2024 Nobel Peace Prize.
The aging survivors of the two nuclear detonations, known as “hibakusha,” continue to campaign for a nuclear arms ban as they push to keep alive their efforts among younger generations.
What the Nobel Committee said
Joergen Watne Frydnes, chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, said the award was made as the “taboo against the use of nuclear weapons is under pressure.”
Watne Frydnes said the award was made to the group “for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again.”
“This year’s prize is a prize that focuses on the necessity of upholding this nuclear taboo. And we have all a responsibility, particularly the nuclear powers,” Watne Frydnes told reporters.
He said testimonies of the survivors of the cities bombed at the end of World War II had made a “unique” contribution to generating “widespread opposition to nuclear weapons around the world.”
Watne Frydnes said the committee “wishes to honor all survivors who, despite physical suffering and painful memories, have chosen to use their costly experience to cultivate hope and engagement for peace.”
The Nobel prizes carry a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor ($1 million).
This year, the prize was announced against a backdrop of devastating conflicts, notably in the Middle East, Ukraine, and Sudan. In total, 286 candidates were nominated, including 197 individuals and 89 organizations.
Institutions Across the World Share Common Challenges
ANCHESTER, U.K.—Spread across three days, the World Academic Summit drew global leaders from far and wide to discuss the complexities of higher education in a changing world.
The event, put on by Times Higher Education (Inside Higher Ed’s parent company), featured more than 40 sessions on a wide range of issues including business challenges, global partnerships and research innovation. Based on observations from various panel sessions and conversations with academic leaders, CEOs and students, it’s clear that despite geographic differences, institutions around the world are grappling with similar challenges.
Shaky Business Models
While many U.S. institutions are reeling from financial challenges due to declining enrollment, a Tuesday panel comprised of leaders from Canada, England and Japan noted that pressures on university business models are widespread and often driven by factors outside their control.
Global South’s Growing Influence
In a main-stage interview on Monday, Ivison said the next wave of entrepreneurs and scientists will likely hail from Africa and Southeast Asia, noting that they are navigating global challenges “with a fraction of the resources” that Western nations have to respond to crises.
Because of such innovation and resilience, Ivison said, he is eyeing partnerships in Africa and the Middle East.
Campus Tensions Have No Borders
Campuses across the world have been roiled by pro-Palestinian protests, and Manchester’s was no different. The first sessions hadn’t even begun Monday when protesters blocked access to the event’s registration, holding a banner that read, “1 year of Gaza Genocide” and “Israel out of academia.”
Geoffrey Hawtin: Crop Diversity Pioneer Who Won the World Food Prize
In this instalment of our Seed Heroes series, we celebrate the work of Geoffrey Hawtin OBE, a co-recipient of the 2024 World Food Prize, who believes that agricultural biodiversity is a significant part of the solution to the most significant challenges we face today. He is also the man behind one of the most recognizable moustaches in the plant genetic resources world.
Few people have done more for the cause of plant genetic resources over the past 40 years than Geoffrey Hawtin.
The British-Canadian plant geneticist – who served as the Crop Trust’s first Executive Secretary in 2004 – is among the most prominent figures in the modern-day history of crop diversity conservation. His dedication to food security was ultimately recognized when he was named as one of two laureates of the 2024 World Food Prize. He shares the honor with his long-time colleague Cary Fowler, both known for their pivotal roles in the creation of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, the ultimate backup facility for crop diversity.
On 9 May 2024, the foundation that confers the award named Hawtin and Fowler as this year’s laureates in recognition of “theirextraordinary leadership in preserving and protecting the world’s heritage of crop biodiversity and mobilizing this critical resource to defend against threats to global food security.”
Before the Seed Vault opened in 2008 on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen in the remote Arctic Svalbard archipelago, Hawtin was a member of the committee that assessed the feasibility of the proposed facility. He also helped develop the technical, management and policy specifications for the Seed Vault, which were used by the Norwegian government in its construction and operation.
But let’s go back to the beginning. Hawtin’s long career started with the Arid Land Agricultural Development (ALAD) program, under which he led teams in Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey to collect local varieties of lentils, chickpeas and other legumes. At the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in the 1970s, Hawtin was young postdoctoral scholar. He drove down a mined road to the Syrian border to find a safe place for a precious collection of legume seeds. Little did they know that they would have had to make the journey three more times before he and his team were finally allowed to enter Syria and get themselves and the seeds to safety.
World’s co-operators prepare for the ICA global conference in Delhi
On 25 November, co-operators from around the world will descend on New Delhi for the 2024 ICA Global Cooperative Conference – which is being held on Indian soil for the first time. The event includes the ICA’s General Assembly as well as the official launch of the 2025 UN International Year of Cooperatives (IYC).
“Asia is a region that is demographically rich, culturally diverse, economically dynamic, and deeply rooted in history,” says ICA director general, Jeroen Douglas, who recently toured the region ahead of the event, meeting with government officials and leaders from the ICA Asia Pacific Office, the National Cooperative Union of India (NCUI) and Indian Farmer Fertiliser Cooperative Ltd (IFFCO).
IFFCO, along with the ICA’s other 17 members from India, are hosting the conference, which will take place at the Bharat Mandapam in the Indian capital on 25-30 November under the theme ‘Cooperatives build prosperity for all’.
“The conference theme is inspired by the motto of the Indian co-operative movement: peace, progress and prosperity,” adds Douglas. “At this conference, we want to foster global co-operation, highlighting co-operative regions of prosperity, inspirational regions, and promote co-ops as people-centred, purpose-led, and planet-conscious organisations. We will be framing keynotes, plenaries and workshops around four equally important priorities. Those priorities will be the guiding strategic action plan to accelerate and to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals.”
These priorities, says Douglas, include looking at how co-ops build enabling policy and entrepreneurial ecosystems; reaffirming the co-operative identity; nurturing purposeful leadership; and shaping a just, equal and resilient future.
Middle East latest: UN peacekeeper shot in Lebanon; Hezbollah using ambulances to transport weapons, Israel claims
A United Nations peacekeeper has been hit by gunfire in southern Lebanon, the organisation says. Meanwhile, Israel claims Hezbollah has been using ambulances to transport weapons and militant.
What is the U.N. peacekeeping force stationed in Lebanon?
As Israel pushes into southern Lebanon with the aim of eliminating Hezbollah fighters and destroying the group’s bases, its forces are increasingly coming into contact with members of a United Nations force that has been in place there for decades with a mandate to maintain peace and security along the volatile border.
On Thursday, two peacekeepers from the currently 10,000-strong United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, or UNIFIL, were injured when an Israeli tank shell hit an observation tower near the “Blue Line” dividing Lebanon from Israel and the Golan Heights. The incident followed an Israeli warning for UNIFIL to relocate from areas Israel said were near Hezbollah positions used to launch rockets into northern Israel. UNIFIL refused to evacuate.
Overview: What’s going on in Middle East in five bullet points
Israel says its attacks in neighbouring Lebanon are targeting Iran-backed Hezbollah militants, who regularly fire rockets across its northern border. However, some strikes have hit areas outside the group’s stronghold in Beirut’s southern suburbs, instead hitting regions where many people have fled to;
The world is waiting for Israel’s response to Iranian airstrikes on Israeli towns and cities last week, with Iran warning that it will not hesitate to take “stronger defensive actions” if the country retaliates;
Israeli troops have fired on peacekeepers in Lebanon, injuring four, with the international community condemning the attack and accusing Israel of violating international law;
Israel’s war against Hamas militants in Gaza is still ongoing, with Israeli forces issuing evacuation orders in the north of the enclave as they continue operating with “great force”;
More than 1,400 people have been killed in Lebanon by Israeli attacks, according to Lebanese authorities. In Gaza, the Hamas-run health ministry has said 42,126 people have been killed and 98,117 injured during the year-long conflict.
North Koreans deployed alongside Russian troops in Ukraine, sources say
North Korean military engineers have been deployed to help Russia target Ukraine with ballistic missiles, and fighters operating in occupied areas of the country have already been killed, senior officials in Kyiv and Seoul said.
There are dozens of North Koreans behind Russian lines, in teams that “support launcher systems for KN-23 missiles”, a source in Ukraine told the Guardian.
Kim Jong-un, the North Korean leader, last year travelled to Russia for a summit with Vladimir Putin where the two men bolstered their deepening ties with a secret arms deal.
Pyongyang’s ammunition shipments were vital in allowing Russian forces to advance in a grinding war of attrition in eastern Ukraine this summer. But it appears increasingly clear that the agreement went beyond supplying materiel.
A developed economy should consist of four parts – people’s economy, psycho-economy, commercial economy and general economy. This quadri-dimension of the economy is a vast expansion on the contemporary and co-contemporary conceptions of economic activity. Most economists today understand only a little of the principles of general economy and something of commercial economy, but both of these parts are still in an undeveloped stage. People’s economy and psycho-economy are totally overlooked by modern economists, and as such could find no place in the present mode of economic thinking.
Shri P R Sarkar
Quadri-Dimensional Economy
5 June 1986, Kolkata
The End
October 5, 2024
Biotechnology
How Stem Cells Reverse Diabetes For The First Time in History
A 25-year-old woman −with type 1 diabetes− began generating her own insulin three months after receiving a reprogrammed stem cell transplant.
For the first time in history, a multidisciplinary team of scientists managed to reversetype 1 diabetes in a 25-year-old patient, who received a reprogrammed stem cell transplant and less than three months later she started producing her own insulin.
She is the first human with type 1 diabetes to be treated using cells that were extracted from her own body. The results of his case were published on the specialized site Cell and the success of the procedure is already considered a milestone for modern medicine.
The paper, signed by 35 scientists from various Chinese institutions, explains that the analysis was carried out over a period of one year and corresponds to “a first phase I clinical trial in humans that evaluates the viability of autologous transplantation of islets derived from chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSC islets) under the anterior rectum abdominal sheath for the treatment of type diabetes 1.”
What Does It Mean that Stem Cells Can Reverse Diabetes?
This stem cell transplant that has successfully reversed type 1 diabetes in a Chinese patient represents a major step forward in the treatment of this disease, which along with type 2 diabetes, is considered a chronic condition affecting more than 500 million people worldwide.
For the specific case of the Chinese patient, the paper details: “she achieved sustained insulin independence starting 75 days post-transplantation. The patient’s time-in-target glycemic range increased from a baseline value of 43.18% to 96.21% by month 4 post-transplantation, accompanied by a decrease in glycated hemoglobin, an indicator of long-term systemic glucose levels at a non-diabetic level.”
The study adds that “thereafter, the patient presented a state of stable glycemic control, with time-in-target glycemic range at >98% and glycated hemoglobin at around 5%. At 1 year, the clinical data met all study endpoints with no indication of transplant-related abnormalities.”
Although the woman has chosen to remain anonymous, it is known that she lives in Tianjin, China, is 25 years old and recently gave a telephone interview to Nature magazine in which she said: “I can eat sugar now… I enjoy eating everything, especially hotpot.”
Austria’s Freedom Party secures first far-right national election win since World War II
The Freedom Party secured the first far-right national parliamentary election victory in post-World War II Austria on Sunday, finishing ahead of the governing conservatives after tapping into anxieties about immigration, inflation, Ukraine and other issues. But its chances of governing were unclear.
Preliminary official results showed the Freedom Party finishing first with 29.2% of the vote and Chancellor Karl Nehammer’s Austrian People’s Party was second with 26.5%. The center-left Social Democrats were in third place with 21%. The outgoing government – a coalition of Nehammer’s party and the environmentalist Greens – lost its majority in the lower house of parliament.
Herbert Kickl, a former interior minister and longtime campaign strategist who has led the Freedom Party since 2021, wants to be chancellor.
But to become Austria’s new leader, he would need a coalition partner to command a parliamentary majority. Rivals have said they won’t work with Kickl in government.
The far right has benefited from frustration over high inflation, the war in Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic. It has also built on worries about migration.
In its election program, titled “Fortress Austria,” the Freedom Party calls for “remigration of uninvited foreigners,” for achieving a more “homogeneous” nation by tightly controlling borders and suspending the right to asylum via an emergency law.
The Freedom Party also calls for an end to sanctions against Russia, is highly critical of Western military aid to Ukraine and wants to bow out of the European Sky Shield Initiative, a missile defense project launched by Germany. Kickl has criticized “elites” in Brussels and called for some powers to be brought back from the European Union to Austria.
About 300 protesters gathered outside the parliament building in Vienna Sunday evening, holding placards with slogans including “Kickl is a Nazi.”
Supreme Court flooded with prayers for relief from groups eager to promote religion
Religious interest groups are queuing up a series of high-profile appeals at the Supreme Court this fall that could further tear down the wall separating church and state, seeking to take advantage of a friendly 6-3 conservative majority that has rapidly pushed the law in their favor in recent years.
Catholic groups are challenging a New York State requirement that health insurance plans cover medically necessary abortions, for instance. A group of Muslim and Eastern Orthodox parents in Maryland want to opt their elementary school children out of reading books about gender and sexuality. And a Tampa synagogue hopes to advertise its annual ice-skating themed Hannukah celebration on public buses.
After winning a string of major victories from the court in recent years, several of the groups involved are anxious for a further expansion of the First Amendment’s free exercise clause, which guarantees the right to practice religion free of government interference.
“The free exercise litigators think they’ve got the votes now and they’re being pretty aggressive about pushing cases up there,” said Douglas Laycock, a University of Virginia law professor and a leading authority on religious law. “What you’re seeing is a response to the conservatives’ enthusiasm for free exercise.”
Targeting a controversial precedent?
Religious interests have won seven major cases since 2021, not including several significant victories on the high court’s emergency docket during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Last year, the court backed a mail carrier and evangelical Christian who said the United States Postal Service violated federal law by failing to reasonably accommodate his inability to work on Sundays.
A year before that, the court’s conservatives aligned to throw out a Maine prohibition that barred schools offering religious instruction from receiving taxpayer funding. The conservative majority coalesced again that year to reinstate a high school football coach near Seattle who lost his job after offering prayers on the 50-yard line.
Luke Goodrich, senior counsel at Becket, said that religious liberty shouldn’t be a partisan issue. Nor, he said, is it necessarily a Christian issue.
“The goal is to shape the law in the way that religion and religious expression is accepted as a natural part of human culture,” he told CNN. “As a matter of principle, it extends to people of all faiths.”
Critics say the court’s march toward expanding religious rights – often in cases decided along ideological lines – is reshaping the way Americans have for decades understood the relationship between the government and religion.
“We are bracing ourselves for more rulings in lockstep with the White Christian nationalist agenda that is becoming more clear to more Americans every day,” said Rachel Laser, president of the Americans United for Separation of Church and State. “When the Roberts court rules on religion, it’s almost always coming down in support of not just religion, but of mainstream Christian interests.”
World Teachers’ Day 2024: Educators in Asia Pacific call for governments to invest in teacher professional development and strengthen public education
On the 30th anniversary of World Teachers’ Day, celebrated on October 5th, Education International Asia-Pacific (EIAP) member organizations are calling on governments to invest in teacher professional development and strengthen public education systems.
Ensuring the teachers’ voice is heard via their unions
Celebrating all teachers around the globe since 1994, World Teachers’ Day is co-convened by UNESCO, the International Labour Organization (ILO), UNICEF and EI and commemorates the anniversary of the adoption of the 1966 ILO/UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers. The recommendation sets benchmarks regarding the rights and responsibilities of teachers, and standards for their initial preparation and further education, recruitment, employment, and teaching and learning conditions. The Recommendation concerning the Status of Higher-Education Teaching Personnel was adopted in 1997 to complement the 1966 Recommendation by covering teaching personnel in higher education.
During the event, which brought together educators from India, Maldives, Thailand, Australia, and Sri Lanka, EIAP Regional Director Anand Singh highlighted the critical role of teachers and referred to this year’s theme, “Valuing teacher voices: towards a new social contract for education”. He said: “Unions are the collective voices of teachers, amplifying their concerns, their ideas, and their demands for fair treatment and professional respect. It is through unions that we can ensure teachers’ voices are not just heard but acted upon. We must continue to support and strengthen unions globally, as they are key to forging this new social contract.”
Reshaping educational systems through a collaborative approach
The celebration also underscored the urgent need for increased funding and support for teachers, advocating for a collaborative approach to reshape educational systems where teachers’ voices are heard and valued throughout the education system.
EU Commission Proposes Delay for Anti-Deforestation Law
Yesterday the European Commission proposed a substantial delay in the implementation of its landmark anti-deforestation law. This is bad news for the climate-critical forests around the world as well as the human rights of Indigenous peoples and other forest-dependent communities.
The European Union’s Deforestation-Free Products Regulation (EUDR) is a piece of legislation that required considerable study, negotiation, and compromise. It requires EU companies to ensure the wood, palm oil, soy, coffee, cocoa, rubber, and cattle they export or import has been produced in conditions that respect environmental laws and laws on land use rights, and that the products were farmed on land that was not deforested after 2020. It also requires the European Commission to designate areas as “low, standard, or high risk” for deforestation and forest degradation using a country benchmarking process.
The regulation entered into force in 2022 and requires companies to start complying on December 30, 2024. The commission proposed to push back the start of enforcement by 12 months for large companies and 18 months for micro and small enterprises. It also proposed delaying the country risk benchmarking process until June 2025, stating that the majority of countries would be ranked “low risk.”
The commission’s proposed delay would enable at least one more year of deforestation and human rights violations in Sarawak, as well as other areas where deforestation is driven by the supply chains of products widely consumed by Europeans. It would also disregard efforts by many companies and EU trading partners who deployed resources to comply with the EUDR on time.
There is still a chance to reverse course, as the European Parliament and Council could refuse to approve the commission’s flawed proposal. The European Parliament and Council should oppose this delay and remind commission President Ursula von der Leyen of the urgency of enforcing this landmark environmental law.
As big supermarkets pursue profits, new research shows growing exploitation of shrimp farmers
BANGKOK — Indonesian shrimp farmer Yulius Cahyonugroho operated more than two dozen ponds only a few years ago, employing seven people and making more than enough to support his family.
Since then, the 39-year-old says the prices he gets from purchasers have fallen by half and he’s had to scale back to four workers and about one-third the ponds, some months not even breaking even. His wife has had to take a job at a watermelon farm to help support their two children.
“It is more stable than the shrimp farms,” said the farmer from Indonesia’s Central Java province.
As big Western supermarkets make windfall profits, their aggressive pursuit of ever-lower wholesale prices is causing misery for people at the bottom end of the supply chain — people like Cahyonugroho who produce and process the seafood, according to an investigation by an alliance of NGOs focused on three of the world’s largest producers of shrimp provided to The Associated Press ahead of its publication on Monday.
The analysis of the industry in Vietnam, Indonesia and India, which provide about half the shrimp in the world’s top four markets, found a 20%-60% drop in earnings from pre-pandemic levels as producers struggle to meet pricing demands by cutting labor costs.
In many places this has meant unpaid and underpaid work through longer hours, wage insecurity as rates fluctuate, and many workers not even making low minimum wages. The report also found hazardous working conditions, particularly in India and parts of Indonesia, and even child labor in some places in India.
Supermarkets linked to facilities where exploited labor was reported by workers include Target, Walmart and Costco in the United States, Britain’s Sainsbury’s and Tesco, and Aldi and Co-op in Europe.
Switzerland’s Co-op said it had a “zero tolerance” policy for violations of labor law, and that its producers “receive fair and market-driven prices.”
Russia Plans 30 Percent Defense Spending Hike in 2025
to more than $145 billion in 2025, a year in which it had intended to cut military spending.
The Russian government intends to increase its defense expenditures by about a quarter next year, according to a draft state budget released on Monday, signaling the Kremlin’s continued determination to allocate vast resources to the war in Ukraine.
Russia’s military spending in rubles has already more than tripled since President Vladimir V. Putin’s decision to invade Ukraine in 2022 and will reach 13.5 trillion rubles next year, a figure unmatched since the heights of the Cold War.
The draft document, submitted for review to the State Duma, the country’s lower house of parliament, calls for more than $145 billion in military spending in 2025, from $116 billion this year. It is a bold sign that the Kremlin anticipates that the war is likely to continue well into next year. In 2023, it had planned to reduce military spending by about 21 percent in 2025, but as the war dragged on, it had to reverse course.
As a rule, Russian lawmakers pass proposed budgets with minor amendments.
The increase means that the Kremlin is allocating more than 32 percent of its state budget to defense, more than to pensions and other social expenditures, health care and education combined.
“We are reaching the point when cannons become more important than butter,” said Alexandra Prokopenko, a former Russian central bank official now at the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center in Berlin. “The main priority is the ongoing war in Ukraine and the restoration of arsenals and the country’s military potential.”
The Russian government anticipates 2025 revenues to rise to more than $433 billion from $388 billion this year, a result of increased income, corporate and other taxes, and the overall growth of its economy, which, in turn, is being boosted by increased military expenditures.
Overall, Russia’s budget would increase more than 11 percent in 2025. But economists have been warning that injecting vast sums of money into Russia’s overheating economy risks pushing it into an inflationary spiral. In September, the country’s central bank increased the key interest rate to 19 percent, making loans, including mortgages, prohibitively expensive.
After the budget announcement, MMI, a leading Russian economy and investment channel on the messaging app Telegram, said that “we can unequivocally say that we are dealing with a new inflationary shock from the side of fiscal policy.”
But in a war of attrition in Ukraine, the Kremlin might have little choice but to spend more. After more than 31 months of war, Russia needs to recruit and train servicemen and replace weapons and equipment. Mr. Putin recently ordered an increase in the size of Russia’s active military force by 180,000, to 1.5 million, but some analysts doubt that the army might reach that size.
At the end of July, Mr. Putin also doubled the federal sign-up bonus for new recruits to nearly $4,300, signaling increased difficulty in attracting them. The same month, an additional sign-up bonus in the city of Moscow reached $20,400. This summer, Moscow has been plastered with posters saying that on average an army recruit would get nearly $56,000 after one year of service in Ukraine. The average salary is about $880 a month in Russia.
And as the country brings on more workers to churn out more weapons and equipment, the unemployment rate has dropped to 2.4 percent. Unemployment, in turn, forced an increase in wages, further boosting inflation.
Iran launches more than 180 ballistic missiles at Israel followed by Israel targets presumed new Hezbollah leader in massive Beirut strikes.
Iranian state TV said Iran had fired 200 missiles towards Israel. These included hypersonic weapons, it said, while the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said the strikes were in retaliation for the killings of the leaders of its allies Hezbollah and Hamas.
Within hours of the massive barrage on Tuesday evening local time, Israel’s military resumed air strikes against what it said were Hezbollah targets in the southern suburbs of the Lebanese capital, Beirut.
US President Joe Biden said the Iranian missile attack appeared to have been “defeated and ineffective”. The US Department of Defense confirmed its forces had helped shoot down missiles in support of its Middle East ally.
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said the majority of missiles were “intercepted by Israel and a defensive coalition led by the United States”.
UN secretary general Antonio Guterres condemned what he called the “broadening conflict in the Middle East”, adding: “This must stop. We absolutely need a ceasefire.”
There was support for Israel from allies including Britain, France, Japan and Australia – with UK Defence Secretary John Healey issuing a statement saying the armed forces “had played their part in attempts to prevent further escalation in the Middle East”.
The missile attack came hours after Israeli troops began an invasion of southern Lebanon to remove what the military said were “Hezbollah terror targets” in border villages that posed a threat to residents of northern Israel.
Israel has gone on the offensive against the Iran-backed Shia Islamist political and military organisation after almost a year of cross-border hostilities sparked by the war with Hamas in Gaza, saying it wants to ensure the safe return of residents of border areas displaced by Hezbollah rocket, drone and missile attacks.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9dyxxgxv1jo
Pre World war
US air strikes target several cities across Yemen
Attacks hit key port city of Hodeidah as well as the capital, Sanaa, Houthi-run media and US sources say.
The United States military has struck a number of cities in Yemen, including the capital, Sanaa, and the key port city of Hodeidah.
Forces from the US Central Command (CENTCOM), the military command responsible for US forces in the Middle East, “conducted strikes on 15 Houthi targets in Iranian-backed Houthi-controlled areas of Yemen today”, it said on X on Friday.
“These actions were taken to protect freedom of navigation and make international waters safer and more secure for US, coalition, and merchant vessels,” CENTCOM said in its post on X, adding that the strikes took place at around 1400GMT.
‘Yemen will not be deterred’
Israel has also struck Yemen with Israeli strikes on Hodeidah last month killing at least five people after the group said it targeted Israel’s Ben Gurion Airport with a missile.
The latest strikes came a day after the Houthis said they carried out a drone attack on Tel Aviv. The Israeli military said it intercepted “a suspicious aerial target” off central Israel overnight without giving further details.
The attacks also come just days after the Houthis threatened “escalating military operations” targeting Israel after they apparently shot down a US military drone flying over Yemen. And just last week, the group claimed responsibility for an attack targeting American warships.
It is a fact that the temperature of the sun will gradually decrease. One day it will become a dead star. The conversion of the sun into a dead star will mean a similar fate for its planets. The earth then will not be a congenial place to live. But the destruction of a particular planet or solar system does not mean the end of the human race. There are numerous other stars and planets in the universe. With the further development of science and with the help of interplanetary transportation, human beings will move to other planets. The dream of today will become the reality of tomorrow.
Shrii Shrii Anandamurti The Future of Civilization
THE END
September 21, 2024
Education
Geneva: Rajasthan NGO calls for global focus on education for peace at UNHRC
Geneva [Switzerland], September 18 (ANI): During the 57th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council, Hansraj Singh of Rajasthan, Samgrah Kalyan Sansthan, emphasised the critical role of education in fostering peace and tolerance.
Singh highlighted that every child deserves an education that not only provides knowledge but also nurtures empathy, respect, and understanding.
He stressed that in a world increasingly divided by conflict, prioritising education for peace is essential.
The NGO’s initiatives aim to promote these values among children in rural and underserved communities, focusing on dialogue, mutual respect, and non-violence.
Singh praised India’s efforts, including the Samagra Shiksha initiative and the work of Nobel laureate Kailash Satyarthi, in advancing education as a means to combat child exploitation and build a more peaceful world.
Singh urged the United Nations to integrate education for peace and tolerance into global educational systems, establishing a universal standard that upholds these values in every child’s education.
An Era of Chinese Adoption Ends, and Families Are Torn Over Its Legacy
China announced this month that it was halting nearly all foreign adoptions, marking the end of a program that forged several generations of American families. More than 82,000 Chinese children have been adopted in the United States since 1992, around the time the program began, according to the State Department.
Several of those adoptive families said they were glad that the program was coming to an end, recognizing that it was a glaring byproduct of a harsh policy restricting many Chinese families from having more than one child. Though most treasure their adoptive experience, many also see the program’s abuses and the underlying trauma that came from removing children from their birth parents and culture.
Many participating parents and adoptees described the phaseout as bittersweet. For tens of thousands of aspiring parents, particularly single people and gay couples, the program for years offered a relatively straightforward path to starting a family, free of the bureaucratic hurdles that often bogged down the adoption process elsewhere. It also provided an opportunity for Chinese children with special needs to receive the medical and financial support overseas that they needed to thrive.
China announced this month that it was halting nearly all foreign adoptions, marking the end of a program that forged several generations of American families. More than 82,000 Chinese children have been adopted in the United States since 1992, around the time the program began, according to the State Department.
Several of those adoptive families said they were glad that the program was coming to an end, recognizing that it was a glaring byproduct of a harsh policy restricting many Chinese families from having more than one child. Though most treasure their adoptive experience, many also see the program’s abuses and the underlying trauma that came from removing children from their birth parents and culture.
Many participating parents and adoptees described the phaseout as bittersweet. For tens of thousands of aspiring parents, particularly single people and gay couples, the program for years offered a relatively straightforward path to starting a family, free of the bureaucratic hurdles that often bogged down the adoption process elsewhere. It also provided an opportunity for Chinese children with special needs to receive the medical and financial support overseas that they needed to thrive.
The need for international adoption in China had also seemed obvious. Between the late 1970s and 2016, China limited many families to one child because of overpopulation concerns. Many of the orphans were baby girls who, adoptive parents were told, had been abandoned because of the harshly enforced one-child policy as well as the traditional Chinese preference for boys.
The program’s reputation was tarnished when reports emerged that some babies had been abducted by traffickers or seized by family planning officials during the enforcement of birth restrictions. The babies were then sold to orphanages, who marketed the children as orphans to unwitting foreign families who were willing to pay relatively large sums of money.
Environment
Critical crops’ alternative way to succeed in heat and drought
Source:University of Birmingham
Summary:Scientists discovered that certain plants can survive stressful, dry conditions by controlling water loss through their leaves without relying on their usual mechanism — tiny pores known as ‘stomata’.
Research reveals that some plants have an advantage in coping with dry and stressful conditions.
Scientists have discovered that certain plants can survive stressful, dry conditions by controlling water loss through their leaves without relying on their usual mechanism – tiny pores known as ‘stomata’.
Nonstomatal control of transpiration in maize, sorghum, and proso millet – all C4 crops which are critical for global food security – gives these plants an advantage in maintaining a beneficial microclimate for photosynthesis within their leaves.
This allows the plants to absorb carbon dioxide as part of the photosynthesis and growth process, despite raised temperatures and increased atmospheric demand for water without increasing the water expenditure.
Facebook owner Meta says it is banning several Russian state media networks, alleging they use deceptive tactics to conduct influence operations and avoid detection on its platforms.
“After careful consideration, we expanded our ongoing enforcement against Russian state media outlets. Rossiya Segodnya, RT and other related entities are now banned from our apps globally for foreign interference activity,” Meta said.
In a news bulletin, RT newsreader Eunan O’Neill said the broadcaster “and Russia as a whole denies the accusations that have been coming en masse against this channel and others in the past number of days”.
The bans are expected to come into effect in the next few days.
Russian state media outlets have come under increased scrutiny over claims they have tried to influence politics in Western countries.
Ukraine bans Telegram app on state-issued devices due to Russian threat
Ukraine has banned government officials, military personnel and other defence and critical infrastructure workers from installing the popular Telegram messaging app on state-issued devices, describing the move as necessary for national security during the war with Russia.
Ukraine’s National Cybersecurity Coordination Centre said it issued the ban for the official devices of government employees, military personnel, security and defence workers, and critical infrastructure employees. The ban was announced Friday by Ukraine’s Security and Defence Council in a statement on Facebook.
During a meeting on Thursday, the Security Service of Ukraine and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine said Telegram is actively used by Russia for cyberattacks, phishing, spreading malware, establishing user locations and calibrating missile strikes.
Technology
New nano-material lights up old fingerprints in CSI breakthrough
Fingerprints have long been a key clue for detectives and crime-stoppers.
And now there’s a new tool that could soon lift prints from old cases.
“What we’re hoping is that we’ll be able to get fingerprints that current powders can’t get.”
Nick Ross is a PhD student at the University of Leicester’s School of Chemistry, which is studying this flourescent nanomaterial in collaboration with other researchers from the UK and Brazil.
The fingerprints we leave behind are made of mostly water, in the form of sweat and natural oils. And they can evaporate in certain conditions, leaving little evidence behind.
Ross says dusting for prints using nanoparticles, which are much finer than most powders, means more detail can be captured.
And – less of the fingerprint residue is needed for the particles to stick to.
“We should be able to get fingerprints that maybe someone’s washed their hands more recently and they’ve touched something, but they’ve left less residue behind. But we’re going to be able to get that using a more sensitive powder.”
It also means a print’s owner could potentially be identified even years later.
The new material consists of a silica nanoparticle, a fluorescent dye and chitosan, which can obtained from powdered shrimp, crab or lobster shells.
NASA’s ‘Hidden Figures’ women awarded Congressional Gold Medals
On Wednesday (Sept. 18), the women as a group and four individuals who have come to represent their collective experiences were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, one of the highest civilian honors in the United States. As authorized by Congress, the medals were bestowed to Christine Darden and posthumously to Katherine Johnson, Mary Jackson and Dorothy Vaughan.
A separate Hidden Figures Congressional Gold Medal was also dedicated to all of the women who worked as mathematicians and engineers at NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) and NASA between the 1930s and 1970s.
“These women didn’t just crunch numbers and solve equations,” said Rep. Mike Johnson, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. “They actually laid the very foundation upon which our rockets launched and our astronauts flew and our nation soared.”
“So today, for all their contributions to the space program and to society, it is my great honor to award these women with a Congressional Gold Medal,” Johnson said.
Hosted by the Speaker, the ceremony brought together other representatives and senators, NASA officials and the families of Johnson, Jackson, Vaughan and Darden in Emancipation Hall at the Capitol in Washington. (Darden watched live from her home in Connecticut.)
“The remarkable things that NASA achieves and that America achieves build on the pioneers who came before us, people like the women of Mercury and Gemini and Apollo,” said Bill Nelson, NASA Administrator. “The women we honor today made it possible for earthlings to lift beyond the bounds of Earth.”
The honorees’ contributions to the space program were first brought forward in the 2016 book “Hidden Figures” by Margot Lee Shetterly, which in turn inspired the feature film by the same title starring Taraji P. Henson, Janelle Monáe and Octavia Spencer as Johnson, Jackson and Vaughan.
In support of the work of the Space Task Group, Johnson calculated trajectories for NASA’s early human spaceflights, including the suborbital launch of the first American in space, Alan Shepard, and the first flight of a U.S. astronaut into Earth orbit, John Glenn. Johnson, who died in 2020 at the age of 101, was the first woman in NASA’s flight research division to be credited as an author of a research report.
The Outrageous Scheme to Capture and Sell Greenland’s Meltwater
A startup says shipping meltwater from Greenland’s glaciers internationally will boost the local economy and could help ease water pressures in arid regions—but what does that actually mean for the world?
FRESH WATER IS becoming increasingly scarce in many countries, but not in Greenland. Its ice sheet contains around 6.5 percent of the world’s fresh water, and over 350 trillion liters are estimated to run into the ocean annually. And with climate change accelerating Arctic melting, more and more of Greenland’s water is set to flow off the island every year.
In some places facing water shortages, those very same water molecules are potentially being taken from the sea and turned back into fresh water using desalination, at large electrical and financial cost. This has inspired a startup to pursue an unusual and ambitious business venture that has been partially approved by the Greenland government—harvesting glacier meltwater and shipping it abroad.
“We have one of the world’s finest resources in this area and plenty of it, and we want to push that message out to investors and potential markets,” says Naaja H. Nathanielsen, Greenland’s minister for business and trade.
The startup behind the idea, Arctic Water Bank, plans to build a dam in South Greenland, capture meltwater, and then transport it around the world by boat in bulk water carriers. If all goes according to plan, the company says the project will be completely carbon-neutral and inflict minimal damage to the local environment.
“This is some of the cleanest water in the world. Anyone who has tried Greenlandic water knows that it’s pure, white gold,” says Samir Ben Tabib, cofounder and head of international relations at the startup.
Arctic Water Bank is first and foremost, Ben Tabib stresses, a business, but he believes it could also provide a service to Greenlanders and the wider world. He argues that his company will help the people of Greenland by leveraging the country’s natural resources and paying taxes on income generated from them, and it’s an ambition the government shares. “The goal is twofold,” says Nathanielsen. “It is about new sources of income for the national treasury, and local business development and the associated creation of jobs.”
In the long run, Ben Tabib says, Arctic Water Bank might even help mitigate the impending global water crisis. “It’s probably not something our little business can solve alone, but in Greenland, fresh water is a resource that is just washing into the sea.”
Pagers that exploded in Lebanon, Syria made by Budapest company, says Taiwan’s Gold Apollo
Hundreds of people were injured across Lebanon on Tuesday, September 17, when their pagers exploded, Health Minister Firass Abiad said. A source close to Hezbollah told news agency AFP that its members were targeted and that dozens of Hezbollah members were injured in the incident.
Reuters reported, citing sources, that Israel’s Mossad spy agency planted a small amount of explosives inside 5,000 Taiwan-made pagers ordered by Lebanese group Hezbollah months before Tuesday’s detonations. “The plot appears to have been many months in the making,” several sources told Reuters.
According to the Associated Press, on Wednesday, Taiwanese company Gold Apollo said the pagers that exploded in Lebanon and Syria were made by a company in Budapest.
1. Lebanese Health Minister Firass Abiad said at least nine people were killed and some 2,800 were injured in pager explosions across the country on Tuesday, September 17. Among those wounded was Iran’s ambassador to Lebanon.
2. The sons of Hezbollah lawmakers Ali Ammar and Hassan Fadlallah were among the dead, a source close to the group told AFP. “Hundreds of Hezbollah members were injured by the simultaneous explosion of their pagers” in the group’s strongholds in Beirut’s southern suburbs, in south Lebanon and in the eastern Bekaa Valley, a Hezbollah source said.
3. In neighbouring Syria, 14 people were wounded “after pagers used by Hezbollah exploded”, said a Britain-based war monitor, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
“We hold the Israeli enemy fully responsible for this criminal aggression,” Hezbollah said in a statement, adding that Israel “will certainly receive its just punishment for this sinful aggression”.
Israel planted explosives in Hezbollah’s Taiwan-made pagers, say sources
Israel’s Mossad spy agency planted a small amount of explosives inside 5,000 Taiwan-made pagers ordered by Lebanese group Hezbollah months before Tuesday’s detonations, a senior Lebanese security source and another source told Reuters.
The operation was an unprecedented Hezbollah security breach that saw thousands of pagers detonate across Lebanon, killing nine people and wounding nearly 3,000 others, including the group’s fighters and Iran’s envoy to Beirut.
“Very often we say that a particular individual or a particular community of people is badly exploited. Then, what we mean by “exploited” is this, that they are exploited in the economic stratum. But if we penetrate deeply into the matter, we shall discover that the exploitation has not been only in the economic stratum, but also in the other strata of human existence, in different forms, on various pretexts.”
Shri P R Sarkar
THE END
September 14, 2024
Education
International Literacy Association Releases 2024 Edition of Children’s Rights to Read Advocacy Manual
In recognition of International Literacy Day, September 8, the International Literacy Association (ILA) announced the next phase of its Children’s Rights to Read campaign, an initiative that continues ILA’s mission of promoting equitable access to literacies among individuals of all ages and diverse communities as a basic human right and a matter of social justice.
Children’s Rights to Read—which advocates for every child, everywhere, to have access to the education, opportunities and resources they need to read and be successful—was first launched in 2018. The list of 10 rights, including the right to diverse texts that offer opportunities for students to see authentic versions of themselves and others and the right to extended time set aside for reading, has been translated into 16 languages and has inspired similar campaigns around the world (such as the European Declaration of Digital Literacy as a Basic Right of Children).
This new phase—anchored by a 2024 edition of ILA’s Advocating for Children’s Rights to Read manual—aims to reignite global engagement with an emphasis on small-scale advocacy efforts. The manual provides actionable strategies for a range of audiences—everyone from classroom teachers and reading specialists to librarians and policymakers.
In addition to the manual, ILA has reintroduced a pledge to support Children’s Rights to Read, inviting educators, policymakers, literacy advocates, and community members to reaffirm their commitment to the 10 fundamental rights. To expand the campaign’s reach, signers are also invited to take the pledge and manual directly into their schools, communities and professional networks. Activating these signers as volunteers will play a crucial role in advocating for and protecting Children’s Rights to Read at the grassroots level.
“We are thrilled to bring new energy to our Children’s Rights to Read campaign,” said Nicola Wedderburn, executive director of ILA. “Literacy is the cornerstone not only of education but also of equity and social justice, and our renewed efforts will empower educators and advocates to work toward a world where every child can exercise their right to read.”
TikTok faces crucial court hearing that could decide fate in US
WASHINGTON, Sept 13 (Reuters) – TikTok and parent company ByteDance face a key court hearing on Monday in a legal battle seeking to block a law that could ban the app used by 170 million Americans as soon as Jan. 19.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia will hold oral arguments on the legal challenge, putting the fate of Chinese-owned TikTok in the middle of the final weeks of the 2024 presidential election.
Both Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris are active on TikTok seeking to court younger voters.
TikTok and ByteDance argue the law is unconstitutional and violates Americans’ free speech rights saying it is “a radical departure from this country’s tradition of championing an open Internet.”
Driven by worries among U.S. lawmakers that China could access data on Americans or spy on them with the app, the measure was passed overwhelmingly in the U.S. Congress in April just weeks after being introduced.
The White House and other advocates of the law said the measure is a challenge to Chinese-based ownership of the app, and not a move to eliminate TikTok.
The White House says it wants to see Chinese-based ownership ended on national security grounds, but not a ban on TikTok.
A 13-year-old schoolboy has built a Lego robot that can solve a Rubik’s cube.
Ruarcc, from St Malachy’s College in north Belfast (Belfast North is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons.), first took steps to create puzzle-solving robot prototypes in his second year at school, aged 12.
This was made possible after the school launched its creative digital technology hub (CDTH) last year.
His creation uses 5,000 lines of Python code and can solve the puzzle from any pre-set variation using colour sensors.
Following the launch of the creative digital technology hub, the college started a new Key Stage Three curriculum.
This included programming Lego robots, such as Ruarcc’s, using block-based coding.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c20rqyk27rvo
Health
No screens before age of two, Swedish health authority tells parents
Guidelines also stipulate teenagers should have no more than three hours of screen time a day
Children under the age of two should not be exposed to any screens whatsoever and teenagers should have no more than three hours of screen time a day, according to guidelines announced by health authorities in Sweden.
Parents and guardians should think about how they use screens with their children and tell them what they are doing on their phones when they use them in their presence, the advice says.
The guidelines, announced on Monday, mark the first time that Folkhälsomyndigheten, Sweden’s public health authority, has stipulated how parents should regulate screen time.
Screen use among two- to five-year-olds should be limited to a maximum of one hour, while children aged between six and 12 should not use screens for more than two hours. Among 13- to 18-year-olds, the limit is three hours.
This is a sharp reduction on the current average screen time figures among Swedish children and young people, which is estimated to be four hours a day for nine- to 12-year-olds and more than seven hours a day – not including schoolwork – for 17- and 18-year-olds.
“For far too long we have allowed screens and apps to steal time and attention at the cost of what we know is needed to feel well. We know that use of digital media can have negative health effects, including worsened sleep and symptoms of depression,” said the minister of social affairs, Jakob Forssmed.
“With these age-appropriate recommendations there is now an important support for children and young people, parents and other caregivers, for a more healthy, conscious and responsible use of screens and digital media.”
The health agency also recommended that children do not use screens before bedtime and that screens should not be allowed in bedrooms at night.
“Children’s health is paying the price for tech companies’ profits,” said Forssmed.
The guidelines, which are targeted at both adults and children, also include motivation and advice on how to think about the issue.
How farms are using ‘magic dust’ to capture carbon
Ryan Nelson sprinkles tonnes of “magic dust” across his farm near Culross, Fife. (Fife (Scottish Gaelic: Fìobha) is a county in the north east of Scotland)
The dust is crushed basalt – volcanic rock which can be found in abundance in quarries across the country.
The magic comes from its ability to both capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and help crops grow through a process known as enhanced rock weathering.
The dust is being given to farmers for free by a company which hopes to remove millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Ryan said: “It was on a croft and the crofter smashed up all the rock. The crop of fruit and vegetables that he was getting from this croft was remarkable.”
As well as storing carbon, basalt has been shown in trials to improve both crop yields and the quality of grazing for farmers.
Instead of capturing carbon over millennia, it takes a naturally occurring weathering process and accelerates it.
The rock is crushed up to maximise its exposure to the elements when it’s spread across agricultural land.
When it rains, the water droplets absorb small amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they fall to the ground.
Once the rain hits the rock a chemical reaction occurs which solidifies the carbon and removes it from the atmosphere.
A company called Undo is now offering basalt free to farmers and sends its own contractors to spread it on the land.
Because it captures carbon, the process is funded by carbon credits which big companies buy to offset their planet warming greenhouse gas emissions.
British Airways, Microsoft and McLaren Racing are among those funding the project.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg3legn80xo
Neo Humanism
California city approves industrial park next to one of Earth’s oldest trees
After months of deliberation, the city of Jurupa Valley approved a development next to an oak tree that is at least 13,000 years old.
One of the world’s oldest living organisms — which once sprouted next to giant ground sloths and other prehistoric creatures — will soon sit 550 feet from industrial buildings.
After months of debate that thrust the small city of Jurupa Valley, Calif., into the national spotlight, the city council approved a plan on Thursday night to build a development next to the Jurupa Oak, an ancient tree that has survived since the last ice age. The vote was 3-2.
“It’s shocking and sad to see the city fail to protect an ancient plant that is truly a wonder to behold,” Meredith Stevenson, an attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity, said in a statement.
Scientists have estimated that the Jurupa Oak, a species known as the Palmer’s oak, is between 13,000 and 18,000 years old — putting it in rare company as one of the oldest living plants in the world. Unlike traditional oak trees, this species reproduces by cloning itself, allowing it to make genetically identical sprouts aftehttps://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/09/06/california-jurupa-oak-development/r being burned in wildfire.
The development — a 1.4-square-mile project that includes 1,700 homes, an elementary school and a light industrial park — has been under discussion for years. The developer, Richland Communities, has argued that the tree will be protected by a 450-foot buffer from construction equipment and a 550-foot buffer from any buildings. The company will also fund a preserve in the immediate vicinity of the oak.
Tim Krantz, an environmental scientist and conservation director at the Wildlands Conservancy, argued that the 550-foot buffer was insufficient to protect the tree. Paving the surrounding hills, he pointed out, could also keep groundwater from flowing to the tree.
“One can still do this project and create all the jobs and still maintain this iconic tree,” Krantz said. “This should be on your city emblem.”
Russia’s central bank warns Western banks not to discriminate against Russian clients
MOSCOW, Sept 13 (Reuters) – Russia’s central bank has warned subsidiaries of Western banks that remain in Russia not to yield to pressure from Western regulators and discriminate against their Russian clients by denying them services, such as money transfers abroad.
Austria’s Raiffeisen Bank International’s (RBI) (RBIV.VI), and Italy’s UniCredit (CRDI.MI), are the biggest foreign banks still present in Russia even as Western regulators, including the European Central Bank, pressure them to pull out. Both are on the central bank’s list of systemically important banks. Hungary’s OTP also has operations in Russia.
A Russian court froze RBI’s shares in its local arm earlier this month, blocking the biggest Western bank in Russia from leaving. The Austrian bank stopped transferring money abroad for Russian clients from Sept. 1.
“We are seeing pressure,” central bank governor Elvira Nabiullina said at a briefing following a policy meeting.
“The subsidiaries of European and other foreign banks in Russia were established according to Russian law. Complying with the requirements of the ECB and adhering to the sanctions of foreign states contradicts the Russian laws and discriminates against their clients,” she said.
Nabiullina said the Russian regulator has issued directives to the subsidiaries of Western banks in Russia, prohibiting them from refusing to process foreign currency transfers or creating technical obstacles for such transfers.
Nabiullina accused the subsidiaries of Western banks of “segregation” among their Russian clients, providing services to some while arbitrarily denying them to others.
She said the regulator has also banned the subsidiaries from providing their head offices with information about Russian clients that could be used to discriminate against them.
Myanmar’s military chief says foreign aid needed after deadly floods
More than 235,000 people have been forced from their homes after floods and landslides caused by Typhoon Yagi.
Myanmar’s military chief has made a rare request for foreign aid, state media reported, to cope with deadly floods that have displaced hundreds of thousands of people who have already endured three years of civil war.
Floods and landslides caused by torrential rains brought by Typhoon Yagi, one of the deadliest storms to hit Asia this year, have killed at least 33 people, the government said, adding that more than 235,000 people have been forced from their homes.
Myanmar’s military has previously blocked or frustrated humanitarian assistance from abroad.
The Myanmar Now independent news publication put the death toll at 66 from Yagi, which has killed at least 300 people in Vietnam, Thailand, Laos and the Philippines.
Myanmar has been in turmoil since a military coup in February 2021 and violence has engulfed large parts of the impoverished country.
An armed rebellion, comprising new resistance groups and established ethnic minority armies, is challenging the well-armed military, amid a crippling economic crisis that could be exacerbated by the floods
More than three million people have already fled the country since February 2021.
About a third of Myanmar’s 55 million people require humanitarian assistance but many aid agencies, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, cannot operate in many areas due to security risks.
Last year, the military government suspended travel authorisations for aid groups trying to reach about a million victims of Cyclone Mocha that hit the west of the country. At the time the United Nations called the decision “unfathomable”.
North Korea fires ballistic missile toward sea, South Korea says
SEOUL, South Korea —
North Korea fired a ballistic missile toward the sea Thursday morning, South Korea’s military said, days after North Korean leader Kim Jong Un vowed to put his nuclear force fully ready for battle with its rivals.
South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff said in a brief statement that the launch took place off North Korea’s eastern coast but gave no details, such as how far the weapon traveled.
Japan’s prime minister’s office also alerted on its X account that North Korea had launched a suspected ballistic missile, but it did not provide details.
The launch was North Korea’s first public weapons firing in more than two months. On July 1, North Korea claimed to have tested a new tactical weapon capable of delivering a “super-large” 4.5 ton-class warhead.
In a speech Monday, Kim said he would redouble efforts to make his nuclear force fully ready for combat with the United States and its allies. He said North Korea faced “a grave threat” because of what he called “the reckless expansion” of a U.S.-led regional military bloc that is now developing into a nuclear-based one.
Kim has made similar vows numerous times, but his latest threat came as outside experts believe North Korea will perform a nuclear test explosion or long-range missile test-launches ahead of the U.S. presidential election in November.
Last week, North Korea also resumed launches of trash-carrying balloons toward South Korea.
Since 2022, North Korea has significantly accelerated its weapons testing in a bid to perfect its capabilities to launch strikes on the U.S. and South Korea. The U.S. and South Korea have responded by expanding military drills that North Korea calls invasion rehearsals.
Last month, Kim had held off from missile tests or other provocative military demonstrations as the United States and South Korea conducted large-scale summertime military exercises. North Korea issued statements berating the allies for raising tensions.
Prabhata samgiita is a body of 5018 songs composed by Shri Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, the propounder of Progressive Untilization Theory (PROUT). The collection contains songs for multifarious occasions here in are songs of devotion, songs of spiritual awakening, songs of nature, songs of social resurgence, folks songs, children’s songs, ballad etc.. Prabhata Samgiita represents a perfect blending of oriental Indian Classical music with Persian, Scandinavian, Middle eastern, Chinese and other important musical styles of the world. With each passing year of this decade .Prabhata Samgiita has reached new levels of popularity, and many luminaries in the musical world are now actively participating in the recording of Prabhata Samgiitaalbums.
THE END
September 7, 2024
Education
Report on Pakistan’s education crisis: More than 36% of children out of school
A staggering 25.3 million children aged 5 to 16 are currently out of school in Pakistan, representing 36% of the country’s school-age population.
The alarming figures are highlighted in a report titled The Missing Third of Pakistan, released by the Pak Alliance for Maths and Science (PAMS).
This report marks the first comprehensive analysis of out-of-school children (OOSC) at the tehsil level, based on data from the 2023 Population Census.
The report paints a grim picture of the country’s education system, with a significant majority of these children – 74% – residing in rural areas.
Efforts to increase enrollment in these regions face considerable challenges, including limited access to schools, poverty, and social barriers.
The data shows that the rural-urban divide in educational access is widening, with approximately 18.8 million out-of-school children living in rural areas alone.
Children aged 5 to 9 are particularly vulnerable, with 51% of this age group never having enrolled in school.
Even more concerning, over 50% of these children have dropped out or are no longer attending school.
These early setbacks are likely to have long-lasting impacts on literacy rates, as foundational educational skills are typically acquired at this stage.
The delay in enrollment is a major issue, especially in rural communities, where economic pressures and limited infrastructure prevent many children from entering the classroom.
In some tehsils, more than 80% of girls aged 5 to 16 have never attended school, highlighting the deep-rooted gender inequality in educational access.
This gap in educational attainment between boys and girls is widening, with cultural and socio-economic factors often preventing girls from pursuing education.
Urban centres, typically considered better equipped for education, are not immune to the problem.
Cities like Karachi and Lahore, dhttps://tribune.com.pk/story/2494052/report-on-pakistans-education-crisis-more-than-36-of-children-out-of-schoolespite being provincial capitals with more educational resources, still house significant numbers of out-of-school children.
Karachi alone accounts for nearly 1.8 million children who are not enrolled in school, further underscoring the gravity of the crisis.
Something exploded behind the Sun. Venus is in the firing line
A mysterious explosion occurred behind the sun’s southeastern limb on September 1, launching a significant coronal mass ejection (CME) into space.
This massive burst of solar material is not directed at Earth, but rather has set its sights on Venus, with Nasa predicting it will strike the planet on Tuesday, September 3.
This marks the third CME to hit Venus in just a few days, gradually eroding the planet’s cloudtops, which lack the protective magnetic field found on Earth.
The explosion that produced this CME was detected as a category M5.5 flare, yet experts believe it could have been even stronger, possibly reaching X-class intensity. The true magnitude remains uncertain due to the blast site being obscured by the sun’s edge.
A complex sunspot is now emerging over the sun’s southeastern limb, potentially the source of this powerful eruption. As it rotates toward Earth, scientists are closely monitoring its activity, though our planet’s magnetic field is expected to remain calm for the next few days since no Earth-directed CMEs are currently anticipated.
The recent series of CMEs heading toward Venus highlights the dynamic and unpredictable nature of solar activity.
Unlike Earth, Venus lacks a substantial magnetic field to shield it from such solar events, making its atmosphere more vulnerable to erosion by solar wind and CMEs. This ongoing bombardment could have long-term implications for Venus’s atmospheric composition and structure.
This period of heightened activity underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and research to understand the sun’s behavior and its effects on the solar system.
Tech layoffs 2024: Tech companies lay off over 27,000 employees in August
Tech industry has seen over 136,000 tech professionals laid off across 422 companies
The tech sector witnessed a significant increase in job losses in August, with over 27,000 employees affected. Major tech firms, including Intel, IBM, and Cisco, along with more than 40 smaller startups, announced substantial layoffs. So far this year, the industry has seen over 136,000 tech professionals laid off across 422 companies.
Tech layoff: Intel cuts 15,000 jobs
August 2024 tech layoff: Cisco to lay off around 6,000 employees
IBM lays off 1,000 employees
Tech layoff 2024: GoPro lays off 140 employees
Apple lays off 100 employees
Dell cuts jobs in sales teams
On Thursday, Intel announced in a memo to its employees that it will be cutting 15,000 jobs, representing more than 15 per cent of its total workforce. This decision is part of a broader strategy to reduce spending by $10 billion by 2025, following a poor earnings report and outlook for the second quarter. Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Pat Gelsinger attributed the company’s revenue growth issues to high expenses and narrow profit margins, despite Intel’s historical dominance in the CPU chip market over the past 25 years.
Putin aide ‘crazy’ about eternal life orders research on anti-ageing treatments
Russian scientists are working on new anti-ageing treatments on the orders of a close aide of President Putin, who is reportedly consumed by the idea of eternal life.
Research institutes have been ordered to report on efforts to combat cellular ageing and osteoporosis, cognitive and sensory disorders and to boost immune systems.
The Russian leader is due to turn 72 in October.
3D bioprinting, a technology which scientists hope will enable organs and tissue to be ‘printed’, is also a keen interest of the health ministry.
Kovalchuk is the chief of the Kurchatov nuclear research institute and a senior member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who is overseeing a state-backed research programme into genetics, the Times reported.
The Kremlin source said Kovalchuk “ran to the president [with the idea]” of the programme,
A source at the national medical research centre indicated that either Putin or Kovalchuk was pushing for research into prolonging lifespans, saying the “big boss” set the task while the officials “rushed to implement it in every possible way”.
According to one researcher, scientists have been “asked to urgently send all our developments” on the work ordered by Kovalchuk.
YouTube terminating Tenet Media channel after US indictment
YouTube said on Thursday it was terminating the Tenet Media channel and four channels operated by Tenet owner Lauren Chen, following an indictment from the U.S. Department of Justice.
The Justice Department on Wednesday filed money-laundering charges against two employees of Russian state media network RT for what officials said was a scheme to hire an American company to produce online content to influence the 2024 presidential election.
Justice Department officials said the two employees used shell companies and fake personas to pay $10 million to an unnamed Tennessee company to produce online videos aimed at amplifying political divisions in the United States.
Though the company is not named in the indictment, details provided in court filings match up with Tenet Media, a Nashville-based company that has posted nearly 2,000 videos to YouTube in less than a year.
This chemical-free method for treating seeds is winning over sceptical farmers in Sweden and beyond
Heat-treated seeds could offer farmers a chemical-free solution for pest control.
Typically, seeds are treated with chemicals to keep them healthy and kill pests, but this does not align with organic farming principles.
‘ThermoSeed’, an invention by former researcher Kenneth Alness, offers a sustainable alternative. It uses sharp blasts of steam, which kill pests and preserve the seeds.
The innovation has already been a success in Alness’s home country Sweden and neighbouring Norway.
How do steam-treated seeds benefit the environment?
Farmers who have tried the seed-treating method have praised its benefits to the environment and working conditions.
Farmer Gustaf Silén notes the absence of dust, a common issue with chemically treated seeds that can be harmful when inhaled during sowing.
“The bags with the seed, when you open them, can be quite dusty and you get this all over you. That is not the case with ThermoSeed – it’s much easier to handle,” he says.
Silén also highlights that leftover steam-treated seeds can be used as cattle feed or resold, unlike chemically treated seeds, which must be disposed of at a cost.
ThermoSeed is the brainchild of Kenneth Alness who has devoted his life to developing a chemical-free method to keep seeds healthy.
“Farmers in general are often sceptical of the non-chemical solutions,” Bjørn Stabbetorp, CEO of the Agricultural Division of Felleskjøpet, explains. “Chemicals have been a very good and effective solution for a number of problems.
“Non-chemical solutions have to really prove that they are competitive before the farmers are convinced. We put a lot of effort into this when we were introducing the ThermoSeed. And it has really worked very well.”
Alness has no plans to retire. Instead, he is focused on addressing the challenges that remain, such as the high cost of ThermoSeed equipment and the need for a scaled-down version of the machine to serve smaller markets, particularly in Asia.
Having sold the ThermoSeed license to Lantmännen BioAgri, Alness is now working on developing a more accessible, smaller version of the technology.
Israel-Gaza war – as it happened: Benjamin Netanyahu says he asked families of hostages for forgiveness as he holds press conference
The US president, Joe Biden, said that a “final” deal for the release of hostages held by Hamas in Gaza was “very close” but that he did not think the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, was doing enough to secure such an agreement. Netanyahu, in a press conference, said he did not believe that Biden made those comments.
Netanyahu, in a news conference, insisted that Israeli forces must retain control over the Philadelphi Corridor along the Egypt-Gaza border, which has emerged as a primary sticking point in Gaza ceasefire talks.
Protests against the Israeli leader’s government suffered a blow when a court ordered an early end to a general strike. Israel’s biggest trade union, Histadrut, said hundreds of thousands of people joined its strike. Israel’s labour court ruled that the strike, which affected many businesses, schools and transport routes, had to end at 14:30 local time (12:30 BST). It was due to finish at 18:00 local time (16:00 BST).
The demonstrations were prompted by the discovery of the bodies of six hostages in Gaza, and brought tens of thousands of Israelis out on to the streets to protest against the government’s handling of the war in Gaza and efforts to release dozens of hostages who remain in captivity.
Ben Gurion international airport near Tel Aviv saw some flights delayed, and none at all for two hours leading up to 10am. Tel Aviv and the northern coastal city of Haifa heeded the strike calls, but not all municipalities slowed down or ceased their activities.
Further protests took place outside Netanyahu’s residences in Jerusalem and Caesarea.
At least 40,786 Palestinian people have been killed and 94,224 injured in Israeli strikes on Gaza since 7 October, the Gaza health ministry said in a statement. The toll included 48 deaths in the previous 24 hours.
The UK moved to immediately suspend 30 arms export licences to Israel after a review by the new Labour government found a “clear risk” that UK arms may be used in serious violation of humanitarian law relating to the treatment of Palestinian detainees and the supply of aid to Gaza.
Gaza health officials said an Israeli airstrike targeting a group of police officers in a school sheltering displaced Palestinians killed at least 11 people on Sunday.
The UK will send hundreds more short-range missiles to Ukraine, it was announced ahead of a summit where Volodymyr Zelensky asked for authorisation to strike targets deep inside Russia with Western-supplied weapons.
The Ukrainian president made another impassioned plea for further military support during the opening stages of the summit at the Ramstein air base in Germany on Friday.
He said the eastern region of Donetsk, where Kyiv’s forces are facing Russian attacks, in particular depended on the swift delivery of aid.
Also at the summit is UK Defence Secretary John Healey who will confirm the £162 million package, which includes the supply of 650 Lightweight Multirole Missiles (LMM).
He said the new package would give an “important boost” to Ukraine’s air defences and show the government was “stepping up” its support.
But Prof Michael Clark, the former director-general of the defence and security think tank Royal United Services Institute, told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme the supply would likely be “exhausted within a couple of months”.
He said Ukraine needed “more of everything at the moment” given the intensity of Russian advances and bombardments.
Lightweight with precision guidance, LMMs have low collateral damage and a range of more than 6km (3.7 miles), according to manufacturer Thales. Hundreds have already been delivered to Ukraine.
In July, UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer committed to sending £3bn a year to Ukraine for as long as needed.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjw3x8926l6o
Editors Note
You people of today are more enlightened. Your intellectual capacity is no less than anyone elseʼs. That is why you should write a new history of the human race by your collective endeavour. The history that you will write in future must unequivocally reflect such important factors as how human society has evolved through trials and tribulations; what difficulties were confronted and how human beings overcame them and moved towards their goal with firm steps; and how even today they are advancing by solving numerous problems.
Shri P R Sarkar
28 February 1980
Source: What Should History Be Like?
Published in : Discourses on Neohumanist Education
THE END
August 31, 2024
Education
AUSTRALIA
Some anger, some relief over international student cap
The Albanese government’s proposed cap on international student numbers starting in the upcoming academic year has predictably drawn strong criticism, specifically from highly ranked urban universities and international higher education stakeholders.
But it has also found some support among smaller, regional institutions that stand to gain from it.
Minister for Education Jason Clare announced on Tuesday that the overall number of international students starting a course next year will be set at 270,000 including higher education courses and vocational education and training courses.
The proposal followed two days of public hearings for the Senate Committee’s Inquiry into the Education Services for Overseas Students Amendment (Quality and Integrity) Bill 2024 [Provisions] that will release its report on 6 September.
Individual institutional caps
As per the proposed strategy, each of Australia’s 1,400 universities and colleges registered to teach overseas students would have a specific cap on its enrolment limits.
“For some universities, some big universities, it will be lower than it was last year. For some of the smaller universities, some of the universities that have been hit hard by Ministerial Direction 107, it will be higher next year than it is this year,” he said.
Why Relief Agencies Are Rushing Polio Vaccines to Gaza
A vaccine-derived polio case recently confirmed in Gaza has led to a two-round vaccination campaign targeting 640,000 kids set to begin this weekend in the war-torn region.
Israel and Hamas have agreed to a phased, limited 3-day pause in fighting to facilitate the vaccinations, beginning September 1.
According to this week’s report from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), one circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) case was identified earlier this month in Gaza, the first case in 25 years.
Six cVDPV2-positive environmental samples have been reported in Gaza this year.
Today, World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General Tedros NAME said on X, “We welcome the commitment to humanitarian pauses in specific areas, and suspension of evacuation orders for the implementation of the campaign. But the only lasting medicine is peace. The only way to fully protect all the children of Gaza is a ceasefire.”
We welcome the commitment to humanitarian pauses in specific areas, and suspension of evacuation orders for the implementation of the campaign.
1.2 million vaccine doses ready in Gaza
Tedros said today during WHO’s weekly briefing that more than 1.2 million doses of vaccine have been delivered to Gaza, and 2,180 healthcare workers and community outreach workers have been trained in vaccination strategies. Tedros said the goal is 90% vaccination coverage during each round of the campaign
In other polio news, the GPEI noted more wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) cases in both Afghanistan and Pakistan.
In Afghanistan, four WPV1 cases were reported in Kandahar, raising this year’s total to 17 cases. In Pakistan, two WPV1 cases were reported in Balochistan and Sindh, with 16 cases reported so far this year.
Chad, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Sudan also recorded cases, all cVDPV2.
Agriculture
Agtech seedlings: Google gets into climate smart agriculture with water conservation partnership
Google accelerates water conservation with Arable
Google is linking up with crop technology provider Arable in a new partnership to help farmers in southwest Nebraska, in United states conserve water.
The collaboration will provide farmers with Arable’s field monitoring technology to get real-time visibility of the water requirements of their crops, which then can be used to make decisions optimizing irrigation, according to a release.
Google is funding the deployment of Arable’s tech across 25,000 acres in the Twin Platte Natural Resources District in southwestern Nebraska, while Arable will monitor the success of the program and provide farmers with training.
The partnership ultimately aims to reduce groundwater pumping from the Platte River system, which has experienced drought, pollution and rising salinity levels over the years as a consequence of overuse.
Google has made water conservation a central pillar of its corporate sustainability goals, setting a target of replenishing more water than it consumes by 2030. The company is investing $1.2 billion in a Nebraska data center, which uses water as part of the cooling process.
Former U.S. Navy Seal Jonny Kim will be 1st Korean-American astronaut on ISS in March 2025
NASA astronaut Jonny Kim, a former U.S. Navy SEAL, will be the first Korean-American astronaut to perform a long-duration mission.
Kim will spend eight months on the International Space Station (ISS), starting in March 2025, as part of the Expedition 72 and 73 crews, NASA officials announced Wednesday (Aug. 28). He will fly to space aboard the Russian Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft alongside Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritsky; the cosmonauts’ assignments were announced in TASS (Russian state media) last week via Roscosmos, the Russian space agency.
How All-Female ‘Juries of Matrons’ Shaped Legal History
For more than 700 years, women in England could avoid the death penalty just by virtue of being pregnant. A pregnant woman sentenced to death would receive a stay of execution until the baby was born. This tactic was called “pleading the belly” and often resulted in the death sentence being reduced to a less severe penalty once the pregnancy was over.
Of course, anyone can say they’re pregnant without actually being with child. So how did courts determine whether the claim was true?
Until the early 20th century, it was standard practice to assemble all-female juries, called “juries of matrons,” to determine whether a woman was pregnant and could therefore avoid hanging for capital offenses.
Exploring the history of these juries reveals how the roles of women in our legal systems have changed over time. It also shows a shift in beliefs about who is an expert on the female body—and who gets to make decisions about women’s lives.
Highly regarded medical experts
All-female juries existed as early as 1140 in England and persisted until 1931. Their role in the courts was highly regarded. They were medical experts. If they found the woman was “quick with child” (pregnant), their findings were not disputed.
In addition to determining whether a woman was pregnant, these juries helped evaluate inheritance claims, examined women to determine whether they bore the physical marks of witchcraft and decide whether women accused of infanticide had given birth. They provided expert medical testimony for the courts but were not necessarily midwives.
As soon as French authorities arrested Pavel Durov, founder and CEO of Telegram, the far-right landscape in the U.S. began to buzz with concern about losing its preferred communication platform.
Telegram, the messaging and social media app, is used for mainstream communication across much of Eastern Europe and other continents. But in the United States, Telegram is an outlier.
Pavel’s arrest and charges in a wide range of crimes – related to Telegram’s alleged complicity in allowing users to trade in child pornography, drugs and money laundering – left those same users speculating about a possible upheaval.
German court upholds conviction of 99-year-old former Nazi camp secretary
A German court has rejected an appeal by a 99-year-old woman who was convicted of being an accessory to more than 10,000 murders in her role as a secretary to the SS commander of the Nazis’ Stutthof concentration camp during World War II.
The ruling on Tuesday by the Federal Court of Justice in Leipzig is final. It came four months before Irmgard Furchner’s two-year suspended sentence handed down by the Itzehoe Regional Court ends in December.
She was accused of being part of the apparatus that helped the camp near Danzig, now the Polish city of Gdansk, function.
Last month, Furchner’s lawyers cast doubt on whether she really was an accessory to crimes committed by the commander and other senior camp officials, and on whether she had truly been aware of what was going on at Stutthof.
In 2022, the Itzehoe court said that judges were convinced that Furchner “knew and, through her work as a stenographer in the commandant’s office of the Stutthof concentration camp from June 1, 1943, to April 1, 1945, deliberately supported the fact that 10,505 prisoners were cruelly killed by gassings, by hostile conditions in the camp”, by transportation to the Auschwitz death camp and by being sent on death marches at the end of the war.
Senior IMF official warns fragmentation in global economy could trigger ‘new Cold War’
Gita Gopinath, a senior International Monetary Fund (IMF) official warned during a speech in Colombia on Monday (Dec 11), that the world economy is on the brink of a second cold war, which could “annihilate” progress made since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The IMF’s first deputy managing director also said that the fragmentation in the global economy into power blocs, such as China the United States and Russia, could impact global output and wipe out trillions of dollars.
Notably, the Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the US and the Soviet Union, as well as their respective allies, between 1945 and 1991.
“If we descend into Cold War II, knowing the costs, we may not see mutually assured economic destruction. But we could see an annihilation of the gains from open trade,” told the International Economic Association in Medellin, Colombia.
She said that losses could reach 2.5 per cent to seven per cent of global gross domestic product if the world economy fragmented into two blocs.
“While there are no signs of broad-based retreat from globalisation, fault lines are emerging as geoeconomic fragmentation is increasingly a reality. If fragmentation deepens, we could find ourselves in a new Cold War,” she said.
As she warned the world, she urged the leaders to pull back from the brink and work towards shared economic priorities.
Her remarks came amid the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the war between Israel and Hamas, existing tensions between the US and China, and other conflicts which resulted in a slowdown in international trade.
“While there are no signs of broad-based retreat from globalisation, fault lines are emerging as geoeconomic fragmentation is increasingly a reality. If fragmentation deepens, we could find ourselves in a new cold war,” she said.
A Reuters report mentioned that China is no longer the largest US trading partner, with Mexico having assumed that role after years of increasing trade tensions and rising tariffs.
China’s share of US imports fell to 13 per cent in the first half of 2023 from 22 per cent in 2018. Around 3,000 trade-restrictive measures were imposed last year around the world – nearly three times the number imposed in 2019.
‘The costs could easily overwhelm benefits’
She said that such fragmentation has potentially serious consequences that could outweigh greater domestic economic resiliency and security.
Gopinath added, “If not properly managed, the costs could easily overwhelm these benefits, and potentially reverse nearly three decades of peace, integration, and growth that helped lift billions out of poverty.”
She said that the global fragmentation will make it harder to address common concerns such as climate change, and she urged governments to adopt “pragmatic” policies that preserve the benefits of free trade to the greatest extent possible.
Hostage held by Hamas in Gaza rescued by Israeli forces, IDF says
The Israeli military says commandos have rescued from an underground tunnel in Gaza a Bedouin Arab hostage who was kidnapped by Hamas during the 7 October attack on Israel.
Kaid Farhan Elkadi, 52, was rescued in a “complex operation in the southern Gaza Strip” by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and Shin Bet domestic security service, according to a statement.
No further details could be published “due to considerations of the safety of our hostages, the security of our forces, and national security”, it said.
Mr Elkadi – the eighth hostage rescued by Israeli forces since the start of the war in Gaza – is in a stable condition in hospital, where he is undergoing examinations.
Israel’s Haaretz newspaper reported that he managed to escape his captors before being rescued, and that the soldiers attempted to understand whether he had been held with other hostages.
Mr Elkadi’s brother, Hatam, told Haaretz that he was “a little thin”.
“We told him that everything is fine and that everyone is waiting for him outside,” he said.
“We’ve been waiting for this moment for a long time. We hope that all hostages will get this moment, that they will all experience the same excitement and joy,” he added. “May all the hostages return, and may all the families feel this feeling.”
Mr Elkadi, a father of 11 and grandfather of one, is from a Bedouin village in the Rahat area of the Negev desert.
He worked for many years as a security guard at Kibbutz Magen, close to the Israel-Gaza border, where he was abducted 10 months ago.
IDF spokesman Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari said in a video announcement that he could not go into many details about the operation in which he was freed.
But he added that he could “share that Israeli commandos rescued [him] from an underground tunnel, following accurate intelligence”.
Footage released by the IDF showed Mr Elkadi sitting down, smiling and speaking to soldiers, including the commander of the 162nd Division, moments after his rescue.
A senior Israeli military official confirmed that troops were operating in “a complex underground system where hostages were suspected to be held”.
Mr Elkadi was alone in the tunnel when he was found by Israeli troops when he was rescued, the official added.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3w67w47eego
Editors’ Note
The status of women
From time immemorial, human beings have been framing laws and rules to govern themselves so that the fundamental rights of each individual are secured and all the members of society can live peacefully. Such laws have been framed from time to time by the ruling class. On examining these laws it is evident that the ruling class framed them, keeping their own interest as the uppermost consideration in their mind.
—Shrii Shrii Anandamurtii Source: The Awakening of Women
THE END
August 24, 2024
Education
The Book Bag That Binds Japanese Society
“In Japan, cultural expectations are repeatedly drilled into children at school and at home, with peer pressure playing as powerful a role as any particular authority or law. On the surface, at least, that can help Japanese society run smoothly.
During the coronavirus pandemic, for example, the government never mandatedmasks or lockdowns, yet the majority of residents wore face coverings in public and refrained from going out to crowded venues. Japanese tend to stand quietly in lines, obey traffic signals and clean up after themselves during sports and other events because they have been trained from kindergarten to do so. Carrying the bulky randoseru to school is “not even a rule imposed by anyone but a rule that everyone is upholding together,” said Shoko Fukushima, associate professor of education administration at the Chiba Institute of Technology.
On the first day of school this spring — the Japanese school year starts in April — flocks of eager first graders and their parents arrived for an entrance ceremony at Kitasuna Elementary School in the Koto neighborhood of eastern Tokyo. Seeking to capture an iconic moment mirrored across generations of Japanese family photo albums, the children, almost all of them carrying randoseru, lined up with their parents to pose for pictures in front of the school gate… Traditionally, the uniformity was even more pronounced, with boys carrying black randoseru and girls carrying red ones. In recent years, growing discussion of diversity and individuality has prompted retailers to offer the backpacks in a rainbow of colors and with some distinctive details like embroidered cartoon characters, animals or flowers, or inside liners made from different fabrics.
Still, a majority of boys today carry black randoseru, although lavender has overtaken red in popularity among girls, according to the Randoseru Association. And aside from the color variations and an increased capacity to accommodate more textbooks and digital tablets, the shape and structure of the bags have remained remarkably consistent over decades. The near totemic status of the randoseru dates back to the 19th century, during the Meiji era, when Japan transitioned from an isolated feudal kingdom to a modern nation navigating a new relationship with the outside world. The educational system helped unify a network of independent fiefs — with their own customs — into a single nation with a shared culture…”
Switzerland offers cash prize to get munitions out of lakes
For years the Swiss military used the lakes as dumping grounds for old munitions, believing they could be disposed of safely there.
In Lake Lucerne alone there are an estimated 3,300 tonnes of munition, and 4,500 tonnes in the waters of Neuchatel, which the Swiss air force used for bombing practice until 2021.
Some munitions are at depths of 150 to 220 metres, but others in Lake Neuchatel are just six or seven metres below the surface.
Now, the Swiss defence department is offering 50,000 francs (£45,000) in prize money for the best idea to get it out.
Double danger
The fact that so many rounds were dumped in Swiss lakes – Brienz being another of them – has been known about for decades, though people have asked questions about safety more recently.
Retired Swiss geologist Marcos Buser, who advised the government on this topic, wrote a research paper ten years ago warning of the dangers of the dumps.
The munitions pose two risks, he said. First, despite the fact it is underwater, there is still a risk of explosion, because in many cases “the army did not remove the fuses before dumping the munition”.
Then there’s water and soil contamination – there is a real chance that highly toxic TNT could pollute the lake water and the sediment.
The Swiss government acknowledges that factors including poor visibility, magnetic iron and individual ammunition weights “represent major challenges for environmentally friendly ammunition recovery”.
An assessment of possible recovery techniques in 2005 showed that all proposed solutions for ammunition recovery posed severe risks for the sensitive ecosystems of the lakes.
Politics
On frontline island, Taiwan president rejects China’s rule for freedom
KINMEN, Taiwan, – Taiwan wants to continue its free way of life and rejects being ruled by China’s Communist Party, Taiwan President Lai Ching-te said on Friday, visiting a frontline island between the two sides to mark a key battle with Chinese forces.
China’s military carried out another round of manoeuvres around Taiwan as Lai was making the comments, underscoring what Taiwan’s government views as Beijing’s ongoing efforts to undermine regional peace and stability.
Taiwan has controlled the Kinmen and Matsu islands, which lay just off the Chinese coast, since the defeated Republic of China government fled to Taipei in 1949 after losing a civil war with Mao Zedong’s communists. No peace treaty or armistice has ever been signed.
The scene of on-off fighting during the height of the Cold War, China’s coast guard has since February conducted regular patrols around Kinmen following the death of two Chinese people on a speedboat which Beijing blamed on Taipei.
Dhaka: In a dramatic turn of events, a retired judge of Bangladesh’s Supreme Court, Shamsuddin Chowdhury Manik, was detained by the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) late Friday while allegedly attempting to flee the country through the northeastern frontier in Sylhet. The incident marks a significant development amidst the ongoing political crisis that has engulfed Bangladesh following the collapse of Sheikh Hasina’s government on August 5.
Arrest at the Border
Manik, a former judge of the Supreme Court’s appellate division, was apprehended near the Kanaighat border in Sylhet as he tried to cross over into India. The BGB headquarters informed the media via SMS about the detention, stating that the former judge was held at a BGB outpost until midnight, according to reports from Prothom Alo.
Retired judge Manik came into limelight after he took part in a TV talk show and took then prime minister Sheikh Hasina’s side during the student protests.
High-Profile Arrests and Shelter in Cantonments
In addition to Judge Manik, several other prominent figures have been detained. Former law minister Anisul Huq and the ex-premier’s private sector affairs adviser Salman F Rahman were among the first to be arrested as they attempted to leave Dhaka via the Sadarghat river port. The Bangladesh Army has also provided shelter to several hundred leaders of Hasina’s Awami League, citing threats to their lives.
Other key arrests include former foreign minister Hassan Mahmud, former social welfare minister Dipu Moni, Workers Party chairman Rashed Khan Menon, and recently dismissed military and civil officials like major general Ziaul Hassan and rear admiral Mohammad Sohail. Even members of the media, such as TV journalist couple Farzana Rupa and her husband Shakil Ahmed, have been caught up in the crackdown.
Escalating Tensions
The political crisis in Bangladesh continues to intensify as the interim government and military seek to restore order. The detention of high-profile figures like Judge Manik underscores the volatility of the situation and the lengths to which authorities are going to prevent further destabilization.
Australia green lights world’s ‘largest’ solar hub
It is hoped that energy production will begin in 2030, providing four gigawatts of energy for domestic use.
SYDNEY: Australia approved on Wednesday plans for a massive solar and battery farm that would export energy to Singapore, a project billed as the “largest solar precinct in the world”.
Authorities announced environmental approvals for SunCable’s US$24 billion project in Australia’s remote north that is slated to power three million homes.
The project, which will include an array of panels, batteries and, eventually, a cable linking Australia with Singapore, is backed by tech billionaire and green activist Mike Cannon-Brookes.
“It will be the largest solar precinct in the world –- and heralds Australia as the world leader in green energy,” said Environment Minister Tanya Plibersek.
It is hoped that energy production will begin in 2030, providing four gigawatts of energy for domestic use.
Two more gigawatts would be sent to Singapore via undersea cable, supplying about 15 percent of the city-state’s needs.
SunCable Australia’s managing director Cameron Garnsworthy said the approval was “a landmark moment in the project’s journey”.
Numerous approval processes and other hurdles remain despite Wednesday’s green light.
The project depends on sign-offs from Singapore’s energy market authority, Indonesia’s government and Australian Indigenous communities.
Singapore’s energy market authority said in a statement it was in “discussions with Sun Cable on its proposal for electricity imports into Singapore” but did not provide further details.
Garnsworthy said: “SunCable will now focus its efforts on the next stage of planning to advance the project towards a final investment decision targeted by 2027.”
Chinese scientists use lunar soil to produce water, state media reports
In 2020, China’s Chang’e-5 mission retrieved lunar samples. Researchers have discovered that the minerals in this “moon soil” contain large amounts of hydrogen.
Chinese scientists have discovered a “brand-new method” of producing large quantities of water using lunar soil brought back from a 2020 expedition, state broadcaster CCTV reported on Thursday.
In 2020, China’s Chang’e-5 mission marked the first time humans had retrieved lunar samples in 44 years. Researchers from the state-run Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered that the minerals in this “moon soil” contain large amounts of hydrogen, which reacts with other elements when heated to very high temperatures, producing water vapor, CCTV reported.
“After three years of in-depth research and repeated verification, a brand-new method of using lunar soil to produce large amounts of water was discovered, which is expected to provide important design basis for the construction of future lunar scientific research stations and space stations,” said CCTV.
The discovery could have important implications for China’s decades-long project of building a permanent lunar outpost amid a U.S.-China race to find and mine the moon’s resources.
NASA head Bill Nelson has repeatedly raised the alarm about the rapid advances in China’s space program and the possibility of Beijing dominating the most resource-rich locations on the moon.
Using the new method, one metric tonne of lunar soil will be able to produce about 51 to 76 kilograms of water, equivalent to more than a hundred 500-millileter bottles of water, or the daily drinking water consumption of 50 people, the state broadcaster said.
How biogas can support the US strategy for reducing food waste
Anaerobic digestion can help drive progress on climate, but we have only just started to tap into the technology’s potential, writes the head of the American Biogas Council.
America wastes a whopping 92 billion pounds of food every year, with about 38% of the food going unsold or uneaten. This wasted food is responsible for 58% of landfill emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.
In mid-June, the White House released a plan to address both this waste and resulting greenhouse gas emissions in the “National Strategy for Reducing Food Loss and Waste and Recycling Organics.” The strategy, developed by the Department of Agriculture, Environmental Protection Agency and Food and Drug Administration, lays out a path for the United States to meet its goal of cutting food loss and waste in half by 2030.
One key solution the plan highlights to reduce methane emissions from food waste is biogas systems. These facilities use anaerobic digestion to capture the renewable energy potential of decomposable waste. Anaerobic digesters process food waste that would otherwise go to landfills and combustion facilities. They also use natural microbes to produce methane in a controlled environment, which can then be used to replace conventional natural gas to provide heat or electricity.
Biogas systems are an effective strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from landfills as well as from fossil fuels. Moreover, the processed material is rich in nutrients that plants love and may be used instead of synthetic fertilizer to create healthier soils.
Some state and national programs are providing funding or tax credits for investment in food-waste-to-renewable energy facilities, with more infrastructure slowly being built. The United States has 110 biogas facilities utilizing food waste to create renewable energy, with three added in 2023, according to the American Biogas Council. Yet the industry estimates that more than 2,000 food waste biogas systems could be built across the country. In other words, we are tapping into just 5% of the potential.
Vladimir Putin spends big—and sends Russia’s economy soaring
A Ukrainian incursion into Russia represents an enormous embarrassment for Vladimir Putin and his military leadership. Tens of thousands of residents have been evacuated after Ukrainian troops stormed across the border. The Russian armed forces, caught off guard, are being slow to respond. The rouble is slumping, as worries mount about the future of the war. Yet on the home front, at least, things look better than ever for Mr Putin. Despite sanctions and pariah status, Russia’s economy is growing strongly. It turns out that bacchanalian spending, at a time of war, really gets things going.
Consumer confidence, as measured by Russia’s statistical agency, is well above its average since Mr Putin assumed power 24 years ago. You might expect him to be goosing the numbers. But the Levada Centre, an independent pollster, finds equally startling trends (see chart 2). Only once in the past three decades has sentiment been higher. Russians’ confidence in their own financial situation, according to official data, recently jumped to an all-time high. They are more inclined to make big purchases, such as a car or a sofa, and restaurants are bursting. Last year Russians imported 18% more cognac than they did in 2019, according to our estimate, while spending 80% more on imports of sparkling wine. Sberbank, the country’s largest financial institution, notes that in June overall consumer spending rose by 20% year on year in nominal terms.
US sanctions hundreds of firms accused of supplying war machine for Russia
The US imposed sweeping sanctions Friday on hundreds of firms in Russia and across Europe, Asia and the Middle East, accusing them of providing products and services that enable Russia’s war effort and aiding its ability to evade sanctions.
Among those sanctioned by the Treasury Department were 60 Russian-based technology and defense companies, including three Russian financial tech companies. Also sanctioned were firms in Turkiye, France and Hong Kong that act as suppliers to Russia-based Promtekh, a wholesale distributor of transportation equipment, and an ammunition procurement network connected to Italian and Turkish nationals, who also face sanctions.
Friday’s action is the latest in a series of thousands of US sanctions that have been imposed on Russian firms and their suppliers in other nations since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The effectiveness of the sanctions has been questioned, especially as Russia has continued to support its economy by selling oil and gas on international markets.
Additionally, the State Department designated people and firms involved in Russia’s energy, metals and mining exports; drone production; subsidiaries of Russian state-owned nuclear energy corporation Rosatom; and people the US says were involved in kidnapping Ukrainian children and making them identify as Russian.
Mpox: Key facts about monkeypox virus and how it transmits as WHO declares global health emergency
Mpox spreads through direct contact with infectious lesions, contaminated objects, and animal interactions. Symptoms include rashes, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.
According to officials there are now two strains of the monkeypox virus spreading through Congo — the endemic form as well as a new and little-known offshoot. It is transmitting through sexual contact as well as other close contact – such as among children in displacement camps in parts of Congo – and has now moved from eastern Congo to Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi and Kenya.
How is mpox transmitted?
Mpox can be transmitted from person to person through direct contact with infectious skin or other lesions such as in the mouth or on genitals. Infection can also occur through use of contaminated objects such as clothing or linens or in a community setting such as tattoo parlours.
Animal to human transmission of mpox occurs from infected animals to humans from bites or scratches, or during activities such as hunting, skinning, trapping, cooking, playing with carcasses, or eating animals.
What are the symptoms?
Mpox symptoms can be seen 1 to 21 days after exposure. Common indicators include rashes, fever, sore throat, headache, muscle ache, back pain, low energy and swollen lymph nodes. The symptoms typically last typically last 2–4 weeks but be extended for people with a weakened immune system.
The WHO announcement comes mere days after a similar label from the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. A “public health emergency of international concern” is the highest form of alert that can be shared by the international health body.
Education International’s 10th World Congress makes a strong call for peace
Education union leaders meeting in Buenos Aires, Argentine for the 10th Education International World Congress have adopted several resolutions in solidarity with educators and students affected by war and armed conflict and that call for the protection of schools as safe sanctuaries. Unionists also highlighted the role of education in building world peace and justice and called on governments to prioritise education over military spending.
The effect of war on education and children
At the 10th World Congress, education unions warned about the global rise in armed conflict, noting that some states choose to ignore international laws that protect schools, education, and civilians, especially children. The destruction of school infrastructure undermines the provision of education and has long-term negative consequences for entire nations, fueling the cycle of poverty and inequality for generations.
Peace education
In another resolution, Education International member organisations reaffirmed their commitment to peace education, warning that while global military expenditure has reached record levels, 400 million children around the world are living in or fleeing conflict zones.
The education and wellbeing of children during periods of conflict
From Palestinian children unable to access even a basic education to Ukrainian children forced to learn online or in metro stations, from girls in Afghanistan who are forbidden from going to school to children at risk of being kidnapped from school by armed groups that operate in Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 222 million school-aged children are affected by crises and emergencies. 35% (78.2 million) of those children are out of school.
Teachers working in emergency contexts also face terrible circumstances. In addition to the threats to their personal safety, teachers working in areas of conflict face huge challenges in carrying out their role. The global teacher recruitment and retention crisis is particularly acute in areas of conflict.
The EI World Congress called for the urgent implementation of the UN Security Council resolution demanding an immediate and lasting ceasefire, along with the entry of aid into the Gaza Strip, the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, action to prevent forced displacement, and the recognition of the rights of Palestinian people.
Congress also stressed the imperative need to reopen the Rafah crossing, the only lifeline for more than 1.5 million vulnerable people, and to vastly increase humanitarian aid in order to prevent further suffering.
Through the resolution, education unionists also expressed their support for the two-state solution as a key step in building lasting peace.
The Thai parliament elected its youngest-ever prime minister, Paetongtarn Shinawatra, on Friday, just days after the dismissal of former Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin.
Why was Srettha Thavisin removed as prime minister?
Constitutional Court judges voted 6-3 this year to accept a petition submitted by 40 senators to remove Srettha, of the Pheu Thai Party.
The senators argued that Srettha’s appointment of Pichit fell short of ethical and moral standards.
Who is the new prime minister?
Paetongtarn, 37, is the youngest child of billionaire Thaksin, 75, founder of the Pheu Thai party, with which Srettha was also affiliated.
Paetongtarn was elected easily on Friday, as her party and its allies hold 314 out of 493 seats in parliament, and she required the vote of at least half of the current legislators to become prime minister.
She studied at the elite conservative institute, Chulalongkorn University, in Bangkok.
What is the political situation in Thailand?
Paetongtarn’s appointment has come amid a long-running battle between the pro-royalist military establishment and populist parties linked to the Pheu Thai party.
What are Paetongtarn’s policies?
When she campaigned for election as a prime ministerial candidate last year, Paetongtarn’s promises included lowering Bangkok’s public transportation fares, expanding healthcare coverage and doubling the minimum daily wage.
People leave New Zealand in record numbers as economy bites
Economists say New Zealanders frustrated by the cost of living, high interest rates and fewer job opportunities, are looking to Australia, the U.K. and elsewhere.
Data released by Statistics New Zealand on Tuesday showed that 1,31,200 people departed New Zealand in the year ended June 2024, provisionally the highest on record for an annual period. Around a third of these were headed to Australia.
While net migration, the number of those arriving minus those leaving, remains at high levels, economists also expect this to wane as the number of foreign nationals wanting to move to New Zealand falls due to the softer economy.
The data showed of those departing 80,174 were citizens, which was almost double the numbers seen leaving prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the pandemic, encouraged by the then government’s handling of the outbreak, New Zealanders living overseas returned home in historically high numbers.
But the love affair with the country of 5.3 million, is over for some. Economists say New Zealanders frustrated by the cost of living, high interest rates and fewer job opportunities, are looking to Australia, the U.K. and elsewhere.
New Zealand’s economy is struggling after the central bank hiked cash rates 521 basis points in its most aggressive tightening since the official cash rate was introduced in 1999. The economy annual growth of 0.2% in the first quarter, unemployment rose to 4.7% in the second quarter and inflation remains high at 3.3%.
Furthermore, Australia has been recruiting and offering relocation packages in areas such as nursing, policing and teaching where they have skill shortages attracting New Zealanders, who do not need visas to work there. At the same time, the New Zealand government has undertaken a significant downsizing of the country’s public service leaving many skilled worked looking for jobs.
That is the conclusion of scientists based on seismic data obtained by NASA’s robotic InSight lander during a mission that helped decipher the interior of Mars. The water, located about 7.2 to 12.4 miles (11.5 to 20 km) below the Martian surface, potentially offers conditions favorable to sustain microbial life, either in the past or now, the researchers said.
“At these depths, the crust is warm enough for water to exist as a liquid. At more shallow depths, the water would be frozen as ice,” said planetary scientist Vashan Wright of the University of California, San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography, lead author of the study published on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The Martian surface is cold and desolate today but once was warm and wet. That changed more than 3 billion years ago. The study suggests that much of the water that had been on the Martian surface did not escape into space, but rather filtered down into the crust.
“Early Mars had liquid water on its surface in rivers, lakes and possibly oceans. The crust on Mars could also have been full of water from very early in its history, too,” Mr. Manga said. “On Earth, groundwater underground infiltrated from the surface, and we expect this to be similar to the history of water on Mars. This must have occurred during a time when the upper crust was warmer than it is today.”
Water would be a vital resource if humankind ever is to place astronauts on the Martian surface or establish some sort of long-term settlement. Mars harbors water in the form of ice at its polar regions and in its subsurface. But the depth of the apparent underground liquid water would make it difficult to access.
Plant-based diets gain traction in the EU but culture and economy still shape food choices
A shift in diets is central to tackling obesity and climate change, according to Eric Lambin, a member of the European Commission’s Group of Chief Scientific Advisors.
EU member states are increasingly integrating climate change concerns into their dietary guidelines, but economic and cultural differences among countries continue to stand in the way of an EU-wide consensus on sustainable and healthy diets.
Last week, Austria became the latest EU country to update its dietary guidelines, incorporating climate impact and introducing separate recommendations for vegetarians.
“Current developments, especially the food system as a driver of climate change, require an expansion of the Austrian nutritional recommendations to include climate and health parameters,” said a statement published by the Austrian Ministry of Social Affairs, Health and Consumers on 25 July.
Vienna is not alone in seeking to balance sustainability with health when helping citizens navigate food options, as Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden have made similar moves in recent years.
Their approach is in line with that of the World Health Organisation (WHO), whose director-general, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, called for a shift to “more plant-based diets” at the COP28 UN Climate Change Conference in Dubai last December.
We are what we eat
According to the Rome-based Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), over 100 countries have developed national dietary guidelines to promote healthy eating patterns.
All EU nations have issued such documents, but they vary in their take on sustainability and product consumption, often influenced by local food cultures and traditions.
“What we eat has a lot to do not only with our culture and gastronomy but also with the society and economy in which we live,” Manuel Franco, a doctor and epidemiologist at the University of Alcalá (Spain) and the Johns Hopkins University (United States), said in an interview with Euractiv.
A good example is the varying recommendations on fish consumption across Europe.
While Austria’s updated guidelines suggest only one serving per week, Spain – the EU’s largest producer of fish – calls for at least three.
Franco said drafting dietary guidelines involves a “tension” between different parameters, such as the economy, health, and sustainability, leading to political decisions that may favour one aspect over another.
For instance, asking Spaniards to do with less fish for sustainability reasons would not be acceptable “either culturally or economically,” Franco noted.
Alcohol is another area where guidelines vary. Greece’s latest recommendations, from 2017, endorsed a “Mediterranean diet” that can include daily wine consumption “in moderation”.
“Sometimes decisions are made only by considering health (…), sometimes culture and gastronomy, and not science,” said the epidemiologist.
More – or less – plant-based
A common trend in revised dietary guidelines across the EU is a stronger emphasis on plant-based options at the expense of meat and dairy products.
According to Franco, efforts to reduce animal product intake is “a huge step forward” from a health and environmental perspective.
Austria’s revised recommendations advise limiting meat and fish to once a week, with an optional extra portion of either. This equates to 32.25 grams (gr) of meat per day – about three chicken nuggets per day.
Germany, like Austria, updated its guidelines in March to strongly favour plant-based foods. The message is clear: When it comes to meat and sausages, “less is more”.
Similarly, in 2015, the Netherlands recommended eating less “or no” meat and provided tips on becoming a vegetarian.
While the Dutch highlighted the sustainability of plant-based alternatives compared to meat and dairy, Italy took a more cautious approach in its 2018 guidelines.
Rome opted for “a few animal products”, noting that these are “still necessary” to avoid nutritional deficiencies.
Sweden and Denmark’s guidelines, from 2015 and 2021 respectively, also called on citizens to cut back on meat.
However, Stockholm pointed to trade-offs when reducing the consumption of dairy products.
“Butter has more of an impact on the environment than oils, but at the same time it can help bring about a rich agricultural landscape and biodiversity,” the guidelines stated.
Guidelines and society
Franco warned that as dietary guidelines evolve, it is crucial to ensure that society follows suit.He said investment in public procurement, especially school canteens, is the low-hanging fruit to bring healthy and sustainable diets closer to citizens.
The environmental NGO WWF Europe, which praised Austria’s initiative, also called for more public measures to encourage environment-friendly diets. The organisation suggested practical steps, such as price cuts for plant-based products and improving labelling on animal welfare conditions.
“Anyone who only relies on raising awareness will fail in this task. Politicians must face up to their responsibility instead of just outsourcing it to people,” the WWF said in a press release.
Franco highlighted the role of social justice in sustainability, emphasising that the best food options should be accessible to all citizens, regardless of their economic and social status.
“Diets and diet-related diseases in our countries today are still rooted in inequality and respond to a social gradient,” he noted.
The authorities have warned that the storm, which has already flooded some streets in the Tokyo area, could bring violent winds and cause landslides.
Typhoon Ampil neared eastern Japan with strong winds on Friday and dumped heavy rain on the greater Tokyo area, flooding some streets, forcing evacuations and causing widespread disruptions to businesses and travel.
The Japanese authorities have warned that the storm could bring violent wind, high waves and the risk of landslides. Ampil had maximum sustained winds of 132 miles per hour on Friday morning, similar in strength to a Category 4 hurricane, the U.S. Navy’s Joint Typhoon Warning Center said.
Ampil’s most powerful winds and heaviest rain were expected to reach Japan by Friday evening, though the storm was not expected to make landfall, forecasters said.
Up to eight inches of rain were forecast in the Tokyo area and the Izu Islands, south of the capital, for the 24-hour period starting Friday morning, the Japan Meterological Agency said.
Wind speeds of up to 56 m.p.h. were forecast in the Tokyo area, forecasters warned.
The agency on Friday issued flood, heavy rain and high wave warnings for the Izu Islands and areas around Tokyo, including Chiba, Fukushima and Shizuoka prefectures. Some of those warnings were expected to last into Saturday.
The city of Mobara, east of Tokyo, issued evacuation orders on Thursday for residents in areas prone to landslides and floods, citing the possibility of damage from the typhoon. The city also suspended its municipal buses on Friday.
Ampil has also disrupted Japan’s delivery system. Japan Post and Yamato Transport suspended operations in several prefectures. Sagawa Express said that delays caused by traffic restrictions and ferry and flight cancellations would affect areas as far as Hokkaido, in northern Japan.
Iranian Nobel Laureate Badly Beaten in Prison, Her Lawyer and Family Say
The Nobel Peace Prize laureate and Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi was violently beaten by prison guards last week after leading a protest against the death penalty, and her requests for hospital care and a meeting with her lawyer were denied, her lawyer said on Thursday.
The lawyer, Mostafa Nili, told Iranian news media about the violence against Ms. Mohammadi, raising concerns about the state of her health and well-being. He said that her cellmates had communicated her situation.
“My client says that she was beaten and has bruises on her body,” Mr. Nili was quoted as saying in the reformist-leaning Emtedad news outlet. “Despite the prison doctor’s orders, and considering my client’s heart condition,” he said, “she has not been sent to the hospital.”
Mr. Nili said that for the past nine months, the prison authorities had denied Ms. Mohammadi the right to make phone calls and to have visits with her family and lawyer.
From the women’s ward of the prison, she has organized workshops, talks, protests and sit-ins against the government’s human rights violations.
On Aug. 6, Ms. Mohammadi and other female prisoners staged a protest and chanted slogans against the planned execution of a Kurdish man, Reza Rasaei, 34, who was arrested during protests in 2022 and accused of having a role in the killing of a member of Iran’s security forces. He denied the allegations, and rights group said he had been convicted in “a sham trial.”
Ms. Mohammadi’s Instagram page also posted an audio from an earlier protest that she and other prisoners had staged that month against the death penalty. The women can be heard chanting, “Neither threats, nor repression, nor executions have any effect any more,” and “Death to the dictator.”
Their gathering on Aug. 6 turned violent, Ms. Mohammadi’s husband, Taghi Rahmani, and Mr. Nili said, when agents from the Intelligence Ministry who were stationed at the prison tried to quell their chanting and then anti-riot prison guards raided their protest in the prison yard. The women were violently beaten, pushed and shoved into their cells and locked inside, her husband said.
Ukraine has destroyed a strategically important bridge over the river Seym, as it continues its incursion into Russia’s Kursk region.
Russian officials have been quoted as saying the operation near the town of Glushkovo has cut off part of the local district.
The bridge was used by the Kremlin to supply its troops and its destruction could hamper their efforts.
President Volodymyr Zelensky said Ukrainian troops were strengthening their positions in Kursk, and called the captured territories an exchange fund, implying they could be swapped for Ukrainian regions occupied by Moscow.
Now in its second week, this is Ukraine’s deepest incursion into Russia since Moscow launched its full-scale invasion more than two years ago.
Ukraine’s surprise cross-border operation has resulted in more than 120,000 people fleeing to safety.
But amid Ukrainian claims of territorial gains, Kyiv has repeatedly maintained it does not wish to occupy Russia.
“Ukraine is not interested in occupying Russian territories,” a senior aide to Ukrainian President Zelensky said on Friday.
Mykhailo Podolyak said one of the key objectives they wanted out of their incursion into Russia was to get Moscow to negotiate “on our own terms”.
“In the Kursk region, we can clearly see how the military tool is being used objectively to persuade Russia to enter a fair negotiation process,” he wrote on X, adding Kyiv has proven “effective means of coercion”.
The head of the Ukrainian military, Oleksandr Syrsky, said on Friday that the offensive had made further progress.
“The troops of the offensive group continue to fight and have advanced in some areas from one to three kilometres towards the enemy,” he told President Zelensky in a video posted on social media.
Syrsky said he hoped to take “many prisoners” from a battle in the village of Mala Loknya, about 13km (8 miles) from the border.
As Ukraine’s advance continues, officials in Russia’s Belgorod region bordering Ukraine have said they will evacuate five villages starting on Monday.
“From 19 August, we are closing access to five settlements, removing residents and helping them bring out their property,” Belgorod governor Vyacheslav Gladkov wrote on the Telegram social messaging app, naming small villages near the border.
However, as Ukraine moves further into western Russian territory, Russian forces are equally making gains in Ukraine’s east.
On Friday, Moscow said its troops had captured Serhiivka, the latest in a string of towns claimed by Russian troops in recent weeks.
The latest advances bring the Russians closer to the city of Pokrovsk, a vital logistics hub that sits on a main road for supplies to Ukrainian troops along the eastern front.
Pokrovsk lies north-west of the Russian-held Donetsk region, which has been under Ukrainian fire since Friday morning, leaving several civilians injured.
A message from the head of the city’s military administration, Sergiy Dobryak, on Thursday, urged people to evacuate as Russia was “rapidly approaching the outskirts”.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c628gk68p3po
Editors’ Note
As people become more generous and broad-minded, they rise above the feelings of casteism, tribalism, provincialism and nationalism, which evoke narrowness, violence, hatred and meanness. Those who enter the field of social welfare with feelings of “mine” and “yours” actually create divisions in human society. Those who wish to foster the welfare of living beings as a whole have to embrace universalism as the only alternative. If we look upon everything as our own, the question of “mine” and “yours” will dissolve; in universalism there is no opportunity for violence, hatred or narrowness.
Shri P R Sarkar
Problems of the Day
THE END
August 10, 2024
Health
CEPI and WHO urge broader research strategy for countries to prepare for the next pandemic
The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the World Health Organization (WHO) today called on researchers and governments to strengthen and accelerate global research to prepare for the next pandemic.
They emphasized the importance of expanding research to encompass entire families of pathogens that can infect humans–regardless of their perceived pandemic risk–as well as focusing on individual pathogens. The approach proposes using prototype pathogens as guides or pathfinders to develop the knowledge base for entire pathogen families.
At the Global Pandemic Preparedness Summit 2024 held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, WHO R&D Blueprint for Epidemics issued a report urging a broader-based approach by researchers and countries. This approach aims to create broadly applicable knowledge, tools and countermeasures that can be rapidly adapted to emerging threats. This strategy also aims to speed up surveillance and research to understand how pathogens transmit and infect humans and how the immune system responds to them.
To facilitate this, WHO is engaging research institutions across the world to establish a Collaborative Open Research Consortium (CORC) for each pathogen family, with a WHO Collaborating Centre acting as the research hub for each family.
These CORCs around the world will involve researchers, developers, funders, regulators, trial experts and others, with the aim to promote greater research collaboration and equitable participation, particularly from places where the pathogens are known to or highly likely to circulate.
EPA issues emergency order to suspend use of pesticide Dacthal
For the first time in nearly 40 years, the Environmental Protection Agency issued an emergency order on Tuesday to suspend use of the pesticide dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate, also known as DCPA and Dacthal. “DCPA is so dangerous it needs to be removed from the market immediately,” said Michael Freedhoff, an EPA chemical safety official.
Dacthal is a pesticide used mainly to control weeds in crops such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and onions. The EPA acted while the chemical was undergoing a periodic review, required by law. AMVAC Chemical Corp. is the sole manufacturer of Dacthal.
The agency said Dacthal could cause changes to fetal thyroid hormone levels in pregnant women that were “generally linked to low birth weight, impaired brain development, decreased IQ, and impaired motor skills later in life, some of which may be irreversible.”
Maui wildfires scorched a 150-year-old banyan tree. Now, it’s healing.
Maui wildfires in 2023 scorched the historic banyan tree of Lahaina, but thanks to conservation and restoration efforts, parts of it are sprouting back to life.
August 8, 2024 at 8:01 a.m. EDT
One year ago, wildfires devastated the historic Maui town of Lahaina, once the royal capital of Hawaii, leaving one of its most iconic symbols, a more than 150-year-old banyan tree, battered — but not beaten.
Now, thanks to arborists who have worked for the past year to save the tree, parts of it are slowly healing. Long branches with “hundreds of leaves” are growing back, Duane Sparkman, chair of the Maui County Arborist Committee, told the Associated Press, adding, “It’s pretty amazing to see that much of the tree come back.”
The 60-foot tree — a beloved local landmark which conservation experts believe is the largest of its kind in the United States — appeared charred, lifeless and covered in ash in the aftermath of the August fires that killed at least 102 people. In recent photos, parts of the tree were once again covered in bushy green leaves — a positive sign of growth that is likely to add to local residents’ hope of recovery following the fire, whose effects continue to be felt.
After the fires, volunteers began to work toward the tree’s recovery, carefully tending to its soil, monitoring it for signs of growth and even providing it with what they call “tree-loving soup,” Hawaii Magazine reported earlier this month.
The “soup,” a concoction of nutrients made by landscaper Chris Imonti, was created as part of the local mission to recover the tree. “Like many others, I have a personal attachment to the tree,” Imonti told the magazine. “We’re taking it to heart to try to bring back the tree, to give some hope to Lahaina.”
Leaves began to sprout on the banyan tree shortly after the fire. Sharing footage of the progress last September, Maui’s Department of Land and Natural Resources celebrated “positive signs of long-term recovery” and acknowledged the work of arborists who volunteered to save the tree.
Maui County arborist Timothy Griffin told ABC News the initial signs of recovery appeared earlier than expected, bolstering hopes that the tree would survive. Still, about 40 percent of the tree died in the fire, ABC reported.
Sparkman told the AP that volunteers removed the branches that died in the fires to conserve the tree’s energy and allow it to grow new branches. They monitored the equivalent of the tree’s vital signs — levels of sap in its branches — using sensors, Sparkman said, likening the technology to a heart monitor. “As we’ve been treating the tree, the heartbeat’s getting stronger and stronger and stronger,” he told the AP.
The wildfires destroyed thousands of homes and damaged nature in Lahaina. But out of the ashes of that tragedy, some environmental activists believe there is an opportunity to invest in conservation and restoration efforts to preserve the island’s natural environment.
As The Washington Post reported, a growing group of Native Hawaiian leaders, local advocates and elected officials are working to restore the wetlands that were a landmark of pre-colonial Lahaina but were reduced or damaged by centuries of water-intensive farming and construction.
Poetry Was an Official Olympic Event for Nearly 40 Years. What Happened?
Pierre de Coubertin hoped the modern Games would encourage the ancient Greek notion of harmony between “muscle and mind”
At the ancient Olympics in Greece, athletes weren’t the only stars of the show. The spectacle also attracted poets, who recited their works for eager audiences. Competitors commissioned bigger names to write odes of their victories, which choruses performed at elaborate celebrations. Physical strength and literary prowess were inextricably linked.
Thousands of years later, this image appealed to Pierre de Coubertin, a French baron best known as the founder of the modern Olympics in 1896. But today’s Games bear little resemblance to Coubertin’s grand vision: He pictured a competition that would “reunite in the bonds of legitimate wedlock a long-divorced couple—muscle and mind.”
The baron believed that humanity had “lost all sense of eurythmy,” a word he used to describe the harmony of arts and athletics. The idea can be traced back to sources such as Plato’sRepublic, in which Socrates extolls the virtues of education that combines “gymnastic for the body and music for the soul.” Poets should become athletes, and athletes should try their hand at verse.
That philosophy was a driving force at the 1912 Stockholm Games, where organizers introduced five arts competitions as official Olympic events. Modern history’s first written work to win an Olympic gold medal was “Ode to Sport,” a prose poem by Georges Hohrod and M. Eschbach.
PM resigns as student protests become national uprising
Pressure from a four-week student movement that began peacefully in early July and evolved into an anti-government people’s uprising in Bangladesh has forced Bangladesh’s Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to step down and flee the country.
A wave of euphoria swept the capital Dhaka as news spread of Hasina’s resignation and hurried departure from the country, with hundreds of thousands of university students, along with people from all walks of life, taking to the streets in delight.
Some unruly mobs stormed the Prime Minister’s office, Prime Minister’s Official Residence and the National Parliament building, which were ransacked.
University World News’ correspondent saw thousands of people enter Ganabhaban, the official residence of the prime minister, taking selfies, and taking away chickens, fish, furniture, even parts of refrigerators, air conditioners, as well as books and other belongings.
Some told University World News they were taking them as ‘memorabilia’ to remember the momentous day.
“I can feel the goosebumps. We waited for this moment for many days. I was not able to talk freely, I was not allowed to cast my vote,” Rafat Alam, a Dhaka University student, told University World News.
With the main opposition party boycotting the January election, many students did not vote.
In a televised address to the nation on Monday afternoon Army Chief General Waker-Uz-Zaman said an interim government will be formed to run the country,
Later the same day, Bangladesh President Mohammed Shahabuddin held an emergency meeting with chiefs of the three armed services, representatives of various political parties and representatives of civil society at his official residence known as Bangabhaban on forming an ‘interim government’.
Shahabuddin said parliament will be dissolved soon and an interim government formed.
In his late-night television address, the President said everyone detained or arrested over the violence during recent student protests would be released and the families of those killed and injured will get compensation.
President Droupadi Murmu Addresses New Zealand International Education Conference
Speaking on the occasion, the President elaborated on the rich Indian tradition of pursuit of knowledge and the contemporary progress in the field of education, including the National Education Policy aimed at transforming the Indian education landscape by promoting multidisciplinary learning, critical thinking and global competitiveness.
She added that New Zealand is renowned for its high-quality education with focus on research & innovation, inclusivity and excellence. Many Indian students are gaining access to quality education at various institutions in New Zealand.
The President encouraged more educational exchanges and collaboration between our institutions, particularly in the fields of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, vocational and skills-based training, climate and environment studies, cultural exchange programs, research and innovation.
Prime Minister Christopher Luxon of New Zealand also called on the President. Both the leaders held discussions on various issues ranging from deepening of cultural ties to commitment for regional and global security.
Earlier, Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Winston Peters of New Zealand also called on President Droupadi Murmu. Both leaders acknowledged the progress in bilateral relations and deliberated upon ways of enhancing cooperation.
The President also paid floral tributes at the statue of Mahatma Gandhi at Wellington Railway Station and laid a wreath to pay tribute to martyred soldiers at the Pukeahu National War Memorial in Wellington. Governor General Dame Cindy Kiro joined the President on both occasions.
In the last official engagement in Wellington, President Droupadi Murmu attended a banquet hosted in her honour by Governor General Kiro.
In her remarks on the occasion, the President said that India and New Zealand have, over the years, developed a warm and friendly relationship anchored by shared values rooted in democracy and rule of law. We both value diversity and inclusiveness, which is evident in the multicultural fabric of our societies.
The President said that as we look to the future, there is immense potential to deepen our engagement and explore new avenues of cooperation with New Zealand. The fields of artificial intelligence, green technologies, agricultural technology, commercial space explorations offer exciting opportunities for collaboration.
The President was happy to note that in the global arena, India and New Zealand have consistently worked together to address pressing challenges such as climate change, sustainable development, and international peace and security.
The exceptionally warm and cordial interactions between the two leaders during the State Visit brought out a special connection and affinity between them. Governor General Dame Cindy Kiro is the first woman of Maori origin to hold the post, while President Murmu is the first woman President of India from a tribal community. The two leaders also share a common interest and experience in the field of education.
Space Perspective unveils mothership boat for stratospheric balloon trips
The first-ever “marine spaceport” is now complete and begins preparing for launches of balloons transporting tourists to the edge of space.
Space Perspective has announced the completion of its new “marine spaceport” where its stratospheric balloons will take intrepid tourists to the edge of space.The vessel, Marine Spaceport (MS) Voyager (named in commemoration of Voyager 1 interstellar probe mission), took two years to build. Space Perspective says it is the first-ever spaceport for human spaceflight that will be on open water, and will be located on the Space Coast of Florida.
Culture
Nine countries unite for Romania’s international folklore festival
Hundreds of dancers from nine countries attended the International Folklore Festival in Romania on Sunday.
Mexican guitars, Greek flutes, Czech violins and Romanian shouts could be heard at the opening of the 12th edition of the country’s international folklore festival.
It was held on the streets of the Aiud municipality in Central Romania’s Alba county.
Nine countries sent ensembles to represent them at the festival on the banks of the Mures river.
Most of the 300 dancers sent to show their talent and passion for folklore at the festival are in Romania for the first time.
Residents of Aiud look forward to this festival every year — especially because the ensembles differ each time.
The festival ended Sunday evening with a laureate’s gala after a weekend full of music and dances from performers gathered from around the world.
Chinese organ harvesting victim woke up chained to bed with parts of liver and lung missing
The first known survivor of China’s forced organ harvesting campaign against religious prisoners said he was now ready to speak out and expose the “evil” of the Chinese Communist Party.
Cheng Pei Ming, 58, who will talk publicly for the first time in Washington on Friday, described how he still feels “extreme pain” 20 years after parts of his lung and liver were forcibly removed.
“I believed they would kill me. I’m not sure they thought I could survive, but I did,” Mr Cheng told The Telegraph as he took off his shirt to expose a scar that wraps around his chest all the way to his back.
The movement swept across the country, but was outlawed in 1999 and then brutally suppressed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), which branded it an “evil cult” and a threat to the state.
Beijing has long viewed religious groups as a threat to social order and the party’s ideological grip on power.
In the decades after Falun Gong was banned and its followers were persecuted, China’s organ transplantation industry exploded. Vital organs became readily available within a matter of days in state-run hospitals – a timeframe no national transplantation system elsewhere in the world has ever been able to achieve.
In 2019, an independent tribunal in London ruled that the Chinese government continued to commit crimes against humanity by targeting minorities, including the Falun Gong movement, for organ harvesting.
The CCP has denied accusations of organ harvesting and repeatedly denied that Falun Gong practitioners have been killed for their organs.
But in 2021, UN human rights experts reported that along with Falun Gong practitioners, other minorities had been targeted, including Uyghurs, Tibetans, Muslims and Christians in detention in China.
Mr Cheng said he could not understand why they would crack down on a religion that promoted peace.
“Falun Gong teaches people to be good and to have compassion and empathy for all people. We mean no harm to society, the persecution against us should have never happened,” he said.
After 14 years of evading Chinese authorities, including five years in Thailand where he was granted UN refugee status, Mr Cheng reached the US in July 2020.
Mr Cheng was first arrested in September 1999. He said he was tortured and told to give up his faith and that when he refused he was expelled along with his family from his home in the eastern province of Shandong.
In the years that followed, he was “kidnapped by the CCP” five times, each time suffering “unbearable” torture, he said.
“I remembered asking: ‘Why don’t you kill me instead?’ And they said: ‘It is too easy, we get great pleasure in torturing you’,” Mr Cheng said.
In 2002, he was sentenced to eight years in jail. He recalled seeing other Falun Gong inmates disappear. Some were sent to so-called “re-education” labour camps; others were tortured to death.
In July 2004, Mr Cheng said he was dragged into a hospital where agents from the CCP’s infamous 610 office – dubbed “China’s gestapo” – tried to make him sign consent forms. When he refused, they knocked him down and put him to sleep.
His family was told that he was undergoing surgery and had a 20 per cent chance of survival.
Israel-Hamas Conflict: Airlines To Stop Flights To Key Cities In Middle East
Concerns over escalating tensions in the Middle East have prompted several international airlines to suspend their flights to the region. Among them, Air India has announced an indefinite halt to its services to and from Tel Aviv. The suspension, effective immediately, was implemented due to heightened conflict between Iran and Israel.
Air India, in a statement on X, said, “In light of the current situation in parts of the Middle East, we have suspended our flights to and from Tel Aviv with immediate effect.” This decision follows increased tensions after the assassination of key leaders from militant groups Hamas and Hezbollah, which has fueled fears of a broader regional conflict.
Other airlines have also adjusted their flight schedules in response to the deteriorating situation. Air France has extended its suspension of flights between Paris and Beirut until August 11, while Delta Airlines has halted its services between New York and Tel Aviv until August 31. Additionally, the Algerian airline has temporarily suspended flights to and from Lebanon until further notice, and a German airline has announced it will avoid Iranian and Iraqi airspace, suspending flights to several Middle Eastern destinations, including Tel Aviv, Tehran, and Beirut, through August 13. Singapore Airlines has also rerouted flights to avoid flying over Iranian airspace.
These suspensions come amid growing concerns over a potential Iranian retaliation following the killing of a top Hamas leader in Tehran. The assassination has escalated tensions between Israel and Iran, with Iran blaming Israel for the attack and vowing a strong response. Leaders from Hezbollah, Hamas, and other groups have also pledged retaliation, raising fears of a regional war and sparking international efforts to prevent further violence.
[One who attains Brahma is not afraid of anything.]
You should not be afraid of any power in the universe. Atom bombs are so insignificant. Human beings will discover much more powerful weapons in future, so there is no reason at all why moralists should be afraid of them.
Shri P R Sarkar
2 December 1978, Calcutta
THE END
August 3, 2024
Education
“250 million children worldwide are out of the classroom”
The Global Partnership for Education (GPE) is the largest global fund dedicated solely to building strong and resilient education in lower-income countries worldwide. For two decades, GPE has been working in countries racked by poverty and conflict — so that more children, especially girls, can get the education they need.
Laura Frigenti has been CEO of GPE since February 2021
We are unfortunately not on track and the bad news is that all the good progress made in previous decades has been partly reversed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has kept schools closed in some countries for about three years. The bad news is that we see that children are not coming back — at least not in the volumes that we would like to see. And the particularly bad news is that girls are not coming back as much as boys are.
The needs are pretty much the same across all regions. We need to bring back into school those 250 million children worldwide that are out of the classroom at the moment. We need to make sure that when they are in the classroom they learn something. At the moment, in low-income countries worldwide, seven out of 10 children complete grade four and still cannot read or write a simple sentence, which means that all these investments in education haven’t actually brought good results.
How can we give extra help to the most vulnerable, such as girls and children with disabilities?
In the specific case of girls and vulnerable girls, a lot of the work needs to be done with the community. It’s often parents and the community at large that do not appreciate how important it is for girls, indeed all children, to be in school. That is our starting point, which is now yielding some good results.
What innovations can improve access to education? How can we best apply new technologies, policies and processes to ensure maximum impact?
The single most important thing is for governments to understand that nobody should be left behind. We then need to work closely with local leaders to understand what are the bottlenecks. For example, why do parents decide not to send children to school? Is it because the school is far from home and they think the journey is dangerous for girls? We have to correct that.
I would say that the most important innovation is actually something simple: You have to be grounded in local reality to understand what the specificity of your problems are.
America’s First Female Olympic Champion Never Knew She Was an Olympian
Margaret Abbott spent her life unaware that a golf tournament she won was part of the 1900 Summer Olympics.
After 22-year-old American Margaret Abbott won the women’s golf tournament at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, no gold medal was draped around her neck. There was no standing atop a podium as the Stars and Stripes was raised, no homecoming parade, no photo on the front of a Wheaties box.
In fact, Abbott walked off the course unaware that she had just become the first American woman to win an Olympic event, and she remained oblivious to her place in sports history until her death in 1955.
The 1900 Summer Olympics bore little resemblance to today’s global sporting spectacle. Far from consuming Paris, the second staging of the modern Olympic Games was a sideshow to the World’s Fair being held simultaneously in the French capital. The company that organized the 1900 Paris Exposition also managed the schedule of loosely organized sporting events that stretched over six months and included eclectic competitions such as tug-of-war, Basque pelota, kite flying and pigeon racing.
It was far from clear which events were part of the Olympic program and which ones were held in conjunction with the World’s Fair. When Abbott entered a golf tournament staged by the exhibition in October 1900, she thought she was competing merely for the championship of Paris.
Born in India in 1878, Abbott was an infant when her American father died and her novelist mother, Mary Abbott, brought her to the United States.
Women Make Their Olympic Debut in Paris
Much like the ancient Olympics after which it was modeled, the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 prohibited women from competing. Four years later, however, 22 women (out of nearly 1,000 athletes) were permitted to participate in the 1900 Summer Olympics in select sports deemed socially acceptable for women such as croquet, equestrianism, tennis and golf.
After her triumph, Margaret Abbott received an old Saxon porcelain bowl mounted in chiseled gold but no indication she had won an Olympic event. (Gold medals did not become the traditional prize for Olympic champions until the 1904 Summer Games.)
World’s forests failed to curb 2023 climate emissions, study finds
Forests and other land ecosystems failed to curb climate change in 2023 as intense drought in the Amazon rainforest and record wildfires in Canada hampered their natural ability to absorb carbon dioxide, according to a study presented on Monday.
That means a record amount of carbon dioxide entered Earth’s atmosphere last year, further feeding global warming, the researchers said.
Plant life helps to slow climate change by taking in huge amounts of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas driving global warming. Forests and other land ecosystems on average absorb nearly a third of annual emissions from fossil fuels, industry and other human causes.
But in 2023, that carbon sink collapsed, according to study co-author Philippe Ciais of the Laboratory for Climate and Environmental Sciences (LSCE), a French research organization.
“The sink is a pump, and we are pumping less carbon from the atmosphere into the land,” Ciais said in an interview. “Suddenly the pump is choking, and it’s pumping less.”
As a result, the growth rate of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere jumped 86% in 2023 compared to 2022, the researchers said.
Scientists at Tsinghua University in China, the University of Exeter in England and LSCE led the research into what caused the shift. Their study was presented at the International Carbon Dioxide Conference in Manaus, Brazil.
A major driver was record high temperatures globally that dried out vegetation in the Amazon and other rainforests, preventing them from taking up more carbon while also fueling record fires in Canada, the study found.
If we are to lower food prices and support farmers, we need to restore land
Land restoration is the key to a well-functioning food system, healthier nature and stable climate.
In recent years, people everywhere have endured soaring food prices, coupled with growing concerns for the wellbeing of those who produce food. There are multiple reasons for these higher food costs: from geopolitical tensions to the COVID-19 pandemic to accelerating climate change. Farmers, retailers and consumers are all feeling the heat.
However, drought and land degradation, which are exacerbated by climate change, are the gravest threats to livestock and crops worldwide. This is one of the reasons why this year’s World Environment Day is calling for land protection and restoration to address land degradation, drought and desertification – and bring immediate social, economic and environmental net gains.
Land degradation and drought harm 3.2 billion people worldwide, including across East Africa, India, the Amazon basin, and large swaths of the United States. In Europe, even though summer is not yet in full swing, some areas are already on drought alert. In the near future, one in five people in China will face more droughts. Australia’s farmers are bracing for a 20-year-long megadrought. In the next 25 years, land degradation might reduce food productivity by 12 percent and raise food prices by almost a third. In the same period, the average family income will drop by 20 percent because of climate change. This is a global problem.
Delaying action on climate and nature loss pushes us into a vicious cycle: climate change further degrades soils, which makes farmers’ work harder and less profitable. They need more subsidies, chemicals and fertilisers to make more of less-fertile land, delivering less-nutritious food, and exacerbating the triple planetary crisis of climate change, nature and land loss, and pollution and waste.
We can stop this vicious cycle by helping nature to regenerate. The results already in are phenomenal. Multiple initiatives to build back degraded farmlands, forests, savannas, grasslands, peatlands and cities are making vast areas arable again and creating hundreds of thousands of new jobs. This is happening across the Mediterranean, in Africa, South and East Asia and in Small Island Developing States like Vanuatu. Areas like the Central American corridor that previously depended on aid have become self-sufficient following restoration efforts.
A new small study led by Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers and published July 25th in the journal Nature Cardiovascular Research has revealed the impact of obesity on muscle structure in patients having a form of heart failure called heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
According to the Journal of Cardiac Failure, HFpEF represents more than half of all heart failure world-wide.
Originally, this form of heart disease was associated with having a high blood pressure and along with this, excess muscle growth (hypertrophy) to help counter the pressures. Over the past 2 decades, HFpEF is occurring more often in patients with severe obesity and diabetes according to the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. However, there are still very few effective HFpEF therapies, and a challenge in developing therapies has been the lack of studies in human heart tissue to determine exactly what is abnormal.
“HFpEF is a complex syndrome, involving abnormalities in many different organs,” says lead investigator David Kass, M.D., Professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “We call it heart failure (HF) because its symptoms are similar to those found in patients with hearts that are weak. However, with HFpEF, heart contraction seems fine, yet heart failure symptoms still exist. While many prior efforts to treat HFpEF using standard HF drugs have not worked, success has since come from drugs used to treat diabetes and obesity.”
To perform the study, the research team obtained a small piece of muscle tissue from 25 patients who had been diagnosed with varying degrees of HFpEF caused by diabetes and obesity and compared them to heart tissue from 14 organ donors whose hearts were considered to be normal. They examined the muscle using an electron microscope that shows muscle structure at a very high magnification.
Mariam Meddeb, M.D., MS, cardiovascular disease specialist at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, who conducted the study says, “Unlike viewing the heart with a traditional microscope, the electron microscope allows us to magnify the image to 40,000 times its size. This provides a very clear picture inside the muscle cell, what we call ultrastructure, such as mitochondria that are the energy power plants, and sarcomeres (unit of muscle fiber) that generate force.”
The researchers found notable ultrastructural abnormalities were particularly present in tissue of the most obese patients who had HEpEF, which had mitochondria that were swollen, pale, and disrupted, had many fat droplets, and their sarcomeres appeared tattered. These abnormalities were not related to whether the patient had diabetes, and were less prominent in patients who were less obese.
A moon of Uranus could have a hidden ocean, James Webb Space Telescope finds
The Webb space telescope has new observations of Ariel – a moon of the outer planet Uranus – suggesting that Ariel might harbor an ice-covered, subsurface ocean. Icy ocean worlds in our outer solar system are a big deal. Scientists are so fascinated by the possibility that they’re sending a space mission to another potential ocean moon, Jupiter’s moon Europa. Why? Because they think these ocean moons might be homes for life! On July 24, 2024, a research team led by the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL) in Laurel, Maryland, pointed to the surprising presence of carbon dioxide on the surface of Ariel. They said these deposits might be replenished by a liquid ocean hidden in Ariel’s interior.
The researchers published their new peer-reviewed study in The Astrophysical Journal Letters on July 24, 2024.
The mystery of Ariel’s carbon dioxide ice
The major clue to a subsurface ocean comes from Ariel’s frozen surface. Ariel’s surface is geologically the youngest of Uranus’ 28 known moons. It is largely covered by water, carbon dioxide and ammonia ices.
The carbon dioxide ice surprised astronomers. Ariel has no detectable atmosphere, so even in the extreme cold where Uranus orbits the sun, it should sublimate (turn to gas). But since there is a fair amount of it on the moon’s surface, something must be re-supplying it on an on-going basis. Also, most of the ice is on Ariel’s trailing hemisphere. That’s the hemisphere that always faces away from the moon’s direction of motion in its orbit.
Scientists have proposed two main theories over the years. One is that charged particles in Uranus’ magnetosphere or solar radiation interact with Ariel’s surface. This could create carbon dioxide through a process called radiolysis.
The other possibility is that primordial carbon dioxide is trapped by water ice in Ariel’s interior. Outgassing could then leave deposits of carbon dioxide ice on the surface.
The new observations from Webb suggest the second option is more likely.
Kenya’s turmoil widens as anti-government protesters clash with emerging pro-government group
A wave of protests is sweeping through Kenya. Triggered by controversial proposed tax hikes, the movement has evolved into a wider campaign for more accountable governance in the country. Some demand the entire government’s resignation
NAIROBI, Kenya — Anti-government protesters in Kenya’s capital clashed with an emerging pro-government group on Tuesday, with hundreds swarming and burning a motorcycle belonging to people who expressed support for the country’s president. The military made a rare deployment as the protests focused on the country’s main airport.
The weeks of turmoil in East Africa’s economic hub have led to dozens of deaths, the firing of most Cabinet members and calls for President William Ruto’s resignation. Protests began with Kenyans’ rejecting a proposed bill to impose more taxes as millions in the country barely get by amid rising prices.
The pro-government movement has emerged to counter the youth-led anti-government one. In Nairobi on Tuesday, the pro-government group took to the streets ahead of the latest anti-government demonstration.
One protester, Charles Onyango, questioned why police were not confronting the pro-government demonstrators yet again dispersed those calling for change.
“Police are just standing by and letting these (suspected) hired goons to disrupt our protests and cause chaos,” Onyango said.
It was not immediately clear who was behind the pro-government movement.
Kenya’s main airport was meant to be the site of the latest protest, and anti-government demonstrators lit bonfires in a suburb along the highway that leads to it. Airport officials asked travelers to arrive early, and flights continued.
Police hurled tear-gas canisters at hundreds of protesters who blocked another road that leads to the airport, and the military was deployed to the Pipeline area east of the capital.
Protests also were reported in Kenya’s second largest city, the Indian Ocean port of Mombasa, as well as the city of Kisumu on Lake Victoria and Migori.
Kenya’s anti-government protests are in their fifth week. Under pressure, President William Ruto declined to sign the bill imposing new taxes and dismissed almost all Cabinet ministers, but protesters continue to call for his resignation.
At least 50 people have died and 413 others have been injured in the protests since June 18, according to the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights. The political opposition is demanding that families of those killed be compensated and that charges against those arrested during protests be dropped.
New Zealand to apologise after inquiry finds 200,000 children and vulnerable adults abused in care
WELLINGTON, – New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon expressed regret on Wednesday after a public inquiry found some 200,000 children, young people and vulnerable adults were abused in state and religious care over the last 70 years.
Nearly one in three children and vulnerable adults in care from 1950 to 2019 experienced some form of abuse, the report found, a finding that could leave the government facing billions of dollars in fresh compensation claims.
“This is a dark and sorrowful day in New Zealand’s history as a society and as a state, we should have done better, and I am determined that we will do so,” Luxon told a news conference.
An official apology will follow on Nov. 12, he added.
Survivors and their supporters filled the public gallery of the country’s parliament as the report was debated, while still more watched from a separate room.
After Luxon spoke, likening the abuse against children at one of the state care facilities, Lake Alice, to torture, many stood and sang an Indigenous Maori song about love and unity.
The report by Royal Commission of Inquiry spoke to over 2,300 survivors of abuse in New Zealand, which has a population of 5.3 million. The inquiry detailed a litany of abuses in state and faith-based care, including rape, sterilisation and electric shocks, which peaked in the 1970s.
Those from the Indigenous Maori community were especially vulnerable to abuse, the report found, as well as those with mental or physical disabilities.
Civil and faith leaders fought to cover up abuse by moving abusers to other locations and denying culpability, with many victims dying before seeing justice, the report added.
“It is a national disgrace that hundreds of thousands of children, young people and adults were abused and neglected in the care of the State and faith-based institutions,” the report said.
It made 138 recommendations, including calling for public apologies from New Zealand’s government, as well as the Pope and the Archbishop of Canterbury, heads of the Catholic and Anglican churches respectively, who have previously condemned child abuse.
PAYOUTS DUE
The report estimated the average lifetime cost to an abuse survivor, that is what New Zealanders would consider normal, day-to-day activities, was estimated in 2020 to be approximately NZ$857,000 per person, though the report did not make clear the amount of compensation available for survivors.
Luxon said he believed the total compensation due to survivors could run into billions of dollars.
US-Russia Prisoner Swap: Trump’s Promise, Delivered By Biden
In a high-profile prisoner swap that is being hailed by Biden supporters as a major victory for the administration, Russia released Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich and former US marine Paul Whelan, along with 14 others.
In a press statement, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said, “Under President Biden’s leadership, we have secured the release of dozens of Americans who were held hostage or wrongfully detained.” This set the tone for a political show of strength by the Democrats in the upcoming days as the party prepares for its big event in Chicago, the Democratic National Convention on August 19, where President Biden will be making his baton-handing speech.
In a high-profile prisoner swap that is being hailed by Biden supporters as a major victory for the administration, Russia released Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich and former US marine Paul Whelan, along with 14 others.
In a press statement, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said, “Under President Biden’s leadership, we have secured the release of dozens of Americans who were held hostage or wrongfully detained.” This set the tone for a political show of strength by the Democrats in the upcoming days as the party prepares for its big event in Chicago, the Democratic National Convention on August 19, where President Biden will be making his baton-handing speech.
A Win To Show
The prisoner swap provides him with the perfect opportunity to show that his administration got work done while the Republican nominee Donald Trump made false claims. What gives Biden a shot in the arm is that Trump had claimed that Russian President Vladimir Putin would release Evan Gershkovich for him but not for anyone else (by which he meant President Biden, who was still running for a second term in May when Trump made this claim). He has been proven wrong in less than three months.
Here are the key points regarding President Joe Biden’s withdrawal from the 2024 presidential race:
• Health and Age Concerns: There were growing concerns about Biden’s age and health, which influenced his decision.
• Poor Debate Performance: Biden’s performance in recent debates was seen as lackluster, contributing to doubts about his viability as a candidate.
• Party Pressure: Influential figures within the Democratic Party, including former President Barack Obama, urged Biden to step aside for the party’s best interest.
• Kamala Harris as Frontrunner: With Biden’s withdrawal, Vice President Kamala Harris has become the leading candidate for the Democratic nomination.
Source : Prout Universal Telegram group
THE END
July 20, 2024
Found in a cave in Indonesia, we can now show the world’s oldest figurative art is 51,200 years old
Karampuang Hill, where the artwork was found. Google Arts & Culture
Dated to at least 51,200 years ago, the art depicts an interaction between humans and a pig. It was found in a cave in Sulawesi, an island of Indonesia directly north-east of Bali and east of Borneo.
It’s a crucial piece of our history as humans, suggesting figurative art and storytelling have long been intertwined.
A new pioneering technique
In some limestone caves where people made rock art, dripping or flowing water occasionally led to the formation of mineral deposits on top of the paint layer, which provide a way to date the art scientifically.
Art to tell a story
We used this new technique to date a painting in a cave in southern Sulawesi named Leang Karampuang and showed it is at least 51,200 years old.
The painting consists of a scene dominated by a large naturalistic representation of a wild pig. In front of the pig are three smaller human-like figures. They appear to be interacting with the animal.
One figure seems to be holding an object near the pig’s throat. Another is directly above the pig’s head in an upside-down position with legs splayed out. The third figure is larger and grander in appearance than the others; it is holding an unidentified object and is possibly wearing an elaborate headdress.
We now know humans have used figurative art to tell stories for at least 51,000 years. Using our new dating method it may be possible in the future to fill in some of the many gaps in our knowledge of this key development in the history of art.
How a school in Colombia is teaching learners to preserve mangroves
The Mangroves Initiative is a project run by The Santa Fe Educational Institution, a public school in Turbo, Colombia. It promotes the analysis and understanding of local and regional environmental problems. In this initiative, participants learn about the importance of mangroves, being a source of carbon capture and as such contribute to the mitigation of climate change.
The school organizes field trips in the mangroves with students, teachers, parents, and environmental organizations to provide hands-on learning experiences and to help reforestation of this ecosystem.
Teaching innovative practices to preserve the environment
“Teaching for sustainability is an act of love for life: It’s the best way to build peace and reconciliation in the territories,” says Ms Mercado. “A challenge that the school must address, since we have a debt with the planet.”
The Mangroves Initiative embraces environmental education and actively engaging young learners to both preserve nature and understand how to tackle global environmental challenges.
The Santa Fe Educational Institution serves a total of 1,450 students from preschool to grade 11 and is committed to sustainability practices and initiatives. The Mangroves Initiative is an excellent example of how schools can use their local environment to promote innovative practices and activities to engage students to preserve the environment. This type of initiative can be adapted at a national scale and be included in national education plans. Colombia is now developing an education for sustainable development (ESD) country initiative aiming to integrate ESD into the national education system and to expand successful initiatives such as the Mangroves Initiative.
“As a guiding educator, I take pride in contributing to the holistic development of the children and youth who have breathed life into this wonderful initiative,” says Ms. Mercado. “I have been able to plant a seed for sustainability within them.”
Ezequiela Tovar Mercado was invited as a speaker to theESD-Net Learning Webinar heldon 28 March 2024 on Local and Indigenous Knowledge in ESD. Organized by UNESCO, the webinar addressed the importance of integrating traditional and cultural practices, and community-based approaches, into teaching and learning to foster environmental stewardship, social equity, and resilience among present and future generations in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.
‘Agroforest’ trial begins at RSPB’s arable farm, Cambridge shire (U.K.)
Thirteen varieties of apple trees, all juicing varieties, have been planted on the farm alongside cobnut and broadleaf trees
“The long term hope would be that by putting agroforestry on the farm, we have diversified the farm business so that it could actually be a useful tool for farmers to be a little bit more resilient when farming’s becoming increasingly more difficult,” said Ms Arnold.
“We’ve planted three different types of trees – 13 varieties of apples, all juicing varieties, three varieties of cobnuts, which is a commercial type of hazel which can hopefully be pressed for cobnut oil, and eight species of native broadleaves.”
The native trees will help protect the cropping species from “the big rolling winds that come through our flatland Cambridgeshire landscape”, she added.
They have been planted in eight six-metre (26ft) alleys, 24 metres (78ft) apart, on the RSPB’s Hope Farm, which it bought in 2000.
The charity took on the 181 hectare (447 acre)-farm to provide research-led evidence it was possible to encourage wildlife-friendly farming in one of the most intensively farmed bread baskets of England, alongside producing food and making a profit.
Today, 18 farmland birds are based on the farm, such as the linnet, yellowhammer and skylark, while others like lapwings, grey partridges and corn buntings have returned.
The RSPB set up the trial at Hope Farm as “the impact that some agroforestry practices may have on biodiversity is not well evidenced” – at a time of national tree-planting plans.
Ms Arnold said there will be “rigorous monitoring” of the agroforest “over biodiversity, the greenhouse gas fluxes, the business changes and diversity”.
“We aim to get a really thorough understanding of what it actually delivers before we could advocate for or against it in a policy sphere,” she said.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2v0eq50lzyo
Medicine
WHO Recognises 3rd Indian Institute For Traditional Medicine Research
This recognition has been granted for a period of four years.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has designated National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage (NIIMH) in Hyderabad, under the Ministry of Ayush, as a WHO Collaborating Centre (CC) for traditional medicine research, it was announced on Friday.
NIIMH, Hyderabad is a unit under the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) which will now work as a WHO centre for ‘Fundamental and Literary Research in Traditional Medicine’.
This recognition has been granted for a period of four years.
New Delhi:
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has designated National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage (NIIMH) in Hyderabad, under the Ministry of Ayush, as a WHO Collaborating Centre (CC) for traditional medicine research, it was announced on Friday.
NIIMH, Hyderabad is a unit under the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) which will now work as a WHO centre for ‘Fundamental and Literary Research in Traditional Medicine’.
This recognition has been granted for a period of four years.
CCRAS-NIIMH, Hyderabad, joins the ranks as the third WHO Collaborating Centre in the domain of traditional medicine, followed by the Institute for Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar, and the Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi.
“This designation by WHO is a significant milestone, reflecting our relentless efforts in the field of traditional medicine and historical research,” said Professor Vaidya Rabinarayan Acharya, Director General of CCRAS, NIIMH and Head of the WHO Collaborating Centre.
Established in 1956, the institute has been a pioneer in various digital initiatives of Ayush, including the AMAR Portal, which catalogues 16,000 Ayush manuscripts, featuring 4,249 digitised manuscripts, 1,224 rare books, 14,126 catalogues, and 4,114 periodicals.
The Showcase of Ayurvedic Historical Imprints (SAHI) Portal showcases 793 medico-historical artefacts, while the e-books of Ayush project provide digital versions of classical textbooks.
The NAMASTE Portal collects cumulative morbidity statistics from 168 hospitals, and the Ayush Research Portal indexes 42,818 published Ayush research articles.
Companies going bankrupt at the fastest pace since 2020 in ‘historic surge’
There is a “historic surge” of corporate bankruptcies underway in the US, as debt-saddled companies struggle to adjust to the new era of high interest rates.
New figures published by S&P Global Intelligence show that 75 companies filed for bankruptcy in June, the highest number recorded in a single month since early 2020 at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. That pushed this year’s total number of bankruptcies so far to 346, which is notably higher than comparable levels seen in the past 13 years.
Before this, the highest half-year figure recorded was in 2010, with 437 companies filing for bankruptcy from January through June.
The S&P report blamed high interest rates, supply chain issues and slowing consumer spending for the spike in bankruptcies this year.
The Federal Reserve raised interest rates sharply in 2022 and 2023 to the highest level since 2001 in a bid to crush high inflation, bringing to an end more than a decade of ultra-easy money. Officials are grappling with when they should take their foot off the brake amid signs that economic growth is slowing and inflation is once again falling.
Most investors expect the Fed to begin cutting rates in September or November and are penciling in just one or two reductions this year — a dramatic shift from the start of the year, when they anticipated six rate cuts beginning as soon as March.
Even then, rates will likely remain elevated.
Some economists have called on the US central bank to cut rates sooner, citing concerns that high interest rates pose a risk to the financial system.
“The economy has weathered the Fed’s higher-for-longer strategy admirably well, but there is a mounting threat that the ongoing pressure will expose fault lines in the financial system,” Moody’s chief economist Mark Zandi wrote in a recent Washington Post op-ed. “As last year’s banking crisis showed, the relentless strain of high rates can cause parts of the financial system to buckle in ways that are difficult to predict and control.”
Bankruptcies started to rise notably in April as companies continued to “feel the burden of high interest rates,” and as it dawned on many businesses that rates would likely remain at peak levels for some time.
“Fading hopes of lower interest rates are likely contributing to the increase in filings, as companies that may have held out hope for rate cuts at the beginning of the year come to terms with the reality that they will remain higher for longer,” the S&P said at the time.
Some of the notable bankruptcies in June included electric vehicle maker Fisker and Chicken Soup for the Soul, which owns DVD rental chain Redbox.
The world court says Israel’s occupation is illegal
But will the International Court of Justice’s ruling have any effect?
The UN’s top court has said Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territories is against international law, in a landmark opinion.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) said Israel should stop settlement activity in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem and end its “illegal” occupation of those areas and the Gaza Strip as soon as possible.
In response, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the court had made a “decision of lies”.
The court’s advisory opinion is not legally binding but still carries significant political weight. It marks the first time the ICJ has delivered a position on the legality of the 57-year occupation.
The court was specifically asked to give its view on Israel’s policies and practices towards the Palestinians, and on the legal status of the occupation.
Step aside, Futurama: Scientists build robot that’s controlled by a brain in a jar
Living brain cells wired into a biocomputer could be the future of how robots learn to move.
There have been plenty of bizarre robots designed in the past, but this could well take the top spot. In a world first, this robot is more human than ever, kitted out with and controlled by a real-life brain.
This, of course, isn’t a real brain pulled from a human body. Cultured in vitro, these brains are created for the purpose of research – and, apparently, for integration into robots.
To control the robot, the researchers used the organism to make a so-called ‘brain-on-chip’. While the brain has some of the intelligent functions of a biological brain, it needs a bit of assistance.
The chip is added to the brain to allow the scientists to debug it, send signals to the outside world and thereby achieve specific functions, such as controlling the robot’s grabbing ability.
“The brain-computer interface on a chip is a technology that uses an in vitro cultured ‘brain’ (such as brain organoids) coupled with an electrode chip to achieve information interaction with the outside world through encoding and decoding and stimulation-feedback,” said Prof Ming Dong, vice president of Tianjin University.
Ukraine-Russia war – live: Trump claims he will ‘bring peace to the world’ after phone call with Zelensky
Donald Trump and Volodymyr Zelensky have spoken on the phone, just hours after the Ukrainian president said it would be “hard work” if the Republican returns to the White House.
Mr Trump said they had a “very good phone call” and promised to “bring peace to the world” and “end the war” if he is re-elected in November.
Mr Zelensky said they agreed to discuss steps to make “peace fair and truly lasting” and expressed thanks for US military assistance.
Their phone call comes amid concerns over a potential Trump administration’s policy on the Russia–Ukraine war if he wins the election. The Republican nominee has repeatedly promised to end the war in one day while criticising US military aid to Kyiv.
Earlier Antony Blinken said Ukraine was on its way to being able to “stand on its own feet” militarily as more than 20 other countries have pledged to maintain their own military and financial aid to the country even if the US were to withdraw its support under a different president.
Mr Blinken was for the first time directly addressing the possibility of Mr Trump winning the November election and backing away from US commitments to Ukraine.
The socio-economic philosophy of Ananda Marga calls for the elimination of capitalism. It clearly emphasizes the need to fulfil minimum economic needs and create an ideal congenial social environment in which there will be maximum utilization of collective wealth and the rational distribution of resources to solve all economic problems. Every human being will get ample opportunity to follow Prána Dharma.
Shri P R Sarkar
Prana Dharma
16 February 1967, Ranchi
THE END
July 13, 2024
4-Person crew leaves Mars simulator for first time in more than a year
Four volunteers have emerged from NASA’s simulated Mars environment after more than a year spent on a mission that never actually departed Earth.The volunteer crew members spent more than 12 months inside NASA’s first simulated Mars habitat at Johnson Space Center in Houston, which was designed to help scientists and researchers anticipate what a real mission to the planet might be like, along with all of its expected challenges. The crew exited the artificial alien environment on Saturday around 5 p.m., after 378 days.Kelly Haston, Anca Selariu, Ross Brockwell and Nathan Jones entered the 3D-printed habitat on June 25, 2023, as the maiden crew of the space agency’s Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog, or CHAPEA, project. The group consisted of a research scientist, a structural engineer, an emergency medicine physician, and a U.S. Navy microbiologist, respectively, who were selected from an applicant pool to head up the project’s first yearlong mission. None of them are trained as astronauts.Once they emerged, Haston, the mission commander, began with a simple, “Hello.””It’s actually just so wonderful to be able to say ‘hello’ to you all,” she said.Jones, a physician and the mission medical officer, said their 378 days in confinement “went by quickly.”The quartet lived and worked inside the space of 17,000 square feet to simulate a mission to the red planet, the fourth from the sun and a frequent focus of discussion among scientists and sci-fi fans alike concerning a possible voyage taking humans beyond our moon.The first CHAPEA crew focused on establishing possible conditions for future Mars operations through simulated spacewalks, dubbed “Marswalks,” as well as growing and harvesting vegetables to supplement their provisions and maintaining the habitat and their equipment.They also worked through challenges a real Mars crew would be expected to experience including limited resources, isolation and delays in communication of up to 22 minutes with their home planet on the other side of the habitat’s walls, NASA said.
Four-day week: Which countries are embracing it and how is it going so far?
Germany has become the latest testing ground for a four-day week with a new pilot project involving 45 companies starting in February. Where else has tried it?
Conversations around the four-day workweek were first reignited by the COVID-19 pandemic, with workers and employers rethinking the importance of workplace flexibility and benefits.
The idea is simple – employees would work four days a week while getting paid the same and earning the same benefits, but with the same workload.
Companies reducing their workweek would therefore operate with fewer meetings and more independent work.
Hailed as the future of employee productivity and work-life balance, advocates for the four-day workweek suggest that when implemented, worker satisfaction increases, and so does productivity.
Trade unions across Europe are calling for governments to implement the four-day working week, but which countries have embraced the idea and how is it going so far?
Belgium introduces a four-day workweek for employees who want it
Belgium became the first country in Europe to legislate for a four-day week.
In February 2022, Belgian employees won the right to perform a full workweek in four days instead of the usual five without loss of salary.
The new law came into force on November 21 last year, allowing employees to decide whether to work four or five days a week.
But this does not mean they will be working less – they will simply condense their working hours into fewer days.
German pilot for a shorter working week
Germany is already home to one of the shortest average working weeks in Europe. According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), the average working week is 34.2 hours.
Yet, trade unions have been calling for further reduced working hours – and now it looks like they might be getting what they want, though the reason for a change is linked to the shortage of workers experienced by the country.
As of February 1, 45 companies in Germany started testing the 4-day workweek in an experiment that would last six months in total.
The initiative, which only involves companies whose work can be adapted to a shorter workweek, is led by Berlin-based management consultancy Intraprenör together with the non-profit organisation 4 Day Week Global (4DWG).
China bans clinical research in germline genome editing as ‘irresponsible’
China has banned all clinical research involving germline genome editing under a newly released ethics guideline.
Germline gene engineering relates to altering the DNA in sperm, eggs or early embryos to introduce changes that can be inherited.
“Any clinical research involving germline genome editing is irresponsible and not permitted,” according to the Ethical Guideline for Human Genome Editing Research, released earlier this week by China’s Ministry of Science and Technology.
“Only when benefits, risks and alternative options are fully understood and weighed, when issues of safety and efficacy are addressed, broad social consensus is reached and rigorous evaluation is conducted, could clinical research be considered with strict supervision in place,” the guideline adds.
It also strictly prohibits the use of genome editing research on germ cells, fertilised eggs, or human embryos for reproductive purposes.
“The potential detrimental impacts and risks of germline genome editing are still unpredictable,” Zhai Xiaomei, a member of the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee, was quoted as saying by Science and Technology Daily.
Zhai said that though it was necessary to carry out basic and preclinical research to understand human embryonic development and relevant diseases, ethics mattered as well.
Even if gene editing is performed on early human embryos or germ cells, the modified cells are banned from being used for reproduction, according to Zhai.
He’s case, involving the world’s first gene-edited babies, triggered huge criticism in China and beyond. He was released from prison in April 2022 after serving a three-year sentence for illegal medical practice.
The left-wing alliance secured 188 seats in the National Assembly, according to official results. French President Emmanuel Macron’s centrist alliance is in second place with 161 seats. The far-right National Rally (RN) and its allies, which won by a clear margin in the first round, came in third with 142 seats.
The projected results mean that no party will obtain the 289 seats needed for an overall majority in the 577-seat assembly, setting the country of course for a hung parliament.
Netherlands announces ban on adoption from foreign countries
The Netherlands will no longer allow its citizens to adopt children internationally, the Minister for Legal Protection Franc Weerwind wrote on Tuesday. With this decision the minister responds to the motion passed by the Dutch House of Representatives in which the government was requested to come up with a plan to carefully reduce international adoptions.
The motion was passed for diverse reasons. The Dutch House of Representatives seriously doubted if it would be possible to design a realistic public law system in which abuses of the system could no longer occur. Several malpractices came to light in a 2021 report from the Joustra Committee, with the report concluding that the government had failed to combat adoption abuse. Furthermore international adoption is not a sustainable solution anymore to protect the interests of children, according to the government. The government states that the interests of children are best served when they can be safely cared for in their country of origin.
The topic of international adoption has been a discussion for a long time in the Netherlands, one of the reasons being that adopted children can not discover their origins and identity because of falsified documents and incorrect information in documents. Diverse abuses were being reported, from forcing parents to give up their child to child trafficking.
Practically the decision means that Fiom, the Dutch organisation that arranges international and domestic adoptions, can not accept any new registrations for international adoption. However procedures that have already started will be able to continue for the time being. The intended changes in time demand a changing of the law regarding international adoption, withWeerwind aiming to come up with a plan to gradually dismantle international adoption in September. This plan would need to provide clarity for all the ongoing international adoption procedures.
US firm unveils game-changing small nuclear reactor that can power 300,000 homes
US tech company, Westinghouse, has announced the launch of the AP300, a smaller version of its flagship AP1000 nuclear reactor, in an effort to extend access to nuclear power as demand for clean energy rises.
The AP300 nuclear reactor is scheduled to be operational in 2027 and will provide roughly one-third of the power of the flagship AP1000 reactor, according to an official press release by the firm on Thursday.
“The AP300 is the only small modular reactor offering available that is based on deployed, operating, and advanced reactor technology,” President and CEO of Westinghouse, Patrick Fragman, said in the statement.
“The launch of the AP300 SMR rounds out the Westinghouse portfolio of reactor technology, allowing us to deliver on the full needs of our customers globally, with a clear line of sight on schedule of delivery, and economics.”
Westinghouse’s decision marks a significant turning point in the nuclear industry’s effort to reinvent itself in response to climate change.
Nuclear fission reactor electricity produces no greenhouse gas emissions, and smaller nuclear reactors are less expensive to develop.
The AP300 is expected to cost around $1 billion per unit, compared to the AP1000’s anticipated cost of $6.8 billion.
What the world can learn from Denmark’s carbon tax on agriculture
Last month Denmark, a major pork and dairy exporter, reached a historic agreement with farming and conservation groups to introduce a carbon tax on livestock farming, making it the first country to do so.
To fulfill Denmark’s target of cutting its greenhouse gas emissions by 70% from 1990 levels, the deal calls for taxing farmers 300 Danish krone (about $43) per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. The tax, which would start in 2030, would apply to all greenhouse gas emissions from livestock digestion and manure handling and will be increased to 750 Danish krone by 2035.
From the start, Denmark wanted its tax to be a model for the rest of the world. Agriculture, forestry, and other land use contributed approximately 22% of human-made greenhouse gas emissions worldwide in 2019 — and in Denmark, at current rates agriculture and forestry are set to account for approximately
FACTS ABOUT THE AGREEMENT
Introduction of a CO2e tax on emissions from livestock. A fee of DKK 300 per ton CO2e in 2030 increasing to DKK 750 per tonnes of CO2e in 2035 with a deduction of 60%
Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of 1.8 million tons of CO2e in 2030 with the potential of up to 2.6 million tons
Proceeds to be returned to the industry in the form of a Transition Support Pool to support the green transition of the industry
Establishment of a new Green Acreage Fund of DKK 40 billion to support afforestation, extraction of carbonaceous lowland soils, and investments in green initiatives and technology
Afforestation of 250,000 hectares
Extraction of 140,000 hectares of carbonaceous lowland soils incl. peripheral areas
‘We will not enlist:’ Ultra-Orthodox in Israel vow to defy orders to serve in the military
JerusalemCNN —
As thousands of men hurried towards the main square in Jerusalem’s ultra-Orthodox neighborhood of Mea Shearim on Sunday for a protest, they passed signs declaring “war” on a contentious order from Israel’s highest court.
The Supreme Court ruling on June 25 said the Israeli government must enlist draft-age ultra-Orthodox (or Haredi) Jews into the military, reversing a de facto exemption in place since the country’s founding 76 years ago.
Sunday’s rally in Shabbat Square, which drew thousands, was to demonstrate against the decision, which another poster said had “thrust a sword” through the “beit midrash,” or Torah study hall.
The protest highlighted the fault line in Israeli society between ultra-Orthodox Jews, who Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu relies on to maintain his government, and other Israelis, many of whom believe that all Jewish citizens should serve in the military, especially during wartime.
Many Haredi men spend much of their early lives out of the workforce, instead studying at religious schools known as yeshivas that are partly funded through government subsidies.
For many Haredis, the idea that they would be pulled from studying scripture and drafted into Israel’s military is simply out of the question.
An arrangement made during Israel’s founding exempted several hundred Haredi men from conscription. However, the community has since grown exponentially, allowing tens of thousands of ultra-Orthodox men to now avoid the draft.
“We will not enlist,” said Yosef, 22, who traveled to the protest from his home in Beitar Illit, a large Haredi settlement in the occupied West Bank.
“Since the beginning of the state (of Israel), we have not enlisted… Now they want to make us (serve) by force. It will never work,” he said. “In a democratic state there is not much they can do besides put us in prison. We are not afraid of prison. We laugh about prison… and the more people that go into prison, the more demonstrations there will be in the country.”
As Yosef spoke, he looked up at a group of boys climbing a ladder to a nearby lamppost to hang a sign that read: “We will not enlist in the army.”
“We can’t watch as they tear the Torah to shreds,” said another man, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, due to the cultural norms of his community, some of whom are not open to speaking to the press. “We can’t be quiet. The High Court, the government, all the Knesset (parliament)… they are looking for ways for compromise and to send Haredi boys to be destroyed. We will die rather than be enlisted.”
Russia wants to confront NATO but dares not fight it on the battlefield – so it’s waging a hybrid war instead
When someone tried – and failed – to burn down a bus garage in Prague earlier this month, the unsuccessful arson attack didn’t draw much attention. Until, that is, Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala revealed it was “very likely” that Moscow was behind it.
The accusation prompted alarm among security officials and governments because several similar incidents have occurred across Europe in recent months. The Museum of Occupation in Riga was targeted in an arson attack in February. A London warehouse burnt down in March and a shopping center in Warsaw went up in flames in May. Police in Germany arrested several people suspected of planning explosions and arson attacks in April, and French authorities launched an anti-terror investigation after detaining a suspected bomb-maker who was injured in a botched explosion earlier this month.
Multiple hacking attacks and spying incidents have been reported in different European countries. As the same time, the European Union has accused Russia and Belarus of weaponizing migration by pushing asylum seekers from third countries to its borders. There have also been several suspicious attacks against individuals: a Russian defector was found shot dead in Spain and an opposition figure exiled in Lithuania was brutally attacked with a hammer.
The seemingly random attacks have one thing in common: according to local officials, they are all linked to Russia. And while they might look minor in isolation, taken together these incidents amount to what security experts say is Russia’s hybrid war on the West.
“We are threatened by something which is not a full-fledged military attack, which are these hybrid threats … everything from meddling in our political processes, (undermining) the trust in our political institutions, disinformation, cyber-attacks (…) and sabotage actions against critical infrastructure,” NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said during an event in Canada last week.
Rod Thornton, a senior lecturer in defense studies at King’s College London, said there’s been a pattern of attacks linked back to Russia. “There has definitely been an increase over the last few months in these particular types of operations. It is something that the Russians are ramping up,” Thornton said.
In the capitalist structure, industry or production is governed by the profit motive, but in the Proutistic structure production will be governed by the motive of consumption.
From the book Prout in a Nutshell Part 15, by Shri P R Sarkar
The upcoming academic season will see an expansion of English language teaching to encompass 100% of the second year of education.
Rabat- The Ministry of National Education, Primary Education, and Sports has unveiled its plans for the upcoming academic year 2024-2025, encompassing various developments, programs, and projects.
A primary focus is the expansion of English and Amazigh language education. The ministry aims to increase the number of educational institutions offering Amazigh language courses, targeting a 50% coverage rate by the beginning of the 2025-2026 school year.
The ministry has outlined its initiative to introduce Amazigh language instruction in primary education, commencing in the 2023/2024 school year with full implementation expected by the start of the 2029/2030 school year.
To support these efforts, the ministry is implementing a comprehensive strategy across organizational, administrative, pedagogical, training, and support domains at central, regional, provincial, and local levels.
The ministry plans to recruit 600 specialized professors for Amazigh language instruction and annually train at least 2,000 dual-discipline teachers to facilitate this expansion.
The new academic season will also witness an expansion of English language teaching to cover 50% of preparatory education and 100% of the second year of education.
According to the decision issued by the Ministry on Thursday, July 4, 2024, the academic year will begin on September 2, 2024. The teaching staff will join the day after, on September 3, to be informed of the developments for the new season and to discuss the contents of the integrated institution’s project, especially the educational aspects related to the core learnings that the institution will focus on.
US, France, Canada, UK, Korea, and others back India’s bid to make GPAI the global AI regulator
India is making significant strides in its effort to establish the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) as the leading authority on all matters related to AI, including regulations and the development of a global framework.
Major countries such as the US, France, Canada, the UK, Japan, Korea, Brazil, and Argentina have agreed on this initiative, with a ministerial sign-off and final negotiations set for July 3, according to government insiders. A formal announcement is expected soon after.
India’s current chairmanship of GPAI reflects its commitment to responsible AI development and use. By expanding GPAI to include more countries, especially from the Global South, India aims to strengthen the alliance’s influence on global AI policymaking.
This expansion aligns with India’s vision of a more inclusive and participatory global AI governance structure.
Union Electronics and Information Technology Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw highlighted in December that New Delhi is actively negotiating with the 29 member countries of GPAI to reach a consensus on a declaration statement concerning the proper use of AI, establishing guardrails for the technology, and determining its treatment.
World Zoonoses Day 2024: History, Significance, Theme And All You Need To Know About The Day
World Zoonoses Day is observed on July 6 every year after 1885 to raise awareness about zoonotic diseases.
Zoonotic diseases are infections that transmit disease between animals and humans. These diseases, also known as zoonoses, include swine flu, rabies, bird flu, and various foodborne infections. Studies by the CDC indicate that approximately 60 percent of all known diseases are zoonotic in nature, and around 70 percent of emerging infections originate from animals. Learn about the zoonotic diseases, its history, significance and theme for 2024.
What are Zoonotic diseases?
Zoonotic diseases are infections that spread between humans and animals. These diseases can be classified based on the source of infection, which includes viruses, fungi, parasites, and bacteria. Examples of viral zoonoses are rabies and COVID-19, while ringworm is an example of a fungal zoonose. Zoonoses can be transmitted through wild animals, like bird flu from wild birds, or domestic animals, such as rabies from dogs.
History of this day:
On July 6, 1885, Louis Pasteur administered a rabies vaccine to a boy bitten by a rabid dog, saving his life. This historical event underscores the importance of understanding zoonotic diseases, their origins, and their impact on public health.
Significance of the day:
The primary goal of World Zoonoses Day is to raise awareness about the impact of zoonotic diseases on both humans and animals. It emphasises the importance of vaccinating pets, particularly in shelters where animals may not be properly vaccinated. Additionally, it highlights the need for more research to prevent outbreaks and educates those working closely with animals about the risks associated with zoonotic diseases.
Theme for 2024
The theme for World Zoonoses Day 2024 focuses on the three things, these are:
Preventing the spread of zoonotic diseases
Controlling zoonoses by managing threats for future infections
Designing a framework for preparedness and response to diseases
Central African Republic’s children are world’s most deprived, UNICEF says
This is a summary of what was said by UNICEF Representative in the Central African Republic Meritxell Relaño Arana—to whom quoted text may be attributed— at today’s press briefing at the Palais des Nations in Geneva
GENEVA, 2 July 2024 — “Today, the three million girls and boys of the Central Africa Republic face the highest registered level of overlapping and interconnected crises and deprivation in the world.
“The Central African Republic (CAR) now holds the tragic distinction of being ranked first among 191 countries as the most at-risk for humanitarian crises and disaster. This dire status underscores the severe and urgent challenges faced by its youngest citizens.
“Ten years of protracted conflict and instability in CAR has left every single one of CAR’s three million children at risk.
“There is a host of distressing data that speaks to the lives of children in CAR; I will mention just four, though the briefing note James shares has more data:
1 in 2 children do not have access to health services.
Around just one-third (37%) of children attend school regularly.
Nearly two in three (61%) young women were married before the age of 18
Almost 40% of the children in the country suffer from chronic malnutrition.
“Weakened institutions and the constant threat of violence compound the multiple risks to the rights of children. The fact that the crisis in CAR has been stretched out over so many years – and that, sadly, so many other global crises continue to unfold in parallel – means that the children of CAR have become painfully invisible. But their pain and loss are profoundly evident.
“However, there is hope. Now is a critical moment; indeed, it is the moment for the international community to rally for a change of course for the children of CAR.
“The government’s new National Development Plan, alongside other major commitments to improve children’s rights, mean UNICEF and its partners have a viable mechanism to push for a change of course: to chart a new future for the children and the country.
“Amid this rare moment of opportunity, the greatest risk is that the champions these children rely on—international donors, global media, and an informed public—may turn their backs and look away in the face of simultaneous global crises.
“In my most clear and candid language: this will mean many children will unnecessarily die; many more will see their futures destroyed. A child is a child, and, as such, it is imperative that the international community does not forget the children of CAR.”
Transforming The Gambia’s Agriculture: From Subsistence to Market-Oriented Farming
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
The Gambia’s agriculture sector is undergoing an ambitious modernization.
A World Bank project is supporting 19 small and medium-sized enterprises to expand their operations.
The country’s agriculture sector is already seeing results in the shape of modern infrastructure, improved services, and more jobs.
Modernizing agriculture infrastructure and irrigation
Improving access to inputs and services
Jongfolo Korta looks at her rice field with satisfaction. She is among the many small farmers in the Eastern region of Jahally, in the Gambia, where agriculture is thriving.“I’ve applied fertilizer to the rice field, and now I have ploughing services using tractors that are available at the right time. So, I’m optimistic that this year my harvest will increase,” she said.Like many others in the Gambia, Jongfolo has relied on rice production for over five decades. She and many others are experiencing the advantages of the country’s transition from subsistence farming to a more productive and competitive agriculture sector with increased surplus to sell making it more market-oriented. This drive has been supported by the World Bank’s Gambia Inclusive and Resilient Agricultural Value Chain Development Project (GIRAV).A component of the project competitively selected 19 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) out of 127 applicants and provided them with additional financing. In total, the project provided $3.9 million, while the SMEs themselves contributed a total of $2.6 million from privately mobilized capital and their own funding. The overall investment was used by the SMEs to finance infrastructure and equipment so that they can modernize and expand agribusiness operations.
If the problem of agriculture is solved, food security will be guaranteed.
Kemo Cham, CEO and founder of Sabiji Farm
However, in the Gambia, agriculture means more than that. The sector contributes around 20% of the country’s GDP and employs almost half of the country’s labor force. To unlock its full potential, the Gambia is transforming its agriculture sector which is currently dominated by subsistence-oriented rainfed crops and livestock. The GIRAV project support to small and medium agribusiness is a step in the right direction.
Group of 200 Investors Managing $15 Trillion Push for Corporate Action on Nature Policy Amid Growing Systemic Risks
The Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) has launched Spring, a stewardship initiative backed by over 200 investors managing $15 trillion in assets. The initiative focuses on reducing the financial risks associated with biodiversity loss by engaging with 60 key companies across various sectors. The effort emphasizes responsible political engagement and aligns with global biodiversity targets, aiming to mitigate operational risks and ensure sustainable practices.
Objective:
The Spring Initiative aims to address forest loss and land degradation, critical drivers of biodiversity loss and significant contributors to global CO2 emissions. This initiative aligns with the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use to halt and reverse these trends by 2030, recognizing the reputational, legal, market, and financial risks for businesses and investors associated with this issue.
Importance of the Initiative:
Economic Risks: Nature deterioration poses systemic and financially material risks to institutional investors. The World Bank projects a potential USD 2.7 trillion GDP contraction by 2030 due to ecosystem service loss.
Regulatory Recognition: Financial systems’ dependence on nature is increasingly acknowledged by central banks and financial regulators. Failure to address nature-related risks threatens financial stability.
Material Risks for Businesses: Forest loss and land degradation present both physical risks (e.g., lower agricultural revenues, land flooding) and transition risks (e.g., reduced market access due to regulations, stranded assets).
Engagement Approach:
Focus on Five Geographies: Prioritizes interventions in key areas most affected by forest loss and land degradation.
Investor Engagement: Engages companies to adopt and advocate for robust public policies to mitigate deforestation, land conversion, and related human rights abuses.
Responsible Political Engagement: Encourages companies to influence public policies positively, either directly or through affiliations with trade associations and think tanks.
‘Space potato’ spotted by NASA Mars satellite is actually something much cooler
NASA has posted a stunning photo of a “space potato” on social media — but it is actually Phobos, the Martian moon that is locked on a slow collision course with the Red Planet.
The space agency imaged the lumpy, starchy-looking moon using the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on board NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which has been studying the Red Planet since arriving in its orbit in 2006.
UK Labour Party sweeps to power in historic election win. But impatient voters mean big challenges
LONDON —
Labour leader Keir Starmer officially became British prime minister on Friday hours after his Labour Party swept to power in a landslide victory after more than a decade in opposition.
Starmer was elevated to the nation’s leader after a private ceremony with King Charles III in Buckingham Palace.
In the merciless choreography of British politics, Starmer is taking charge in 10 Downing St. shortly after Conservative leader Rishi Sunak and his family left the official residence and King Charles III accepted his resignation at Buckingham Palace.
“This is a difficult day, but I leave this job honored to have been prime minister of the best country in the world,” Sunak said in his farewell address.
Israel to dispatch team to Qatar for follow-up ceasefire talks next week
Chief of Israel’s Mossad spy agency David Barnea has returned from the Qatari capital Doha following an initial meeting with mediators, and a team will be dispatched next week to continue the negotiations, Israeli Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) has announced.
“It should be emphasized that there are still gaps between the sides,” the Israeli PMO said in a statement on Friday evening.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu approved the dispatch of a delegation for negotiations on a ceasefire deal with Hamas in Gaza and the release of hostages, Xinhua news agency reported, citing a senior Israeli official.
The Wall Street Journal reported on Friday that an official familiar with the hostage talks said that Mossad officials had told mediators that they are “optimistic” the Israeli cabinet will accept the ceasefire proposal currently under discussion.
According to Israel’s Channel 12 survey revealed on Friday, when asked what is most important at this moment, 67 per cent of the people interviewed said returning the hostages from Gaza, compared to 26 per cent who said continuing the war in Gaza and 7 per cent who said they didn’t know.
The recent development marks a renewed effort to negotiate an end to the nearly nine-month-long conflict, which, according to the Gaza-based health authorities, has resulted in the deaths of more than 38,000 Palestinians in the enclave.
Putin says Russia is not in a position to declare a ceasefire in Ukraine
President Vladimir Putin said on Thursday that Russia would not declare a ceasefire in Ukraine until Kyiv takes steps that are “irreversible” and acceptable to Moscow.
Putin said last month that Russia would end the war in Ukraine only if Kyiv agreed to drop its NATO ambitions and hand over the entirety of four provinces claimed by Moscow, demands Kyiv swiftly rejected as tantamount to surrender.
Putin also said that it was pointless for Russia to attempt to appeal to the Ukrainian Parliament when it came to Moscow’s ideas to end the conflict between the two countries.
A common penal code must be evolved. Legislation must be progressive and capable of gradual adjustment with the prevalent conditions. Any theory which does not hold a parallelism with the ever-changing conditions of time, place and person, is sure to decay and be lost in oblivion. Hence, there must be a never-ending effort for amendment with a view to rectification.
P.R. Sarkar
on the subject Common Penal Code
5 June 1959, Jamalpur
www.navacetana.com
THE END
June 29, 2024
Climate
Heatwave in Washington: Abraham Lincoln’s wax statue melts away as temperatures soar
The wax statue was created by Virginia-based artist Sandy Williams IV and is a part of ‘The Wax Monument’ series that features replicas of various popular public monuments and cultural symbols.
Amid heatwave conditions, a six-foot-tall wax statue of former US president Abraham Lincoln, outside an elementary school in Washington DC melted over the weekend. The famous statue, which replicates the Lincoln Memorial, started melting after the temperature reached 37.7 degrees Celsius in northwest Washington on Saturday, reports said. (Image: Sandy Williams/Instagram)
Commissioned by the non-profit CulturalDC, the statue is placed outside Garrison Elementary School. It was earlier the site of Camp Barker, a refugee camp from the Civil War era that once housed formerly enslaved and freed African Americans. (Image: CulturalDC)
The wax statue was created by Virginia-based artist Sandy Williams IV. It is a part of ‘The Wax Monument’ series, which features replicas of various popular public monuments and cultural symbols. The statue serves as more than just a visual representation, it further works as a candle. (Image: CulturalDC)
A viral photograph shows rising temperatures causing the wax replica’s head to detach, while one of his legs dripped off its torso. A foot of the statue turned into a blob. Further, the chair that supports the figure also sank into the ground, unable to withstand the heatwave conditions, BBC reported. The damaged head from the wax sculpture is currently undergoing repairs, leaving a wire protruding from the 16th president’s neck. However, this was not the first time this artwork melted. (Image: CulturalDC)
As per its official website, the installation is aimed at providing “direct commentary on DC’s history of Civil War-era Contraband Camps”. The head of the statue is expected to be reattached this week, local media reported. (Image: CulturalDC)
Big Picture model part of alternative education push to improve Australia’s school system
In short: An alternative education model called Big Picture, which runs in many high schools across Australia, boasts a student-led curriculum and no exams.
The stereotype that alternative education is only for “disruptive” students is not the case, educators in the system say.
What’s next? A diverse range of learning styles and a reduced focus on a university admission score could improve Australia’s education system, some researchers argue.
Kristin Van Wyk didn’t sit exams to get into university.
Instead, the now 21-year-old used a personalised portfolio she created in year 12, after completing a hands-on high school curriculum she designed herself.
Kristin is a graduate of Big Picture, an alternative education program that runs in dozens of high schools around Australia and also has a dedicated campus in Launceston, Tasmania.
“I’m a lot more independent than a lot of other people my age [as a result], I think,” Ms Van Wyk said, who went to the Big Picture school for years 9 to 12.
“Personal motivation” is a central tenet of the model, which sees students guided to develop a personalised curriculum based on their interests.
Students also learn on the job. If a child wants to be a mortician, for example, they approach one to shadow.
It is believed tens of thousands of Australian students take part in “alternative” education models outside the traditional university admission system, which relies heavily on an ATAR — or Australian Tertiary Admissions Rank — a number between zero and 99.95 that shows a student’s position in their year group.
While many educators who the ABC spoke to suggest alternative education models should not replace traditional schools, they argue a diverse range of learning styles and a reduced focus on ATAR could improve Australia’s education system.
‘Exhibitions’ take place of exams
Big Picture’s assessment system substitutes exams with “exhibitions”, where students present their work and answer questions from teachers and family.
“You have to publicly stand up in front of all the important people in your world, and say, ‘This is what I’ve been learning about, and this is what I’ve done’,” Ms Johnston said.
Rather than receiving grades in traditional subjects, students are assessed against the International Big Picture Learning Credential, or IBPLC.
The IBPLC measures students against outcomes such as “empirical reasoning” and “communication and personal qualities”.
It specifically avoids ranking students against one another, as an ATAR does.
Ms Van Wyk used the IBPLC and a portfolio to apply to the University of Tasmania.
US needs Indian students for sciences, Chinese for humanities: Top diplomat says
Kurt Campbell admits the US would like to see more Chinese coming to study humanities and social sciences, not particle physics, and their peers from India, considered a security partner, joinning science programmes in American universities.
The US Ambassador Deputy Secretary of State Kurt Campbell said more students for science, technology, engineering and mathematics programmes in the country should be from India, considered an important security partner of the country.
Campbell also said Chinese students should be considered more for humanities rather than science subjects, underscoring the US’ security concerns and escalating tensions with China on the trade front. “I believe that the largest increase that we need to see going forward would be much larger numbers of Indian students that come to study in American universities on a range of technology and other fields,” news agency Reuters quoted the second-ranked US diplomat as saying.
He pointed out that US universities intend to limit Chinese students’ access to sensitive technology, citing security concerns.
Campbell noted that not enough Americans were pursuing fields like science, technology, engineering and mathematics, for which recruitment from overseas is needed. “The US needed to recruit more international students for those fields, but from India – an increasingly important US security partner – not China.”
Chinese have been the largest group among international students in the US for many years. In the academic year 2022-23, their numbers reached nearly 2.9 lakh. Amid deteriorating US-China relations and fears of intellectual property theft, academicians and civil society leaders suggest that unwarranted suspicion has hindered scientific collaboration.
The US diplomat told the Council on Foreign Relations, “I would like to see more Chinese students coming to the United States to study humanities and social sciences, not particle physics”.
Campbell suggested that US universities have been “careful” to support continuing higher education for Chinese students. However, he reiterated that it is possible to curtail and limit certain kinds of access, particularly in technological programmes across the country.
Group of Cornish gardens on a global conservation mission
BOTANICAL GARDENS
There are several botanical gardens in Sicily. Among the most important is the Botanical Garden of Palermo, with over two hundred years of activity, it is one of the major Italian academic institutions. Others include the Pietro Castelli Botanical Garden in Messina, a small green lung in the city. The Nuova Gussonea Botanical Garden on Mount Etna has a miniaturised volcano landscape. The Agrigento Botanical Garden is close to the Valley of the Temples with archaeological treasures including natural caves that can be explored and fossil finds. The Paternò del Toscano Park Here you can enjoy a picnic under the oaks in the woods and have breakfast or snacks in the park. (ref.https://www.visitsicily.info/en/botanical-sicily-appeals-to-everyone/)
A collective of 14 Gardens in Cornwall are working to conserve rare species and protect the natural environment amid growing concerns over the climate crisis.
The Great Gardens of Cornwall, consisting of 14 well-known gardens and estates from across the county and Isles of Scilly, are highlighting the importance of protecting and safeguarding our Cornish landscapes with a number of pioneering and world-leading approaches to conservation.
Charles Williams, owner of the Caerhays Estate says “Cornwall’s microclimate and unique geology make it home to a number of globally rare species and habitats in need of our protection. As climate change takes hold it will increase the environmental pressures that face Cornwall’s wildlife and wild places, many of which are already in decline. We must continue to garden with the health of our soil, waterways and wildlife at the forefront of our mind.”
Each of the Great Gardens of Cornwall is doing their bit to protect the environment and help rare plant species flourish, and also set an example on a global scale. Official safe sites and dedicated propagation facilities are enabling species to flourish away from their endangered status.
Over 60,000 people march to parliament to demand politicians Restore Nature Now
Over 60,000 people marched through central London to parliament to send one simple but powerful message to all the UK’s political parties – that they must Restore Nature Now.
The march which included representatives from over 300 organisations, including the National Trust, RSPB, WWF, Wildlife Trusts and Woodland Trust is thought to be the biggest public demonstration in the General Election run-up and shows the strength of public opinion on the need for stronger political action to tackle the nature and climate crisis.
Harry Bowell, Director of Land and Nature at the National Trust said: “It is hugely shocking that the UK is one of the most nature depleted countries on earth. Today’s march is yet another powerful demonstration of how much people care about nature and want our leaders to take action to reverse nature’s decline.
“With the upcoming election we are at a pivotal moment where whoever forms the next government can decide to take bold action to prioritise nature’s recovery. The benefits will be vast; not only for our landscapes and wildlife, but improve our health and wellbeing while benefiting business and the economy too.
“It’s not too late to act. There is still time to turn things round – but we need prompt and energetic action to restore nature now!”
Beccy Speight, Chief Executive of the RSPB said: “Species from Avocets to whales and spaces from oceans to national parks have been championed at the march and it has been truly inspiring to see so many people stand up for nature and climate. With one in six species at risk of being lost from our shores, the natural world needs a strong voice now more than ever.
“There is definite hope that we can turn things around: while we know the threats, we also know so many of the solutions. But we simply aren’t acting fast enough or at a big enough scale to tackle the nature and climate crisis. We need to see urgent action and a much stronger commitment to restore nature at scale from politicians of all parties, because no species, including us, can afford to wait any longer.”
Craig Bennett, chief executive of The Wildlife Trusts said: “The devastating effects of climate change and nature loss affect every single one of us. We need nature to be restored and we need to act fast. That’s why thousands of people have united today to demand action from the next government. Our recent poll revealed that 79% of the public think that nature is important for our well-being and economic prosperity. With an election imminent, this is a critical moment if we want future generations to enjoy the thrill of birdsong, the buzz of pollinators, sustainable agriculture, a healthy economy, clean air and clean water. There’s still time for positive change and to Restore Nature Now!”
Chimpanzees seek out tree bark and ferns with medicinal benefits, researchers discover
In a recent study published in PLoS ONE, researchers investigated the behavioral and pharmacological effects of self-medicative plants in the diets of Budongo chimpanzees.
Background
Wild chimpanzees eat plants for nutrition and health, some containing bioactive poisons. Health professionals use these plants occasionally to treat illnesses. Chimpanzees have displayed therapeutic self-medication by eating leaves and chewing bitter pith, decreasing nematode infection.
In vivo investigations have demonstrated that pith extracts permanently paralyze mature Schistosome parasites. Chimpanzees and other primates may also engage in medical activities like bark feeding and dead wood chewing.
The researchers tested the bark of eight species consumed by Budongo chimps for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory compounds to improve their understanding of the function of bark-eating activities and their potential significance in chimp health maintenance. They tried a combination of bark and congealed resin on K. anthotheca, which Budongo chimpanzees preferred.
The researchers also examined the pharmacology of two kinds of dead wood (A. boonei and Cleistopholis patens) ingested by the Sonso chimp colony to investigate whether this habit served multiple purposes or provided health advantages.
Dairy farmers protest in Brussels over low price of milk
About a hundred farmers protested in front of European Union institutions, calling for a law on the price of dairy products
Farmers took to the streets in Brussels on Monday, demanding a law banning the sale of dairy products at a price below production costs.
Demonstrators, with fake cows painted in the colours of the European flag, marched between the headquarters of the European Parliament and the Commission in the Belgian capital.
Kjartan Poulsen, president of the European Milk Board, told Euronews that protesters wanted an EU-wide version of a Spanish law on “unfair commercial practices”, which forbids selling “products below cost at all stages of the purchasing chain.”
He said production costs vary from country to country depending on the cost of labour and features unique to where the farms are located.
But, in general, milk costs more for farmers to produce than what it costs to buy for consumers.
In some countries, such as Italy, the gap between production costs and selling prices is even greater than the European average, according to the president of the Po Valley Milk Producers’ Association Roberto Cavaliere.
“On average, the costs of an Italian company are around 60-65 cents per litre. Currently, Italian producers earn 50 cents. We still have a gap of 15 cents”.
“We ask for a fair price because the prices paid to producers over the last 25 years have never covered production costs.”
According to Cavaliere, the only companies in the sector that can survive what he calls an unbalanced and unprofitable market are those that use family labour, which cuts production costs because they do not pay for their work. Others simply close.
“In 1997 there were 110 thousand milk producers in Italy, in 2023 18 thousand. Almost 90 thousand companies have closed. These are alarming figures,” he said.
The Green Deal question
Among farmers’ other requests are anti-crisis tools for the agricultural sector and the creation of organisations that bring together producers from different dairy supply chains.
They also want clauses to ensure that milk imported into the EU respects the environmental requirements demanded by local producers.
European farmers have asked to be more involved in drafting European measures affecting the agricultural sector.
But, compared to other farmers’ protests in recent months, those protesting on Monday were less focused on the Green Deal, the EU plan to eliminate net emissions of climate-changing gases by 2050 that has strong repercussions on agriculture.
Seasonal fertilizer ban in effect from May 15 through Oct. 31
As Miami-Dade County enters the rainy season, the use of fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus is prohibited from May 15 through Oct. 31. Fertilizers applied during our intense rainy season have the potential to wash away into our surface waters through storm drains, canals, or direct discharges, reducing the benefit to lawns of costly fertilizer applications. Fertilizers contain nutrients that can be harmful to the ecosystems found in our waterways, especially Biscayne Bay. Excess nutrients pollution from our urban watershed is affecting the health of Biscayne Bay and has contributed to seagrass die-offs, algal blooms and fish kills in the Bay.
A 2023 Biscayne Bay Economic Study revealed the combined economic impact of Biscayne Bay-related activities is an astonishing $64 billion in economic output. Whether you live or work in a waterfront community or the westernmost suburbs of Miami-Dade County, the actions of residents and businesses influence the watershed, and can have a positive or negative effect on the health of our shared water resources and Biscayne Bay
Do your part to help protect Biscayne Bay by following the regulations set forth in the fertilizer ordinance.
The fertilizer ordinance applies to commercial and residential fertilizer applicators and anyone who performs landscape management. The ordinance contains specific rules for when, how much and where you can use fertilizers; proper management of grass clippings and vegetative debris; and sets forth required training for local businesses. Make sure you know the rules and remain in compliance with the ordinance.
This ordinance was developed as part of a broad countywide effort to reduce nutrient pollution, in the form of excess nitrogen and phosphorous, in our urban watershed. Excess nutrients from fertilizer can enter our sensitive water resources like Biscayne Bay, where they have contributed to seagrass die-offs, algal blooms fish-kills.
Use the resources found in the marketing toolkit to help spread the word about the fertilizer ordinance.
People are commonly given misleading information about depression, study shows
A recent Finnish study shows that people are commonly given misleading information about depression. According to the researchers, the inaccurate information makes it harder for people to understand the causes of their distress.
Most psychiatric diagnoses are purely descriptive. For example, a diagnosis of depression is only a description of the various psychological symptoms – not the cause. Yet depression is often talked about as a disorder that causes low mood and other symptoms.
Researchers describe this as a form of circular reasoning, which means that psychiatric diagnoses are frequently talked about circularly, as if they described the causes for symptoms. This makes it difficult for people to understand their distress.
Depression should be considered as a diagnosis similar to a headache. Both are medical diagnoses, but neither explains what causes the symptoms. Like a headache, depression is a description of a problem that can have many different causes. A diagnosis of depression does not explain the cause of depressed mood any more than a diagnosis of headaches explains the cause of pain in the head.”
Jani Kajanoja, postdoctoral researcher and medical doctor specializing in psychiatry, University of Turku in Finland
This misconception is also perpetuated by mental health professionals, shows a recent study by the University of Turku and the University of the Arts Helsinki.
In the study, the researchers analyzed publicly available information on depression provided by leading international health organizations. The researchers selected the websites of English-language organizations whose information on depression was the most influential according to search engine results. The organizations included the World Health Organisation (WHO), the American Psychiatric Association (APA), National Health Service (NHS) in the UK, and Harvard and Johns Hopkins Universities, among others.
Most organizations portrayed depression on their website as a disorder that causes symptoms and/or explains what causes the symptoms, although this is not the case. None of the organizations presented the diagnosis as a pure description of symptoms, as would have been accurate.
“Presenting depression as a uniform disorder that causes depressive symptoms is circular reasoning that blurs our understanding of the nature of mental health problems and makes it harder for people to understand their distress,” says Kajanoja.
The researchers suggest that the problem may be caused by a cognitive bias.
“People seem to have a tendency to think that a diagnosis is an explanation even when it is not. It is important for professionals not to reinforce this misconception with their communication, and instead help people to understand their condition,” says Professor and Neuropsychologist Jussi Valtonen from the University of the Arts Helsinki.
Mayday in space: Sunita Williams ordered to shelter in Starliner as satellite breaks up
In Short
Mission Control instructed all crew members to seek shelter
Williams and Wilmore have been aboard the ISS since June 5
Mission Control closely monitored the path of the debris
The emergency order was issued as space debris threatened the orbiting laboratory on Wednesday.
In a tense moment aboard the International Space Station (ISS), Nasa astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore were forced to take emergency shelter in Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft and other return vehicles.
As a standard precautionary measure, Mission Control instructed all crew members to seek shelter in their respective spacecraft. Williams and Wilmore, who have been aboard the ISS since June 5, took refuge in the Starliner capsule.
For approximately an hour, Mission Control closely monitored the path of the debris while the astronauts remained in their protective shelters. After determining that the immediate threat had passed, the crew was given the all-clear to exit their spacecraft and resume normal operations on the station.
Originally scheduled for an 8-day mission, the astronauts have now been in space for over three weeks as Nasa and Boeing work to resolve helium leaks and thruster problems that have plagued the capsule.
Despite these challenges, Nasa has maintained that the Starliner is capable of safely returning the astronauts to Earth if absolutely necessary. This recent shelter-in-place event further underscores the spacecraft’s vital role in ensuring crew safety.
As space activities continue to increase, the management of orbital debris remains a critical concern for space agencies worldwide.
Mama’s boys and marital strife are no joke in today’s China
Tales about evil mothers-in-law have landed China’s wildly popular ultrashort dramas in trouble with official censors.
Bossy matriarchs who baby their adult sons are a staple of the latest entertainment craze among Gen Z in the country. They harangue daughters-in-law, the heroines of the shows, for subpar cooking and high electricity bills.
Sometimes, it gets weird. In one series, the older woman even helps her son shower and brush his teeth. Wronged and disgusted, the young wife plots revenge. In a dramatic finale, she reveals her mother-in-law’s bullying to her husband — or she dumps him and strikes out alone.
Rising official concern about the corrupting influence of micro-dramas will probably slow the meteoric rise of the industry in China, experts say, and may accelerate studios’ efforts to go global.
For Huang, the format has proven harmful to society in part because viewers are fed unrealistic plots that “vilify people and amplify conflicts” within families. Young people, who spend more time with their screens than real people, are becoming “emotionally deficient” and “unwilling to get married or have children,” he added.
Censors this month called out mother-in-law dramas for straying from “mainstream values” approved by the Chinese Communist Party. State media have since reported that the National Radio and Television Administration is conducting a nationwide review and will remove unapproved titles by June 1.
Since China’s population began to shrink in 2022, officials have stepped up controls on “unhealthy” portrayals of love and marriage in popular culture. At the same time, they have dialed up propaganda to encourage young couples to settle down and get busy having children.
But that effort to spread “positive energy” around marriage and childbearing has repeatedly clashed with the shifting ideals of young Chinese — particularly women — who are tired of government lectures about filial piety and familial responsibility.
Mexico elects Claudia Sheinbaum as first female president
Claudia Sheinbaum has been elected as Mexico’s first female president, in a historic landslide win.
Mexico’s official electoral authority said preliminary results showed the 61-year-old former mayor of Mexico City winning between 58% and 60% of the vote in Sunday’s election.
That gives her a lead of about 30 percentage points over her main rival, businesswoman Xóchitl Gálvez.
Ms Sheinbaum will replace her mentor, outgoing President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, on 1 October.
Ms Sheinbaum, a former energy scientist, has promised continuity, saying that she will continue to build on the “advances” made by Mr López Obrador, further building on the welfare programmes which have made the outgoing president very popular.
But in her victory speech she also highlighted what has set this Mexican election apart from previous ones. She told cheering voters: “For the first time in the 200 years of the [Mexican] Republic, I will become the first woman president of Mexico.”
She said it was an achievement not just for her but for all women.
“I’ve said it from the start, this is not just about me getting [to the top office], it’s about all of us getting here.”
She added: “I won’t fail you.”
Ms Sheinbaum also thanked her rival, Xóchitl Gálvez, who has conceded victory.
Mexico’s first female president breaks political glass ceiling
Prior to running for president, Ms Sheinbaum was mayor of Mexico City, one of the most influential political positions in the country and one that is seen as paving the way for the presidency.
Ms Sheinbaum, whose Jewish maternal grandparents immigrated to Mexico from Bulgaria fleeing the Nazis, had an illustrious career as a scientist before delving into politics. Her paternal grandparents hailed from Lithuania.
Both of her parents were scientists and Ms Sheinbaum studied physics before going on to receive a doctorate in energy engineering.
She spent years at a renowned research lab in California studying Mexican energy consumption patterns and became an expert on climate change.
That experience and her student activism eventually earned her the position of secretary of the environment for Mexico City at the time when Andrés Manuel López Obrador was mayor of the capital.
In 2018 she became the first female mayor of Mexico City, a post she held until 2023, when she stepped down to run for president.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp4475gwny1o
Politics
Anti-tax protesters storm Kenya’s parliament, drawing police fire as president vows to quash unrest
NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — Thousands of protesters stormed Kenya’s parliament Tuesday to protest tax proposals, burning part of the building, sending lawmakers fleeing and drawing fire from police in unrest that the president vowed to quash. Several people were killed.
The finance bill was meant to raise or introduce taxes or fees on a range of daily items and services including internet data, fuel, bank transfers and diapers. Some measures were stripped as anger grew. The proposals are part of the Kenyan government’s efforts to raise an extra $2.7 billion in domestic revenue.
It was the most direct assault on the government in decades. Journalists saw at least three bodies outside the complex where police had opened fire, and medical workers reported five people killed. Clashes spread to other cities. There was no immediate word on arrests.
“Today’s events mark a critical turning point on how we respond to threats to our national security,” President William Ruto said, calling the events “treasonous” and vowing to quash the unrest “at whatever cost.”
Kenya’s defense minister said the military had been deployed to support police during the “security emergency” and “breaching of critical infrastructure.”
Protesters had demanded that legislators vote against a finance bill imposing new taxes on East Africa’s economic hub, where frustrations over the high cost of living have simmered. Youth who had voted Ruto into power with cheers for his promises of economic relief have taken to the streets to object to the pain of reforms.
War
Putin calls for resuming production of missiles banned in scrapped treaty with US
President Vladimir Putin has called for resuming production in Russia of intermediate-range missiles that were banned under a now-scrapped treaty with the US.
The Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty was regarded as an arms control landmark when then-Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and US president Ronald Reagan signed it in the 1980s.
It banned ground-based missiles with a range of between 310 and 3,410 miles (500 to 5,500 km).
The US withdrew from the treaty in 2019, citing Russian violations.
“We need to start production of these strike systems and then, based on the actual situation, make decisions about where – if necessary to ensure our safety – to place them,” Mr Putin said at a meeting of Russia’s national security council on Friday.
Mr Putin said Russia had not produced such missiles since the 2019 treaty scrapping, but that “today it is known that the United States not only produces these missile systems, but has already brought them to Europe for exercises, to Denmark. Quite recently it was announced that they are in the Philippines.”
The US has tested missiles that would have been banned by the INF treaty since it was scrapped.
The end of the INF was a milestone in the deterioration of relations between the US and Russia.
The last remaining arms control pact between Washington and Moscow is the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, which limits each country to no more than 1,550 deployed nuclear warheads and 700 deployed missiles and bombers.
It is set to expire in 2026, and the lack of discussion about anchoring a successor deal has worried arms control advocates.
The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) has said that Mr Putin’s statement was “part of the Kremlin’s ongoing reflexive control campaign… aimed at discouraging Western military assistance to Ukraine”.
“The Kremlin has invoked the fear of a nuclear confrontation between Russia and the West throughout its full-scale invasion to push the West to self-deter from providing Ukraine the weapons it needs to sustain its defence against Russian forces,” the ISW said.
“The Kremlin notably employs this effort during key moments in Western political discussions about further military assistance to Ukraine.”
In June, Mr Putin spoke to executives from international news organisations about Moscow’s use of nuclear weapons.
“We have a nuclear doctrine, look what it says,” he said. “If someone’s actions threaten our sovereignty and territorial integrity, we consider it possible for us to use all means at our disposal. This should not be taken lightly, superficially.”
Iran’s UN mission threatens ‘obliterating war’ if Israel launches Lebanon offensive
Iran’s mission to the United Nations said on Friday that if Israel embarks on a “full-scale military aggression” in Lebanon against Hezbollah, “an obliterating war will ensue.”
The warning came after the Israel Defense Force attacked several Hezbollah positions, in response to the Iran-backed terror group’s latest barrage on northern Israel hours earlier, amid escalating tensions on the Lebanese border.
Writing on X on Friday, the Iranian UN mission said that if Israel were to launch a war on Hezbollah, “all options, including the full involvement of all resistance fronts, are on the table.”
headquarters in New York, February 23, 2023. (AP Photo/Bebeto Matthews)
Iran’s mission to the United Nations said on Friday that if Israel embarks on a “full-scale military aggression” in Lebanon against Hezbollah, “an obliterating war will ensue.”
The warning came after the Israel Defense Force attacked several Hezbollah positions, in response to the Iran-backed terror group’s latest barrage on northern Israel hours earlier, amid escalating tensions on the Lebanese border.
Writing on X on Friday, the Iranian UN mission said that if Israel were to launch a war on Hezbollah, “all options, including the full involvement of all resistance fronts, are on the table.”
Iran’s “Axis of Resistance,” which includes Hezbollah, Hamas, Yemen’s Houthis, and other groups in Syria and Iraq, has been targeting Israel since October 7, when thousands of Hamas-led terrorists stormed southern Israel, killing 1,200 people and taking 251 hostages, sparking the war in Gaza.
Iran itself also launched an unprecedented missile-and-drone strike on Israel on April 14, two weeks after an alleged Israel airstrike near Tehran’s embassy in Damascus killed several senior officers of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The Iranian strike was almost entirely repelled by Israel, the United States and other allies, though a 7-year-old girl was seriously injured in the attack.
“The value of money lies in its use. If more money is accumulated than is necessary, it becomes valueless for lack of use. The money you keep idle and valueless makes you responsible for the injustice done to the hungry and the naked. Spiritual practice does not teach forsaking the world. It teaches the right and correct use of all property, crude or subtle.”
— Shrii P.R. Sarkar
THE END
June 20, 2024
Education in politics
Trump Says He Would Give Green Cards to All Foreign College Students at Graduation
Mr. Trump’s promise to Silicon Valley investors was a sharp departure from immigration curbs he enacted during his presidency. His campaign walked it back soon after.
Donald J. Trump said he would push for a program that would automatically give green cards to all foreign college students in America after they graduate, a reversal from restrictions he enacted as president on immigration by high-skilled workers and students to the United States.
But hours after Mr. Trump’s remarks aired, his campaign’s press secretary, Karoline Leavitt, walked back the former president’s comments, saying in a statement that there would be an “aggressive vetting process” that would “exclude all communists, radical Islamists, Hamas supporters, America haters and public charges” and that the policy would apply only to the “most skilled graduates who can make significant contributions to America.”
Appearing with the host David Sacks, a Silicon Valley investor who backs the former president’s 2024 campaign, on a podcast that aired Thursday afternoon, Mr. Trump had repeated his frequent criticism of high levels of immigration as an “invasion of our country.” But he was then pressed by Jason Calacanis, another investor who hosts the podcast, to “promise us you will give us more ability to import the best and brightest around the world to America.”
USDA awards $50M to help farms hire migrant workers
The grants are part of a pilot effort to expand legal migratory pathways in northern Central America through the H-2A visa program.
Dive Brief:
The U.S. Department of Agriculture on Friday said it awarded $50 million for farms to attract temporary workers under the H-2A visa program, part of a pilot program to expand legal migratory pathways in Guatemala and other northern Central American countries.
Grants as high as $1.7 million went to 141 businesses across 40 states and Puerto Rico. The funding will assist 177 unique agricultural operations and over 11,000 workers, the USDA said.
The grants are meant to help farms address labor shortages while improving working standards and expanding regular migration pathways for workers in Northern Triangle countries including Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.
Dive Insight:
As the U.S. grapples with a significant farmworker shortage, agricultural businesses often rely on the H-2A visa program to secure temporary, seasonal workers and fill labor shortfalls. However, the program is both expensive for farms and rife with abuse and exploitation.
The USDA effort, known as the Farm Labor Stabilization and Protection Pilot Program, is a small step toward bolstering labor standards in the farm industry while also addressing the mounting costs of the seasonal worker program. Farms are eligible for funding if they commit to fulfilling all baseline requirements of the H-2A visa program and pledge additional worker benefits and protections.
“These awards will largely support small and mid-sized farms to ensure they can hire and retain the workers they need to be competitive in the market,” Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said in a statement. ”Improving working conditions and quality of life for farmworkers, both U.S. based workers and those that come to our country to work, is one key step in building a stronger, more resilient food supply chain.”
The accelerating pace of climate change is undermining human rights across the board – including the most basic one of all: the right to life – WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo told a high-level presidential discussion at the United Nations Human Rights Council.
“The climate crisis is THE defining challenge that humanity faces. It is closely intertwined with the inequality crisis. It has cascading impacts on food security, population displacement and migration, health, energy, water. Every single one of the Sustainable Development Goals is affected,” said Celeste Saulo during the panel discussion.
Sea level rise is threatening the very existence of small island developing states. Heatwaves, floods, droughts, wildfires and rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones undermine multiple human rights – as witnessed by recent and ongoing extreme events, she said.
The event was entitled “The link between climate change, food security and health security, and their impacts on the enjoyment of human rights.” It was convened by the President of the Human Rights Council, Omar Zniber, and included top human rights officials and heads of Geneva-based UN organizations and specialized agencies.
WMO’s annual State of the Climate reports highlight the socio-economic impacts of climate change and extreme weather, with input from the International Organization, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, World Food Programme, World Health Organization and more.
Displacement: Weather and climate change impacts trigger new, prolonged, and secondary displacement. They increase the vulnerability of people who were already uprooted by conflict and violence.
At the end of 2023, almost 3 in 4 forcibly displaced people were living in countries with high-to-extreme exposure to climate-related hazards, according to UNHCR.
Food insecurity is on the increase.
The number of people who are acutely food insecure worldwide has more than doubled, from 149 million people before the COVID-19 pandemic to 333 million and people in 2023, according to WFP.
In 2022, 9.2% of the global population, or 735.1 million people, were undernourished.
Protracted conflicts, economic downturns, high food prices are at the root of high global food insecurity levels. This is aggravated by naturally occurring phenomena like El Niño and La Niña and long-term climate change the effects of climate and weather extremes, she said.
Climate change is sabotaging people’s health and setting back public health progress.
This is not the future we want for our children. Our children have the right to live and thrive on a sustainable and healthy planet.
However, there is hope. The transition to renewable energy can improve basic socio-economic rights – the right to development.
Renewable energy sources are available almost everywhere, making energy access more equitable and allowing countries to develop their economies. Currently, more than half of Africa people lack the access to electricity, but Africa continent possesses some of the world’s greatest potential for solar power generation.
Such potential holds the key to alleviate poverty and support socio-economic development.
“We are motivated by the fact that our work has a human dimension. To save human lives and protect human rights,” said Celeste Saulo.
If You Take These Medications, You May Have Higher Health Risks on Hot Days
As summer temperatures soar, it’s crucial for those taking specific medications to be extra vigilant about staying hydrated and managing heat-related risks. Prolonged heatwaves can adversely impact the effectiveness and safety of many commonly prescribed drugs, potentially leading to dehydration, dizziness, fainting, and other health complications.
Diuretics: A Heightened Risk of Dehydration
Diuretics, or “water pills,” are medications commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure, heart failure and certain kidney disorders. These drugs work by increasing the excretion of water and sodium from the body, effectively reducing fluid volume. However, during a heatwave, this mechanism can quickly lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and exacerbate heat-related illnesses. So, make sure to rehydrate yourself.
Beta Blockers: Impaired Heat Regulation
Beta blockers are widely used to manage high blood pressure, heart conditions and migraines. These medications can interfere with the body’s ability to regulate temperature effectively. By blocking the effects of adrenaline, beta blockers can reduce sweating, which is the body’s natural cooling mechanism. Consequently, individuals taking beta blockers may experience increased body temperatures and are at a higher risk of heat exhaustion or heat stroke during hot weather.
ACE Inhibitors: Dehydration and Low Blood Pressure
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure, heart failure and kidney disorders. These medications can cause excessive fluid loss and dehydration, particularly during hot weather when the body is already losing fluids through perspiration. Additionally, ACE inhibitors may contribute to low blood pressure, increasing the risk of dizziness, fainting, and falls, especially in elderly individuals.
Antidepressants and Stimulants: Impaired Thermoregulation
Certain antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), can affect the body’s ability to regulate temperature. Similarly, stimulant medications used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), like methylphenidate and amphetamines, may also impair thermoregulation and increase the risk of heat-related illnesses.
1. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water and fluids throughout the day, even if you don’t feel thirsty. Infuse them with electrolytes to ensure mineral balance. Avoid alcoholic and caffeinated beverages that may dehydrate you.
2. Use air conditioning: Spend as much time as possible in an air-conditioned environment, be it at your home, office or public buildings. If air conditioning is not available, seek out cooler areas or use fans to promote air circulation.
3. Limit outdoor activities: Avoid them during the hottest parts of the day. If you must be outside, take frequent breaks in shaded or cooled areas.
4. Dress appropriately: Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing that allows for proper air circulation and perspiration.
NASA administrator says ‘at least a trillion’ other planets like Earth could exist in universe
NASA administrator Bill Nelson has made a bold statement that sparks curiosity and wonder by saying that there could be at least a trillion “Earth-like” planets in the universe. This incredible number suggests that the possibility of alien life is much higher than we might have thought.
Nelson made this statement while talking about NASA’s plans. The space agency is preparing to send astronauts back to the moon. “Four astronauts are set to orbit the moon next year,” Nelson said. But this mission is not just about returning to the moon. “We don’t need to go back to the moon just for the moon. We’re going back to learn new things. For us to go to Mars and beyond,” he explained.
At the same time, NASA’s Perseverance Rover is busy exploring Mars, specifically the Jezero Crater, which scientists think was once a lake filled with rivers. This area could have supported life in the past. Nelson talked about the rover’s tasks: “It’s getting samples and it’s drilling with this drill, creating these core samples about the size of a cigar and sealing them up in these titanium tubes.”
Bill Nelson Highlights NASA’s Broader Search for Alien Life
These samples are crucial for understanding Mars’ history. “We’re trying to figure out right now how we’re going to go back and get them and bring them back to Earth so that we got an idea of whether or not there was life there,” Nelson stated. NASA plans to bring these samples back in the 2030s with help from various companies.
NASA’s search for alien life goes beyond Mars. The agency, working with Firebird Diagnostics, is exploring other signs of life in the universe. “NASA’s mission is to go out, among other things, and discover whether or not we are alone,” expressed Firebird Diagnostics Founder Steven Benner. His company is helping NASA understand different forms of DNA that might exist in alien life.
Benner asks an intriguing question, “It’s a big question as to how molecular biology could be done if it was done by an organism that does not share a common ancestor, a common origin, with you and me.” This research could change our understanding of biology and life.
When asked about extraterrestrial life, Nelson shared his thoughts. “If you ask me directly, do I think that there are aliens here on Earth? I don’t think so. I don’t know. And I don’t think the US government is hiding anything from anybody. But if you ask me, ‘Do I think there’s life out there in the cosmos?’”
NASA’s ongoing exploration and research bring us closer to answering the age-old question of whether we are alone in the universe. Each mission and discovery offer new clues and keep hope alive that we might find signs of life beyond Earth
Woman finds priceless 2,000-year-old Mayan vase in Maryland thrift store
Most dedicated thrifters usually find junk on the clearance rack, but one Washington, D.C., woman discovered a link to ancient history when she purchased a 2,000-year-old Mayan vase.
The priceless artifact bought by Anna Lee Dozier in a Clinton, Maryland, thrift store came at a bargain, costing only US$3.99 (C$5.50).
Officials said the vase is believed to have been made by Indigenous Mayan people in Mexico between 200 and 800 CE.
Dozier, who told WUSA9 she purchased the vase five years ago, said she did not know the artifact was the real thing.
She said the vase looked “old-ish” and she suspected it to be a 20- or 30-year-old tourist reproduction of Mayan-style pottery. Dozier liked the vase anyway and decided to bring it home.
The vase stayed in Dozier’s residence until January of this year, when she visited Mexico’s Museum of Anthropology and realized the museum’s Mayan pottery looked strikingly similar to the one that she thrifted.
Dozier said she asked an employee at the Museum of Anthropology how she could go about repatriating her thrifted vase.
The staff member told Dozier it was a common question but seemed “skeptical” of her inquiry.
Regardless, Dozier contacted the U.S. embassy with details about the vase.
Dozier later learned the vase is, in fact, a ceremonial urn from the ancient Mayan community.
On Tuesday, Mexico’s ambassador to the U.S., Esteban Moctezuma Barragán, thanked Dozier for her “generosity” in repatriating the artifact.
He said the vase would be reintegrated in the country’s Museum of Anthropology, alongside other Mayan antiques.
Dozier told WUSA9 she’s “thrilled” to have repatriated the vase.
“I would like it to go back to its rightful place and to where it belongs,” she said.
Dozier admitted she wanted the artifact “out of my home” because she has three young sons and would have been “petrified that after 2,000 years, I would be the one to wreck it!”
She is not the only person to ever find a priceless, historical object for sale in a thrift store. In 2018, an art collector in Texas discovered a 2,000-year-old Roman marble bust at her local Goodwill and bought it for $35. The bust formerly resided inside a full-scale model of a villa from Pompeii in Aschaffenburg, Germany, but was stolen from the country during the Second World War.
Archaeologists unearth mystery stone building on site of new Crete airport
The airport is projected to be Greece’s second biggest when it opens.
An archeological discovery in Crete is puzzling experts – and could stand in the way of a major new airport which is under construction.
The round stone building was uncovered by archaeologists on the site where the new Greek airport’s radar station was meant to be built.
The original purpose of the building is puzzling experts. “It may have been periodically used for possibly ritual ceremonies involving consumption of food, wine, and perhaps offerings,” Greece’s Culture Minstry said in a statement.
It has been decided that the discovery will not stop the airport being built. Greece’s Culture Minister Lina Mendoni pledged that the find would be preserved while a different location would be sought for the radar station.
“We all understand the value and importance of cultural heritage … as well as the growth potential” of the new airport project, says Mendoni, who is herself an archaeologists.
“It’s possible to go ahead with the airport while granting the antiquities the protection they merit.”
Set to open in 2027, the Crete airport is projected to replace Greece’s second-biggest airport at Heraklion, and designed to handle up to 18 million travelers annually.
It’s one of 35 archeological finds at the site
Greece’s Culture Ministry said this week that the structure is a “unique and extremely interesting find” from Crete‘s Minoan civilisation, famous for its sumptuous palaces, flamboyant art and enigmatic writing system.
It’s not the first finding at the airport site. So far, at least another 35 archaeological sites have been uncovered during work on the new Kastelli airport and its road connections, the ministry said.
At the end of the last century, an entire hilltop fortified settlement from the 3rd millennium B.C. was excavated and then destroyed during construction work for Athens International Airport.
With roots in India, Yoga unites people with its values of balance, mindfulness, peace: UN chief Antonio Guterres
“Yoga has roots in India and is now embraced globally, uniting people with its values of balance, mindfulness and peace,” United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has said.
In his message on the 10th International Yoga Day, Mr. Guterres urged people to be inspired by the ancient practice’s timeless values and its call for a more peaceful and harmonious future.
In December 2014, the UN proclaimed June 21 as the International Day of Yoga, recognising its universal appeal. The draft UN General Assembly resolution establishing the International Day of Yoga was proposed by India and endorsed by a record 175 member states.
“The International Day of Yoga recognises the ancient practice’s unmatched power to deliver healing, inner peace and physical, spiritual and mental well-being,” Mr. Guterres said in his message on June 21 as the world celebrated the 10th International Yoga Day.
“With roots in India but now embraced worldwide by people of all faiths and cultures, Yoga unites people with its values of balance, mindfulness and peace with people and planet alike,” Mr. Guterres said in the message posted on X by the Permanent Mission of India to the UN.
He noted that this year’s theme ‘Yoga for Self and Society’ reminds “us of Yoga’s important role in enhancing people’s lives and the wider community. On this important day, let us all be inspired by Yoga’s timeless values and its call for a more peaceful and harmonious future,” the UN chief said.
Hajj pilgrimage death toll climbs into the hundreds
The official death toll from this year’s Hajj pilgrimage has soared to almost 500 and the true toll could be more than double that as reports emerged that as many as 600 Egyptian worshipers perished on the route to Mecca amid extreme heat.
At least 14 Malaysians, 165 Indonesians, 75 Jordanians, 35 Pakistanis, 49 Tunisians, 11 Iranians and 98 Indians have died, according to authorities in each country. A further 27 Jordanians are hospitalized and around 14 are still missing, the Jordanian Foreign Ministry said.
The US State Department said multiple US citizens died during the Hajj pilgrimage but did not provide a number. “We can confirm the deaths of multiple U.S. citizens in Saudi Arabia. We offer our sincerest condolences to the families on their loss,” the State Department spokesperson said, adding that the agency stands ready to provide consular assistance.
Dozens of Iranians have also been hospitalized due to heatstroke and other conditions, the Iranian Red Crescent said Wednesday, according to Iran’s semi-official Tasnim news agency.
According to a CNN tally, this brings the latest official death toll for this year’s pilgrimage to at least 480.
The death tolls are expected to rise much further, as Saudi Arabia and Egypt have yet to release official figures. Additionally, the governments are only aware of pilgrims who have registered and traveled to Mecca as part of their country’s quota – more deaths are feared among unregistered pilgrims.
The pilgrims made this year’s journey in dangerously high temperatures of up to 49 degrees Celsius (120 degrees Fahrenheit).
According to the Egyptian presidency, the crisis unit will be headed by Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly, and will “provide support for families of the deceased.”
Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi has also instructed the unit on “speedy coordination with Saudi Arabian authorities to facilitate the return of the bodies” of those who died, the statement added.
The official number of dead Egyptians stands at 28, according to an Egyptian cabinet statement Thursday. However, it is being widely reported by Reuters news agency and other outlets that as many as 500 to 600 Egyptians perished on the route.
Egyptian officials said they were working to gather an accurate tally of victims and missing persons. The discrepancy stems from vast numbers of unregistered pilgrims who are not accounted for among those who have registered and traveled to Mecca as part of their country’s quota.
Thousands more have been treated for heatstroke after an estimated crowd of 1.8 million Muslims contended with the high temperatures.
The Saudi Ministry of Health implemented safety measures including cooling stations along the official route, and urged pilgrims to use umbrellas and stay hydrated, The Associated Press reported. Despite this, this year’s event was overshadowed by tragedy, raising questions over whether more could have been done to ensure people’s safety.
It also highlights the dangers posed for the many unregistered worshipers who want to fulfil their religious duty despite not obtaining a Hajj permit, and who don’t have access to the official facilities.
NATO allies appear to have chosen their next leader ahead of summit
Mark Rutte, who looks set to be NATO’s next secretary-general, is a fierce critic of Russian President Vladimir Putin and a staunch ally of Ukraine who honed his skills as a political dealmaker during nearly 14 years as Dutch prime minister.
Rutte, 57, has been one of the driving forces behind Europe’s military support for Ukraine since Russia’s 2022 invasion, and says defeat on the battlefield for Moscow is vital to secure peace in Europe.
His view is heavily influenced by the downing of an airliner over Ukraine in 2014, which the Netherlands blames on Russia, and in which 196 of the 298 victims were Dutch. NATO must be powerful to counter Moscow, and other European Union leaders must not be naive about Putin’s Russia, he says.
“He won’t stop at Ukraine if we don’t stop him now. This war is bigger than Ukraine itself. It’s about upholding the international rule of law,” Rutte told the United Nations in September 2022, seven months after Russia’s full-scale invasion.
Rutte first took office in 2010 and went on to become the longest-serving Dutch prime minister before announcing last year that he planned to leave national politics.
After the downing of flight MH17, he went from being primarily domestically focused to one of the EU’s main dealmakers, playing an important role in European debates on immigration, debt and the response to COVID-19.
Under his leadership, the Netherlands has increased defense spending to more than the two per cent threshold of GDP required of NATO members, providing F-16 fighter jets, artillery, drones and ammunition to Kyiv and investing heavily in its own military.
Under his leadership, the Netherlands has increased defense spending to more than the two per cent threshold of GDP required of NATO members, providing F-16 fighter jets, artillery, drones and ammunition to Kyiv and investing heavily in its own military.
Stoltenberg said on Tuesday Rutte was a “very strong” candidate to replace him and a decision was near.
Under Stoltenberg, who joined a few months after Russia annexed Crimea from Ukraine in 2014, the alliance has added Montenegro, North Macedonia, Finland and Sweden as new members.
Some members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization had hoped Estonian Prime Minister Kaja Kallas would become the first woman to lead NATO but others saw her as too hawkish towards Russia.
Designer of World’s Tallest Building Wants to Turn Skyscrapers Into Batteries
The company behind Dubai’s 828-meter-high tower plans to harness gravity to offset construction emissions.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill has developed a series of prototype designs that use electric motors to elevate massive blocks, creating potential energy that can be converted into electricity when the blocks are lowered. The designs are based on technology developed by partner Energy Vault Holdings as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries and other types of chemical cells. They are seeking developer partners interested in offsetting greenhouse gas pollution from buildings, which the United Nations estimates are responsible for almost 40% of global emissions.
The concept is similar to widely used pumped hydroelectric plants. Energy Vault completed its first major project this month near Shanghai, a stand-alone storage system that can supply as much as 25 megawatts of power for four hours. Other companies are testing new types of gravity storage systems, including ones using abandoned oil wells and mines.
Building owners and designers have a growing number of tools to limit carbon emissions from day-to-day operations, from better insulation to heat pumps. However, there are no substitutes for steel and concrete, which are critical components of modern buildings and major sources of carbon emissions. There are efforts to decarbonize those materials, but they remain far from reaching a meaningful scale. For building owners looking to zero out emissions, turning a skyscraper into a massive battery is one avenue, according to Bill Baker, a consulting partner at Chicago-based SOM.
SOM has created four storage system prototypes based on this concept. Three are standalone systems that use either heavy blocks or water, with two built into hillsides and a third that’s a tall, cylindrical tower. The last is intended for urban areas, a towering skyscraper that could include residential, retail and office spaces. Energy Vault’s Shanghai project is about 150 meters (490 feet) high, but SOM’s skyscraper batteries may be much higher, starting at 300 meters.
Baba says : “As regards the intellectual exploitation of others, nearly all vipras think alike, so when they operate their machinery of exploitation, quite a remarkable unity can be discerned among them. When Mahatma Buddha, Kabir, Chaitanya, Guru Nanaka and Hazrat Mohammed tried to make people aware of religious exploitation, the vipras of those times, irrespective of their religious affiliations or beliefs, united against them. Hindu priests and Muslim mullahs united to fight against Mahatma Kabir. The same thing occurred at the time of Mahaprabhu Chaitanyadeva.”
Reference : Human Society – 2, The Vipra Age
June 15, 2024
South Africa’s President Ramaphosa is reelected for second term after a dramatic late coalition deal.
CAPE TOWN, South Africa (AP) — South African President Cyril Ramaphosa was reelected by lawmakers for a second term on Friday, after his party struck a dramatic late coalition deal with a former political foe just hours before the vote.
Ramaphosa, the leader of the African National Congress, won convincingly in Parliament against a surprise candidate who was also nominated — Julius Malema of the far-left Economic Freedom Fighters. Ramaphosa received 283 votes to Malema’s 44 in the 400-member house.
The 71-year-old Ramaphosa secured his second term with the help of lawmakers from the country’s second biggest party, the Democratic Alliance, and some smaller parties. They backed him in the vote and got him over the finish line following the ANC’s loss of its long-held majority in a landmark election two weeks ago that reduced it to 159 seats in Parliament.
South Africa is the most unequal country in the world, according to the World Bank. Citizens are also contending with the highest sustained rate of unemployment in the world, rampant corruption, feeble economic growth, crippling power cuts and rising violent crime.
Black South Africans, who make up 81% of the population, are at the sharp end of this dire situation. Unemployment and poverty remain concentrated in the Black majority, in large part due to the failure of public schooling, while most White South Africans have jobs and command considerably higher wages.
CAIR-LA Condemns UCLA Administration’s Censorship of Pro-Palestinian Activism With Threats to Withhold Degrees From Peaceful Anti-Genocide Student Protesters
The Greater Los Angeles Area office of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR-LA) today condemned the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for threatening to withhold degrees from 55 students who were arrested earlier this month for their participation in the school’s peaceful anti-genocide encampment in attempts to further suppress their pro-Palestinian advocacy.
On May 2, UCLA’s militarized police response to the university’s Gaza Solidarity Encampment led to the arrest of around 200 students peacefully protesting the Israeli government’s genocide in Gaza. At least 55 of those students have reportedly received letters from their school’s administration accusing them of violating the student code of conduct, including “disorderly behavior” and “disturbing the peace.”
The letters reportedly require the students to schedule a meeting with university leadership by Wednesday, June 5, where they will “be given the opportunity to explain this situation from [their] perspective.” Students were warned that an academic hold would be placed on their records if they didn’t attend their meetings, preventing them from registering for classes, receiving their final grades, or graduating. Some students say they already have active holds placed on their online accounts.
CAIR-LA is Southern California’s largest Muslim civil liberties and advocacy organization. Its mission is to enhance the understanding of Islam, protect civil rights, promote justice and empower American Muslims.
Leading Scholars Call for Global Treaty on Free Education
Seventy eminent scholars, experts, and researchers from 30 countries have called for a new international treaty to recognize children’s rights to free early childhood education and free secondary education.
According to the experts, well-established scientific evidence shows “unequivocally” that education is foundational to children’s healthy development and lifelong prospects, but international law has not kept pace with research showing the benefits of education.
The 1948 Universal Declaration on Human Rights and subsequent treaties mandate that primary education be free and compulsory for all but are silent on early childhood education. They also stop short of requiring that secondary education be made available free, calling only on states to make it “available and accessible.”
After 70 years, the scholars say, “We believe it is time for that to change.”
The scholars call on all governments to support a new optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child to ensure recognition of the right to free early childhood education and free secondary education, alongside the existing explicit right to free and compulsory primary education.
The scholars note stark inequalities in access to education and children’s educational outcomes within and between countries, especially for children from disadvantaged and marginalized communities. The experts call for an “urgent renewed commitment” to education systems that will result in just and equitable outcomes for all children, and say it is essential this commitment be backed by a legal mandate to ensure its success.
The scholars’ call comes ahead of the 56th session of the United Nations Human Rights Council, beginning on June 18, at which governments will likely consider a resolution led by Luxembourg, Sierra Leone, and the Dominican Republic to begin a process to create a protocol focused on the right to free education from pre-primary through secondary school.
Millions of children are missing out on schooling because of cost. A new global treaty mandating free education for all children from pre-primary through secondary would be transformative for children, families, and societies. According to the scholars, “Not only is education valuable in its own right, it has a multiplier effect—that is, education helps position children to secure their other rights during childhood and subsequently as adults. At a societal level, investing in education is any country’s most effective policy tool to ensure prosperity, social cohesion, and sustainable development.”
Could bird flu in cows lead to a human outbreak? Slow response worries scientists
By April 24, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) had reported 33 herd detections of H5N1 in eight states: Idaho, Kansas, Michigan, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Texas. In cattle, H5N1 virus shows up in the mammary glands. Infected animals typically produce less milk. The milk looks different, too, with an appearance like colostrum, the thick, nutrient-rich yellowish milk that new mothers produce for a few days following a birth. Cattle don’t die from H5N1 infection, and the isolated human case was relatively benign. The worker’s only symptom was conjunctivitis, or pink eye. (The worker may have been infected during milking procedures that can generate infectious aerosols or through hand-to-eye contact.)
Is milk a risk for humans? A recent preprint reports that cats residing in farms with infected cattle were infected (and experienced serious disease) after consuming raw milk. Human consumption of raw milk carries other infectious risks in any case, but at present it should be strictly prohibited until it is known whether these cattle H5N1 infections are a rare event or a precursor of an extended cattle-H5N1 interaction.
Is pasteurization thorough enough to alleviate the risks of H5N1 presence in the milk of infected cattle? An April 24 announcement from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) noted that viral particles were identified through testing in pasteurized milk samples, although the initial results from further experiments did not demonstrate the presence of “viable” infectious virus.
A previous study demonstrated that pasteurization for a period of six hours was adequate in inactivating numerous viruses in blood plasma, including an H5N1 strain, which did not behave differently from other enveloped viruses in this context. The virus would thus not be expected to demonstrate any peculiar resistance patterns to milk pasteurization, which remains an effective process of eliminating viral transmission risks. Another study focusing on chicken meat heavily infected with H5N1 showed that, at 70o Celsius, well below standard oven temperatures, 5.5 seconds of heating was sufficient to achieve a massive reduction of viral concentrations. Also, a study on avian influenza-infected eggs in the past showed that the virus was susceptible to thermal inactivation.
As the University of Guelph’s Scott Weese notes in a recent blogpost, even if infected milk enters the milk supply, milk from other sources will cause it to be rapidly diluted. Results of studies and experiments on the effect of pasteurization in H5N1-infected milk from the current outbreak could help alleviate the average consumer’s fears regarding milk.
Is cattle infection a step towards adaptation to humans? Researchers at Iowa State University investigated genetic markers in viral samples from infected cattle and demonstrated the presence of features suggesting the virus in cattle had increased affinity for receptors on human cells and increased mammalian virulence. In a preprint not yet peer reviewed, the researchers found certain point mutations that would increase the affinity that the hemagglutinin (HA) viral protein, responsible for binding to living species’ receptors, has for mammalian receptors.
Baltimore key shipping channel fully reopens after Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse
The main shipping channel into the Baltimore port was fully restored for commercial transit, after the March 26 collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge.
The bridge toppled after the cargo ship Dali crashed into the infrastructure.
The restoration follows a cleanup process that removed about 50,000 tons of bridge wreckage from the Patapsco River, allowing for the gradual reopening of the channel in the weeks since.
The main passageway into the Baltimore port was fully restored after the March 26 collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge, which left six people dead and obstructed maritime traffic into the harbor.
The bridge toppled after the cargo ship Dali crashed into the infrastructure, choking a major shipping artery into the U.S.′ busiest auto port.
The Port of Baltimore processed a record 1.1 million containers and $80.8 billion in foreign cargo value last year, according to state data. Six highway construction crew members who were carrying out overnight road work plunged to their deaths during the incident.
For millennia, ancient Egyptian doctors were trailblazers—and evidence detected on skulls suggests its doctors may have even attempted to treat cancer.
Ancient Egypt is perhaps best known for its pyramids, mummies and hieroglyphics. But its medical doctors might have had the most lasting influence on humanity. From surgery and dentistry to prosthetics and obstetrics, the ancient Egyptians made numerous medical advances over the course of their roughly 3,000-year-long civilization. They even made rudimentary attempts to cure cancer.
Thanks to several surviving medical papyri—as well as temple and tomb carvings and scientific examination of human remains—researchers have been able to glean much about medical practices in ancient Egypt. Egyptians took medicine seriously, referring to it as the “necessary art,” they established centers of medical learning, and both men and women could be doctors.
Egypt Was World-Renown for its Doctors
In fact, the first mention of doctors in recorded history comes from Egypt’s Old Kingdom, the era when the Great Pyramids of Giza were constructed. Around the 25th century B.C., a physician apparently cured the pharaoh of an ailment in his nostrils. Even earlier, commoner-born Imhotep, who was also an architect, priest and political advisor, received such renown as a medical practitioner that he was ultimately deified as a god of medicine.
Eventually, Egyptian doctors gained such a reputation for competency that leaders from Persia and elsewhere purportedly sought them out. In The Odyssey, the Greek poet Homer wrote that Egyptians “are more skilled in medicine than any of human kind.”
Much like today, some ancient Egyptian doctors served as specialists. “Each physician is a healer of one disease and no more,” wrote the Greek historian Herodotus. “All the country is full of physicians, some of the eye, some of the teeth, some of what pertains to the belly, and some of the hidden diseases.” There were even proctologists, the literal term for which translated to “shepherd of the anus.”
“We are talking about a society that at the time had the most advanced medicine that ever existed,” says Edgard Camarós, a paleopathologist at the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain.
Even the most vulnerable members of society, not just the rich and powerful, received some level of care. “The Egyptians were very considerate of people with deformities and disabilities. They didn’t treat them as outcasts,” says Rosalie David, an emeritus professor of Egyptology at the University of Manchester in England and co-author of Medicine and Healing Practices in Ancient Egypt. “That’s another big difference between Egypt and the rest of the surrounding world.”
Skull Cutmarks Suggest Attempts to Treat Cancer
The medical papyri and various engravings depict ancient Egyptian physicians operating on patients, using scalpels, forceps, scissors and other tools that remain in use today. Evidence exists that the Egyptians performed oral surgeries and amputations, and that they sliced open boils and abscesses to drain them of pus.
Back then (and to some extent today), cancer was incurable. The Egyptians themselves recognized this, with the so-called Edwin Smith Papyrus describing a breast cancer case for which there was no treatment. The graveness of the disease, however, didn’t stop them from trying to find a cure, according to a study published May 29, 2024, in the journal Frontiers in Medicine.
For the study, lead author Camarós and his team microscopically examined a more than 4,000-year-old skull from Egypt’s Old Kingdom. The skull, belonging to a male in his thirties, showed signs of nasopharyngeal cancer (a type of head and neck cancer), which the researchers already knew about. But they were shocked to discover cutmarks, likely made with a metal instrument, around three of the skull’s many secondary tumors.
Camarós believes this must have been the earliest-known attempt to treat cancer, or perhaps a postmortem autopsy to better understand the disease. Either way, Camarós says, “it cannot be any other thing but a surgical intervention with a medical focus,” which he calls “a milestone in the history of medicine.”
Prosthetics, Dentistry Were Among Practices
Indeed, the Egyptians excelled at healing broken bones, immobilizing them in linen-wrapped splints made of reeds or wood. They furthermore knew how to treat dislocations, how to cauterize, suture and bandage wounds, and how to keep them clean. “They knew that the wounds should be washed, that they should not be exposed to dirt,” Camarós says.
Egyptians also built the world’s oldest known prosthetic devices, including a 3,000-year-old artificial toe made of wood and leather, which probably served a practical, rather than purely aesthetic, function. “If you don’t have the toe,” Camarós says, “you don’t have stability when you walk.”
As for oral care, the Egyptians developed toothpastes made of such ingredients as egg shells, natron and pumice, and they used teeth-cleaning twigs and mouthwashes. However, their exact level of expertise is debated, with some scholars saying they lacked skilled professional dentists. “They had a lot of dental problems,” David says, adding that the teeth of the pharaohs “are just as bad as the ordinary people.”
Contraceptives and Pregnancy Tests
Though certainly not as effective as today’s methods, ancient Egyptian women apparently inserted crocodile dung, mixed with ground-up acacia leaves and honey or sour milk, into their vaginas as a contraceptive. The medical papyri likewise describe methods of abortion and inducing labor, as well as a pregnancy test that involved urinating on barley and emmer (a type of wheat).
Additionally, the ancient Egyptians made use of a ran
A New Documentary Linked Two Major Fragrance Brands to Child Labor
Revelations about the use of child labor have become all too familiar across any number of industries but are particularly troubling when it comes to luxury goods marketed to rich countries. Child labor practices, which are typically shrouded by opaque supply chains, are a scourge of many developing nations and are often the result of systemic economic injustices with which consumers are complicit.
In recent years, the apparel, beauty, and wellness industries have come under fire for child labor practices, including instances of children as young as four working in mines to source and gather mica (often used in shimmery cosmetics but also electronics and automobile parts, among other things) and the mining of “healing” crystals, which is sometimes done by children in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, Myanmar, and other locations.
Now, labor policies in the fragrance industry have come into question. Children were reportedly working to harvest ingredients used in fragrances from two major brands, Lancôme and Aerin Beauty, the BBC found in an investigation that began last year. While researching perfume supply chains, the news outlet discovered that jasmine flowers, a popular fragrance ingredient, were being “picked by minors.”
The fragrances in question are Lancôme’s Idôle L’Intense and Aerin’s Ikat Jasmine and Limone Di Sicilia; both scents contain jasmine sourced from Egypt, which, as the BBC reports, “produces about half the world’s supply of jasmine flowers.” Both brands’ parent companies—L’Oréal and Estée Lauder, respectively—have codes of conduct designed to prevent the use of child labor in their manufacturing processes.
The findings were included in the BBC‘s new documentary, Perfume’s Dark Secret. “The BBC visited Egypt’s jasmine region during the harvest season in the summer of 2023 and found children—some as young as five years old—working in the jasmine fields that were supplying some global brands through factories in Egypt,” the BBC shared in a statement timed to the documentary’s May 28 release.
Letter to the UN, Security Council and Member States on Women’s Rights in Afghanistan
Dear Excellencies,
We write to you ahead of the third UN-convened meeting of Special Envoys and Special Representatives on Afghanistan on 30 June–1 July 2024 in Doha, Qatar (“Doha III”), to continue to discuss the international community’s approach to Afghanistan. More than one year since the first Doha meeting, there is growing concern that the international community lacks the necessary resolve to defend and advocate for the human rights of Afghan women and girls. Many Afghan women civil society have even called for a boycott of continued negotiations with the Taliban until women’s rights are restored.
Ahead of Doha III, we further urge you to ensure the following:
Women’s rights must be a central topic of discussions in Doha. Respect for women’s rights must be a core objective of the international community’s engagement on Afghanistan, and a standing agenda item at all upcoming and future discussions in Doha. Women’s rights must also be addressed in discussions on any other aspect of the situation in Afghanistan, such as the humanitarian crisis, a political process, climate change, counter-narcotics, counter-terrorism, the economy and development efforts.
Principled engagement requires centering human rights and accountability. We urge Member States to coordinate and establish clear safeguards around the following principles:
The full spectrum of women’s human rights must be respected, without exception, in accordance with Afghanistan’s international obligations,[4] including under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). All restrictions violating the rights of Afghan women and girls, including, but not limited to, education, work, movement, assembly, expression and dress must be immediately and unconditionally removed in accordance with Resolution 2681 (2023).
Women’s full, equal, meaningful and safe participation in all aspects of public life and decision-making, including in any political process, must be guaranteed.
All humanitarian actors and their donors must ensure safe, gender-responsive, principled and non-discriminatory humanitarian delivery to all Afghans in need. This requires calling on the Taliban to immediately lift the ban on Afghan women working for the United Nations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which is in violation of the UN Charter and CEDAW; supporting the full and safe participation and leadership of women and women-led organizations in humanitarian decision-making and delivery; ensuring that women aid workers are not replaced by men; and increasing support to humanitarian organizations, particularly those led by Afghan women.
The targeting of all human rights defenders, including women protestors and civil society, peacefully exercising their freedom of expression and assembly, must end immediately.
Perpetrators of violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, including gender persecution and other abuses targeting diverse women and girls, must be heldaccountable.
The international community should reiterate its clear and unified demand for the Taliban to swiftly reverse all policies and practices that restrict the enjoyment by women and girls of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, as per Resolution 2681 (2023), and refrain from sending any countervailing signals that downplay the seriousness of the human rights crisis in the country. Afghan women have been clear that the international community must refrain from granting the Taliban a seat at the UN or inviting them to UN-convened meetings, reopening diplomatic missions in the country or handing over diplomatic missions outside of Afghanistan to them, or lifting sanctions—all of which risk legitimizing a regime that continues to violate women’s human rights, Afghanistan’s international legal obligations, and Security Council resolutions. International experts have further called on Member States to avoid normalization or legitimization of the Taliban until there is demonstrated, measurable and independently verified progress on all human rights, especially women’s rights.[5]
The full, equal, meaningful and safe participation of diverse women civil society and human rights defenders is essential to the legitimacy of the meetings in Doha. Meeting to discuss Afghanistan without half its population represented undermines both the Doha process and its outcomes, as well as any future engagement strategy by the international community. We therefore urge you to ensure that diverse Afghan women, including women human rights defenders, peacebuilders, protestors, youth, and those representing ethnic, religious, LGBTQI+, persons with disabilities and other marginalized groups, are full participants in all discussions and processes in Doha and beyond; that they have regular, and multiple, avenues and opportunities to express their views; that their recommendations are reflected in any outcomes; and that there is full transparency regarding both these processes and their outcomes so that Afghan women and civil society have clarity about how their perspectives inform the international community’s approach to Afghanistan.
The proposed UN Special Envoy for Afghanistan, due to be appointed, must be the principled voice of the international community. The Special Envoy must have a strong track record on human rights and women’s rights, as required by Resolution 2721 (2023); include senior gender and human rights expertise on their team; regularly and meaningfully engage with diverse Afghan women civil society and human rights defenders; and ensure that their views inform all aspects of the Envoy’s work.
A peace summit for Ukraine opens this weekend in Switzerland. But Russia won’t be taking part
Switzerland will host scores of world leaders this weekend to try to map out the first steps toward peace in Ukraine even though Russia, which launched the war, isn’t attending.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s government didn’t want Russia involved. But the Swiss insist that Russia must be involved at some point, and hope it will join the process one day.
The conference on Saturday and Sunday, underpinned by elements of a 10-point peace formula presented by Zelenskyy in late 2022, is seen as a largely symbolic effort on the part of Kyiv to rally the international community and project strength against Russian might.
But the question looming over the summit will be how the two countries can eventually end the war without Moscow attending.
The conflict has also led to international sanctions against nuclear-armed Russia and raised tensions between NATO and Moscow. The summit comes as Russian forces have been making modest territorial gains in eastern and northeastern Ukraine.
Here’s a look at what to expect from the weekend gathering at the Buergenstock Resort on a cliff overlooking Lake Lucerne.
Who’s going?
Among the stakes will be simple optics: How many countries the Swiss and Ukrainians can draw in.
Swiss officials sent out around 160 invitations. About 90 delegations, including a handful of international organizations like the United Nations, will attend. Roughly half will be from Europe. Zelenskyy led a diplomatic push in Asia and beyond to rally participation.
Several dozen attendees will be heads of state or government, including from France, Poland, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany and Canada.
US Vice President Kamala Harris is meeting Zelenskyy on Saturday on the sidelines of the summit, and she’s also expected to deliver an address.
Who are the major no-shows?
US President Joe Biden, who was wrapping up a visit to Italy on Friday for a Group of Seven summit, opted to dispatch Harris and national security adviser Jake Sullivan.
Biden and Zelenskyy signed a 10-year security agreement Thursday at the G7 summit.
Russia’s key ally China won’t attend. The Chinese Foreign Ministry has said it believes a peace conference should involve both Russia and Ukraine.
The final list of attendees isn’t expected until late Friday, and question marks remain about how key developing countries like India, Brazil and Turkey might take part, if at all.
What can be expected?
Naysayers say the conference will be short on substantial achievements. President Vladimir Putin’s government doesn’t believe Switzerland, which has lined up behind European Union sanctions on Moscow over the war, is neutral.
Putin said Friday that “without Russia’s participation, without an honest and responsible dialogue with us, it is impossible to reach a peaceful solution in Ukraine and in general regarding global and European security.” He suggested that the conference is ”just another ploy to divert everyone’s attention.” Participants are expected to unite around an outcome document or a joint plan, and Ukraine will have a lot of input. But ironing out language that delegations can agree upon is still a work in progress.
G7 summit, Borgo Egnazia, Apulia, Italy, 13-15 June 2024
Main results
The G7 summit hosted by this year’s Italian G7 presidency took place in Borgo Egnazia, Apulia, Italy.
The EU was represented by the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, and the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen.
The summit in Apulia was an opportunity for G7 leaders to demonstrate their strong determination to uphold the international order based on the rule of law, and to strengthen their engagement with developing nations.
The main issues addressed during the six working sessions were:
At the end of the summit, the leaders adopted a leaders’ communiqué.
We, the Leaders of the Group of Seven (G7), gathered in Apulia to reaffirm our enduring unity and determination to meet global challenges at a crucial moment in history and as the international community confronts multiple interconnected crises.
We reiterate our shared belief in democratic principles and free societies, universal human rights, social progress, and respect for multilateralism and the rule of law. We commit to providing opportunities and pursuing shared prosperity. We seek to strengthen international rules and norms for the benefit of all.
Our work is grounded in our commitment to respect the UN Charter, safeguard international peace and security, and uphold the free and open rules-based international order. We will support more effective, inclusive and equitable global governance that reflects our changing world. We reaffirm our commitment to uphold human dignity and the rule of law in all parts of the world.
We are working together and with others to address the pressing challenges of our time. We are:
Standing in solidarity to support Ukraine’s fight for freedom and its reconstruction for as long as it takes. In the presence of President Zelenskyy, we decided to make available approximately USD 50 billion leveraging the extraordinary revenues of the immobilized Russian sovereign assets, sending an unmistakable signal to President Putin. We are stepping up our collective efforts to disarm and defund Russia’s military industrial complex.
United in supporting the comprehensive deal that has been put forward, that would lead to an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, the release of all hostages, and a credible pathway towards peace that leads to a two-state solution. We also call for a significant and sustained increase in humanitarian assistance.
Engaging with African countries, in a spirit of equitable and strategic partnership. As they work to deliver sustainable development and industrial growth for their people, we are advancing our respective efforts to invest in sustainable infrastructure, including through the PGII, and we launched the Energy for Growth in Africa initiative, together with several African partners.
Acting to enable countries to invest in their future and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), recognizing that reducing poverty and tackling global challenges go hand in hand. We are doing our part to achieve better, bigger and more effective Multilateral Development Banks, making it possible for the World Bank to boost its lending by USD 70 billion over the next ten years. We are calling for action from the international community to address debt burdens.
Reinforcing global food security and enhancing climate resilience, including by launching the Apulia Food Systems Initiative.
Reaffirming our commitment to gender equality. Together with International Financial Institutions, we will unlock at least USD 20 billion over three years in investments to boost women’s empowerment.
Taking concrete steps to address the triple crisis of climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss, including by submitting ambitious 1.5°C aligned Nationally Determined Contributions. We will spearhead global efforts to preserve forests and oceans, and to end plastic pollution.
Affirming our collective commitment and enhanced cooperation to address migration, tackle the challenges and seize the opportunities that it presents, in partnership with countries of origin and transit. We will focus on the root causes of irregular migration, efforts to enhance border management and curb transnational organized crime, and safe and regular pathways for migration. We launched the G7 Coalition to prevent and counter the smuggling of migrants.
Deepening our cooperation to harness the benefits and manage the risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI). We will launch an action plan on the use of AI in the world of work and develop a brand to support the implementation of the International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems.
Fostering strong and inclusive global economic growth, maintaining financial stability and investing in our economies to promote jobs and accelerate digital and clean energy transitions. We also remain committed to strengthening the rules-based multilateral trading system and to implementing a more stable and fairer international tax system fit for the 21st century.
Acting together to promote economic resilience, confront non-market policies and practices that undermine the level playing field and our economic security, and strengthen our coordination to address global overcapacity challenges.
In taking forward all these priorities, our partnership in the G7 will continue to be guided by our joint commitment to cooperate openly and transparently in a coordinated manner.
We are grateful for the presence of His Holiness Pope Francis and for his contribution.
In a spirit of shared responsibility, we warmly welcome the participation of the Leaders of Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, India, Jordan, Kenya, Mauritania, Tunisia, Türkiye, and the United Arab Emirates.
Biden ‘not confident’ ceasefire will happen soon – and says ‘Hamas has to move’
US President Joe Biden has said he is not confident that a ceasefire between Israel and Gaza will happen soon.
Mr Biden attended today’s G7 leaders’ summit in Italy, where he confirmed to reporters that a ceasefire plan was discussed.
When asked whether he was confident a ceasefire would happen soon, the president replied “no”.
He said that he hadn’t lost hope but added that “Hamas has to move.”
Mr Biden’s three-phase ceasefire plan was accepted by the UN Security Council this week.
The proposal was reported to include the complete withdrawal of Israeli troops from Gaza and would involve Hamas handing over all of its hostages.
However, as we reported this morning, a senior leader of Hamas told Reuters that the complete withdrawal of Israeli troops from Gaza was a change to the deal that they had requested.
Colombia says it will take in wounded Palestinian children for treatment
The Colombian government has announced it will receive injured Palestinian children and provide them with medical care.
Elizabeth Taylor Jay, Colombia’s deputy minister of multilateral affairs, was speaking in Stockholm where she was on a state visit with Colombian president Gustavo Petro.
“We have taken the decision to provide humanitarian support to Palestinian children who will travel with their families to Colombia for rehabilitation,” she said.
Ms Taylor Jay does not say how many children will be taken in by Colombia, nor how they would be transported from Gaza.
President Petro has been one of the most vocal critics on the world stage of Israel’s conduct in Gaza following the attack by Hamas on 7 October.
Colombia broke diplomatic ties with Israel in May.
Earlier this month, Mr Petro announced via a post on X that his country would suspend coal exports to Israel “until the genocide is stopped.”
Colombia is Israel’s largest supplier of coal, according to the American Journal for Transportation.
Subjective Approach through Objective Adjustment: As the sphere of knowledge increases, many secrets of the world do not remain secret. Yoga is such a secret. It is a cult, and by dint of practising this cult one comes in contact with the causal factors of many secrets. About seven thousand years ago a great yogi, Sadáshiva, systematized different branches of yoga. His spouse, Párvatii, was also a yoginii; and for the welfare of the entire human society Lord Shiva and Párvatii tried their best to create a practical cult. The questions placed before Shiva by Párvatii and the answers given by Shiva to Párvatii collectively form the shástras [scriptures]
Sri Sri Anandmurti Jee
A’NANDA VACANA’MRTAM
[ PART-14: CHAPTER: 18 of 21 ]
THE SUBJECTIVE APPROACH Through OBJECTIVE ADJUSTMENT
May 25, 2024
World News – Ananda Marga
Anand Marg said in Bangladesh Dharma Mahasammelan that peace is possible only through spiritual pursuit and fight against bad rituals.
28, 29 and 30 March 2024
With the efforts of Kolkata Region’s Regional Secretary Acharya Navrunanand Avadhoot, Senior Purodha Acharya Vimalanand Avadhoot went from Ranchi to Bangladesh to represent the Revered Purodha Pramukh Dada from Ranchi Anand Marg Jagriti Ratu Road to address the Bangladesh Dharma Mahasammelan. Historical Ramna Kali Temple in Bangladesh’s capital Dhaka, Held near Dhaka University. A three-day Dharma Mahasammelan was organized by Anand Marg Pracharak Sangh on 28, 29 and 30 March 2024. Due to some reason, revered Purodha Pramukh Acharya Vishwadevanand Avadhoot could not go to Bangladesh. To represent them, senior leader Acharya Vimalanand Avadhoot was sent on behalf of the organization to address the Dharma Mahasammelan. There were a lot of seekers in Bangladesh and people were very excited. The seekers practiced Guru Sakash, Panchjanya and Yogasana in Brahma Muhurta under the guidance of an experienced Acharya.
In the evening, after collective Dharma Chakra and Guru Vandana, a dance based on Prabhat Sangeet was presented by “Rava”. Let it be known that Prabhat Sangeet is a new family of music which has been given by the founder of Anand Marg, Shri Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar alias Shri Shri Anandmurthy ji. Senior leader Acharya Vimalanand Avadhoot ji said in the sermon that “Peace is possible only through spiritual pursuit and fight against bad values.”
.https://india.anandamarga.org/dms-in-bangladesh/
Summer Conference in USA 2024
Welcome to the Summer Conference at Ananda Kanan, Missouri, from June 30 to July 5, 2024! This year’s theme is One World – One Family.
This year’s theme is One World – One Family, and we will have workshops and classes related to that topic. The conference starts on Sunday afternoon, June 30, and finishes on Friday morning, July 5.
The organizing committee is working on creating an interesting program with various workshops on different topics, a neohumanistic symposium, seminar classes, daily Akhanda Kiirtana, the 4th of July program in Willow Springs, an outing to the river, Katha Kiirtana, and other interesting programs.
It is my great honor to invite you all to attend Dharma Mahá Sammelan in Taiwan at Ánanda Suruci MU, Hong Kong Sector dated 11 – 12 October, 2024. There will also be a pre-DMS program from 8 to 10 October with 5 days (96 hours) Akhańd́a Kiirtana with various social and spiritual programs. It has now been 13 years since the last DMS in Taiwan, which is a place of Baba’s devotees and the land of humbleness and kindness. Bábá came to visit Márgiis in 1979 for 15 days, so Taiwan is a special land for all of us. Let us come together and embrace the Divine light of Bábá’s knowledge, the structural solidarity of AMPS, and the compassion and Satsauṋga that unites us with moral and spiritual inspiration. May this DMS serve as a beacon, guiding us toward better understanding, universal love and harmony, and a deeper connection with a new phase of Bábá’s mission. Let’s forge a path of spiritual awakening, nurturing our souls and the world around us. Let us share our insights, experiences and love, fostering a global family, bound by the timeless pursuit of enlightenment and peace. This DMS will be very wonderful, so all Márgiis, please do come to attend and make this DMS very successful, by Bábá’s Grace.
In Him
Ác. Shubhaniryásánanda Avt.
Sectorial Secretary Hong Kong Sector
REF C.O/MUYEYE/05/2024 Qualifications Dip in clinical medicine and surgery. 2 years’ experience in a busy health facility. Must be registered with the Board. Have a valid pr
REF NO. KRCHN/MUYEYE/05/2024 Qualifications Diploma in: Kenya Registered Community Health Nursing from KMTC or any other recognized institution. At least 3 years’ experience.
REPORTS TO: SENIOR FINANCE OFFICER QUALIFICATIONS Must be a certified accountant for the last 2 years with at least 2 years of experience in project accounting.
India’s Literary Treasures Inscribed in the 2024 Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific Regional Register
Three significant works of Indian literature, Ramcharitmanas, Panchatantra, and Sahrdayāloka-Locana, have been inscribed in the 2024 Memory of the World Committee for Asia and the Pacific (MOWCAP) Regional Register. The announcement was made during the 10th General Meeting of MOWCAP, held from May 7 to 8, 2024, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
The Meeting was hosted by the Ministry of Culture of Mongolia, the Mongolian National Commission for UNESCO, and the UNESCO Regional Office in Bangkok.
MOWCAP was set up in 1998 and since then, this is the first time India has had three nominations inscribed in one cycle. With the inclusion of all the three items in 2024 MOWCAP Regional Register, it is evident that India is joining the global efforts towards the preservation and promotion of its rich traditional and cultural documentary heritage and practices which play a vital role in fostering cultural diversity and peace.
Sahrdayaloka-Locana
The Sahrdayaloka-Locana is a Sanskrit treatise on poetics written byJagannatha Paṇḍitaraja in the 17th century.
It is considered one of the most important works of Sanskrit literary criticism.
The text discusses the concept of “Sahrdaya“, which refers to a sensitive or discerning reader or critic.
Geomagnetic storm scrambles tractor navigation systems
A powerful solar storm over the weekend that produced a dazzling display of northern lights also disrupted farm equipment navigation systems, interrupting operations at the height of planting season.
The geomagnetic storm, the strongest in over two decades, interrupted GPS systems that are used to inform planting decisions and keep rows straight with exact precision. Some farmers had no choice but to temporarily halt operations after the technology struggled to locate their position.
“I saw stuff on Friday I’ve never seen before,” one farmer wrote on Reddit. “We’re striptill farmers so in order for the planter to follow the strip tiller we need 1” accuracy. Wasn’t happening.”
A series of updates from John Deere dealership LandMark Equipment on Friday advised customers to turn off tools using GPS and real-time kinematic to prevent the tech from receiving conflicting signals from the geomagnetic storm. LandMark said Deere’s AutoPath tool, which uses historical data to create guidance lines for secondary passes such as spraying and harvests, may be difficult for farmers who were out working during the solar storm.
“When you head back into these fields to side dress, spray, cultivate, harvest, etc. over the next several months, we expect that the rows won’t be where the AutoPath lines think they are,” LandMark said in an updated advisory Saturday. “It is most likely going to be difficult — if not impossible — to make AutoPath work in these fields as the inaccuracy is most likely inconsistent.”
Singapore braces for COVID-19 surge with over 25,900 cases recorded in a week; govt urges citizens to wear masks
Singapore is experiencing a new wave of COVID-19, with authorities recording over 25,900 cases from May 5 to 11. Health Minister Ong Ye Kung advised the public to wear masks again on Saturday.
“We are at the beginning part of the wave where it is steadily rising,” Kung stated. “So, I would say the wave should peak in the next two to four weeks, which means between mid- and end of June,” he told The Straits Times.
Significant surge in COVID-19 cases and hospitalisations
The Ministry of Health (MOH) reported that the number of COVID-19 cases increased significantly, from 13,700 the previous week to 25,900 in the week of May 5 to 11. Average daily hospitalisations rose to about 250 from 181 the previous week, while intensive care unit (ICU) cases remained low, increasing slightly from two to three daily.
Rocket Lab launches NASA cubesat to study heat lost from Earth’s poles
Rocket Lab launched a small Earth-observation satellite for NASA early this morning (May 25).
An Electron rocket lifted off from Rocket Lab‘s New Zealand site today at 3:41 a.m. EDT (0741 GMT; 7:41 p.m. local New Zealand time), carrying the first of two cubesats for NASA’s PREFIRE (Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment) climate-studying mission.
Rocket Lab will also launch the second PREFIRE satellite. The date for that coming liftoff has not been announced, but it will occur within three weeks of today’s launch, according to the company.
Both PREFIRE satellites are 6U cubesats. The “U” stands for “unit,” a cube 4 inches (10 centimeter) on a side that’s the basic building block of cubesats. (So a 6U cubesat is the size of six such units.)
The PREFIRE cubesats will head to different 326-mile-high (525 kilometers) circular orbits above Earth. From that perch, they’ll measure how much heat is lost from our planet’s polar regions — something that has never been done systematically from orbit, according to Rocket Lab.
The PREFIRE duo “will criss-cross over the Arctic and Antarctica measuring thermal infrared radiation — the same type of energy emitted from a heat lamp — that will make climate models more accurate and help predict changes caused by global warming,” Rocket Lab wrote in a mission description.
Cooperatives Build a Better Future for All Theme for 2024 International Day of Cooperatives
This year on July 6, cooperatives around the world will celebrate the International Day of Cooperatives with the theme “Cooperatives Build a Better Future for All.” Cooperatives will have the opportunity to showcase their current and historical contributions to building a sustainable future, accelerating efforts to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2030. The theme aligns well with the objectives of the upcoming UN Summit of the Future whose theme is “Multilateral solutions for a better tomorrow”.
The cooperative identity, values, and principles set a strong system for achieving the SDGs. For the 2024 #CoopsDay, cooperatives can showcase their high standards for inclusive and sustainable growth, and serve as stewards for protecting the environment and fighting climate change. Through dialogue, democratic governance, and shared ownership, cooperatives set an example for peace and stability, bringing people from diverse backgrounds together on equal terms, and fostering mutual understanding and respect. The cooperative youth are empowered to lead the way by giving them opportunities, transferring knowledge, and ensuring diversity, equity and equality for all.
The 2023 UN Secretary-General Report on Cooperatives in Social Development acknowledged that cooperatives have a track record of promoting the economic and social development of all people including marginalized groups. Cooperatives consistently show their resilience in times of social and economic crises. The United Nations recognizes the cooperative movement as its key partner in accelerating sustainable development and calls on its member states to support and strengthen cooperatives’ entrepreneurial ecosystems. This can increase their capacity to create more social, economic, and environmental impact in society.
2025 International Year of Cooperatives
In November 2023, the UN General Assembly adopted the resolution A/RES/78/175 on cooperatives in social development calling for the proclamation of 2025 as an International Year of Cooperatives.
Talks On Landmark Global Agreement On Future Pandemics End Without Deal
Scarred by the devastation caused by COVID-19, countries have spent two years trying to hammer out binding commitments on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response.
Geneva:
Negotiations on a landmark global agreement on handling future pandemics ended Friday without a deal — though countries said they wanted to keep pushing for an accord.
Scarred by the devastation caused by Covid-19 — which killed millions of people, shredded economies and crippled health systems — countries have spent two years trying to hammer out binding commitments on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response.
The talks gathered momentum in the final weeks, but failed to meet a final deadline before next week’s World Health Assembly — the annual gathering of the World Health Organization’s 194 member states.
‘Find my Friends for rhinos’: How high-tech tracking is keeping tabs on wildlife
It’s early morning in Sera Community Conservancy in Northern Kenya and sunlight beats down across this expansive semi-arid landscape. Birds calling and boots crunching are the only sounds for miles as a team led by Kenyan wildlife veterinarian Dr. Mukami Ruoro-Oundo carefully tracks white rhinos — the first of their kind to be found here in Samburu County.
Sera Conservancy has championed the country’s community-led rhino conservation efforts. In 2015 it established East Africa’s first community rhino sanctuary with the introduction of 10 critically endangered black rhinos. Today, that number has grown to 21 black rhinos which freely roam across 107 square kilometers (41 square miles) of designated sanctuary land, and in February 2024, they were joined by four white rhinos from the nearby Lewa Conservancy.
Prior to translocation, each of the four white rhinos was fitted with a GPS tag in its horns and ears, which sends a real-time location to remote devices like mobile phones, or to the conservancy’s operations center, where Dr. Ruoro-Oundo is able to monitor Sarah’s location and movements.
Iran’s president and foreign minister die in helicopter crash at moment of high tensions in Mideast
Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and the country’s foreign minister have been found dead hours after their helicopter crashed in fog
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates — Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and the country’s foreign minister were found dead Monday hours after their helicopter crashed in fog, leaving the Islamic Republic without two key leaders as extraordinary tensions grip the wider Middle East.
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has the final say in the Shiite theocracy, quickly named a little-known vice president as caretaker and insisted the government was in control, but the deaths marked yet another blow to a country beset by pressures at home and abroad.
Iran has offered no cause for the crash nor suggested sabotage brought down the helicopter, which fell in mountainous terrain in a sudden, intense fog.
In Tehran, Iran’s capital, businesses were open and children attended school Monday. However, there was a noticeable presence of both uniformed and plainclothes security forces.
Later in the day, hundreds of mourners crowded into downtown Vali-e-Asr square holding posters of Raisi and waving Palestinian flags. Some men clutched prayer beads and were visibly crying. Women wearing black chadors gathered together holding photos of the dead leader.
The crash comes at a time of turmoil in the Middle East as the war in Gaza between Israel and Hamas rages. The conflict has edged Iran, which backs the Islamist militant group, and Israel closer to all-out conflict. It’s led to other Tehran-supported groups, including the Houthis in Yemen and Shiite militias in Iraq, to attack ships around the Red Sea and US bases.
Taiwan’s new president calls on China to stop its ‘intimidation’ after being sworn into historic third term for ruling party
Taiwan President Lai Ching-te called on Beijing to cease its intimidation of the democratic island after he was was sworn in as president Monday, marking the start of a historic third consecutive term for the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), which has championed democracy in the face of years of growing threats from authoritarian China.
In his inaugural address, Lai called on China “to cease their political and military intimidation against Taiwan, share with Taiwan the global responsibility of maintaining peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait as well as the greater region, and ensure the world is free from the fear of war.”
Lai has now said he favors the current status quo, proclaiming that “Taiwan is already an independent sovereign country” so there is “no plan or need” to declare independence, in a deliberately nuanced stance that mimics the one held by outgoing Tsai.
When asked about Lai’s inauguration in a regular briefing Monday, a spokesperson for China’s Foreign Ministry said “Taiwan independence is a dead end. No matter what pretext or banner one uses, promoting Taiwan independence and secession is doomed to fail.”
Lai’s inauguration ceremony was attended by national leaders from a handful of countries with which Taiwan still maintains formal diplomatic ties, several former American officials, and lawmakers from other countries, according to Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Israel-Hamas war: Truce talks likely to resume next week as pressure piles on PM Netanyahu
Truce talks are all set to resume next week between Palestinian militant group Hamas and Israel, who have been fighting in Gaza since October 7 last year.
If materialised, the deal would see Hamas release Israeli hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners.
the decision was taken after the chief of Israel spy agency Mossad met with the head of the US intelligence agency CIA and the prime minister of Qatar.
“At the end of the meeting, it was decided that in the coming week negotiations will open based on new proposals led by the mediators, Egypt and Qatar and with active US involvement,” the source said.
The source declined to be identified and didn’t reveal his nationality citing the sensitivity of the matter, the news agency reported.
International, domestic pressure piling on Netanyahu
This comes as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu faces increased domestic and international pressure to halt the war in Gaza and secure the release of remaining Israeli hostages held in the besieged territory.
Earlier on Friday, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ordered Israel to halt the war in Gaza citing humanitarian issues.
On the other hand, protesters are set to gather in Tel Aviv on Saturday (May 25) evening to press the government to bring back hostages alive.
Putin calls for ceasefire on current frontlines, ‘will fight on’ if West, Ukraine don’t respond: Sources
According to Russian sources, Putin has sought to freeze the war on the current frontlines but is frustrated by the West and the Ukrainian President for refusing talks. Russia currently controls 18 per cent of territory in Ukraine and has launched a new offensive targeting the Kharkiv region.
Moscow: Russian President Vladimir Putin is prepared to halt the over three-year-long war with Ukraine with a negotiated ceasefire that recognises the current battlefield lines, but will continue to fight on if Kyiv and Western countries do not respond, four Russian sources told Reuters. This comes as Ukraine faces a shortage of weapons and ammunition as Russian forces continue to advance on the battlefield.
According to three Russian sources familiar with Putin’s plans, the 71-year-old leader had expressed frustration to a small group of advisers about what he views as Western-backed attempts to block negotiations and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s decision to rule out talks. “Putin can fight for as long as it takes, but Putin is also ready for a ceasefire – to freeze the war,” said one of the sources.
Putin on Friday said peace talks should restart. “Let them resume,” he said, adding that negotiations should be based on “the realities on the ground” and on a plan agreed during a previous attempt to reach a deal in the first weeks of the war. “Not on the basis of what one side wants,” he said. Putin’s comments come before the highly-anticipated peace summit in Switzerland in June.
There cannot be a socialistic government under a democratic framework. Those who speak highly of socialism from a democratic platform befool the public. It is just to circumvent the constitution and to secure public confidence that leaders speak on socialism and promise to establish a socialistic pattern of society, which is nothing but an absurdity. These so-called leaders are nothing but socialist show-boys.
Shri P R Sarkar’s Discourses on Prout, published in Prout in a Nutshell
THE END
Please Note – The next week Saturday Weekly will not be published on account of Anand Nagar DMS
May 18, 2024
UNESCO launches the third phase of the Better Education for Africa’s Rise Project
UNESCO and the Republic of Korea have successfully launched the third phase of the Better Education for Africa’s Rise (BEAR III) Project. This project, which will run from 2023 to 2027, aims to improve access to quality education and employment opportunities for young people in West African countries including Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. The project is part of a joint effort between UNESCO, the Republic of Korea, and the African Union to enhance the socio-economic development of beneficiary countries by empowering their youth.
To kick off the project, a two-day regional launch event was held in Abuja, Nigeria, from 17-18 April 2024. The event brought together Education Ministers, government representatives, stakeholders, and TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) experts to discuss the experiences and outcomes of the previous phase (BEAR II) and to establish the expected results for BEAR III. The discussions focused on the relevance, quality, and attractiveness of TVET in the participating countries. The event provided an opportunity for the previous phase’s beneficiary countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, United Republic of Tanzania, and Uganda) to share their best practices and lessons learned, while offering important insights to the new beneficiary countries (Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone) to ensure the success of the BEAR III project.
According to the UNESCO Strategy for TVET (2022-2029), there are still 267 million young people aged 15-24 worldwide who are not engaged in education, employment, or training. Additionally, 1.25 billion workers globally are at risk of job loss or displacement. These statistics highlight the urgent need to address the skills gap and create opportunities for young people to thrive in the labour market.
The launch of the BEAR III Project marks a milestone in enhancing education and employment prospects for West African youth. Through collaborative efforts between UNESCO and the Republic of Korea, the project will continue its efforts focusing on skill development and socio-economic progress, empowering youth and fostering regional growth.
EPA proposes ban of acephate-based pesticides used on fruits and vegetables
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is proposing to cancel nearly all uses of acephate-based pesticides, which are commonly used in fruit and vegetable production, to protect human health.
The cancellation would ban agricultural and non-agricultural uses of the chemical, except for non-food bearing tree injections, which the EPA says do not pose risks to humans or the environment.
The interim decision is based on public health risk and drinking water assessments published last year that recognized acephate as a significant contributor to certain dietary and neurological issues, including tremors, fatigue and nausea.
Acephate is one of 18 organophosphate insecticides going through the EPA’s standard regulation review process to evaluate safety, which occurs once every 15 years or so. EPA will release updated proposed guidance for many of these pesticides between 2024 and 2026.
Acephate was banned by the European Union more than 20 years ago, though farmers in the U.S. still use the chemical to control aphids and other insects. The pesticide is a neurotoxicant and works by interfering with nerve cells, with research tying the chemical to intellectual disabilities in children.
Global life expectancy to increase by nearly 5 years by 2050 despite geopolitical, metabolic, and environmental threats
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
The latest findings forecast that global life expectancy will increase by 4.9 years in males and 4.2 years in females between 2022 and 2050. Increases are expected to be largest in countries where life expectancy is lower, contributing to a convergence of increased life expectancy across geographies.
The latest findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, published today in The Lancet, forecast that global life expectancy will increase by 4.9 years in males and 4.2 years in females between 2022 and 2050.
Increases are expected to be largest in countries where life expectancy is lower, contributing to a convergence of increased life expectancy across geographies. The trend is largely driven by public health measures that have prevented and improved survival rates from cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19, and a range of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs).
“In addition to an increase in life expectancy overall, we have found that the disparity in life expectancy across geographies will lessen,” said Dr. Chris Murray, Chair of Health Metrics Sciences at the University of Washington and Director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). “This is an indicator that while health inequalities between the highest- and lowest-income regions will remain, the gaps are shrinking, with the biggest increases anticipated in sub-Saharan Africa.”
Unusual giant planet as fluffy as cotton candy spotted by astronomers
What is big, with a fluffy, cotton candy-like composition? Turns out, a planet.
An international coalition of astronomers has newly discovered an unusual planet, dubbed WASP-193b, that’s about 50% bigger than Jupiter and somehow still the second lightest planet ever found.
But WASP-193b, located beyond our solar system about 1,200 light-years from Earth, isn’t just a scientific oddity. The exoplanet could also be key to future research investigating atypical planetary formation, according to a study describing the find that published Tuesday in the journal Nature Astronomy.
This cotton candy planet isn’t alone; there are other similar planets belonging to a class scientists facetiously call “puffy Jupiters.” The lightest planet ever discovered is the superpuffy Kepler 51d, which is nearly the size of Jupiter but a hundred times lighter than the gas giant.
Puffy Jupiters have largely been a mystery for 15 years, said lead study author Khalid Barkaoui. But WASP-193b, because of its size, is an ideal candidate for further analysis by the James Webb Space Telescope and other observatories.
“The planet is so light that it’s difficult to think of an analogous, solid-state material,” said Barkaoui, a postdoctoral researcher of Earth, atmospheric and planetary sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in a news release. “The reason why it’s close to cotton candy is because both are mostly made of light gases rather than solids. The planet is basically super fluffy.”
Low-density planet presents big challenge
WASP-193b, which researchers think is made up of mostly hydrogen and helium, was a huge puzzle for researchers to piece together. Because the exoplanet’s density is so light for its size, calculating its mass became a challenge.
Usually, scientists determine mass using a technique called radial velocity, in which researchers analyze how a star’s spectrum, a graph that indicates the intensity of light emissions in wavelengths, shifts as a planet orbits it. The bigger the planet, the more the star’s spectrum can shift — but this didn’t work for WASP-193b, which is so light, it didn’t make any pull on the star that the team could detect.
Because of how small the mass signal was, it took the team four years to gather data and calculate WASP-193b’s mass, Barkaoui explained. Because the extremely low numbers they found were so rare, the researchers completed multiple trials of data analysis, just to be sure.
China is a socialist country, all land is either subject to government ownership or collective ownership. In principle, municipal land is subject to government ownership and land outside cities is subject to collective ownership. However, one can obtain the right to use the land.
BEIJING: China will permit local government officials to buy some houses at “reasonable” prices to provide affordable homes, Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng said.
According to China’s state-run news agency Xinhua, the Premier expressed these remarks during a meeting on housing policy. Premier He Lifeng also called for efforts to categorize and promote disposal of solid but difficult-to-deliver housing projects that are still under construction.
He said that in cities where there is a large inventory of commercial houses, the government can place orders and purchase some of the commercial housing at reasonable prices as suitable to use as affordable housing.
Indonesia evacuates hundreds near erupting volcano
Authorities raised the alert status for Mount Ibu, located on remote Halmahera island, to the highest level of a four-tiered system on May 16 after recording two huge eruptions for the second day in a row.
Authorities raised the alert status for Mount Ibu, located on remote Halmahera island, to the highest level of a four-tiered system on May 16 after recording two huge eruptions for the second day in a row.
“Residents in seven villages near Ibu — which spewed ash and smoke 5,000 metres (16,400 feet) into the sky — began evacuating to several shelters late Thursday after authorities raised the alert status,” local disaster mitigation agency official Muhammad Ade Fabanyo told AFP.
Authorities advised residents and tourists to stay out of the four-to-seven-kilometre exclusion zone and to wear a face mask in case of falling ash. Ibu is one of Indonesia’s most active volcanos, erupting more than 21,000 times last year.
More than 7,00,000 people lived on Halmahera island as of 2022, according to official figures. Indonesia, a vast archipelago nation, experiences frequent seismic and volcanic activity due to its position on the Pacific “Ring of Fire”.
Last month, Mount Ruang in North Sulawesi province erupted more than half a dozen times, forcing thousands of residents of nearby islands to evacuate. Its status has since been lowered to the second-highest alert level.
Who is Robert Fico, the populist Slovak prime minister wounded in a shooting?
BUDAPEST, Hungary (AP) — Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico was shot multiple times after a political event Wednesday afternoon, an episode of violence that punctuated his decades-long career in politics.
A hospital official where Fico was being treated said on Thursday that he was in serious but stable condition, and that he was being kept in an intensive care unit after a five-hour surgery.
Slovak authorities charged a man Thursday with attempting to assassinate the populist prime minister, saying the suspect acted alone in a politically motivated attack.
Fico, 59, was born in 1964 in what was then Czechoslovakia. A member of the Communist Party before the dissolution of communism, he took a law degree in 1986 and was first elected to Slovakia’s parliament in 1992 as a member of the Party of the Democratic Left.
He served for several years in the 1990s as a governmental agent representing the Slovak Republic before the European Court of Human Rights and the European Commission of Human Rights. In 1999, he became chairman of the Smer (Direction) party, of which he has been a pivotal figure ever since.
He and Smer have most often been described as left-populist, though he has also been compared to right-wing politicians like the nationalist prime minister of neighboring Hungary, Viktor Orbán.
Fico returned to power in Slovakia last year, having previously served twice as prime minister, from 2006 to 2010 and again from 2012 to 2018. His fourth term made him the longest-serving head of government in the history of Slovakia, a European Union and NATO member.
After five years in opposition, Fico’s party won parliamentary elections last year on a pro-Russian and anti-American platform. He vowed to bring an end to Slovakia providing Ukraine with military support as it battled Russia’s full-scale invasion, and has argued that NATO and the United States provoked Moscow into war.
Georgia’s prime minister joins tens of thousands in a march to promote ‘family purity’
Georgia Family Purity March
Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze attends a celebration of the Day of Family Purity in the center of Tbilisi, Georgia, Friday, May 17, 2024. Tens of thousands of people including the prime minister on Friday marched through the Georgian capital to mark the Day of Family Purity, which celebrates so-called traditional family values in the country where animosity toward sexual minorities is strong. (AP Photo/Zurab Tsertsvadze)
TBILISI, Georgia (AP) — Georgia’s prime minister joined tens of thousands of people on a march through the capital on Friday to mark the Day of Family Purity, which celebrates so-called traditional family values in the country where animosity toward sexual minorities is strong.
Observances of the day, which was initiated by the Georgian Orthodox Church in 2013, were also held in more than 20 other cities. Many of those in the Tbilisi procession carried icons and Christian emblems and wore traditional costumes with intricate patterns..
Liberal groups have complained that the event coincides with the International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia.
Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze and parliamentary Speaker Shalva Papuashvili were among those who marched in Tbilisi. The march ended at the capital’s Trinity Cathedral, where Kobakhidze praised the event for “protecting the country’s identity, language and faith.”
“We are Georgians, and for us, faith is very important. It has withstood centuries, and it is important to stand together and defend our faith by all means. Our ancestors defended it in battles throughout the years and centuries, and it is our obligation to defend it as well,” said march participant Rusudan Tabatadze.
In March, the ruling Georgian Dream Party introduced a bill curtailing LGBTQ+ rights. If adopted, the bill will prohibit sex changes, adoption by same-sex couples, and gatherings that could be regarded as promoting same-sex relations.
Georgian Dream also has pushed through a bill to require news media and nongovernmental organizations to register as “agents of foreign influence” if they receive more than 20% of their budget from abroad. The bill set off mass protests this month in Tbilisi. Opponents refer to it as “ the Russian law ” because it resembles regulations in Russia.
President Salome Zourabichvili says she will veto the measure, which opponents say will obstruct Georgia’s bid to join the European Union, but its supporters have enough seats in parliament to override a veto.
Tension in Georgia over unorthodox sexual mores is strong. Last year, hundreds of opponents of gay rights stormed an LGBTQ+ festival in Tbilisi, forcing the event’s cancellation.
WASHINGTON, May 18 (Reuters) – White House National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan will visit Saudi Arabia this weekend for talks expected to touch on a civil nuclear cooperation agreement, one piece of a wider arrangement Washington hopes will lead to normalization of Israeli-Saudi relations.
Below is a description of the key issues involved in a U.S.-Saudi civil nuclear deal, what risks and benefits it may offer the United States and Saudi Arabia, and how it fits within U.S. efforts to broker Israeli-Saudi reconciliation.
WHAT IS A CIVIL NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENT?
Under Section 123 of the U.S. Atomic Energy Act of 1954, the United States may negotiate agreements to engage in significant civil nuclear cooperation with other nations.
It specifies nine nonproliferation criteria those states must meet to keep them from using the technology to develop nuclear arms or transfer sensitive materials to others.
The law stipulates congressional review of such pacts.
WHY DOES SAUDI ARABIA WANT A US NUCLEAR COOPERATION AGREEMENT?
As the world’s largest oil exporter, Saudi Arabia at first glance is not an obvious candidate for a nuclear pact typically aimed at building power plants to generate electricity.
There are two reasons Riyadh may wish to do so.
The first is that under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s ambitious Vision 2030 reform plan, the kingdom aims to generate substantial renewable energy and reduce emissions. At least some of this is expected to come from nuclear energy.
Critics cite a second potential reason: that Riyadh might wish to develop nuclear expertise in case it someday wished to acquire nuclear weapons despite the safeguards enshrined in any deal with Washington to prevent this.
The Saudi crown prince has long said that if Iran developed a nuclear weapon, Saudi Arabia would follow suit, a stance that has fueled deep concern among arms control advocates and some U.S. lawmakers over a possible U.S.-Saudi civil nuclear deal.
The Sunni Muslim kingdom and Shi’ite revolutionary Iran have been at odds for decades.
HOW WOULD THE UNITED STATES BENEFIT FROM A CIVIL NUCLEAR DEAL WITH SAUDI ARABIA?
There could be strategic and commercial gains.
The Biden administration has made no secret of its hope to broker a long-shot, multi-part arrangement leading Saudi Arabia and Israel to normalize relations. It believes Saudi support for normalization may hinge partly on striking a civil nuclear deal.
Xi Jinping is now Vladimir Putin’s ‘big brother’: How Russia-China ties changed over the years
Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived in Beijing on Thursday for a two-day state visit to China, underscoring the solidarity between the two allies as Russia continues its new offensive in Ukraine.
Upon his arrival at dawn, Putin was greeted by an honor guard from the People’s Liberation Army, the military branch of China’s ruling Communist Party.
This is Putin’s first trip abroad since his March re-election and the second in just over six months to China.
However, this is Putin’s 19th visit to China since he became the Russian president.
In February 2022, China and Russia announced a “no limits” partnership during Putin’s visit to Beijing, occurring just days before he deployed tens of thousands of troops into Ukraine, sparking the most severe land conflict in Europe since World War Two.
Putin’s decision to choose China for his first overseas visit after being inaugurated for a new six-year term, extending his leadership until at least 2030, underscores the significance he places on his bond with Xi and his global strategic priorities.
In a discussion with China’s Xinhua news agency, Putin commended Chinese President Xi Jinping for fostering a “strategic partnership” between Russia and China, which he described as rooted in national interests and profound mutual trust.
This visit is not just a routine diplomatic engagement but a strategic display of defiance against Western pressures.
The frequency and depth of military collaborations, such as joint naval drills near strategic global areas, signal a growing military camaraderie.
However, these maneuvers signal more about the depth of their partnership than actual operational military alliances. The joint naval patrols near American waters and the inclusion of Russia in Chinese-led military drills are significant developments that the West views with increasing concern.
Moreover, the economic interdependence, highlighted by China’s role as a critical supplier to Russia’s defense sector, showcases the depth of their bilateral ties, which are becoming increasingly consequential in the global arena.
Why it matters
The strengthening bond between China and Russia is pivotal as both nations seek to assert their power on the global stage against a backdrop of American dominance.
This alliance is particularly critical for Russia as it continues to face extensive economic sanctions from the West.
China’s support not only bolsters Russia’s economy but also enhances its military capabilities through joint exercises and technology transfers.
As per a report in the Economist, the flow of Chinese technology and other valuable goods to Russian weapons manufacturers has become a significant concern for the United States. According to US secretary of state Antony Blinken China was the “top supplier” of various items considered be “dual use,” including machine tools, microelectronics, and nitrocellulose, a vital component in artillery shells. These items have both civilian and military applications.
“Russia would struggle to sustain its assault on Ukraine without China’s support,” Blinken said. In a later conversation with Borge Brende, the president of the World Economic Forum, Blinken said that over the past year, Chinese technology had been facilitating Russia’s production of weapons and ammunition, such as missiles and tanks, at an unprecedented rate in its modern history, surpassing even the levels seen during the Cold War era, the Economist report added.
Prout philosophy states, “Harsh social punishment…does not find place in our society. Ananda Marga has formed a society which frames its laws on the basis of common ideals in order to develop the idea of the oneness of all humanity.”
Shri P R Sarkar, Prout in Nutshell – 11, Ananda Marga: A Revolution
THE END
May 11, 2024
India-Nepal Joint Initiative to Promote Sanskrit Research and Education
Joint efforts aimed at Sanskrit research and education advancement. Highlights include annual international conferences, study center establishment, Gurukul support, designated study center.
The Indian and Nepalese governments, along with scholars from both countries, have collaborated to advance Sanskrit research and education. This partnership aims to strengthen bilateral relations and preserve the cultural heritage shared by India and Nepal.
Resolution Highlights
1. Establishment of International Sanskrit Conference
Proposal for an annual conference to foster collaboration and knowledge exchange among Sanskrit scholars from India and Nepal.
2. Creation of Sanskrit Study Center
Plan to establish a study center to research and publish Sanskrit scriptures, particularly focusing on Nepal’s vast collection of unpublished manuscripts.
3. Support for Gurukuls Development
Collaboration between Maharshi Sandipani Veda Vidya Pratisthan, Ujjain, and Niti Anusandhan Pratisthan of Nepal to aid in the development of traditional educational institutions (gurukuls) in Nepal.
4. Designation of Nepal-India Sanskrit Study Centre
Niti Anusandhan Pratisthan Nepal identified as the headquarters for the proposed center to conduct joint research, study Sanskrit manuscripts, and facilitate publication endeavors.
5. Training Program for Sanskrit Students
India to conduct specialized training programs for Sanskrit students in Nepal to enhance their proficiency and understanding of the language.
Additional Support
Central Sanskrit University, Delhi, committed to providing necessary books to Gurukul libraries in Nepal and supporting Sanskrit educational institutions across the country.
Promotion of Sanskrit Preservation
Agreement to promote the preservation of Sanskrit, Pali, and Prakrit languages, along with the associated religious, cultural, philosophical, historical, and archaeological heritage of both nations.
Men behind the doomsday seed vault in the Arctic win World Food Prize
Two men who were instrumental in creating a global seed vault designed to safeguard the world’s agricultural diversity will be honored as the 2024 World Food Prize laureates
DES MOINES, Iowa — As Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin began thinking about ways to prevent starvation and protect the world’s food supply, they came up with what Fowler called “the craziest idea anybody ever had” — a global seed vault built into the side of an Arctic mountain.
About 20 years ago, Fowler, now the U.S. special envoy for Global Food Security, and Hawtin, an agricultural scientist from the United Kingdom, envisioned the so-called “doomsday vault” as a backup spot for seeds that could be used to breed new crops if existing seed banks were threatened by wars, climate change or other upheaval. On Thursday, officials in Washington announced that Fowler and Hawtin would be named 2024 World Food Prize laureates for their work.
“To a lot of people today, it sounds like a perfectly reasonable thing to do. It’s a valuable natural resource and you want to offer robust protection for it,” he said in an interview from Saudi Arabia. “Fifteen years ago, shipping a lot of seeds to the closest place to the North Pole that you can fly into, putting them inside a mountain — that’s the craziest idea anybody ever had.”
The Svalbard Global Seed Vault on the Norwegian island of Svalbard opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples from nearly every country. The largely concrete structure, built into the side of a mountain, provides genetic protection for over 6,000 varieties of crops and culturally important plants.
Fowler and Hawtin were named the winners of the annual prize at the State Department, where Secretary of State Antony Blinken lauded the men for their “critical role in preserving crop diversity.”
They will be awarded the annual prize this fall in Des Moines, Iowa, where the food prize foundation is based, and will split a $500,000 award.
Hundreds of smaller seed banks have existed in other countries for many decades, but Fowler said he was motivated by a concern that climate change would throw agriculture into turmoil, making a plentiful seed supply even more essential.
Hawtin, an executive board member at the Global Crop Diversity Trust, said that there were plenty of existing crop threats, such as insects, diseases and land degradation, as well as political upheaval, but that climate change heightened the need for a secure, backup seed vault. In part, that’s because climate change has the potential of making those earlier problems even worse.
“You end up with an entirely new spectrum of pests and diseases under different climate regimes,” Hawtin said in an interview from southwest England. “Climate change is putting a whole lot of extra problems on what has always been significant ones.”
Fowler and Hawtin said they hope their selection as World Food Prize laureates will enable them push for hundreds of millions of dollars in additional funding of seed bank endowments around the world. Maintaining those operations is relatively cheap, especially when considering how essential they are to ensuring a plentiful food supply, but the funding needs continue forever.
“This is really a chance to get that message out and say, look, this relatively small amount of money is our insurance policy, our insurance policy that we’re going to be able to feed the world in 50 years,” Hawtin said.
The World Food Prize was founded by Norman Borlaug, who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his part in the Green Revolution, which dramatically increased crop yields and reduced the threat of starvation in many countries. The food prize will be awarded at the annual Norman E. Borlaug International Dialogue, held Oct. 29-31 in Des Moines.
AI for Earth: How NASA’s Artificial Intelligence and Open Science Efforts Combat Climate Change
Nasa is actively employing artificial intelligence (AI) and open science initiatives to tackle the challenges posed by climate change, demonstrating a commitment to both technological advancement and environmental stewardship.
Nasa (File photo)
In a recent showcase of these efforts, Nasa emphasized how Al technologies are being utilized to enhance our understanding of Earth’s climate systems and improve the effectiveness of interventions.
These Al-driven projects facilitate more accurate predictions of weather patterns, assessments of climate impact, and development of strategies to mitigate adverse effects.
Nasa’s approach integrates open science principles, promoting transparency and accessibility in climate research.
By sharing data and findings openly, Nasa aims to foster a collaborative environment where scientists worldwide can contribute to and benefit from this critical work.
The agency’s commitment to sustainability is evident not only in its research priorities but also in its educational outreach. Events like the Earth Day celebration at Kennedy Space Center engage young minds in environmental science, highlighting the intersection of space exploration and Earth preservation.
As part of these educational efforts, Nasa invited students from Andrew Jackson Middle School in Titusville, Florida, to participate in a special Earth Day event.
This initiative not only highlighted Nasa’s ongoing projects but also inspired a new generation to consider how they can contribute to environmental solutions.
The integration of Al and open science into climate research by Nasa not only enhances the scientific community’s ability to address urgent climate issues but also sets a precedent for how technology and transparency can lead to more effective environmental stewardship. Looking ahead, Nasa continues to develop and implement advanced technologies that will provide deeper insights into the Earth’s climate system, offering hope and direction as we strive to safeguard our planet for future generations.
Through these efforts, Nasa exemplifies a holistic approach to tackling climate change, leveraging cutting-edge technology and fostering a culture of open scientific inquiry and education.
Chad’s Military Dictator Idriss Deby Wins Presidential Election
Chad, officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country located in north-central Africa. It is the fifth largest country in Africa covering a surface area of 1,284,000 km2. Chad is bordered by Libya, Sudan, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria (at Lake Chad), and Niger
Mahamat Idris Deby Itno, Chad’s military dictator and interim president, has secured victory in the presidential election held on May 6, 2024. This provisional result, announced by the National Election Management Agency on May 10, 2024, is poised to extend Deby’s rule for another six years.
Background
Idriss Deby, Mahamat’s father, ruled Chad for 30 years with an iron fist until his death in 2021. Mahamat Idris Deby took over as interim president after his father’s demise, subsequently consolidating power with the support of army generals.
Election Outcome
Mahamat Idris Deby Itno clinched 61.03% of the votes, while his closest competitor, Prime Minister Succes Masra, garnered only 18.53%. However, the legitimacy of the result remains contentious, with allegations of government-backed election rigging.
Opposition and Controversy
Opposition candidate Succes Masra contests the election result, citing irregularities and potential manipulation. The disqualification of numerous opposition leaders prior to the election further exacerbates concerns regarding the fairness and freedom of the electoral process.
Regional Significance
Chad’s election marks a notable event in the Sahel region, being the first democratic election in a military-ruled country. The Sahel, characterized by political instability and insurgent activity, spans ten African countries and serves as a transitional zone between the Sahara desert and the humid savannas to the north.
Republic of Chad Overview
Situated in north-central Africa, Chad is the fifth largest country on the continent. The president serves as both the head of state and government, with a six-year term limit of two terms. N’Djamena serves as the capital, and the official currency is the CFA franc.
UK toddler has hearing restored in world first gene therapy trial
Opal Sandy can hear almost perfectly after groundbreaking surgery that took just 16 minutes
A British toddler has had her hearing restored after becoming the first person in the world to take part in a pioneering gene therapy trial, in a development that doctors say marks a new era in treating deafness.
Opal Sandy was born unable to hear anything due to auditory neuropathy, a condition that disrupts nerve impulses travelling from the inner ear to the brain and can be caused by a faulty gene.
But after receiving an infusion containing a working copy of the gene during groundbreaking surgery that took just 16 minutes, the 18-month-old can hear almost perfectly and enjoys playing with toy drums.
Her parents were left “gobsmacked” when they realised she could hear for the first time after the treatment. “I couldn’t really believe it,” Opal’s mother, Jo Sandy, said. “It was … bonkers.”
The girl, from Oxfordshire, was treated at Addenbrooke’s hospital, part of Cambridge university hospitals NHS foundation trust, which is running the Chord trial. More deaf children from the UK, Spain and the US are being recruited to the trial and will all be followed up for five years.
Prof Manohar Bance, an ear surgeon at the trust and chief investigator for the trial, said the initial results were “better than I hoped or expected” and could cure patients with this type of deafness.
Auditory neuropathy can be caused by a fault in the OTOF gene, which makes a protein called otoferlin. This enables cells in the ear to communicate with the hearing nerve. To overcome the fault, the new therapy from biotech firm Regeneron sends a working copy of the gene to the ear.
A second child has also recently received the gene therapy treatment at Cambridge university hospitals, with positive results.
The overall Chord trial consists of three parts, with three deaf children including Opal receiving a low dose of gene therapy in one ear only.
A different set of three children will get a high dose on one side. Then, if that is shown to be safe, more children will receive a dose in both ears at the same time. In total, 18 children worldwide will be recruited to the trial.
Opal is the first patient globally to receive the therapy and is “the youngest globally that’s been done to date as far as we know”, Bance said.
The gene therapy – DB-OTO – is specifically for children with OTOF mutations. A harmless virus is used to carry the working gene into the patient.
The trial is “just the beginning of gene therapies”, Bance said. “It marks a new era in the treatment for deafness.”
“Severe Geomagnetic Storm” hits Earth, NOAA warning in effect all weekend
May 10, 2024 at 7:31 PM EDT
NOAA Warning: Seven Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are racing towards Earth
NOAA scientists have witnessed severe (G4) geomagnetic storm conditions today. Several additional Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are in transit to Earth’s outer atmosphere, making it highly likely that geomagnetic storming will persist through the weekend.
A large, complex sunspot cluster (NOAA Region 3664), which has now grown to 17 times the diameter of Earth, has been the primary source of this activity. Experts still expect additional activity from this Region.
Since the current solar cycle began in December 2019, observers have only witnessed three Severe geomagnetic storms.
G4 and G5 level storms in history
The most recent G4 (Severe) storm occurred on March 23, 2024, while the Halloween Storms in October 2003 marked the last G5 (Extreme) event.
The G5 storm notably caused power outages in Sweden and damaged transformers in South Africa, underscoring the potential consequences of such powerful geomagnetic disturbances.
This newest storm, caused by seven streams of plasma ejected from the sun earlier this week, could rival the intensity of the 1859 Carrington event, which disrupted global communications and set telegraph stations on fire.
Potential impacts on modern infrastructure
In our technology-dependent society, a geomagnetic storm of this magnitude could cause widespread electrical disruptions, blackouts, and damage to critical infrastructure. Some of the potential impacts include:
Voltage control problems and mistaken tripping of protective systems in the power grid
Intensified induced pipeline currents
Surface charging and increased drag on low Earth orbit satellites
Tracking and orientation problems for spacecraft
Degraded or inoperable satellite navigation (GPS) for hours
Sporadic or blacked out high frequency (HF) radio propagation
Understanding geomagnetic storms
Geomagnetic storms occur when high-energy particles released from solar flares ejected by the sun reach Earth. Although the sun continuously erupts and hurls particles into space, Earth’s distance of 93 million miles from the sun usually prevents these particles from reaching our planet.
Canada slaps more sanctions on Belarus, citing human rights violations
Canada is imposing another round of sanctions against Belarus officials over continuing human rights violations after a 2020 presidential election that the opposition denounced as fraudulent, Ottawa said on Monday.
The punitive measures target 21 current and former senior government figures, including members of the security forces, public prosecutors and members of the judiciary system, the foreign ministry said in a statement.
Canada has so far announced 14 rounds of sanctions against a total of 211 individuals and 71 entities in Belarus. Foreign Minister Melanie Joly is due to meet exiled Belarusian opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya this week in Ottawa. These individuals are current or former senior government officials involved in internal affairs, including security forces, public prosecutors, members of the judiciary and administrators of penal and “education” colonies. These individuals have been involved in suppressing protests, arbitrary detentions, arrests, prosecutions of Belarusians protesting the fraudulent elections and their ill treatment once they were falsely tried, sentenced and imprisoned.
Occupied by Nazi Germany, Belarus was retaken by Stalin’s Russia in 1944 and remained under Soviet control until declaring its sovereignty on July 27, 1990 and independence from the Soviet Union on August 25, 1991. It has been run by authoritarian PresidentAlexander Lukashenko since 1994.
Belarus continued to allow Russian forces to use the country’s territory in Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
Alexander Lukashenko has been the president since 1994. Lukashenko has been quoted as saying that he has an “authoritarian ruling style” that he uses to run the country.The Council of Europe has barred Belarus from membership since 1997 for numerous voting irregularities in the November 1996 constitutional referendum and parliament by-elections. According to the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe, Belarus’s constitution is “illegal and does not respect minimum democratic standards and thus violates the principles of separation of powers and the rule of law”.[5] The Belarusian government has also been criticized by Human Rights Watch for human rights violations and its actions against NGOs, independent journalists, national minorities and opposition politicians.
Arrest and Detention of Perceived Opponents
Between October 2022 and September 2023, according to leading Belarusian human rights organization Viasna, more than 400 people were sentenced on politically motivated criminal charges, and another 3,300 faced politically motivated administrative charges. At time of writing, Viasna’s count of political prisoners was 1,462.
Authorities used a variety of bogus charges to prosecute their critics, including “defamation” charges over insulting Aliaksandr Lukashenka or Belarusian government or state symbols, “inciting enmity” against the “social group of law enforcement officers,” or “violent acts or threat of violence against law enforcement officers.” Authorities also widely used charges related to “extremism” and “terrorism” against critics for actions such as leaving critical comments on social media, following “extremist” Telegram channels, or having a white-red-white tattoo.
Belarusian authorities continued detaining and prosecuting people in connection with peaceful protests in 2020, including some who returned to Belarus from abroad. Workers of state companies faced mass layoffs in connection with their alleged participation in the protests.
After the first day of sessions focused on family and law, the second day addressed the role of the family and education in a rapidly changing world on May 9th.
Rabat – After an exciting first day of lively discussions and insightful speeches, the 49th Session of the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco returned for its second day, where the main topics covered family, societal values and education in our rapidly changing world.
The event again brought together a variety of experts of top universities in Morocco and beyond, to speak together plainly as members of the academy, resulting in thought-provoking speeches and constructive debate.
Amid ongoing debate in Moroccan society about the country’s new family code, the “Moudawana,” the topic could not be more relevant.
The morning session featured a variety of experts from the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco.Ali Benmakhlouf spoke on how modern reproductive technologies impact our concept of kinship, being a parent or a child amid changing technology and scientific changes. Next was Mohammed Noureddine Affaya, who spoke of the “anxiety of values,” brought upon by our increasingly digital lives and relationships, calling for a structural reevaluation in how we educate and communicate in an ever-changing digital landscape.
To add to the discussion about society and family, Aomar Boum presented a case-study on football hooligans in Morocco and how these groups lead to individuals alienating themselves from family traditional politics to find community in their community of ultras.
Next came Abdou Filali-Ansary, who detailed the difference between how family is often seen by economists, sociologists or politicians, and the realities of family in daily life. Abdallah Laouina next expanded on how climate change impacts the 2.6 million rural Moroccan families, who despite having remarkably strong bonds, face the need to migrate due to floods or drought, or see family members move to cities to supplement the family’s income.
After the third plenary session featured all Moroccan members of the Academy, the fourth plenary was opened by Luis Gonzalez Posada Eyzaguirre, who is a Peruvian member of the academy. He spoke eloquently about the deep, often lingering, impact that migration has on families and particularly children, who can find themselves traumatized or abandoned by the variety of conflicts around the world.
U.S. to Announce New Tariffs on Chinese Electric Vehicles
The administration could raise tariffs on electric vehicles from China to 100 percent in an attempt to protect American auto manufacturers.
The Biden administration is set to announce new tariffs as high as 100 percent on Chinese electric vehicles and additional import taxes on other Chinese goods, including semiconductors, as early as next week, according to people familiar with the matter.
The move comes amid growing concern within the administration that Mr. Biden’s efforts to jump-start domestic manufacturing of clean energy products could be undercut by China, which has been flooding global markets with cheap solar panels, batteries, electric vehicles and other products.
The long-awaited tariffs are the result of a four-year review of the levies that President Donald J. Trump imposed on more than $300 billion of Chinese imports in 2018. Most of the Trump tariffs are expected to remain in place, but Mr. Biden plans to go beyond
those by raising levies in areas that the president showered with subsidies in the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act.
That includes Chinese electric vehicles, which currently face a 25 percent tariff. The administration is expected to raise that to as much as 100 percent in order to make it prohibitively expensive to buy a Chinese E.V.
Mr. Biden has previously raised concerns about Chinese electric vehicles, saying that internet-connected Chinese cars and trucks posed risks to national security because their operating systems could send sensitive information to Beijing. He took steps earlier this year to try to block those vehicles from entering the United States.
The president is looking to ratchet up pressure on China and demonstrate his willingness to protect American manufacturing ahead of his face-off against Mr. Trump in the November presidential election.
Hamas says no budging from already-rejected hostage deal offer as Cairo talks break up
Demonstrators protest calling for the release of Israeli hostages held in the Gaza Strip outside Hakirya Base in Tel Aviv, May 9, 2024. (Avshalom Sassoni/Flash90)
Indirect talks between Israel and Hamas over a deal to halt fighting in the Gaza Strip and free hostages kidnapped on October 7 appeared to break up with no discernable progress, as the terror group said it had no intention of budging from a proposal already rejected by Israel.
With negotiations seemingly once again stuck after the sides had appeared close to an elusive agreement earlier this week, Egypt said both Israel and Hamas would need to show “flexibility.”
Izzat El-Risheq, a member of Hamas’s political office in Qatar, said Thursday that the Hamas delegation had left Cairo for Doha, Qatar, where its leadership is based, after affirming it was sticking with the terms it had agreed to Monday.
A senior Israeli official said the Israeli team had also left after handing mediators a list of its reservations about the Hamas proposal.
On Monday, Hamas claimed to have accepted a truce agreement with Israel, though it later emerged that the proposal it said had come from Egyptian and Qatari mediators included several elements fundamentally different from what Israel had agreed to. Jerusalem swiftly rejected the proposal for falling short of its “vital demands,” but okayed dispatching a working-level delegation to the indirect talks in Cairo.
Tel Aviv, May 9, 2024. (Avshalom Sassoni/Flash90)
Indirect talks between Israel and Hamas over a deal to halt fighting in the Gaza Strip and free hostages kidnapped on October 7 appeared to break up with no discernable progress, as the terror group said it had no intention of budging from a proposal already rejected by Israel.
With negotiations seemingly once again stuck after the sides had appeared close to an elusive agreement earlier this week, Egypt said both Israel and Hamas would need to show “flexibility.”
Izzat El-Risheq, a member of Hamas’s political office in Qatar, said Thursday that the Hamas delegation had left Cairo for Doha, Qatar, where its leadership is based, after affirming it was sticking with the terms it had agreed to Monday.
A senior Israeli official said the Israeli team had also left after handing mediators a list of its reservations about the Hamas proposal.
On Monday, Hamas claimed to have accepted a truce agreement with Israel, though it later emerged that the proposal it said had come from Egyptian and Qatari mediators included several elements fundamentally different from what Israel had agreed to. Jerusalem swiftly rejected the proposal for falling short of its “vital demands,” but okayed dispatching a working-level delegation to the indirect talks in Cairo.
In a message to other Palestinian factions published by the group’s al-Aqsa TV mouthpiece Friday, Hamas said talks had ended after Israel “rejected the proposal submitted by the mediators and raised objections to it.”
It said Hamas had decided to stick to the terms of the proposal it agreed to Monday, rejecting the possibility of making any concessions.
“The ball is now completely in the hands of the occupation,” the statement read.
Ukraine war updates: Putin says Russia ‘will not allow anyone to threaten us’ as Moscow revels in military might
Russia’s leadership and military have been out in force for the annual “Victory Day” military parade on Thursday.
Russian servicemen involved in the country’s military action in Ukraine, march on Red Square during the Victory Day military parade in central Moscow on May 9, 2024.
President Vladimir Putin, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, was flanked by veterans as he watched thousands of Russian troops, tanks, armored vehicles and weaponry parade through a mostly rainy Red Square in Moscow.
The May 9 event commemorates the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in World War II but the Kremlin keen to cast parallels between the Red Army’s victory in 1945 and the current conflict in Ukraine.
Editor’s Note
The minimum requirements can be assured through guaranteed purchasing capacity, which should be enshrined in the constitution as a fundamental or cardinal human right. This will give the citizens of the country legal power if their minimum requirements are not met.
Shri P R Sarkar on the subject Quadri-Dimensional Economy
THE END
May 4, 2024
This summer’s number one veggie food festival soon here. Suvilahti, Helsinki (Finland)
Organised in the last weekend of May in Suvilahti, Helsinki, this year’s World Village Festival will be a vegetarian-food-only event. This decision has inspired and been welcomed by many.
Responsible for festival exhibitors and vendors, World Village Festival Production Manager Maria Hopponen says that the vegetarian-only policy has sparked varied discussion.
“Most comments have been positive and welcomed the decision as a step in the right direction. The number and diversity of food vendors have also remained at last year’s level. We’ll have 50 food vendors serving street food from the various corners of the world, such as Tibet, Nicaragua and the Gambia. This year will also see more café-style stalls with a selection of lovely things to drink and eat, such as churros and bubble waffles.”
230 exhibitors from CSOs to educational institutions
In addition to food vendors, the festival will feature around 180 exhibitors, including 36 bazaar vendors and 136 civil society organisations (CSOs). New this year is the Book and Recycling World where you will find a vast variety of things to read from the Rosebud Books section as well as a broad range of circular economy actors. The Book and Recycling World will be set up in the Cirko centre, while the Kattilahalli hall on the other side of the festival site will be the venue for this year’s Market of Possibilities featuring CSOs and smaller stands.
World Village Festival is Finland’s leading event for global action for the whole family, an admission free cultural festival, and a trade fair for sustainable development. The event will be organised in the Suvilahti event venue, Helsinki, in 25–26 May 2024 with Courage as the theme. Festival’s core values are diversity, equality, responsibility, and communality. The event is expected to attract around 50,000 festivalgoers. Admission to all events is free.The festival organiser is Finnish Development NGOs Fingo and the main partners are Finn Church Aid, the European Commission Representation in Finland, the European Parliament Liaison Office in Finland, Radio Helsinki and Maailman Kuvalehti magazine.
Gaza War Kills More Children Than In 4 Years Of Global Conflict: UN Agency
The health ministry in Hamas-run Gaza indicating that more than 12,300 children died in the Palestinian territory between last October and the end of February.
Geneva:
More children have been reported killed in the war raging in Gaza than in four years of conflict around the world, the head of the UN agency for Palestinian refugees said Tuesday.
“Staggering. The number of children reported killed in just over 4 months in #Gaza is higher than the number of children killed in 4 years of wars around the world combined,” Philippe Lazzarini said on X, formerly Twitter.
His post referenced United Nations numbers showing that 12,193 children had been killed in conflicts worldwide between 2019 and 2022.
It compared that to reports from the health ministry in Hamas-run Gaza indicating that more than 12,300 children died in the Palestinian territory between last October and the end of February.
“This war is a war on children. It is a war on their childhood and their future,” Lazzarini said.
The brutal war began with the unprecedented October 7 Hamas attack that resulted in about 1,160 deaths in Israel, mostly civilians, according to an AFP count based on Israeli official figures.
The militants also took around 250 hostages, dozens of whom were released during a week-long truce in November. Israel believes about 130 captives remain in Gaza, including 32 presumed dead.
Israel’s retaliatory bombardment and ground offensive have killed 31,184 Palestinians in Gaza, mostly women and children, according to the territory’s health ministry.
U.S. Paves Way for UN to Declare 2026 as International Year of the Woman Farmer
NEW YORK, May 2, 2024 – Today, in the presence of U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield and U.S. Department of Agriculture Deputy Secretary Xochitl Torres Small, the UN General Assembly declared 2026 as the International Year of the Woman Farmer. The resolution, and the U.S. government’s efforts to generate support for it, were spearheaded by USDA and garnered more than 100 co-sponsors, underscoring the global importance of uplifting women throughout the agriculture sector.
“From the field to the factory, from the classroom to the boardroom, women are fundamental to the future of agriculture. As leaders, it is our responsibility to make sure the next generation of women farmers have equal access to economic, educational and leadership opportunities, and that we dismantle the unique barriers they face so they can continue to take on the challenges of meeting the world’s growing food, fuel and fiber needs,” Deputy Secretary Torres Small said. “USDA is proud to have led the U.S. government’s efforts in support of declaring 2026 as the International Year of the Woman Farmer, and we thank the many nations that signed on in support. We look forward to working with partners worldwide to scale up efforts that empower and advance women farmers while tackling global food security in 2026 and beyond.”
Women are responsible for roughly half of the world’s food production, and in many countries they produce between 60 and 80 percent of the food. Yet globally, the prevalence of food insecurity is higher among women than men. By shining a spotlight on women’s role in farming across the world, the International Year of the Woman Farmer will also raise awareness of constraints women face in areas including property rights and land tenure, access to credit and markets, and lack of technical and educational support. It will emphasize, as well, the importance of women in leadership roles to better ensure representation at the highest levels of decision-making.
USDA touches the lives of all Americans each day in so many positive ways. In the Biden-Harris Administration, USDA is transforming America’s food system with a greater focus on more resilient local and regional food production, fairer markets for all producers, ensuring access to safe, healthy, and nutritious food in all communities, building new markets and streams of income for farmers and producers using climate smart food and forestry practices, making historic investments in infrastructure and clean energy capabilities in rural America, and committing to equity across the Department by removing systemic barriers and building a workforce more representative of America.
AstraZeneca Covid vaccine: Court case, rare side effects, admission of guilt, and more.
British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, in conjunction with Oxford, developed its COVID-19 vaccine that is sold under brand names ‘Covishield’ and ‘Vaxzevria’ among others
Pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca, in a damning revelation, has admitted that its Covid-19 vaccine ‘Covishield’ can, in “very rare cases, cause TTS”.
TTS or Thrombosis Thrombocytopenia Syndrome is a rare yet serious condition suffered by some vaccine takers, with symptoms including blood clots and platelet levels.
The revelation can potentially pave the way for AstraZeneca to cough up millions of dollars in legal payout.
Here’s all you need to know about the issue.
Covishield and rare side effects
British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, in conjunction with Oxford, developed its Covid vaccine that is sold under brand names ‘Covishield’ and ‘Vaxzevria’ among others.
The vaccine was initially rolled out in 2021, as hundreds and thousands of deaths from the dangerous virus were being reported from across the world.
At the time, the rushed rollout was criticised by many in the scientific community and questions were raised about how safe it is to rush vaccine administration.
Now, three years down the line, the question is back as AstraZeneca faces class action suits over claims that its vaccine caused serious injury or death in dozens of cases.
A confession?
In legal documents submitted to the UK High Court in February, the pharmaceutical giant accepted that its COVID-19 vaccine “can, in very rare cases, cause TTS”.
“It is admitted that the AZ vaccine can, in very rare cases, cause TTS. The causal mechanism is not known,” said the company in the document that is making headlines months after it was submitted.
“Further, TTS can also occur in the absence of the AZ vaccine (or any vaccine). Causation in any individual case will be a matter for expert evidence,” it added.
Medical claims against the company
The first case against the company was lodged by Jamie Scott, father of two, who was 44 when he received the vaccine.
Ten days after the jab, Scott complained of tiredness and started vomiting. Soon after, his speech got impaired, and he had to be taken to the hospital, where physicians diagnosed him with a suspected case of Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (VITT).
He survived the ordeal but was left with a permanent brain injury.
Alongside Scott, 51 cases have been lodged against the company, with victims and grieving relatives seeking damages estimated to be worth up to £100 million ($125.36 million).
Lawyers for the victims argue that the AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine is “defective” and that its efficacy has been “vastly overstated”. AstraZeneca has strongly denied these claims.
AstraZeneca vaccine side effects
As per the World Health Organization, side effects of the AstraZeneca vaccine include typically short-term and self-limiting mild-to-moderate symptoms.
The AstraZeneca vaccine has been associated with a range of common side effects, as reported by those who received it.
These side effects include discomfort at the injection site, a general feeling of being unwell, fatigue, fever, headaches, nausea, muscle and joint pain, swelling, redness at the site of injection, dizziness, sleepiness, excessive sweating, abdominal pain, and instances of fainting.
These, however, happen in less than 1 in 100 people.
Did nobody realise the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine’s dangerous side effects earlier?
Amid reports of adverse effects, including blood clots due to the vaccine, several countries suspended the COVID-19 vaccine’s use.
In March 2021, Austria suspended the use of one batch after two people developed blood clots after the vaccine jab and one of them died.
Over time, dozens of nations, many of them in Europe, suspended the use of AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine.
This includes Denmark, Ireland, Thailand, the Netherlands, Norway, Iceland, Congo, Bulgaria, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Canada, Sweden, Latvia, Slovenia, Australia, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
Wave of exceptionally hot weather scorches south and south-east Asia
India and Pakistan, severe heat waves
Warnings of dangerous temperatures across parts of Philippines, Thailand, Bangladesh and India as hottest months of the year are made worse by El Niño
Millions of people across South and Southeast Asia are facing sweltering temperatures, with unusually hot weather forcing schools to close and threatening public health.
Thousands of schools across the Philippines, including in the capital region Metro Manila, have suspended in-person classes. Half of the country’s 82 provinces are experiencing drought, and nearly 31 others are facing dry spells or dry conditions, according to the UN, which has called for greater support to help the country prepare for similar weather events in the future. The country’s upcoming harvest will probably be below average, the UN said.
April and May are usually the hottest months in the Philippines and other countries in south-east Asia, but temperatures this year have been worsened by the El Niño event, which brings hotter, drier conditions to the region.
Thai authorities said 30 people had been killed by heatstroke so far this year, and warned people to avoid outdoor activities. Demand for electricity soared to a new high on Monday night of 35,830 megawatts, as people turned to air conditioning for relief, local media reported.
In the capital Bangkok, temperatures reached 40.1C on Wednesday, while authorities warned of a possible “heat index” of past 52C on Thursday. This measure reflects what the temperature feels like, taking into account humidity levels – an important factor for human health because when the air is more humid, it is harder for the body to regulate its temperature by sweating.
The unusually high temperatures have caused disruption to education and agriculture across the Asian region. Bangladesh was also forced to close all schools this week after temperatures soared to between 40C and 42C in some areas.
About 33 million children in Bangladesh were affected, according to the charity Save the Children. “Leaders need to act now to urgently reduce warming temperatures, as well as factoring children – particularly those affected by poverty, inequality and discrimination – into decision making and climate finance,” said Shumon Sengupta, Country Director Bangladesh, Save the Children International.
In India, where a mammoth election lasting nearly six weeks, is now under way, the election commission met this week with officials from the weather agency to discuss how to mitigate the impact of the heat on voters. The country’s Roads Minister Nitin Gadkari fainted during a speech on Wednesday as he campaigned for the re-election of prime minister Narendra Modi’s government, saying later on social media that he had felt uncomfortable due to the heat during the rally.
The World Meteorological Organization warned in a report this week that Asia remained “the world’s most disaster-hit region from weather, climate and water-related hazards in 2023”. Floods and storms caused the highest number of reported casualties and economic losses, it said, while the impact of heatwaves became more severe.
Last year, severe heatwaves in India in April and June caused about 110 reported deaths due to heatstroke. “A major and prolonged heatwave affected much of South-east Asia in April and May, extending as far west as Bangladesh and Eastern India, and north to southern China, with record-breaking temperatures,” WMO said.
Human-caused climate breakdown is supercharging extreme weather across the world, driving more frequent and more deadly disasters from heatwaves to floods to wildfires. At least a dozen of the most serious events of the last decade would have been all but impossible without human-caused global heating.
Virgin Galactic to launch 7th commercial spaceflight on June 8
Virgin Galactic will fly again next month, if all goes according to plan.
The company announced on Wednesday (May 1) that it’s targeting June 8 for its seventh commercial spaceflight, a suborbital jaunt called, fittingly enough, Galactic 07.
Virgin Galactic uses an air-launch system that consists of two vehicles: A carrier aircraft called VMS Eve and a suborbital spaceliner known as VSS Unity.
Eve lifts off from a runway with Unity beneath its wings, then drops the spacecraft at an altitude of about 45,000 feet (13,700 meters). Unity then fires up its onboard rocket motor, blasting its way to suborbital space.
Passengers aboard the space plane experience a few minutes of weightlessness and get to see Earth against the blackness of space. A ticket to ride on Unity currently sells for $450,000.
Galactic 07 will depart from Spaceport America in southwestern New Mexico, carrying four passengers in Unity’s cabin. Virgin Galactic has not yet identified these people, but the company has given us a bit of information about them.
Three are private astronauts, one apiece from New York, California and Italy. The fourth is “an Axiom Space-affiliated researcher astronaut who will conduct multiple human-tended experiments,” Virgin Galactic wrote Wednesday in a Galactic 07 mission update.
Axiom Space is a Houston-based company that has organized three crewed trips to the International Space Station to date, all of them using SpaceX hardware. Axiom also plans to assemble and operate its own space station in Earth orbit later in the 2020s.
WTO forecasts rebound in global trade but warns of downside risks
Global goods trade is expected to pick up gradually this year following a contraction in 2023 that was driven by the lingering effects of high energy prices and inflation, WTO economists said in a new forecast on 10 April. The volume of world merchandise trade should increase by 2.6% in 2024 and 3.3% in 2025 after falling 1.2% in 2023. However, regional conflicts, geopolitical tensions and economic policy uncertainty pose substantial downside risks to the forecast.
In the latest “Global Trade Outlook and Statistics” report, WTO economists note that inflationary pressures are expected to abate this year, allowing real incomes to grow again — particularly in advanced economies — thus providing a boost to the consumption of manufactured goods. A recovery of demand for tradable goods in 2024 is already evident, with indices of new export orders pointing to improving conditions for trade at the start of the year.
WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala said: “We are making progress towards global trade recovery, thanks to resilient supply chains and a solid multilateral trading framework — which are vital for improving livelihoods and welfare. It’s imperative that we mitigate risks like geopolitical strife and trade fragmentation to maintain economic growth and stability.”
High energy prices and inflation continued to weigh heavily on demand for manufactured goods, resulting in a 1.2% decline in world merchandise trade volume for 2023. The decline was larger in value terms, with merchandise exports down 5% to US$ 24.01 trillion. Trade developments on the services side were more upbeat, with commercial services exports up 9% to US$ 7.54 trillion, partly offsetting the decline in goods trade.
Import volumes were down in most regions but especially in Europe, where they fell sharply. The main exceptions were large fuel-exporting economies, whose imports were sustained by strong export revenues as energy prices remained high by historical standards. World trade remained well above its pre-pandemic level throughout 2023. By the fourth quarter it was nearly unchanged compared to the same period in the 2022 (+0.1%) and had only risen slightly compared to the same period in 2021 (+0.5%).
Downside risks
Moving forward, the report warns that geopolitical tensions and policy uncertainty could limit the extent of the trade rebound. Food and energy prices could again be subject to price spikes linked to geopolitical events. The report’s special analytical section on the Red Sea crisis notes that while the economic impact of the Suez Canal disruptions stemming from the Middle East conflict has so far been relatively limited, some sectors, such as automotive products, fertilisers and retail, have already been affected by delays and freight costs hikes.
Regional trade outlook
Strong import volume growth of 5.6% in Asia and 4.4% in Africa should help prop up global demand for traded goods this year. However, all other regions are expected to see below average import growth, including South America (2.7%), the Middle East (1.2%), North America (1.0%), Europe (0.1%) and the CIS region (-3.8%).
Merchandise exports of least-developed countries (LDCs) are forecasted to grow 2.7% in 2024, down from 4.1% in 2023, before growth accelerates to 4.2% in 2025. Meanwhile, imports by LDCs should grow 6.0% this year and 6.8% next year following a 3.5% contraction in 2023.
Trade in services
World commercial services trade grew 9% in 2023 despite a decline in freight transport, thanks to recovering international travel and surging digitally delivered services. In 2024, sports events to be held in Europe in the summer, as well as the easing of visa requirements by various countries, are expected to boost tourism and passenger transport.
Top Prizes for Reporting on Suicide Among Afghan Women, Persecution in Myanmar
(Taipei) – Today, marking World Press Freedom Day, Human Rights Press Awards in Asia announced the 2024 winners and runners-up. The seven categories of awards are administered by Human Rights Watch, the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University, and the foreign correspondents clubs in both Thailand and Taiwan.
Among the top winners are reporting on the rising number of suicides among Afghan women living under abusive Taliban rule; the persecution of religious minorities in Myanmar; and the Chinese government’s treatment of White Paper protesters who stood up against Covid-19 lockdowns.
“The Human Rights Press Awards recognize journalists who are uncovering some of the most pressing rights issues in Asia,” said Tirana Hassan, executive director at Human Rights Watch. “In an era in which rising authoritarianism generates autocratic leaders and mass disinformation, the role of journalists in exposing the truth is more critical than ever. We are thrilled to honor these courageous reporters.”
The seven categories of awards include the newly created “Newsrooms in Exile” category, as well as commentary, print, photography, video, audio, and multimedia. The winners will be honored at a ceremony in Taipei hosted by the Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club (TFCC) on May 10, 2024.
“We are honored once again to be administering the Human Rights Press Awards,” said Dr. Battinto L. Batts, Jr., dean of the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. “As part of our Cronkite Global Initiatives, we are proud to help recognize outstanding human rights journalism throughout Asia and the world.”
“It’s no coincidence that many winning entries are examples of brave journalism from Afghanistan, Hong Kong, and Myanmar, places where reporting has become increasingly difficult and dangerous,” said Thompson Chau, president of the Taiwan Foreign Correspondents’ Club. “The TFCC is honored to host the award ceremony in Taipei. Taiwan is an extraordinary place for a growing number of Asia-focused correspondents to live and work.”
Frontier Myanmar and Zan Times shared the top prize in the inaugural “Newsroom in Exile” category for their reporting on Myanmar and Afghanistan, respectively. Frontier Myanmar’s report uncovered the Myanmar military’s oppression of the Bayingyi, Roman Catholics of Portuguese descent. Zan Times gathered data illustrating the dire reality of the growing numbers of Afghan women and girls choosing death as preferable to living under Taliban repression.
“We’re increasingly seeing media under threat in countries across Southeast Asia, which is why the new Human Rights Press Awards category for media in exile is so critically important,” said Phil Robertson, program committee chair at the Foreign Correspondents Club of Thailand (FCCT). “In countries such as Afghanistan and Myanmar, there needs to be greater recognition of journalists who bravely report human rights stories from the homeland they were forced to flee, and the FCCT is proud to be a part of that effort.”
The award for multimedia went to Al Jazeera for its piece, “‘If I die, I die’: Pakistan’s death-trap route to Europe,” documenting the dangerous journey young Pakistani men undertake in search of work in Europe and the suffering of their families left behind.
The Initium won the investigative reporting prize in Chinese for its series on the anniversary of the White Paper Protest, featuring the lives and struggles of those who protested China’s “zero-Covid” lockdown policies in the wake of the pandemic.
The Guardian won the investigative reporting prize in English for its work, “Revealed: Amazon linked to trafficking of workers in Saudi Arabia,” which exposed the plight of Nepali migrant workers enduring forced labor and discrimination in Saudi Arabia. The reporting revealed the complicity of major multinational corporations that fail to police their supply chains.
Reporting on the Myanmar military’s airstrikes; abuses by the Bangladeshi elite police unit, the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB); issues facing the LGBT community in Hong Kong; and a global private hospital group embroiled in a “cash for kidneys” racket all won honorable mentions.
Israel’s war on Gaza live: Diplomatic efforts stepped up to secure truce
The United Nations chief has called on Israel and Hamas to reach a truce deal. A Qatari delegation is headed to Cairo as diplomatic efforts are stepped up to stop Israel from going ahead with its offensive in Rafah – the last refuge for 1.5 million Palestinians.
A Hamas delegation has arrived in Egypt for what appear to be do-or-die negotiations on a ceasefire, with the movement saying it is “determined to achieve an agreement”.
Israel reportedly gives Hamas one week to agree to a ceasefire and prisoner-captive exchange deal, threatening it will launch its ground invasion of Rafah otherwise. The United Nations chief has called on Israel and Hamas to reach a truce deal.
A Qatari delegation is headed to Cairo as diplomatic efforts are stepped up to stop Israel from going ahead with its offensive in Rafah – the last refuge for 1.5 million Palestinians.
The head of the UN World Food Programme says northern Gaza is now experiencing a “full-blown famine”. Thousands of Palestinians are starving as Israel has restricted the flow of humanitarian aid into Gaza.
At least 34,654 Palestinians have been killed and 77,908 wounded in Israeli attacks on Gaza since October 7. The death toll in Israel from Hamas’s October 7 attacks stands at 1,139 with dozens of people still held captive.
Kyiv can use British weapons inside Russia – Cameron
Lord Cameron met Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky in Kyiv on Thursday
UK Foreign Secretary Lord Cameron has said it is up to Ukraine to decide how to use British weapons and insisted it has the right to strike targets on Russian territory.
During a visit to Kyiv, he said the UK would provide £3bn ($3.75bn) per year for as long as necessary.
“Just as Russia is striking inside Ukraine, you can quite understand why Ukraine feels the need to make sure it’s defending itself,” Lord Cameron said.
Russia condemned what it called “another very dangerous statement”.
“This is a direct escalation of tension around the Ukrainian conflict, which would potentially pose a threat to European security,” said Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov.
Lord Cameron did not directly endorse the idea of British weapons being used to strike targets inside Russia.
But until now, the UK has generally let it be understood – without spelling it out – that weapons such as the long range Storm Shadow missile should only be used inside sovereign Ukrainian territory. There have been several examples of its successful use in Russian-occupied Crimea, including against elements of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet.
However, coming on the heels of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s pledge to give Ukraine £3bn ($3.76bn) in military assistance every year for the foreseeable future, it seems Lord Cameron wanted to emphasise that it is up to Ukraine to decide what it does with it.
The US has reportedly urged Ukraine to halt its strikes on oil refineries in Russia, fearing it could provoke an escalation in the conflict.
Mr Peskov also took aim at French President Emmanuel Macron, who said this week that the West would “legitimately” have to consider whether to send ground troops to Ukraine “if the Russians were to break through the front lines, if there were a Ukrainian request”.
Mr Macron’s remarks to The Economist were a “very dangerous trend”, said the Kremlin spokesman. However, the French leader made clear in his interview that if Russia won in Ukraine, there would be no security in Europe.
Russian forces have seized several villages in eastern Ukraine during recent advances, taking advantage of Ukraine’s shortages of weapons and manpower.
Ukrainian intelligence officials also believe Russia is gearing up for a summer offensive in the north-eastern regions of Kharkiv and Sumy.
The commander of the national guard, Oleksandr Pivnenko, warned recently that Russia was preparing “unpleasant surprises” and quietly recruiting 30,000 people a month.
A Russian strike on Kharkiv on Friday killed an elderly woman in her home, and a tram carrying passengers also came under fire, according to Mayor Ihor Terekhov.
Ukraine’s military says Russia’s immediate target is the strategic hilltop town of Chasiv Yar, 15km (9 miles) west of the devastated city of Bakhmut.
Officials believe the eastern town could enable Russian forces to attack major eastern cities such as Kramatorsk and Slovyansk. The military has suggested Moscow is keen to seize Chasiv Yar before Russians mark victory in World War Two on 9 May.
However, a Ukrainian military spokesman has denied that Russian troops have broken through to the Siverskyi Donetsk-Donbas canal on the outskirts of the town.
Russia claimed on Friday that its forces had captured three villages in Ukraine’s east in the past two weeks. Military spokesman Lt Col Nazar Voloshyn said the invading force had gained a foothold in the village of Ocheretyne but Ukrainian soldiers were working to drive them out.
Lord Cameron, who met President Volodymr Zelensky in Kyiv, said it was Russia that had launched an attack into Ukraine and Ukraine “absolutely has the right to strike back at Russia”.
Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said his remarks were tantamount to admitting the West was involved in a “hybrid war” against Moscow.
The UK has provided billions of pounds in military support for Ukraine since Russia launched its full-scale invasion in February 2022, ranging from tanks and precision-guided missiles to air-defence systems.
A year ago the UK confirmed it had begun supplying long-range Storm Shadow cruise missiles with a range of more than 250km (155 miles).
Meanwhile, Ukrainian Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal said he had appealed to Lord Cameron to help restore the country’s energy infrastructure which has been badly damaged by repeated Russian missile strikes.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c163kp93l6po
Editor’s Note
PROUT On samaj (im)migration
“All people have the right to travel and settle anywhere and everywhere they like and live as dignified human beings– this is their birthright …..What to speak of tiny earth, every planet, satellite, star, meteor and galaxy is the homeland of human beings! If anyone wants to deprive people of this birthright, human beings will have to establish it by force. ‘Sab deshe mor desh ache Ami sei desh laba bujhiya’
[All countries are my native land; I shall select my own homeland.]”
Shri P R Sarkar
Source: ‘Problem of the Day’ : 26 Jan 1958, RU Speech.
THE END
April 27, 2024
Oil price could exceed $100 a barrel if Middle East conflict worsens, World Bank warns
Increase in cost of crude could drive inflation up and force central banks to keep interest rates high
A serious escalation of tensions in the Middle East would push the price of oil above $100 (£80) a barrel and reverse the recent downward trend in global inflation, the World Bank has said.
The Washington-based institution said the recent fall in commodity prices had been levelling off even before the recent missile strikes by Iran and Israel – making interest rate decisions for central banks tougher.
But it added that its forecast that crude prices would average $84 a barrel this year would prove too optimistic in the event of the crisis worsening.
Fears of a full-scale war in the Middle East have already led to a rise in oil prices and dearer fuel costs for motorists. A barrel of Brent crude is trading at $87, while the average price of a litre of unleaded petrol in the UK has edged above £1.50 for the first time since last November.
The World Bank’s latest commodity markets report said: “A moderate conflict-related supply disruption could raise the average Brent price this year to $92 a barrel. A more severe disruption could see oil prices surpass $100 a barrel, raising global inflation in 2024 by nearly one percentage point.”
Between mid-2022 and mid-2023, global commodity prices plummeted by nearly 40% and were the driving force behind a near-two-percentage-point drop in global inflation over that period. Since mid-2023, the World Bank said its index of commodity prices had remained essentially unchanged.
Financial markets have already pared back expectations about the scale and pace of interest rate cuts this year in response to stickier than expected inflation.
Indermit Gill, the World Bank chief economist, said: “Global inflation remains undefeated. A key force for disinflation – falling commodity prices – has essentially hit a wall.
“That means interest rates could remain higher than currently expected this year and next. The world is at a vulnerable moment: a major energy shock could undermine much of the progress in reducing inflation over the past two years.”
Fox journalist among dozens arrested at Texas university as protests swell
Local and state police clash with demonstrators in state capital of Austin while rightwing governor says protesters ‘belong in jail’
At least 20 people were arrested, including a photojournalist, as police and demonstrators violently clashed at the University of Texas at Austin on Wednesday.
Hundreds of students walked out of class to protest against the conflict in Gaza and demand the university divest from companies that manufacture machinery used in Israel’s war efforts, carrying signs and chanting.
Dozens of local and state police – including some on horseback and holding batons – formed a line to stop protesters from marching through campus. Officers pushed them off the campus lawn and at one point sent people tumbling into the street.
According to local reporter Ryan Chandler, police ordered demonstrators to disperse via an audio announcement that could be heard across campus: “I command you in the name of the people of the state of Texas to disperse.”
A photographer covering the demonstration for Fox 7 Austin was arrested after being caught in a scuffle between law enforcement and students, the station said. Footage posted on social media showed the journalist being knocked down by officers. The network confirmed in its own reporting that their photographer was taken to jail.
England child alcohol use tops global chart, finds WHO report
A third of 11-year-olds and more than half of 13-year-olds in England have drunk alcohol – putting it top out of 44 countries examined in a report by global health experts.
Girls were found to be more likely than boys to be drinking and getting drunk aged 15 in England, Wales and Scotland.
The World Health Organization (WHO) report said alcohol, which can damage children’s brains, has been normalised.
It called on countries to introduce more measures to protect children.
The report looked at data from about 4,500 school-age children from each country in Europe, central Asia and Canada in 2021-22 on cigarette smoking, vaping, alcohol and cannabis habits among adolescents.
The UK has always had relatively high alcohol use among young people but it has been declining for some time.
Study coordinator Dr Jo Inchley, from Glasgow University, said signs that more children were starting to drink at a young age was “concerning”.
“Trying substances is part of growing up and experimenting but alcohol has long-term effects on health,” she said.
Dr Inchley said being exposed to more alcohol at home, changing attitudes of parents and the rebound effects after Covid lockdown could all be factors in the trend.
Research shows the earlier children start drinking, the more serious a problem it can become when they are older.
At age 13, the report found 12% of girls and 9% of boys in England had been drunk at least twice in their lives.
At 15, that had risen to a third of girls and a quarter of boys. More than a half of girls said they had drunk alcohol in the past 30 days.
https://www.bbc.com/news/health-68884005
Researchers find oldest undisputed evidence of Earth’s magnetic field
A new study, led by the University of Oxford and MIT, has recovered a 3.7-billion-year-old record of Earth’s magnetic field, and found that it appears remarkably similar to the field surrounding Earth today. The findings have been published in the Journal of Geophysical Research.
Without its magnetic field, life on Earth would not be possible since this shields us from harmful cosmic radiation and charged particles emitted by the sun (the ‘solar wind‘). But up to now, there has been no reliable date for when the modern magnetic field was first established.
In the study, the researchers examined an ancient sequence of iron-containing rocks from Isua, Greenland. Iron particles effectively act as tiny magnets that can record both magnetic field strength and direction when the process of crystallization locks them in place. The researchers found that rocks dating from 3.7 billion years ago captured a magnetic field strength of at least 15 microtesla comparable to the modern magnetic field (30 microtesla).
These results provide the oldest estimate of the strength of Earth’s magnetic field derived from whole rock samples, which provide a more accurate and reliable assessment than previous studies which used individual crystals.
Lead researcher Professor Claire Nichols (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford) said, “Extracting reliable records from rocks this old is extremely challenging, and it was really exciting to see primary magnetic signals begin to emerge when we analyzed these samples in the lab. This is a really important step forward as we try and determine the role of the ancient magnetic field when life on Earth was first emerging.”
Boeing Starliner 1st astronaut flight: Live updates
The so-called Starliner Crew Flight Test will launch on a weeklong mission to the ISS from Space Launch Complex 41 of the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida on May 6. Liftoff is set for 10:34 p.m. EDT (0234 May 7 GMT), with landing set for a week later in the southwestern U.S. Follow our live updates of the Boeing Crew Flight Test mission here from launch to landing!
The astronauts will launch to the ISS on Boeing’s Starliner and an Atlas V rocket from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station near KSC. Their one-week mission to the ISS is a final shakedown cruise for Boeing’s Starliner to prove it is ready for operational NASA crew flights. At the end of the mission, Starliner will parachute to Earth and make a land-based landing in the southwestern United States.
North East farmers offered carbon capturing volcanic fertiliser (U.K.)
Volcanic rock found in North East soil is being given to farmers in the hope of improving yields and environmental sustainability.
It follows a Newcastle University study into basalt rock powder which included a trial at Nafferton Farm, Stocksfield.
Researchers found the powder offered a potential yield increase of up to 22% while helping to capture carbon.
Manufacturer UNDO is giving the fertiliser to farms free of charge to encourage take up of the product.
Many parts of the UK – including north-east England – are rich in igneous (or volcanic) rock, which is easily accessible as a by-product of quarries across the region.
This rock is then ground into a powder which sucks up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during rainfall in a process known as enhanced rock weathering.
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-tyne-68818083
Tennessee governor plans to sign bill that would let teachers carry guns in schools (U.S. south west)
Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee said Thursday that he planned to sign a bill state legislators sent to his desk this week that would allow school staff members to carry concealed handguns on school grounds.
“What’s important to me is that we give districts tools and the option to use a tool that will keep their children safe in their schools,” Lee said at a news conference Thursday after he shared his plans to sign the legislation.
Under state law, Lee, a Republican, has the option to sign the bill, veto it or allow it to become law without his signature.
The Republican-controlled state House passed the measure Tuesday largely along party lines roughly a year after a shooter opened fire and killed six people at The Covenant School in Nashville. The state Senate, which is also controlled by the GOP, passed the measure this month.
Lee on Thursday highlighted the legislation’s requirements that faculty and staff members wishing to carry concealed handguns on school groundscomplete a minimum of 40 hours of approved training specific to school policing every year. They also must obtain written authorization from law enforcement, he noted.
“There are folks across the state who disagree on the way forward,” Lee said Thursday, adding that he thought the legislation would allow school districts the opportunity to decide “at the local level what is best for the schools and the children in that district.”
The triumphant return of the US’ sandcastle championships
Located on a barrier island just off Texas’ city of Corpus Christi, Port Aransas (population: 3,600) is barely more than a sleepy hamlet most of the year. However, for three days each April (19-21 April 2024), tens of thousands of people descend on this classic Texan beach town from all over the world when it becomes the epicentre of the sand-sculpting universe.
The largest “native sand” sand-sculpting competition in the world – using sand that is on site, rather than carted in – Texas SandFest began in the mid-1990s when two local women began creating sand art on the beach. Word spread, and in 1997, Port Aransas decided to make the artwork the star of a new beach festival. It started off as a small and local celebration. But as the saying prophetically goes, “Everything is bigger in Texas”.
“Our first festival was maybe 800 people, across 200ft,” recalls site manager Dave Gizicki, who is responsible for making sure everyone and everything has its allotted space on the beach. “SandFest now takes up 2,000ft, and from the ticket sales, we expect 30,000 visitors a day.”
This year represents an artistic return. Sculptor coordinator Suzanne Altamare tells how the festival inadvertently fell afoul of Texas’ controversial pandemic policies. Despite watchcries from medical professionals, the state reopened in 2021 even as Covid cases continued to rise. SandFest organisers likewise pushed for the festival to commence, even with the restriction of limiting outdoor events to 100 people. The artists that did attend used their sculptures for thinly veiled political statements; one sculptor had Abraham Lincoln facepalming.
Films chronicling Indian farmers’ protests, CAA to feature at Hot Docs festival
The 31st edition of North America’s largest documentary film festival begins in Toronto, Canada on Thursday and continues through May 5
Toronto: A pair of projects chronicling protests against legislation brought in by the Government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in India are among the Indian productions that will be featured at North America’s largest documentary film festival Hot Docs this year.
Among the world premieres this year will be Farming The Revolution, a documentary that follows the farmers’ protests that opposed three farm laws enacted by the Indian government. Director by Nishtha Jain, and co-directed by Akash Basumatari, the feature documentary tracks the protests from their beginning in late 2020 onto developments a year later as the government repealed the legislation.Another protest, that did not culminate with such success, was that against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). Produced and directed by Nausheen Khan, it centres around the protests at Shaheen Bagh. As Hot Docs stated the film “explores the shared human experiences of exclusion, polarisation and repression, while showcasing the strength and resilience of the women of Shaheen Bagh. Their story provides a powerful precedent for a new form of public dissent in modern India”.
Democratic Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer said: “After more than six months of hard work and many twists and turns in the road, America sends a message to the entire world: we will not turn our back on you.”
Reacting to the vote, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said it “reinforces America’s role as a beacon of democracy and leader of the free world”.
The Senate passed a similar aid package in February, but a group of conservatives who oppose new Ukraine support had prevented it from coming to a vote in the House of Representatives.
In the House on Saturday, a majority of Republicans in the chamber voted against the foreign aid package.
The bill also faced resistance among a handful of Senate Republicans who opposed any new aid to Ukraine.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68885868
Children in war zones face permanent mental health consequences, trauma
Around the world, children are disproportionately bearing the brunt of war. Childhood traumas can permanently change how the brain develops, but the effects often are not seen until adulthood.
The world is currently experiencing its highest levels of violent conflict in at least 30 years. Along with the ongoing war in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, there are at least 110 armed conflicts taking place across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe. Many of these wars are being fought in cities and crowded civilian areas. Indiscriminate missile and drone strikes across multiple war zones are affecting civilians, schools, hospitals, and children’s shelters.
Officials warn that, more than ever before in modern history, the biggest victims of these geopolitical battles are children. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has repeatedly warned that children are “disproportionately” bearing the brunt of modern conflicts.
Israeli war cabinet resumes hostage deal discussions, official says
A delegation from Egypt plans to travel to Israel on Friday to discuss “security coordination” after Israel’s war cabinet met to discuss hostage deal negotiations, according to an Israeli official who spoke on the condition of anonymity due to the matter’s sensitivity, signaling a resumption of efforts to broker a cease-fire and hostage release after months of failed talks. The official said a proposed hostage deal could avert a planned Israeli offensive in Rafah, where much of Gaza’s population has been displaced.
More than 500 people have been detained over the past week in pro-Palestinian protests at colleges across the United States. Students — many demanding that their institutions cut ties with corporations doing business with Israel — have continued to gather on campuses despite the presence of police and exhortations from administrators.
President Biden named Lise Grande as the new U.S. special envoy for Middle East humanitarian issues, replacing David Satterfield. Grande recently headed the U.S. Institute of Peace and is a former U.N. official who oversaw humanitarian efforts in Yemen and Iraq.
The newly awakened humanity of today is anxious to herald the advent of one universal society under the vast blue sky. The noble and righteous persons of all countries, bound by fraternal ties, are eager to assert in one voice, with one mind, and in the same tune that human society is one and indivisible. In this voice of total unity and magnanimity lies the value and message of eternal humanism.
–P. R. Sarkar From PROUT in a Nutshell Vol. 2, Part 7
THE END
April 20, 2024
Thailand’s Maha Songkran World Water Festival welcomes over 784,000 festival-goers
Bangkok (VNA) – The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) claims that the “Maha Songkran World Water Festival 2024”, held at Sanam Luang and Ratchadamnoen Avenue from April 11-15 is a great success with more than 784,000 participants.
TAT Governor Thapanee Kiatphaibool said on April 17 that the five-day festive event, featuring various forms of entertainment, street food and a parade, among others, attracted over 784,000 visitors, including about 693,300 Thais.
She said that festive activities at Sanam Luang generates an impressive revenue of about 950 million THB (25.8 million USD) from selling food, drinks, souvenirs, transport and accommodation spendings and others.
The festival also generated incomes to about 500 vendors and about 2,000 workers.
The TAT head said holding the grand festival at Sanam Luang is a great success as it attracted both domestic and foreign tourists.
A survey showed that most of the festival goers were happy with the festival.
In addition, Thapanee emphasised that the festival and its venue – Sanam Luang – have been widely mentioned on social networks, contributing to promoting one of Thailand‘s important tourism destinations to foreign tourists.
Located in the centre of Bangkok, in front of the Royal Palace, Sanam Luang Park with an area of over 119,000 sq.m acted as a gateway to explore more of Bangkok’s festive landscapes, with nearby attractions like Khao San Road, Phra Arthit Road, and Bang Lamphu area playing supporting roles in this grand celebration of Thai culture. Thapanee highlighted the careful zoning and planning of the festival areas, ensuring a carnival that catered to young and old, locals and tourists alike, knitting everyone into the vibrant tapestry of Songkran.
Banquet hall with frescoes on the Trojan War discovered in Pompeii (Italy)
By Euronews with AP
Mythological figures are depicted in the halls of a Roman banquet hall discovered in Pompeii. The works were unearthed in almost perfect condition.
An imposing banquet hall, with elegant black walls decorated with mythological subjects inspired by the Trojan War, was discovered during ongoing excavation activities in insula 10 of Pompeii ‘s Regio IX and is now fully visible in all its glory.
The room was used to entertain in convivial moments for those living the “high life”, evidenced by the spaciousness of the space, the presence of frescoes and mosaics datable to the 3rd style, the artistic quality of the paintings and the choice of subjects.
Frescoes on the Trojan War in Pompeii
The runnings themes of the artwork found on the walls seems to be that of heroism, with heroes and gods of the Trojan War most prominent on the walls.
Mythological figures in Roman homes had the social function of entertaining guests and diners, providing cues for conversation and reflection on existence.
In addition to Helen and Paris, the figure of Cassandra, daughter of Priam, appears on the walls of the hall, paired with Apollo. In Greek mythology Cassandra was known for her gift of foresight and the terrible fate that prevents her from altering the future.
Mythological figures in Pompeii houses to talk about life and the past
The walls of the banquet hall were painted black, “to prevent the smoke from the lamps on the walls from being seen. Here people gathered to feast after dark, the flickering light of the oil lamps made the images seem to move, especially after a few glasses of good Campanian wine,” explains Pompeii Archaeological Park Director Gabriel Zuchtriegel.
“Today, Helen and Paris are all of us: every day we can choose to care only about our intimate lives or to investigate how this life of ours is intertwined with the great story,” Zuchtruegel adds.
More than 13,000 rooms discovered in Pompeii
The hall measures about 15 metres long by six metres wide and opens into a courtyard that appears to be a service hallway, open to the sky, with a long staircase leading to the second floor, devoid of decoration.
Under the arches of the staircase, a huge pile of yard material was found and set aside. Someone had drawn in charcoal on the rough plaster of the large staircase arches, two pairs of gladiators and what looks like a huge stylised phallus.
The excavation activity is aimed at protecting Pompeii’s vast heritage more effective and sustainable, which has more than 13,000 rooms in 1070 dwelling units, in addition to public and sacred spaces.
Excavation in the area so far has returned two interconnected dwellings, the facades of which were already brought to light in the late 19th century. Behind these two houses, sumptuous frescoed living rooms are emerging at this stage of excavation, again affected at the time of Pompeii’s eruption, by major renovations.
Representatives from 19 countries commit at a regional meeting to continue promoting assessment and evidence for educational quality
Between the 3rd and 5th of April 2024 in San Andrés, Colombia, the “Regional Meeting on Assessment in Latin America: Evidence for the Recovery and Transformation Agenda” took place. It was organized by the Colombian Institute for the Evaluation of Education (ICFES), with the support of the UNESCO Multisectoral Regional Office in Santiago and its Latin American Laboratory for the Evaluation of Educational Quality (LLECE). At the event, the Colombia Declaration was signed, expressing the signatories’ commitment to promoting the evaluation of educational quality.
Nineteen member countries of the LLECE Laboratory and representatives from the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the World Bank, and the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF), as well as representatives from various evaluation agencies of Latin America and the Caribbean, participated in the meeting. Attendees shared experiences on best practices in evaluation and to enhance collaborative work, focusing on the importance of generating evidence to make better decisions for recovery and transformation at the educational level.
During the three days of work, various thematic axes were addressed to promote improvements in the evaluation of educational quality in the region. Initially, the discussion centered on evaluation as a dynamic tool that can facilitate the identification of learning areas affected within the context of the pandemic. Then, the SER evaluation, a measure from the Secretary of Education of the District (Bogotá), was discussed, aiming to assess not only the academic knowledge of each student but also other aspects that encompass each individual’s holistic development.
On the last day of the meeting, experts worked on innovations in the evaluation of educational quality, recognizing that the methodologies applied must also evolve to reflect the current needs and contexts of the countries.
“The participation in this meeting reaffirms the purpose of UNESCO’s LLECE Laboratory to work and share experiences regarding the quality of education in Latin America and the Caribbean, to strengthen ties and synergies between the participating countries, and to share their good practices and educational innovations,” emphasized its general coordinator, Carlos Henríquez.
Henríquez added that this would be “promoting a concrete and mobilizing agenda that goes from commitment to action, as agreed at the meeting of ministers of Education held last January.”
On her part, the general director of ICFES, Elizabeth Blandón, assured that “evaluation is a powerful tool for change that, applied with discernment, has the potential to transform our educational systems. It is the pillar on which we can build a promising future for education in Latin America.”
The Latin American meeting on educational evaluation continued the event held in Venezuela at the end of 2023, which promoted an evaluation agenda to serve the educational improvements needed in the region. It is expected that through these meetings, a collective and collaborative construction will be generated, adding value to the evaluation processes as a way to continue contributing to the recovery, reactivation, and educational transformation.
During this event, efforts were made to contribute to the advancement of the regional framework for educational recovery and transformation committed last January at the Extraordinary Meeting of Ministers of Education of Latin America and the Caribbean, generating opportunities for input, enrichment, and nurturing a shared vision that focuses on the students of Latin America and the Caribbean to improve their learning and wellbeing.
Once the regional event concluded, the 19 attending countries signed the Colombia Declaration, which invited the countries to continue working under a purpose that drives:
The regional evaluation agenda and the role of UNESCO’s LLECE Laboratory as a coordinating body, which seeks synergy among countries and supports them in the development of their educational policies, always from a perspective of collaboration and shared commitment.
That contributions to the frameworks of recovery, reactivation, and educational transformation be considered, where evaluation plays a central role in improving educational systems with equity.
The creation of working commissions for early childhood, migration, and special educational needs, with the aim of exchanging experiences so that, from the perspective of educational evaluation, support can be provided to students who need it, recognizing diversity and their different contexts.
The reaffirmation of the countries’ commitment to UNESCO’s LLECE Laboratory on the occasion of its 30th anniversary, to continue enhancing a regional agenda that decisively contributes to action through evaluation based on evidence and a common vision among the countries.
Tall tales but no dessert: the storyteller of Karachi and his ice-cream cart library
In a country where 77% of 10-year-olds are illiterate, a reading scheme in Pakistan is reaching thousands of children in slums.
She has already heard the story from Mohammad Noman, who is entertaining more than a dozen children with the tale of Noori, an insecure yellow parrot. “I don’t mind listening to it again,” says Saira. “He’s so funny.”
Noman, 23, is spending two weeks in Lyari pedalling an old ice-cream cart through its lanes, stopping to read his stories and leaving behind books for the children to borrow.
He dropped out of school himself as a teenager but has returned to education and is now studying for his high school certificate.
He is also one of two storytellers working part-time for the Kahaani Sawaari (Stories on Wheels) programme, run by GoRead.pk, which is working to improve literacy among underprivileged communities in Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city.
“I become a kid when I am around the children,” says Noman. In the past 18 months, he has visited 30 areas of Lyari, one of the most densely populated and deprived neighbourhoods of Karachi, with more than 660,000 residents, mostly from the marginalised Baloch ethnic group.
“I have learned so much,” says Noman. “It has brought a change in me as well. I’ve become more tolerant of people and developed patience. I think I have a certain rapport with children and they listen.”
Books and uniforms can be prohibitively expensive in Pakistan. Saira dropped out of school a year ago when her father, who worked in a toy shop, lost his job as Pakistan’s economy was hit by rocketing food and fuel prices.
About 15,000 children have attended more than 700 Kahaani Sawaari storytelling sessions since the project was launched in 2021.
Erum Kazi, GoRead’s programme director, says parents have told her how their children have developed a love for reading since the scheme began.
38 trillion dollars in damages each year: World economy already committed to income reduction of 19 % due to climate change
04/17/2024 – Even if CO2 emissions were to be drastically cut down starting today, the world economy is already committed to an income reduction of 19 % until 2050 due to climate change, a new study published in “Nature” finds. These damages are six times larger than the mitigation costs needed to limit global warming to two degrees. Based on empirical data from more than 1,600 regions worldwide over the past 40 years, scientists at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) assessed future impacts of changing climatic conditions on economic growth and their persistence.
“Strong income reductions are projected for the majority of regions, including North America and Europe, with South Asia and Africa being most strongly affected. These are caused by the impact of climate change on various aspects that are relevant for economic growth such as agricultural yields, labour productivity or infrastructure,” says PIK scientist and first author of the study Maximilian Kotz. Overall, global annual damages are estimated to be at 38 trillion dollars, with a likely range of 19-59 trillion Dollars in 2050. These damages mainly result from rising temperatures but also from changes in rainfall and temperature variability. Accounting for other weather extremes such as storms or wildfires could further raise them.
Huge economic costs also for the United States and European Union
“Our analysis shows that climate change will cause massive economic damages within the next 25 years in almost all countries around the world, also in highly-developed ones such as Germany, France and the United States,” says PIK scientist Leonie Wenz who led the study. ”These near-term damages are a result of our past emissions. We will need more adaptation efforts if we want to avoid at least some of them. And we have to cut down our emissions drastically and immediately – if not, economic losses will become even bigger in the second half of the century, amounting to up to 60% on global average by 2100. This clearly shows that protecting our climate is much cheaper than not doing so, and that is without even considering non-economic impacts such as loss of life or biodiversity.”
To date, global projections of economic damages caused by climate change typically focus on national impacts from average annual temperatures over long-time horizons. By including the latest empirical findings from climate impacts on economic growth in more than 1,600 subnational regions worldwide over the past 40 years and by focusing on the next 26 years, the researchers were able to project sub-national damages from temperature and rainfall changes in great detail across time and space all the while reducing the large uncertainties associated with long-term projections. The scientists combined empirical models with state-of-the-art climate simulations (CMIP-6). Importantly, they also assessed how persistently climate impacts have affected the economy in the past and took this into account as well.
Countries least responsible will suffer most
“Our study highlights the considerable inequity of climate impacts: We find damages almost everywhere, but countries in the tropics will suffer the most because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefore be most harmful there. The countries least responsible for climate change, are predicted to suffer income loss that is 60% greater than the higher-income countries and 40% greater than higher-emission countries. They are also the ones with the least resources to adapt to its impacts. It is on us to decide: structural change towards a renewable energy system is needed for our security and will save us money. Staying on the path we are currently on, will lead to catastrophic consequences. The temperature of the planet can only be stabilized if we stop burning oil, gas and coal,” says Anders Levermann, Head of Research Department Complexity Science at the Potsdam Institute and co-author of the study.
Which countries have seen farmers’ protests in recent times?
Across the world, agriculture is turning into a key battleground. The people in power are trying to tame farmers while opponents are trying to harness their anger. This has become the latest skirmish in a wider culture war, much of it centered on the speed of the economic and social transition in response to climate change. From India, Spain, Italy and Belgium to Poland and Lithuania, here we list the countries that witnessed farmers’ protests in recent times.
some glimpses
Farmers’ protests in Delhi.
demands – a legal guarantee to MSP for all crops, full debt waiver for farmers, pension for farmers and withdrawal of cases against farmers during the 2020 protest.
Belgium: Hundreds of farmers on tractors blocked the roads to demand better pay and working conditions.
Farmers in Belgium and across Europe have been protesting for months, mainly to raise their concerns and anger about the excessively stringent European environmental regulations and falling incomes.
France: Farmers in France, the EU’s biggest agricultural producer, are protesting as they say they are not being paid enough and are choked by excessive regulation on environmental protection.
Farmers complain that the 27-nation bloc’s environmental policies, such as the Green Deal, which calls for limits on the use of chemicals and on greenhouse gas emissions, limit their business and make their products more expensive than non-EU imports.
Greece: Farmers in Greece are also protesting over high production costs
Greek farmers dealing with high energy prices and production costs say they have also been hurt by climate change-driven weather, with unpredictable flooding, extreme heat and wildfires making their work ever more hazardous.
Germany: German farmers kicked off a week of nationwide protests against subsidy cuts in January 2024.
The subjects of the protests are the abolition of tax breaks on farmers and the policies of the federal government.
Italy: Farmers have been peacefully protesting in Italy expressing their discontent.
Like their counterparts across the EU, falling incomes and rising costs remain at the heart of their concerns. They are also protesting issues such as the cost of fuel or European Union environmental regulations designed to mitigate climate change which they say are damaging their livelihoods.
Poland: In Poland, farmers have been particularly vocal about the impact of cheap food imports from Ukraine. They began a 30-day strike on February 9 that has seen them block roads across the country as well as border crossings with Ukraine.
Spain: Farmers in Spain staged similar actions as part of protests against European Union farming policies.
Spanish farmers are particularly incensed by what they view as the non-enforcement of the law guaranteeing wholesale major supermarket buyers pay fair prices, while consumer prices have soared, and by the competition from non-EU imports, which rose 80% in volume between 2012 and 2022
Japanese satellite will beam solar power to Earth in 2025
Japan’s upcoming space-based solar power demonstration will beam power to Earth next year.
LONDON — Japan is on track to beam solar power from space to Earth next year, two years after a similar feat was achieved by U.S. engineers. The development marks an important step toward a possible space-based solar power station that could help wean the world off fossil fuels amid the intensifying battle against climate change.
Speaking at the International Conference on Energy from Space, held here this week, Koichi Ijichi, an adviser at the Japanese research institute Japan Space Systems, outlined Japan’s road map toward an orbital demonstration of a miniature space-based solar power plant that will wirelessly transmit energy from low Earth orbit to Earth.
One kilowatt is about the amount of power needed to run a household appliance, such as a small dishwasher, for about an hour, depending on its size. Therefore, the demonstration is nowhere near the scale required for commercial use.
The spacecraft will use a 22-square-foot (2 square meters) onboard photovoltaic panel to charge a battery. The accumulated energy will then be transformed into microwaves and beamed toward a receiving antenna on Earth. Because the spacecraft travels very fast — around 17,400 mph (28,000 km/h) — antenna elements will have to be spread over a distance of about 25 miles (40 km), spaced 3 miles (5 km) apart, to allow enough energy to be transmitted.
“The transmission will take only a few minutes,” Ijichi said. “But once the battery is empty, it will take several days to recharge.”
Legalise abortions in first trimester, German commission says
A government-appointed expert commission has called on Germany to legalise the termination of a pregnancy within the first 12 weeks.
It might come as a surprise to many, but abortions are, in fact, generally illegal in the Western European nation.
There are, however, exemptions.
For instance, a woman is not punished for choosing to terminate a pregnancy within the first 12 weeks if she has an official medical consultation beforehand.
Other exemptions include cases of rape or when the woman’s life is in danger.
In other words, while abortions are in theory illegal, they are generally not prosecuted.
In some cases, charges are pressed against doctors or clinics and women are sometimes questioned by police, which can be traumatic.
The result of this legal limbo is that some clinics and doctors either don’t publicise the service on their websites, or refuse to carry out abortions at all out of fear of prosecution. Some women report that provision of terminations can be patchy or hard to find, particularly in rural areas.
Liberalisation campaigners say all this adds to the stigma surrounding abortions, making an already difficult situation unnecessarily stressful for women.
Hurdles, such as finding and organising a pre-termination consolation, mean that abortions are sometimes carried out later.
To clear up the confusion, a year ago Germany’s leftwing-led government set up an independent commission of scientific experts to recommend how to reform the system.
On Monday, they released their 628-page report, recommending that abortions be allowed within the first 12 weeks.
Liane Wörner, a lawyer who leads the commission, said on Monday in Berlin that keeping early-stage abortions illegal is “no longer tenable” given the constitution, human rights and European law.
So will the law on abortions now be liberalised in Germany? Not necessarily.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68816693
Georgia advances ‘foreign agents’ bill as 20,000 rally against it
The ruling party suddenly reintroduced the bill earlier this month, after mass protests forced its withdrawal last year.
The Georgian parliament has advanced a controversial “foreign influence” bill through its first reading, as thousands joined a third day of anti-government protests.
The bill, first presented early in 2023 and withdrawn amid fierce public opposition, requires media and civil society groups to register as being under “foreign influence” if they get more than 20 percent of their funding from overseas.
Critics say the bill mirrors a repressive Russian law on “foreign agents” that has been used against independent news media and groups seen as being at odds with the Kremlin and will undermine Tbilisi’s aspirations for closer European Union ties and, ultimately, membership.
In a vote boycotted by the opposition in the 150-seat parliament, 83 politicians from the ruling Georgian Dream party backed the bill.
Some 20,000 people blocked traffic in front of the parliament building in the capital, Tbilisi, to show their opposition to the measure.
“No to the Russian law!” they shouted after listening to the Georgian national anthem and European Union’s Ode to Joy.
Speaking at the rally, opposition member of parliament Aleksandre Ellisashvili condemned politicians who voted for the bill as “traitors” and said the rest of Georgia would show them that “people are power, and not the traitor government”.
The Black Sea nation was once part of the Soviet Union but secured its independence in 1991 as the USSR collapsed.
Ukraine Russia war: US Congress close to passing long-awaited aid
After months of delay, the US House of Representatives is poised to hold a vote on tens of billions of dollars in American military aid for Ukraine and Israel this weekend.
Both measures have vocal opponents in Congress, however, and their hopes of passage have hinged on a fragile bipartisan coalition to overcome daunting procedural and legislative obstacles.
Speaker of the House Mike Johnson has said he is determined to bring the matter to a vote, even if it may put his hold on power in jeopardy.
The Ukraine vote will be closely watched in Kyiv, which has warned of an urgent need for fresh support from its allies as Russia makes steady gains on the battlefield.
The House is set to vote on final passage on Saturday, and the Senate may approve the package as soon as this weekend. President Joe Biden has pledged to sign it into law.
What’s in the aid bills?
Mr Johnson’s foreign aid proposal provides $60.8bn (£49bn) to Ukraine, $26.4bn to Israel and $8.1bn to the Indo-Pacific region, including Taiwan. The House of Representatives will vote on each component individually, raising the possibility that some components will be approved and others will fail.
The Speaker is also bringing a fourth piece of legislation to a vote, which includes requiring that Chinese company ByteDance divest itself of the TikTok social media app, authorising the sale of frozen Russian assets, and imposing new sanctions on Russia, Iran and China.
Whatever passes will be combined into one bill that will then have to be approved as a whole by the Senate before it reaches the president’s desk.
Mr Johnson has also promised to introduce an immigration reform bill that contains provisions favoured by conservative Republicans in an attempt to win over their support for the aid package.
But the border bill looks unlikely to pass as it would require the support of two-thirds of the House, reports the Washington Post.
Why have they been held up?
Opinion polls suggest that a growing number of Republicans oppose any new aid to Ukraine. Some liberals are against military support for Israel. While these sentiments were not enough to prevent the US Senate from passing legislation that contained support for both nations in February, it has been a different story in the House.
Mr Johnson has a slim majority in the chamber, and a handful of conservatives have threatened to push for his removal if he backs new Ukraine aid. The effort, led by Georgia congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene, has two other supporters so far: Thomas Massie of Kentucky and Paul Gosar of Arizona.
Up until now, the Speaker has been reluctant to challenge his right-wing critics. On Wednesday, however, he reversed course, saying his goal was to “do the right thing and let the chips fall where they may”.
Meanwhile, left-wing Democrats who object to Israel’s conduct of the war in Gaza have said that they will not allow the US to continue to be complicit in a human-rights catastrophe. The Israel aid bill contains $9bn in humanitarian aid, which may help win over some reluctant Democrats.
By allowing separate votes on Israel and Ukraine aid, Mr Johnson hopes to allow individual legislators to vote against provisions they dislike without sinking the entire effort.
What’s at stake?
Biden administration officials have warned that the situation in Ukraine is dire. The nation’s military is running short on munitions and morale is low, as the Russian army gains ground.
“There is a very real risk that the Ukrainians could lose on the battlefield by the end of 2024, or at least put [Russian President Vladimir] Putin in a position where he could essentially dictate the terms of a political settlement,” CIA Director William Burns said during a speech in Texas on Thursday.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68848277
From Editor’s Desk
Social, economic, and political consciousness is…indispensable for the success of democracy. Even educated people may be misguided by shrewd and cunning politicians if they are not sufficiently conversant with social, economic, and political issues. Democracy can be successful only when people imbibe these three kinds of consciousness. Without this awareness, the welfare of the society is not possible either in theory or in practice.
–P. R. Sarkar
From PROUT in a Nutshell, Vol. II, Part 6
That’s all for this week. Thanks for Reading
April 13, 2024
Colombian Amazon (south America) deforestation surges as armed groups tighten grip
Country had previously turned the tide on deforestation but armed rebels have revoked.
Deforestation in the Colombian Amazon is surging and could be at a historic peak as armed groups use the rainforest as a bargaining chip in peace negotiations with the government.
Preliminary data shows that deforestation in the region was 40% higher in the first three months of this year than in 2023 as armed groups tightened their control over the rainforest, said Susana Muhamad, the country’s environment minister.
“We are seeing an upward trend that is quite worrying and this has two main reasons,” Muhamad told a press conference in Bogotá. “The first is the very significant coercion [of local people] by armed groups in the area, and the second is obviously the favourable conditions [for fires] that have to do with the El Niño phenomenon.”
Colombia has been turning the tide on runaway deforestation in recent years after a 2016 peace accord with the country’s largest guerrilla group left forests unprotected.
Without the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Farc) policing the jungle, a record 219,973 hectares (544,000 acres) were lost in 2017.
Gustavo Petro’s government – the first leftwing administration in the country’s history – has rapidly reversed the trend by negotiating with the armed rebels who have filled the Farc’s power vacuum.
Deforestation in the Colombian Amazon was 41% higher in the last three months of 2023 than it was the previous year, reaching 18,400 hectares. The concerning trend has continued this year, with 40% higher forest loss in the first three months of 2024, preliminary government figures show.
Brightest-ever cosmic explosion solved but new mysteries sparked
Researchers have discovered the cause of the brightest burst of light ever recorded.
But in doing so they have run up against two bigger mysteries, including one that casts doubt on where our heavy elements – like gold – come from.
The burst of light, spotted in 2022, is now known to have had an exploding star at its heart, researchers say.
But that explosion, by itself, would not have been sufficient to have shone so brightly.
And our current theory says that some exploding stars, known as supernovas, might also produce the heavy elements in the universe such as gold and platinum.
The explosion was detected by telescopes in October 2022. It came from a distant galaxy 2.4 billion light-years away, emitting light across all frequencies. But it was especially intense in its gamma rays, which are a more penetrating form of X-rays.
The gamma ray burst lasted seven minutes and was so powerful that it was off the scale, overwhelming the instruments that detected them. Subsequent readings showed that the burst was 100 times brighter than anything that had ever been recorded before, earning it the nickname among astronomers of the Brightest Of All Time or B.O.A.T.
Gamma ray bursts are associated with exploding supernovas, but this was so bright that it could not be easily explained. If it were a supernova, it would have had to have been absolutely enormous, according to the current theory.
The burst was so bright that it initially dazzled the instruments on Nasa’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The telescope had only recently become operational, and this was an incredible stroke of luck for astronomers wanting to study the phenomenon because such powerful explosions are calculated to occur once every 10,000 years.
As the light dimmed, one of JWST’s instruments was able to see there had indeed been a supernova explosion. But it had not been nearly as powerful as they expected. So why then had the burst of gamma rays been off the scale?
But what about the missing gold?
One theory is that one of the ways heavy elements – such as gold, platinum, lead and uranium – might be produced during the extreme conditions that are created during supernovas. These are spread across the galaxy and are used in the formation of planets, which is how, the theory goes, the metals found on Earth arose.
There is evidence that heavy elements can be produced when dead stars, called neutron stars collide, a process called a kilonovae, but it’s thought that not enough could be created this way. The team will investigate other supernova remnants to see if heavy elements still can be produced by exploding stars but only under specific conditions.
But the researchers found no evidence of heavy elements around the exploded star. So, is the theory wrong and heavy elements are produced some other way, or are they only produced in supernovas under certain conditions?
Russia Kazakhstan floods: High water levels swamp Orenburg houses
Floods in the Russian city of Orenburg have raised water levels to two metres above critical, leaving just the roofs of some houses showing.
Levels in Orenburg are likely to peak on Friday, but floods are expected to spread through neighbouring regions over the coming days and weeks.
Kazakhstan has also been badly affected, with 100,000 people evacuated from their homes in the last week.
The flooding is being described as the worst to hit the region in 80 years.
Last week, several rivers – including the Ural, Europe’s third-largest – burst their banks. A number flow back and forth between Russia and Kazakhstan.
High seasonal temperatures have led to rapidly melting snow and ice, compounded by heavy rains.
The Ural river reached 11.43m (37ft) in Orenburg on Friday. Authorities say that more than 10,000 people have been evacuated there, and 11,700 homes have been flooded.
Mayor Sergei Salmin has called for further mass evacuations in some districts.
“Leave your homes immediately. The situation is critical, don’t waste time!” he said on his Telegram channel, adding that the sirens being heard in the city were not an exercise.
The city has a population of half a million and is about 1,500km (930 miles) south-east of Moscow.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68796487
Protesters in Spanish Canary Islands on hunger strike over mass tourism
Activists have begun a hunger strike on the island of Tenerife, in protest at what they see as the destructive growth of tourism on the Canary Islands.
Protesters are calling for a halt to the construction of a hotel and a beach resort in the south of the island.
They also want a moratorium on all tourism development projects.
The small group of hunger strikers began their protest on Thursday night after a deadline for local authorities to discuss the matter expired.
The move is part of a wider protest movement across the islands, calling itself Canarias Se Agota, or The Canaries Have Had Enough.
A total of 13.9 million tourists visited the Canary Islands in 2023, according to local chamber of commerce figures, 13% more than the year before. That is about six times more than the islands’ population of 2.2 million.
Other areas of Spain are seeing similar concerns about tourism. In Barcelona, campaigners are calling for more controls on arrivals. Authorities in Ibiza blame illegal tourist flats for a housing crisis which has left some local professionals sleeping in their cars.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68797626
March 26, 2024 – Baltimore Key Bridge collapses after ship collision
The Francis Scott Key Bridge collapsed early Tuesday after a massive container ship lost power and crashed into the iconic Baltimore bridge, sending people and vehicles into the frigid Patapsco River.
Six people, believed to be part of a road construction crew, are presumed dead and the Coast Guard has ended its active search and rescue mission.
Here’s what you should know about the historic bridge:
How old?: The Francis Scott Key Bridge, also referred to as just the Key Bridge, opened to traffic in March 1977 and is the final link in the Baltimore Beltway, according to the Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA.) It crosses over the 50-foot-deep Patapsco River, where former US attorney Francis Scott Key found inspiration to write the lyrics to the Star Spangled Banner, the MDTA says.
How long?: The bridge was 1.6 miles long when standing, MDTA reports.
Traffic volume: More than 30,000 people commuted daily on the bridge, according to Maryland Gov. Wes Moore.
Maryland bridge collapse could affect agriculture
NBC News’ Rob Wile and Shannon Pettypiece reported Tuesday that “customers from the East Coast to the Midwest who were expecting goods shipped in via the Port of Baltimore could see significant cost increases as a result of Tuesday’s collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore” that has blocked access for ships to the port.
“Baltimore is the largest entry point in the U.S. for large agriculture and construction equipment like tractors, farming combines, forklifts, bulldozers and heavy-duty trucks that are bound for the Midwest, according to DAT Freight and Analytics, a freight-exchange service,” Wile and Pettypiece wrote. “Any disruption to agriculture and construction equipment shipments would come at a particularly bad time as Midwest farmers have begun to plant this year’s crops, while construction picks up in colder climates as the ground begins to thaw, said Dean Croke, principal analyst with DAT.”
“According to Steenhoek, the Port of Baltimore exports around 200,000 metric tons of soybeans,” Kramer wrote. “In comparison, the Mississippi Gulf near New Orleans is the No. 1 export region for soybeans and exports 35 million metric tons.”
Lancaster Farming’s Philip Gruber reported Tuesday that while there could be a disruption moving forward for farm machinery, “dealerships are well stocked these days, with manufacturers having overcome the pandemic’s supply chain problems,” Gruber reported. “As a result, the port blockage may have little effect on equipment inventory in the short term. But the longer it takes for Baltimore to recover, the greater the risk that inventories will draw down and prices will rise.”
New WIC rules provide families with more money for fruits and vegetables
The changes, meant to align with dietary guidance from nutrition groups, reduces allotments for dairy, drawing pushback from the sector.
Low-income families will have more money for fruits and vegetables under one of the largest rule changes in a decade to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture said Tuesday that updates to WIC will increase the cash allowance for fruits and vegetables, plus expand the types of produce available for purchase. The changes also enhance access to whole grains and dairy substitutes such as plant-based yogurts and cheeses.
The revisions additionally decrease monthly allowances for milk and juice, reflecting dietary recommendations from groups including the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine.
Around 6.6 million mothers and children rely on the WIC program, and any changes to eligible purchases can shape consumer behavior with ripple effects across the entire food industry.
The revisions make permanent an increase to the fruit and vegetable benefit provided to WIC participants during the pandemic. State agencies will also be required to authorize one other form of fruits and vegetables other than fresh, such as frozen or canned.
“Research shows that participants purchased healthier foods, and WIC-authorized stores carried healthier products, as a result of updates implemented in 2009,” Georgia Machell, interim president and CEO of the National WIC Association, said in a statement. “We are confident that these newest updates will yield similarly positive outcomes.”
WIC enrollment increased for the first time in a decade in fiscal year 2022, and the changes are meant to allow participants to maximize their benefits. States will have two years to implement the new rules, which allow them to tailor food packages to accommodate cultural food preferences and special dietary needs.
WHO sounds alarm on viral hepatitis infections claiming 3500 lives each day
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2024 Global Hepatitis Report, the number of lives lost due to viral hepatitis is increasing. The disease is the second leading infectious cause of death globally — with 1.3 million deaths per year, the same as tuberculosis, a top infectious killer.
The report, released at the World Hepatitis Summit, highlights that despite better tools for diagnosis and treatment, and decreasing product prices, testing and treatment coverage rates have stalled. But, reaching the WHO elimination goal by 2030 should still be achievable, if swift actions are taken now.
New data from 187 countries show that the estimated number of deaths from viral hepatitis increased from 1.1 million in 2019 to 1.3 million in 2022. Of these, 83% were caused by hepatitis B, and 17% by hepatitis C. Every day, there are 3500 people dying globally due to hepatitis B and C infections.
“This report paints a troubling picture: despite progress globally in preventing hepatitis infections, deaths are rising because far too few people with hepatitis are being diagnosed and treated,” said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. “WHO is committed to supporting countries to use all the tools at their disposal – at access prices – to save lives and turn this trend around.”
Updated WHO estimates indicate that 254 million people live with hepatitis B and 50 million with hepatitis C in 2022. Half the burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infections is among people 30–54 years old, with 12% among children under 18 years of age. Men account for 58% of all cases.
New incidence estimates indicate a slight decrease compared to 2019, but the overall incidence of viral hepatitis remains high. In 2022, there were 2.2 million new infections, down from 2.5 million in 2019.
These include 1.2 million new hepatitis B infections and nearly 1 million new hepatitis C infections. More than 6000 people are getting newly infected with viral hepatitis each day.
The revised estimates are derived fro
Global progress and gaps in diagnosis and treatment
Across all regions, only 13% of people living with chronic hepatitis B infection had been diagnosed and approximately 3% (7 million) had received antiviral therapy at the end of 2022. Regarding hepatitis C, 36% had been diagnosed and 20% (12.5 million) had received curative treatment.
These results fall well below the global targets to treat 80% of people living with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C by 2030. However, they do indicate slight but consistent improvement in diagnosis and treatment coverage since the last reported estimates in 2019. Specifically, hepatitis B diagnosis increased from 10% to 13% and treatment from 2% to 3%, and hepatitis C diagnosis from 21% to 36% and treatment from 13% to 20%.
The burden of viral hepatitis varies regionally. The WHO African Region bears 63% of new hepatitis B infections, yet despite this burden, only 18% of newborns in the region receive the hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination. In the Western Pacific Region, which accounts for 47% of hepatitis B deaths, treatment coverage stands at 23% among people diagnosed, which is far too low to reduce mortality.
Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, the Russian Federation and Viet Nam, collectively shoulder nearly two-thirds of the global burden of hepatitis B and C. Achieving universal access to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in these ten countries by 2025, alongside intensified efforts in the African Region, is essential to get the global response back on track to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.
m enhanced data from national prevalence surveys. They also indicate that prevention measures such as immunization and safe injections, along with the expansion of hepatitis C treatment, have contributed to reducing the incidence.
Russia’s economy is now completely driven by the war in Ukraine – it cannot afford to lose, but nor can it afford to win
Two years after its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russia is still facing an unprecedented number of economic sanctions. It has been excluded from major global financial services, and around €260 billion (£222 billion) of its central bank assets have been frozen.
Russian airspace is closed to most western planes, and western ports are closed to Russian vessels. A formal cap has been imposed on buying or processing Russian oil sold for more than US$60 per barrel (world prices currently fluctuate between $80 and $100. And in theory, it is illegal to sell Russia anything that could be used by the military.
Sanctions have had some effects. According to the IMF, Russia’s GDP is around 7% lower than the pre-war forecast.
Despite all of this, Russia’s economy has not collapsed. But it does look very different, and is now entirely focused on a long war in Ukraine – which is actually driving economic growth.
In fact, the IMF expects Russia to experience GDP growth of 2.6% this year. That’s significantly more than the UK (0.6%) and the EU (0.9%). Similarly, Russia’s budget deficit (the amount the government needs to borrow) is on track to remain below 1% of GDP, compared to 5.1% in the UK and 2.8% in the EU.
One reason for this relative resilience is Russia’s strong, independent central bank. Since 2022, it has imposed massive interest rate hikes (currently at 16%) to control inflation (still above 7%).
Russian firms have also learned to sidestep sanctions, with the oil cap being a prime example. In theory, no Russian oil should be traded with the west above the cap, which would have a massive impact on Russia’s public finances.
Many countries have also made money playing the role of intermediaries. Turkey, China, Serbia, Bulgaria and India are among those which have reportedly circumvented sanctions, and carried on selling goods to Russia.
But perhaps the most worrying reason for the Russian economy’s resilience is the war itself.
For a long time, the economy of Russia has not been diverse, relying heavily on the export of natural resources such as oil and gas. And a major reason for the relatively high revenue of the Russian government today is precisely that the war has led to high energy prices.
A protracted stalemate might be the only solution for Russia to avoid total economic collapse. Having transformed the little industry it had to focus on the war effort, and with a labour shortage problem worsened by hundreds of thousands of war casualties and a massive brain drain, the country would struggle to find a new direction.
Thirty-five years after the fall of the Berlin wall, it has become clear that resource-rich Russia has become much poorer than its former Soviet neighbours such as Estonia, Latvia, Poland and Hungary, who pursued the route of European integration.
The Russian regime has no incentive to end the war and deal with that kind of economic reality. So it cannot afford to win the war, nor can it afford to lose it. Its economy is now entirely geared towards continuing a long and ever deadlier conflict.
International court rules Switzerland violated human rights in landmark climate case brought by 2,000 women
An international court in France on Tuesday ruled Switzerland’s failure to adequately tackle the climate crisis was in violation of human rights, in a landmark climate judgment that could have a ripple effect across the globe.
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in Strasbourg, France delivered its ruling in a casebrought by more than 2,000 Swiss women, the majority of whom are in their 70s, against Switzerland’s government. They argued that climate change-fueled heat waves undermined their health and quality of life, and put them at risk of dying.
The court ruled that the Swiss government had violated some of the women’s human rights due to “critical gaps” in its national legislation to reduce planet-heating emissions, as well as a failure to meet past climate targets.
This amounted to abreach of the women’s rights to effective protection from the “the serious adverse effects of climate change on lives, health, well-being and quality of life,” the court said in a statement.
It marks the first time the court has ruled on climate litigation. There is no right of appeal and the judgment is legally binding.
Environmental activist Greta Thunberg, who attended a demonstration, told reporters outside the court that “this is only the beginning of climate litigation.”
“All over the world more and more people are taking their government to court, holding them responsible for their actions,” Thunberg said, adding: “We are going to use every tool in the toolbox that we have.”
Tuesday’s judgment in favor of the Swiss women sets “a precedent for other international courts to follow,” Liston, from Global Legal Action Network, told CNN.
Rights groups file new case against German arms export to Israel
Protestors take part in a pro-Palestinian demonstration, amid the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestinian Islamist group Hamas, in Berlin, Germany, April 6, 2024. REUTERS/Lisi Niesner/File Photo Purchase Licensing Rights
BERLIN, April 12 (Reuters) – Human rights lawyers filed a lawsuit against a German government decision to approve the export of 3,000 anti-tank weapons to Israel, the second case of its kind this month filed over Berlin’s support of Israel in its war in Gaza.
Last week, Berlin lawyers said they had filed an urgent appeal to halt exports of war weapons to Israel, citing reasons to believe they were being used in ways that could violate international humanitarian law in the Gaza Strip.
In February, a group of German lawyers representing families in Gaza filed a criminal complaint against German officials for allegedly aiding and abetting genocide against the Palestinian people in Gaza by providing Israel with weapons.
Israel has strongly denied accusations of genocide or violations of humanitarian law in Gaza, saying it is waging war to defeat the ruling Islamist group Hamas in the small, densely populated enclave.
Over 33,000 Palestinians have been killed in Israel’s offensive, Gaza’s health ministry says, after 1,200 Israelis were killed in Hamas’ cross-border attack on Oct. 7, according to Israeli tallies.
Last year, Germany approved arms exports to Israel worth 326.5 million euros ($353.70 million), including military equipment and war weapons, a 10-fold increase compared with 2022, according to Economy Ministry data.
Joe Biden expects Iran to attack Israel ‘sooner than later’
US President Joe Biden says he expects Iran to attack Israel “sooner than later”, as fears grow of Iranian retaliation over an air strike that killed top commanders early this month.
Israel has not admitted attacking an Iranian consulate in Syria but is widely believed to have been behind it.
US officials have told CBS News, the BBC’s US partner, that a major attack on Israel could happen imminently.
Israel says it is ready to defend itself. Mr Biden told Iran : “Don’t.”
“We are devoted to the defence of Israel. We will support Israel,” Mr Biden said. “We will help defend Israel and Iran will not succeed.”
Iran backs Hamas, the Palestinian group fighting Israel in Gaza, as well as various proxy groups throughout the region, including some – such as Hezbollah in Lebanon – that frequently carry out strikes against the Israelis.
On Friday, Hezbollah said it had launched “dozens” of rockets from Lebanon towards Israel. An Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesman said around 40 missiles and two explosive drones had been launched. No casualties were reported and there were no indications of involvement from other actors.
A US official told CBS the barrage was separate from any expected Iranian attack on Israel.
BBC Security Correspondent Frank Gardner says Iran is deliberately keeping the Middle East and Washington guessing.
Ever since the lethal 1 April strike on the consulate building in Damascus, from which Israel believes Iran was directing its covert arms supplies to Iranian proxies in Lebanon and Syria, Iran’s security establishment has been debating its response.
Pragmatists in Tehran and Qom will be urging restraint, while hawks, including the ageing Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, will be demanding a firm response.
But Iran does not want a full-scale war, nor do its neighbours on the Arab side of the Gulf. Governments there have already asked Iran for restraint. The question now, our correspondent says, is whether it is the hawks or the doves who prevail.
Overall, the applied side of PROUT involves translating its principles into concrete policies and practices that promote socio-economic justice, environmental sustainability, cultural enrichment, and holistic human development.
That’s all for this week. Thanks for Reading
April 6, 2024
What the 3,500-year-old holiday of Nowruz can teach us in 2024
Nowruz is an occasion for honouring family, and people visit one another and feast together (Credit: GeckoPhotos/Getty Images)
Rather than fading from relevance, the values of this ancient festival – from taking a yearly reset to connecting with nature in a precarious time – are now more important than ever.
It’s the season of Nowruz, the annual 13-day festival that marks the start of spring, and millions of people all over the world with roots in the former Persian Empire are celebrating.
Nowruz was originally a Zoroastrianism holiday, part of the ancient monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster in approximately 500 BCE. In the time of the Persian Empire (roughly 559-331 BCE), the rulers of all of the subject countries were summoned at Nowruz to bring gifts and pay homage to the king at Persepolis, the ruins of which remain in the Iranian city of Shiraz. In this way, the kings could show the ancestors that they were prospering, something that remains an important aspect of the holiday.
Zoroastrianism remained the official state religion of the Persian Empire for centuries (Persia, anchored in modern-day Iran, once stretched from Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east to Egypt and the Balkan Peninsula in the west, and it left behind an enduring cultural legacy that includes this vibrant celebration) until the Arab conquest around 632 CE, after which it became Muslim. But Nowruz was firmly established, and even under Islamic rule it remained, evolving over time into a secular holiday celebrated by all faiths, including Christians, Jews and Muslims. Today, Iran, along with Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, India, Pakistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan and other countries once under Persian influence, observe Nowruz, as well as diaspora communities in North America, Europe and elsewhere around the world.
Despite Nowruz dating back 3,500 years, celebrants believe that rather than fading from relevance, the lessons of Nowruz – from taking a yearly reset to valuing family to connecting with nature in a precarious time – are now more important than ever.
People sprout lentils and wheat during the weeks before Nowruz, mirroring the shoots and buds emerging outside.
Nowruz, which means “new day” in Persian, starts at the moment of the spring equinox when the sun passes over the equator on its way north. This year, it kicks off on 20 March at 06:36 in Tehran and 03:06 in London, and on 19 March at 23:06 in New York.
Nowruz customs around the world have unique traits. In Afghanistan, people eat a dessert made of seven different dried fruits and nuts soaked in syrup called mewa. In Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, vessels are placed around the house and filled with water before the clock strikes the new year. And in Afghanistan, riders on horseback play the national sport buzkashi, similar to polo but using the body of a goat instead of a ball.
The first step is cleaning the home from top to bottom, a practice called khoone takoone, which translates to “shaking the house” in Persian. It’s also important to resolve outstanding grudges by making amends to the wronged party with a gift of ajeel, a mix of dried fruit and nuts. It’s customary to sprout lentils and wheat during the weeks prior, mirroring the shoots and buds emerging outside. Then, on the Wednesday before Nowruz, everyone from children to grandparents jumps over a bonfire. This is to purge any negativity from the past year.
On the final day of Nowruz, it’s customary to pack a picnic, head into the countryside and toss the lentil and wheat sprouts into moving water, signalling a break with the previous year. It’s a day to spend time appreciating the outdoors after the long winter. For Persis Karim, director of the Center for Iranian Diaspora Studies at San Francisco State University, Nowruz is a reminder of our symbiotic relationship with the natural world. “The transition of the seasons at the same time each year has been imprinted in us through this ritualised holiday,” she said.
Edinburgh (U.K.) international book festival announces ‘relaunch’ as sponsor row remains unresolved.
New director Jenny Niven calls controversy over lead sponsor Baillie Gifford’s fossil fuel links ‘the nature of the beast’, but activists are still calling for authors to boycott the event
‘Very grateful for the funding’ … Jenny Niven, director of the Edinburgh international book festival.
Before last summer’s Edinburgh international book festival (EIBF) had even begun, it was already the subject of a high-profile boycott and petition.
In July, Scottish investigative news site the Ferret calculated that the festival’s lead sponsor, investment management firm Baillie Gifford, had up to £5bn invested in companies profiting from fossil fuels. Days later, Greta Thunberg pulled out from her scheduled talk, accusing Baillie Gifford of greenwashing. Soon, more than 50 authors and event chairs including Zadie Smith, Ali Smith and Katherine Rundell had signed a letter calling on the company to stop investing in fossil fuel-linked businesses. If that demand wasn’t met, the group said that Edinburgh should find a new sponsor – and if it didn’t, authors should boycott the 2024 festival.
Organisers are now gearing up for the August festival, and new director Jenny Niven says she sees this year as something of a “relaunch”. The founder of Edinburgh’s poetry and spoken word festival Push the Boat Out has taken over from Nick Barley, who ran EIBF for 14 years. Niven’s “relaunch” will see the festival move to a new venue: the Edinburgh Futures Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh located in the restored Royal Infirmary. The controversial sponsorship arrangement remains in place, however: Baillie Gifford will still be a “major part” of the festival, the new director confirms.
At last year’s EIBF, activist and author Mikaela Loach staged a protest against Baillie Gifford’s investments, and following the festival the campaign group Fossil Free Books (FFB) was formed. In October last year more than 150 authors and book industry professionals signed a statement by FFB calling on Baillie Gifford to divest from fossil fuels.
Organisers are now gearing up for the August festival, and new director Jenny Niven says she sees this year as something of a “relaunch”. The founder of Edinburgh’s poetry and spoken word festival Push the Boat Out has taken over from Nick Barley, who ran EIBF for 14 years.
The controversial sponsorship arrangement remains in place, however: Baillie Gifford will still be a “major part” of the festival, the new director confirms.
Crisis-stricken Argentina must dollarize and get rid of the central bank, veteran economist says
Argentina is in the grip of a profound economic crisis, and one veteran economist believes part of the solution is for President Javier Milei to deliver on his campaign promise to dollarize the economy and abolish the central bank.
Latin America’s third-largest economy is currently struggling to cope with the world’s fastest rising prices, which is hammering the purchasing power of Argentinians.
Data published Tuesday by the country’s statistical office showed that Argentina’s 12-month inflation rate through February rose to 276.2%, reaffirming Argentina’s position as having the world’s worst inflation.
Argentina’s government on Monday launched a massive peso debt swap in a bid to help stabilize the crisis-stricken economy and potentially pave the way for Milei to lift currency controls.
Steve Hanke, professor of applied economics at Johns Hopkins University, described the move as a “kick the can down the road type of operation.”
“They don’t need to buy any time, if they dollarized the economy and got rid of the central bank – something that Milei promised during his campaign, the thing would be fixed. And it is feasible to do that, and I think it is totally desirable,” Hanke told CNBC’s “Squawk Box Asia” on Thursday.
Hanke said that in 1999 he had drafted a law at the request of former President Carlos Menem that would have dollarized Argentina’s economy. The economist has previously said he’d been in close contact with Milei’s technical team and described himself as an “informal advisor” on issues such as dollarization.
Sudan: Aid lifeline reaches Darfur region in bid to avert ‘hunger catastrophe’
Two aid convoys carrying lifesaving supplies have reached Sudan’s Darfurs for the first time in months, the UN World Food Programme (WFP) said on Friday, as humanitarians try to avert a “hunger catastrophe”, after nearly a year of heavy fighting.
“The UN WFP has managed to bring desperately needed food and nutrition supplies into Darfur; the first WFP assistance to reach the war-wracked region in months,” said Leni Kinzli, WFP Communications Officer in Sudan.
The convoys crossed into Sudan from Chad in late March carrying enough food and nutrition supplies for 250,000 people facing acute hunger in North, West and Central Darfur.
Constant flow needed
Despite this welcome development, the UN agency spokesperson warned that unless the people of Sudan receive a constant flow of aid “via all possible humanitarian corridors from neighbouring countries and across battle lines”, the country’s hunger catastrophe will only worsen.
Last month, WFP Executive Director Cindy McCain warned that the war in Sudan risks triggering the world’s worst hunger crisis unless families in Sudan and those who have fled to South Sudan and Chad receive desperately needed food assistance.
This requires unfettered access, faster clearances, and funds to deliver humanitarian response that meets the huge needs of civilians impacted by the devastating war.
Humanitarian stakes
Securing safe and constant aid access to the Darfurs “has been extremely challenging”, WFP’s Ms. Kinzli explained, adding that the situation has been complicated further by the decision of the head of the Sudanese armed forces based in Port Sudan to refuse permission to humanitarians seeking to reach the Darfurs from Chad.
More than 600 people still stranded in Taiwan, three days after earthquake that killed at least 12
More than 600 people, including about 450 at a hotel in the Taroko park, remained stranded in various locations cut off by rockslides and other damage
Rescuers were planning to bring in heavy equipment on April 6 to try to recover two bodies buried under boulders on a hiking trail, three days after Taiwan’s strongest earthquake in 25 years.
At least 12 people were killed and more than 1,100 injured by the magnitude 7.2 quake that struck the island on Wednesday, with strict building codes and widespread disaster readiness credited with averting an even bigger catastrophe.
Schools close and crops wither as ‘historic’ heatwave hits south-east Asia
Governments across region grappling for response as temperatures soar to unseasonable highs
Thousands of schools in the Philippines have stopped in-person classes due to unbearable heat. In Indonesia, prolonged dry weather has caused rice prices to soar. In Thailand’s waters, temperatures are so high that scientists fear coral could be destroyed.
A “historic heatwave” is being experienced across south-east Asia, according to Maximiliano Herrera, a climatologist and weather historian. In updates posted on X, he said heat that was unprecedented for early April had been recorded at monitoring stations across the region this week, including in Minbu, in central Myanmar, where 44C was recorded – the first time in south-east Asia’s climatic history that such high temperatures had been reached so early in the month. In Hat Yai, in Thailand’s far south, 40.2 C was reached, an all-time record, while Yên Châuin north-west Vietnam hit 40.6C, unprecedented for this time of year.
The latest intense weather follows warnings last month by the World Meteorological Organization that the region had also been “gripped by severe heat conditions” in February when temperatures frequently soared into the high-30s – well above the seasonal average. It attributed the scorching weather to human-induced climate change, as well as the El Niño event, which brings hotter, drier conditions to the region.
“The level of heat the globe has experienced over the last 12 months, both on the land and in the ocean has surprised science,” said Prof Benjamin Horton, the director of the Earth Observatory of Singapore. “We always knew we were going to be headed in this direction with our increasing greenhouse gases, but the fact that we’re shattering all these records in 2023, and 2024, is perhaps slightly ahead of time.”
Why these scientists fly all over the world to study the sun’s corona during total solar eclipses
For scientists focused on unlocking the secrets of the sun, it’s not a newfangled invention but a cyclical celestial event — and an appetite for world travel — that offers them an unmatched opportunity to observe our nearest star.
Though, the high-tech equipment helps, too.
During total solar eclipses, which are visible from a different location on Earth roughly every one to two years, the moon briefly obscures the sun’s disk (i.e. the big, round circle) and reveals its corona, or outer atmosphere that radiates beyond it like a halo.
“Total solar eclipses let us study and see the corona in ways that just would not be possible at any other time and in any other way,” said Amir Caspi, a solar astrophysicist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado.
On April 8, the moon’s shadow will fall across North America in a path of totality that starts in Mexico and ends in eastern Canada.
A scorching solar mystery
Today, researchers are investigating the mystery of the corona’s temperature, which is mind-blowingly hotter than the solar surface.
“It’s a conundrum from the point of [view of] physics,” Habbal said. “Usually, when a surface is hot, as you go away from the surface, then the temperature drops.”
The sun’s surface clocks in at about 6,000 degrees Celsius, compared to 1 to 2 million degrees in its atmosphere above. The cause of this disparity isn’t yet clear. But today’s researchers, far removed from the technological limitations of antiquity, can glean new insights by training modern observational tools on the sun during eclipses. These tools work by taking in specific types of light, which reveal all sorts of information about the celestial objects they came from.
Temperature isn’t uniformly distributed across the corona, a dynamic region that contains multiple different structures, Habbal said. Some of that material forms 2-million-degree loops that make their way back around toward the solar surface. Solar wind, on the other hand, is closer to 1 million degrees, and it hurtles into interplanetary space as it leaves the atmosphere.
During a total solar eclipse in 2017, Caspi and his colleagues collected images of the corona in the midwave infrared range using a special camera aboard one of NASA’s high-altitude jets. That imager documented wildly different temperature ranges, including some coronal structures that measured tens of thousands of degrees yet somehow glowed at about the same brightness in the midwave infrared as other structures that were millions of degrees, Caspi said. For this year’s experiment, his team plans to make new observations to help explain the physics behind this phenomenon.
Harnessing the eclipse to study the corona
Caspi and Habbal are each spearheading different solar eclipse research projects that will use a combination of ground-based observations, as well as the instruments aboard the two NASA jets.
Those jets will reach 50,000 feet — above 90 percent of the atmosphere — during the eclipse, Caspi said. That’s important, he noted, because our atmosphere absorbs or blocks various types of light while also emitting its own glow. At their ultra-high altitude, the jets will have a much clearer view of the eclipse.
Plastic-free vegan leather that dyes itself grown from bacteria
Researchers at Imperial College London have genetically engineered bacteria to grow animal- and plastic-free leather that dyes itself.
In recent years, scientists and companies have started using microbes to grow sustainable textiles or to make dyes for industry — but this is the first time bacteria have been engineered to produce a material and its own pigment simultaneously.
Synthetic chemical dyeing is one of the most environmentally toxic processes in fashion, and black dyes — especially those used in colouring leather — are particularly harmful. The researchers at Imperial set out to use biology to solve this.
In tackling the problem, the researchers say their self-dyeing vegan, plastic-free leather, which has been fashioned into shoe and wallet prototypes, represents a step forward in the quest for more sustainable fashion.
Their new process, which has been published in the journal Nature Biotechnology, could also theoretically be adapted to have bacteria grow materials with various vibrant colours and patterns, and to make more sustainable alternatives to other textiles such as cotton and cashmere.
Lead author Professor Tom Ellis, from Imperial College London’s Department of Bioengineering, said: “Inventing a new, faster way to produce sustainable, self-dyed leather alternatives is a major achievement for synthetic biology and sustainable fashion.
“Bacterial cellulose is inherently vegan, and its growth requires a tiny fraction of the carbon emissions, water, land use and time of farming cows for leather.
“Unlike plastic-based leather alternatives, bacterial cellulose can also be made without petrochemicals, and will biodegrade safely and non-toxically in the environment.”
Germany’s refusal to send ‘Taurus’ missiles to Ukraine is highly contentious — but won’t break the government
Debate around military aid to Ukraine is deepening the cracks in Germany’s administration — but despite “extremely unusual” public rifts, Chancellor Olaf Scholz is expected to prevail.
The question at the heart of a months-long dispute is whether Germany will send Ukraine long-range Taurus missiles, which can independently locate and destroy a target after being released by a carrier.
Scholz has firmly rejected Kyiv’s request for these missiles — but he looks increasingly isolated in this position.
One key concern is that Ukraine may need on-the-ground help from German soldiers to work the Taurus missiles — a red line for Scholz.
According to leaked discussions by senior army chiefs reported by German media, there are very few copies of the complex data needed to program Taurus missiles. It means that Germany itself would likely lose access to the material if it handed those over to Ukraine, making it a potentially risky move.
Scholz has also said that Taurus weapons are sufficiently far-reaching that they could hit Russia, which the Kremlin could view as Germany becoming involved in the war. The country’s armed forces, the Bundeswehr, could not handle holding a defensive line against Russia, Scholz argues.
Resistance
Not everyone agrees.
The opposition Christian Democrats, or CDU for short, has played down the risk that Russia might view it as Germany entering the war, while the Free Democrats (FDP) and Greens — coalition partners to Scholz’s Social Democrats, or SPD — say the risks are manageable and worthwhile to avoid Russia winning the conflict.
Since last November, the CDU has repeatedly tabled votes on sending Taurus missiles to Ukraine in Germany’s parliament and failed. Even so, the debate has highlighted tensions within the ruling coalition.
“There’s clearly a rift between large parts of the Greens and the Free Democrats in favor of delivering Taurus to Ukraine and Chancellor Scholz and large parts of his Social Democrats vehemently blocking this decision,” Frank Sauer, senior research fellow at the University of the Bundeswehr Munich and head of research at the Metis Institute for Strategy and Foresight, told CNBC.
It comes as several members of parliament for the FDP voted in favor of a CDU motion following the latest parliamentary debate on Thursday.
Annalena Baerbock, Green party foreign secretary, meanwhile, discussed Taurus missiles with U.K. foreign minister David Cameron. She later said she would consider a so-called “Ringtausch,” whereby Germany sends Taurus missiles to the U.K. which in turn delivers some of its own long-range Storm Shadow missiles to Ukraine.
Separately, a high-profile Green party MP joined forces with a prominent CDU politician to pen an op-ed advocating for the delivery of Taurus missiles.
Coalition chaos
“This level of open disagreement inside a governing coalition is extremely unusual for German politics. The coalition is in disunity because of Scholz’ refusal to deliver Taurus,” Ulrike Franke, senior policy fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations, told CNBC.
US on high alert as Iran-Israel shadow war spurs chance of wider Middle east conflict
The United States is on ‘high alert’ amid an escalating Iran-Israel shadow war and the looming threat of a wider Middle East conflict. Tehran is currently preparing a ‘response’ after a suspected Israeli strike killed an Iranian military commander and several advisors this week. Meanwhile the Hezbollah — its main proxy in the Middle East — warned the Jewish state that it is prepared for war. Iran has asked the US to “step aside” if it wanted to avoid “getting hit”.
“In a written message, the Islamic Republic of Iran warns US leadership not to get dragged in Netanyahu’s trap for US: Stay away so you won’t get hurt. In response US asked Iran not to target American facilities,” tweeted Mohammad Jamshidi — the Iranian president’s deputy chief of staff for political affairs.
Meanwhile, US officials indicate that the country is in a “high state of vigilance” following reports of an attack next week. President Joe Biden discussed the matter during a telephonic exchange with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on Thursday. According to a Reuters report quoting a senior Biden administration official, teams from both countries have remained in “continuous contact”. Washington has also reiterated its ‘full support’ for Israeli defense against threats from Iran.
Overall, the applied side of PROUT involves translating its principles into concrete policies and practices that promote socio-economic justice, environmental sustainability, cultural enrichment, and holistic human development.
March 30, 2024
200,000 French students to benefit from the rollout of MIA, an AI-powered revision app
MIA, an AI-powered app to revise literature and mathematics, will be rolled out to the French lycée students in later this year.
Students in French lycées will be able to use a new educational tool powered by artificial intelligence (AI) to help revise literature and mathematics.
The app – called “Modules interactifs adaptatifs,” or MIA – was created by EvidenceB, a French EdTech start-up.
Making access widely available to 15-year-olds was one of the last decisions taken by former French education minister, Gabriel Attal before he became the country’s new prime minister in January.
The decision was made following the publication of alarming results regarding the educational level of French students.
The education ministry announced in a statement that it “will be made available for free to 200,000 Year 11 students over the next few months, before being rolled out to all next September”.
The app’s algorithm uses AI to give the student the best exercises to make progress.
“The application includes a dashboard for the teacher to monitor the progress of each student. This gives a very convenient overview,” Cécile Cathelin, a teacher who collaborated with EvidenceB for MIA’s resources, told Euronews Next.
According to her, the solution could help teachers save time. “Artificial intelligence will immediately see the strengths and weaknesses of students,” she added.
‘Not a miracle solution’
“It’s not a magic tool, it’s not going to change everything, it’s going to be a new tool with which we’ll be able to work,” Cathelin said.
Indoor Farming Businesses Meet Growing Demand for Local Produce
Commercial indoor farms have been riding a wave of technological innovation and financial investment, as these companies seek to satisfy consumer demand for locally grown produce while at the same time reshaping the nation’s food-supply system.
Many indoor farms focus on using sustainable farming practices to grow leafy vegetables, tomatoes, herbs and berries, supplying their crops to local supermarkets and restaurants that promote their local provenance. The growers say that not only are their products more sustainable than traditionally grown crops that often travel across the country after they are harvested, but they are also less exposed to weather fluctuations and other supply chain disruptions, such as those that occurred around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Another benefit is that indoor farms are not exposed to livestock runoff, which has been a source of E. coli outbreaks in leafy greens.
Operators of indoor farms also maintain that they produce crops that are also more consistent in quality and flavor than those that are grown using traditional agricultural methods.
“We are excited to build and scale a better future for farmers and consumers by ensuring a safe, secure and sustainable food supply, regardless of calendar or climate,” said Steve Bradley, president of Cox Farms. “This is a significant milestone for us, as we are disrupting traditional agriculture and bringing the promise of indoor agriculture to fruition at a scale never seen before.”
Hydroelectricity is a hidden source of methane emissions. These people want to solve that
Commercialisation of the Bluemethane technology is being put to the test at United Utilities, a water company in the north-west of the UK: “Wastewater companies are already using anaerobic digestion, they take solid waste and churn it around without oxygen to create methane biogas, and at the end the liquid still has quite a lot of dissolved methane in it,” she says. “They already have biogas generators and use energy for power, so we’re not changing anything dramatic.”
Dams and reservoirs around the world are an underappreciated source of methane. Now start-ups want to capture that gas as a source of power.
It takes just one second for four Olympic-sized swimming pools-worth of water to charge through the turbines at the Tucuruí dam in northern Brazil. The rush of water here at one of the largest hydroelectric reservoirs in the Amazon region is deafening, but it’s what makes the dam the fifth largest power plant in the world.
As the water churns through a series of 25 turbines and spillways of the dam, however, something else is happening – it’s emitting greenhouse gases.
Often regarded as one of the oldest forms of renewable energy, hydroelectric dams and their reservoirs are responsible for the release of almost one billion tonnes of methane into the atmosphere as water approaches and then tumbles its way through the turbines that generate electricity. Methane is a greenhouse gas that’s more than 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide over a 20-year lifespan, but it also breaks down faster in the atmosphere than CO2.
Out of the 51 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases emitted by people every year, three billion tonnes of those are from methane which escapes from water. When water is disturbed, methane comes out of the solution and turns into bubbles of gas. And one of the single biggest sources of this degassing methane is something of a surprise – hydroelectric dams like Tucuruí, brazil.
But there are now hopes it may be possible to catch this methane before it escapes into the atmosphere, and put it to use as a source of power.
While reducing fossil fuel use is part of the solution (40% of methane emissions come from the energy sector (i.e. oil and gas), methane comes from many other sources too, including livestock: 32% comes from burping and farting ruminants like cows. (Read more on the hunt for the hidden sources of methane.)
Less well known still is the significant contribution of water bodies to these emissions. Methane is also produced in sediments of freshwater when carbon-rich organic matter is decomposed by microbes in the absence of oxygen – that includes naturally occurring tropical swamps, peat bogs and waterlogged soils. With all these natural sources, their status as a source or sink of greenhouse gases such as methane can be a tightrope depending on land-use practices and climate change.
Then there are the manmade water sources of methane, including wastewater treatment plants and rice cultivations. In all these sources, bacteria are responsible for breaking down organic matter and releasing methane.
And then, of course, there’s dams and their reservoirs. Reservoirs contribute 22 million tonnes of methane per year – a little less than two-thirds of the methane produced by rice production or wastewater treatment (35 million tonnes each). The methane comes from decomposing organic matter at the bottom of the water body. In reservoirs as in sewage plants, when that water is churned up, it escapes.
Potential power source
Inside a 20-foot-long (6m) rust-red container at Cranfield University, water tumbles down through a series of pipes and containers under gravity. Here, Louise Parlons Bentata, chief executive and co-founder of Bluemethane, is developing tech that captures methane from bodies of water such as reservoirs and sewage treatment plants. Methane is the primary component of fossil natural gas, and it can be burned as an energy resource.
Contraceptive content shared on social media largely not from health experts, study finds
Brigham researchers (Boston), looked at tweets from 2014 to 2019 about contraceptive methods and found that only a small fraction were authored by health professionals.
Patients are quick to turn to social media for guidance on contraception methods, side effects and education, but what kind of content is being shared and who is sharing it? A new study conducted by researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system, looked at thousands of tweets about reversible contraceptive methods published from 2014 to 2019. Tweets were frequently posted by contraceptive consumers (about 50 percent), with a much smaller proportion (6 percent) posted by an official news or healthcare source. The findings point to opportunities for healthcare professionals to use social media to disseminate accurate contraceptive information. Results
are published in Contraception and Reproductive Medicine.
“Platforms like Twitter, now known as X, empower patients to access health information and make decisions about contraception that align with their values,” said Deborah Bartz, MD, MPH, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and an attending physician in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at BWH. “We see that individuals are making decisions about contraception based on anecdotal experience and advice from friends, family, and social media users. So how can we, as physicians, use social media to lead to better health encounters and ultimately better health outcomes?”
2024 Total Solar Eclipse: 10 interesting facts about the natural phenomenon
The 2024 Total Solar Eclipse will cross North America on April 8.
As North America prepares for its second total solar eclipse in seven years, on April 8, the Moon will cast a shadow over a portion of the Earth that will be shrouded in darkness. Mexico mainland will first witness the astronomical spectacle, which will wrap up the show in Canada. With the Moon moving between the Earth and the Sun, it’ll wrap the solar light and bar us from its direct view. The once-in-a-blue-moon alignment makes the two bodies appear similarly sized in the sky. The complete eclipse begins with its partial counterpart until the Moon fully shields the Sun. According to NASA, this phenomenon lasts for about 70 to 80 minutes. Totality occurs when the Moon blocks the Sun entirely.
Solar eclipse as an omen
According to ancient Greece’s lore, solar eclipses were perceived as ill omens because they were seen as a symbol of gods’ anger. Hence, the word’s Greek origins – ‘ekleipsis’ – which refers to “being abandoned.”
Total solar eclipses are seen only on Earth
Earth is the only planet in our solar system that witnesses a perfect total solar eclipse due to the relative size and distance ratio of the Sun and the Moon from the planet. No other planet’s Moon is of a similar size to facilitate the phenomenon.
No Total Solar Eclipses in about 600M years
Richard Vondrak, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre lunar scientist, had previously described a total eclipse as “a dance with three partners: the moon, the sun and Earth.” He also affirmed, “About 600 million years from now, Earth will experience the beauty and drama of a total solar eclipse for the last time.” Total solar eclipses occur because of the Moon and the Sun’s relative size and distance. While the Sun is about 400 times wider than the Moon, the latter is about 400 times closer to the Earth – both bodies appear to have the same size in Earth’s sky. However, a NASA statement addressed the growing distance – about 1.5 inches per year – between the Moon and Earth, affecting the resulting total solar eclipse due to the diminished size of the Moon in the sky. Therefore, “over time, the number and frequency of total solar eclipses will decrease.”
The 2024 totality will be the longest one since 2010
Nazas in Mexico will experience the greatest eclipse duration on April 8, with 4 minutes and 28 seconds of totality. This will exceed the 4 minutes and 40 seconds of totality witnessed by Rapa Nui in July 2010. The 2027 total solar eclipse is estimated to last 6 minutes and 23 seconds in Egypt.
Saros cycle: The same overlapping pattern will recur in 2042
Every 18 years, 11 days and eight hours, the same alignment between the Sun, Moon and Earth results in a similar solar eclipse. The April 8, 2024, alignment will similarly repeat its pattern on April 20, 2042.
First total solar eclipse in the continent US in 7 years
North America’s last total solar eclipse happened on August 21, 2017. Seven years ago, it traversed from Oregon to South Carolina. The next one will be witnessed 20 years later, on August 23, 2044.
A solar eclipse occurs only during one lunar phase – the New Moon. However, not every New Moon brings about a solar eclipse.
The Sun’s corona, i.e. the outermost part of its atmosphere, can be viewed only during a total solar eclipse. Since the corona is shrouded in the Sun’s bright light, it’s impossible to see it with the naked eye. During a total solar eclipse, the Moon shields the Sun’s ferocious brightness, allowing the corona’s white light to be seen as the Moon appears like a black disk over the Sun.
Solar eclipse results in two parts of the Moon’s shadow: the umbra (darker inner shadow) and penumbra (fainter outer shadow). The Sun’s light is entirely blocked in the umbra, so the observers must be within this phase of the shadow to observe a total solar eclipse. Those in the penumbra see a partial eclipse; outside the Moon’s shadow, there will be no eclipse.
In contrast to the total solar eclipse, an annular solar eclipse doesn’t fully cover the Sun’s disk. When this happens, the Sun’s outer edge is visible as an “annulus” or bright ring, also referred to as the “Ring of Fire” effect. Since the Moon’s orbit is elliptical and not a perfect circle, its distance from the Earth varies according to its location. Apogee is observed as the farthest point from Earth in the orbit, where the Moon appears smaller. During the annular solar eclipse, the Moon covers the Sun while it’s at or near the apogee.
World’s five richest men double their money as poorest get poorer
Oxfam predicts first trillionaire within a decade, with gap between rich and poor likely to increase.
The world’s five richest men have more than doubled their fortunes to $869bn (£681.5bn) since 2020, while the world’s poorest 60% – almost 5 billion people – have lost money.
The details come in a report by Oxfam as the world’s richest people gather from Monday in Davos, Switzerland, for the annual World Economic Forum meeting of political leaders, corporate executives and the super-rich.
The yawning gap between rich and poor is likely to increase, the report says, and will lead to the world crowning its first trillionaire within a decade. At the same time, it warns, if current trends continue, world poverty will not be eradicated for another 229 years.
Highlighting a dramatic increase in inequality since the Covid pandemic, Oxfam said the world’s billionaires were $3.3tn (£2.6tn) richer than in 2020, and their wealth had grown three times faster than the rate of inflation.
The report, Inequality Inc., finds that seven out of 10 of the world’s biggest corporations have a billionaire as CEO or principal shareholder, despite stagnation in living standards for millions of workers around the world.
Compiled using data from the research company Wealth X and Forbes, it says the combined wealth of the top five richest people in the world – Elon Musk, Bernard Arnault, Jeff Bezos, Larry Ellison and Mark Zuckerberg – have increased by $464bn, or 114%. Over the same period, the total wealth of the poorest 4.77 billion people – making up 60% of the world population – has declined by 0.2% in real terms.
World reacts to UNSC resolution demanding Gaza ceasefire
Many officials around the world have welcomed the resolution.
Many world leaders have welcomed a United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolution that demands an immediate ceasefire between Israel and the Palestinian group Hamas in Gaza.
While the United States abstained from the vote on Monday, the remaining 14 council members voted for the resolution.
The resolution, which the US said it did not agree with in its entirety, calls for an “immediate ceasefire” for the duration of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, which ends in two weeks. It calls for the ceasefire to lead to a “lasting” truce, for the release of all hostages held by Hamas in Gaza, and for respect for international law from each party when it comes to detainments.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu
Shortly after the resolution passed, Netanyahu cancelled the visit of an Israeli delegation to Washington, DC, which the US had requested to discuss concerns over a proposed Israeli invasion of Rafah, a city in crowded southern Gaza.
The US abstention was “a clear retreat from the consistent position of the US”, and would hurt Israel’s war efforts and bid to release the hostages still held by Hamas, the prime minister’s office said.
US signs on more bombs and warplanes for Israel amid war: Report
The new arms packages reportedly includes more than 1,800 MK84 2,000-pound bombs and 500 MK82 500-pound bombs.
The United States in recent days authorized the transfer of billions of dollars worth of bombs and fighter jets to Israel even as it publicly expresses concerns about an anticipated military offensive in Rafah, the Washington Post reported on Friday.
The new arms packages include more than 1,800 MK84 2,000-pound bombs and 500 MK82 500-pound bombs, the newspaper said, citing Pentagon and State Department officials familiar with the matter.
Washington gives $3.8 billion in annual military assistance to Israel, its longtime ally. The United States has been rushing air defenses and munitions to Israel, but some Democrats and Arab American groups have criticized the Biden administration’s steadfast support of Israel, which they say provides it with a sense of impunity.
White House to provide $300 million weapons package for Ukraine
The White House will provide $300 million in additional weapons to Ukraine, officials announced Tuesday, as more funding remains held up in Congress by Republican leaders.
The package will be made available through presidential drawdown authority, or PDA, which pulls weapons from existing U.S. stockpiles. The military equipment headed to Ukraine includes anti-aircraft missiles, ammunition, artillery rounds and anti-armor systems, the officials said.
The announcement comes as the Ukrainian military is facing dire weapons shortages in its two-year war with Russia.
“When Russian troops advance and its guns fire, Ukraine does not have enough ammunition to fire back,” national security adviser Jake Sullivan said in announcing the new aid package.
At the same time, the U.S. has “basically exhausted our funding to assist Ukraine,” a senior defense official said.
Defense officials said they were able to come up with the funding through savings in long-term contracts with weapons makers, but they described it as a one-time arrangement.
The military has been forced to come up with creative ways to pay for weapons packages for Ukraine because of the impasse in Congress. House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., has refused to bring a bill to the floor that would provide $60 billion in additional aid for Ukraine.
Japan Broadens Ban on Restraints of Jailed Women in Labor
Government Should Further Expand Prohibition on Restraining Pregnant People
The new directive, issued on March 18, now includes an effective ban on handcuffing pregnant women during “transportation to outside medical institutions” and “upon arrival at the medical institution and until entering the delivery room” as “situations during which use of restraints are inappropriate.”
Restraining imprisoned people during labor and childbirth contravenes international standards. The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules) state that “[i]nstruments of restraint shall never be used on women during labour, during childbirth and immediately after childbirth.” In addition, expert commentary on the Bangkok Rules says that using “body restraints, such as shackles … on pregnant women during transfers to hospitals, gynecological examinations, and birth … violates international standards.”
During the Diet session, opposition lawmaker Mizuho Fukushima pressed the government to clarify its prohibition on restraints. “We understand that the Mandela Rules and the Bangkok Rules state restraints should not be used on women when they’re in labor, and our new directive takes them into account,” a justice ministry official responded.
The Japanese government should further expand the ban by forbidding the use of restraints on pregnant prisoners during health checkups, including gynecological examinations, and immediately after giving birth. Authorities should ensure imprisoned people are adequately informed about their legal right to seek permission to keep their child with them in prison, subject to approval by the prison warden, and encourage prison wardens to consider such requests expeditiously and sympathetically.
The government should also encourage prosecutors to use Japan’s Code of Criminal Procedures and suspend sentences for imprisoned people who are 150 or more days pregnant, among other grounds.
Bird flu identified in US livestock for first time
The case, detected in a goat at a Minnesota farm, highlights “the possibility of the virus infecting other animals on farms with multiple species.”
While avian influenza has been detected in mammals, it typically spreads to animals that eat infected birds or poultry. The identification of the virus in a goat is the first time bird flu has been found in a U.S. domestic ruminant, which also includes cattle, sheep and their relatives.
There is limited experimental data on HPAI infection in ruminants, and there are no prior reports of natural infection in goats. While there seems to be a lower risk of the virus infecting entire herds of cattle or goats at this time, the finding could push farms with multiple types of animals to take enhanced biosecurity measures.
“Thankfully, research to-date has shown mammals appear to be dead-end hosts, which means they’re unlikely to spread HPAI further,” Hoefs said.
The case was identified after the owner notified state officials of the unusual deaths of newly kidded goats on the property where avian influenza was previously identified in a poultry flock. One of the goat carcasses tested positive for H5N1 HPAI, the same virus that has devastated wild and commercial bird populations since the outbreak began in 2022.
Animals with weakened or immature immune systems are more susceptible to contracting the disease. Samples from the adult goats were negative for bird flu, and no more sick goat kids were reported since March 11.
Since the start of the outbreak, over 82 million birds have died or been killed to prevent further spread. More than 470 farms have been impacted, and the spread has also led to an increase in consumer egg prices, with costs rising 8.4% for shoppers from January to February 2024.
WHO launches new toolkit empowering health professionals to tackle climate change
World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with partners has developed a new toolkit designed to equip health and care workers with the knowledge and confidence to effectively communicate about climate change and health.
The toolkit provides comprehensive resources to help health and care workers understand the health impacts of climate change and the co-benefits of climate action, build confidence in communication, and engage with various stakeholders effectively. By empowering health and care workers to communicate about climate change and health, it aims to drive collective action towards mitigating climate change, building resilience and safeguarding public health.
The communications toolkit was developed by WHO in collaboration with the Global Climate and Health Alliance, George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication, Medical Society Consortium on Climate and Health, Climate and Health Alliance Australia and the Canadian Medical Association. Health Canada’s funding has been instrumental in developing this toolkit.
Heatwaves, exacerbated by climate change, have been linked to adverse health effects, including heart attacks, kidney disease and mental health disorders. Changing weather patterns threaten food security by reducing crop yields, while air pollution alone leads to over 7 million premature deaths annually, mainly through cardio-respiratory illnesses. Furthermore, climate-induced water scarcity and contamination fuel competition for resources, forced migration and conflict.
The repercussions of climate change extend beyond physical health, impacting mental well-being through trauma, loss of livelihoods and anxiety about the future. Furthermore, health systems, already strained after a pandemic, an energy crisis and a cost-of-living crisis, face additional burdens from extreme weather events and supply chain disruptions.
Demand for study abroad in Australia, Canada, UK already affected by new international education policies
New, restrictive policies concerning international students in the UK, Canada, and Australia are already having a significant impact on prospective student demand for study in those countries.
IDP’s recent study, “The Voice of the International Student,” conducted in January 2024 across 67 countries with a total sample of 2,500 students, indicates that many students are reconsidering their plans to study in those countries, and that the US appears to be picking up share of interest.
Similarly, Studyportals research published this month found that prospective student demand for Canada, in particular, is dipping dramatically, while interest in the US increased significantly in 2023. Italy has also grown much more popular. Interest in the Netherlands picked up again leading into 2024, but may soon decline due to Dutch universities’ stated intention to reduce international student numbers and English-taught programmes.
New policies in Canada, Australia and UK are making it harder for international students to get visas and to bring their families with them.
This is causing many students to consider studying in the US instead.
The US is seen as a more welcoming destination with wider range of post-study work opportunities.The landscape of international education is constantly evolving, with new policies and regulations emerging that can significantly impact student mobility. Recent changes in Canada, Australia, and the UK have sparked concerns about their potential to dampen the appeal of these traditionally popular study destinations.
Several policy changes have been implemented in these countries, each with its own set of implications for international students:
Canada: The introduction of stricter visa requirements, including enhanced financial resources demonstration and limitations on postgraduate work permits, has created uncertainty and deterred some prospective students.
Australia: The tightening of post-study work visa options, particularly for specific fields of study, has made it less attractive for students seeking work experience after graduation.
UK: The post-study work visa reforms, coupled with a more selective visa application process, have instilled anxieties among international students regarding their long-term prospects in the UK.
First Arab woman to graduate from NASA astronaut programme
Nora AlMatrooshi, one of two Emiratis chosen from thousands of applicants, has become the first Arab woman to graduate from Nasa’s training programme. Like her ancestors before her, AlMatrooshi has spent much of her life gazing up at the stars and now her dream of flying to the moon will soon become a reality.
AlMatrooshi, a mechanical engineer by training who has worked in the oil industry, was one of two astronaut candidates chosen by the United Arab Emirates Space Agency (UAESA) in 2021 to enroll in a training program with US space agency NASA.
Now, after two years of hard work — including practice spacewalks — AlMatrooshi, her fellow Emirati Mohammad AlMulla and 10 others in their training class are fully qualified astronauts.
The group, known as “The Flies,” are now eligible for NASA missions to the International Space Station (ISS), Artemis launches to the Moon and, if all goes well, to even fly to Mars.
Over 3 billion people now live with a neurological condition:
New research shows that over 3.4 billion people throughout the world have a neurological condition.
These conditions include neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, and movement disorders such as Parkinson’s.
A concerning aspect of the findings is that disability and deaths related to these conditions increased by 18% since 1990.
The researchers hope that the findings will increase awareness of neurological conditions and encourage public health officials across the world to invest in brain health and expanding healthcare.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently contributed to a new study that took a look at how neurological conditions affect people across the globe.
After analyzing data available from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study (GBD) 2021, the researchers learned that around 3.4 billion people have a neurological condition. Additionally, neurological conditions are now the leading cause of disability.
The rise in neurological conditions is associated with an increase in premature deaths. The majority of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries where neurological healthcare is limited.
The researchers for the present study focused on health loss that affects the nervous system including both neurological conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders. Some of these conditions include:
According to the study findings, neurological conditions are the leading cause of disability worldwide. They estimated these conditions affected more than 3.4 billion people, which is 43.1% of the global population.
Russia, China veto US-led UN resolution on Gaza ceasefire
The United Nations Security Council on Friday turned down a resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and an Israel-Hamas hostage deal after Russia and China vetoed the measure proposed by the United States.
The resolution, on which Algeria also voted no and Guyana abstained, called for an immediate and sustained ceasefire lasting roughly six weeks that would protect civilians and allow for the delivery of humanitarian assistance.
Eleven of the 15 council members voted for the resolution, but the Russia and China vetoes stopped its passage.
The council will meet at 10 a.m. EDT (1400 GMT) on Monday to vote on an alternative resolution drafted by elected members of the Security Council, a diplomat said. The vote was planned for Saturday but was postponed because discussions were ongoing, the diplomat added.
That resolution, a draft copy of which was seen by Reuters, demands an immediate ceasefire for the current Muslim holy month of Ramadan, the release of all hostages and an expanded flow of humanitarian assistance to Gaza.
The Gambia (west Africa) votes to reverse landmark ban on female genital mutilation
Rights groups say proposed rollback of 2015 law will overturn women’s rights across the region as a whole.
The Gambia has taken steps towards lifting a ban on female circumcision, a move that could make it the first country in the world to reverse legal protections against the practice for millions of women and girls.
Politicians in the West African nation’s parliament voted 42 to four on Monday to advance the controversial bill, which would repeal a landmark 2015 ban on female genital mutilation (FGM) that made the practice punishable by up to three years in prison.
Jaha Marie Dukureh, of Safe Hands for Girls, an NGO seeking to end FGM, told Al Jazeera that the practice was “child abuse”. She, herself, underwent the practice and watched her sister bleed to death following the procedure.
“The people who applaud FGM in this country, a lot of them are men. These are men who don’t have the same lived experiences that we do, and women who have been through this practice continue to tell them every single day what their suffering is, what their pain is,” she said.
Seventy-six percent of Gambian females aged between 15 and 49 have undergone FGM, according to a 2021 report by UNICEF.
It can lead to serious health problems, including infections, bleeding, infertility and complications in childbirth, and impairs sexual pleasure.
The number of women and girls who have undergone FGM worldwide has increased to 230 million from 200 million eight years ago, UNICEF reported this month.
It said the largest share of those women and girls were found in African countries, with more than 144 million cases, followed by more than 80 million in Asia and the number surpassing six million in the Middle East.
300,000 more UK children fell into absolute poverty at height of cost of living crisis
About 300,000 more children were plunged into absolute poverty in a single year at the height of the cost of living crisis amid soaring levels of hunger and food bank use, official figures show, prompting calls for an overhaul of the UK’s creaking welfare safety net.
Campaigners accused the government of failing to protect the UK’s poorest families as the latest poverty statistics showed 600,000 more people fell into absolute poverty – ministers’ preferred poverty measure – in 2022-23 when inflation was at its 10% peak.
Overall, during the year 12 million people were in absolute poverty – equivalent to 18% of the population, including 3.6 million children – levels of hardship last seen in 2011-12 after the financial crash.
Ministers and opposition politicians faced calls to get a grip on rising poverty levels, with charities urging an increase to benefit rates to reflect the real cost of basics, such as food and energy, and the scrapping of policies such as the two-child benefit limit which is seen as a driver of family hardship.
Campaigners said the meagreness of welfare benefits was highlighted by sharp rises in food insecurity and food bank use. One in 10 people in poverty relied on food banks during the year, while 41% of universal credit claimants were food insecure, meaning they could not afford to buy sufficient food.
The figures show the reality of increasing concerns over rising poverty, and the prevalence of more extreme forms of hardship such as destitution, where individuals are unable to afford basic living essentials such as food, energy, bedding and clothing. Nearly 4 million people experienced destitution in 2022.
More than two-thirds (69%) of UK children in poverty lived in families where at least one parent works, while 44% of children in lone-parent families were in poverty.
An estimated 2.9 million children were in deep poverty, meaning their income was at least 50% below the poverty line. Nearly half (46%) of all families with three or more children were in poverty.
Nearly one in 10 (8%) of pensioners struggled to eat regularly, pay essential bills or keep their home warm, up 2 percentage points year on year, and the first increase in material hardship measures among the over-65s since 2014.
Child poverty also increased on the relative poverty measure that is preferred by campaigners, with 100,000 more young people pulled beneath the poverty line, meaning that a third of UK children (4.3 million) were in poverty in 2022-23 on this calculation.
Alison Garnham, the chief executive of the Child Poverty Action Group, said: “In a general election year, nothing should be more important to our political leaders than making things better for the country’s poorest kids. But child poverty has reached a record high, with 4.3 million kids now facing cold homes and empty tummies.”
The government said its cost of living support package, which included one-off cash payments and support with energy bills for low-income households, had helped alleviate pressure on poorer families and prevented more than 1 million people falling into poverty.
EU to impose tariff of up to 50% on Russia grain imports
The EU is set to impose a tariff of up to 50% on Russia grain imports amid fears the Kremlin could flood the bloc with cheap wheat to destabilise the European market.
The proposal, announced by the European commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, follows a plea on Thursday to EU leaders by the Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, to do something about grain “stolen” by the Russians from occupied territories.
She said: “We propose the imposition of tariffs on these Russian imports to mitigate the growing risk to our markets and our farmers. They will reduce Russia’s capacity to exploit the EU for the benefit of its war machine.”
The measure is intended principally to head off a potential illegal dumping of grain as the Kremlin seeks to weaponise as much as it can in its war against Ukraine.
Russian grain attracts low or no customs duties when sold in the EU but the proposal would lead to the imposition of a tariff of €95 (£82) per tonne of grain, which currently sells for up to €220, depending on the quality of the wheat.
Russian grain exports to the EU had gone up from 960,000 tonnes in 2022 to 1.5m tonnes in 2023, while at the same time production had rocketed from 35m tonnes to 50m tonnes between 2022 to 2023, EU officials said.
Russia’s Ukraine invasion highlights the need for fundamental UN reform
Almost twenty months since the invasion began, few would argue that the devastating scale of Russia’s attack on Ukraine has highlighted the shortcomings of the United Nations. As noted by Tom Grant, a Senior Fellow at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, “Russia’s aggression against Ukraine is the most serious violation of the UN Charter in the Charter’s history.” How can a country engaged in Europe’s largest invasion since World War II and led by a man wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes be allowed to undermine an organization committed to maintaining world peace?
The absurdity of Russia’s position among the five permanent members of the UN Security Council is fueling calls for fundamental reform of the United Nations. For two years in a row, the reform of the United Nations Security Council has featured in US President Joe Biden’s annual address to the UN General Assembly. The reform debate centers on the need for the highest body at the United Nations to be more representative. At present, the UNSC lacks any permanent members from Africa or Latin America, and is also missing valuable input from emerging powerhouses such as India and significant developed economies including Japan.
One of the roadblocks to such reform is the current make-up of the Security Council, which under the existing regulations would be required to vote to approve any expansion of the UNSC. This would likely be blocked by Russia, due to perceptions in the Kremlin that any expansion would weaken the Russian position. Tellingly, other permanent members would also see their influence diluted by an expanded UNSC, and yet the push for this reform is being led by one of them, the United States.
Other possible reforms of the United Nations include the removal or restriction of veto powers for permanent members of the UN Security Council. This could potentially prevent individual countries from unilaterally derailing efforts to address global crises or uphold international law. Some critics feel even this would not go far enough, and argue for a complete rethink of the role played by the United Nations in international affairs.
The UN was founded in 1945 to maintain international peace and security, but it has been unable to prevent one of its leading members from invading a neighbor and committing war crimes not witnessed in Europe since the darkest days of twentieth century totalitarianism. Clearly, the UN Security Council is broken and the entire UN approach to issues of war and peace is no longer fit for purpose.
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a watershed moment in world history that will have a profound impact on the future of international relations. If the United Nations wants to survive as an institution and remain relevant in the decades ahead, it must be ready to embrace fundamental reform.
With Russian presidential election, Vladimir Putin may cement longest reign since Stalin
Vladimir Putin, 71, Russia’s longest serving leader since Soviet dictator Josef Stalin, will almost certainly emerge victorious in the nation’s eighth presidential election. The vote takes place Friday to Sunday, and the winner will be inaugurated in a lavish ceremony in May at the Grand Kremlin Palace, former residence of tsars and empresses.
If, as widely expected, Putin cruises to another six-year term − the former KGB officer has held continuous positions as Russia’s president or prime minister since 1999
“This is not an election, it’s a selection,” said Alena Popova, a Moscow-based human rights activist.
“I support Putin and, of course, I will vote for him,” said Lyudmila Petrova, 46, who was shopping for Chinese-made counterfeit New Balance sneakers in southern Moscow at one of Russia’s largest wholesale markets.
“Putin raised Russia up from its knees. And Russia will defeat the West and Ukraine. You cannot defeat Russia – ever,” Petrova said. “Have you in the West gone completely mad? What is Ukraine to do with you?”
The West views Putin as an autocrat, a war criminal, a killer and even, as U.S. President Joe Biden said last month, a “crazy SOB” who U.S. officials say has enslaved Russia in a corrupt dictatorship that leads to strategic ruin.
March 13 (Reuters) – An uneasy quiet hung over Haiti’s capital Port-au-Prince on Wednesday after the resignation of Prime Minister Ariel Henry, a 74-year-old neurosurgeon who came to power after the assassination of the country’s last president.
The news was met with some celebration as well as uncertainty over the response by armed gangs, the future of a planned security mission, Henry’s replacement and the country’s eventual elections, set to be the first since 2016.
World Science Festival Showcases Thinkers, Dreamers, Storytellers : Brisbane 15 – 24 March (Australia)
The World Science Festival Brisbane has kicked off for 2024 and will delight and fascinate audiences of all ages with a unique mix of hands-on science, art and culture.
This year’s theme For Thinkers and Dreamers embraces exploration and creativity with an impressive line-up of science stars sharing their passion for science and innovation, plus interactive art and cultural installations.
World Science Festival Brisbane features the Australian premiere of large-scale sculpture, ADA, by international artist Karina Smigla-Bobinski and the stunning Ghost Nets of Pormpuraaw, celebrating cultural practice and creativity by eight Pormpuraaw artists.
Renowned physicist Professor Brian Greene, Australia’s favourite science communicator Dr Karl Kruszelnicki and the War on Waste’s Craig Reucassel explore modern day challenges from climate, sustainable food production and artificial intelligence to the mysteries of deep space and our oceans.
The Miles Government is investing $9 million over the next three years to secure the World Science Festival Brisbane – the only event of its kind outside of New York City – until 2027.
World Science Festival Brisbane is predicted to deliver $1.4 million for the visitor economy with the festival’s regional program traveling to Toowoomba, Chinchilla, Ipswich, Townsville and Gladstone.
50 people die after drinking ‘mysterious liquid’ during witchcraft rituals in Angola (south west Africa)
Nearly 50 people lost their lives after they were forced to consume an herbal potion to prove that they were not sorcerers in Angola, as said by the police and local officials on Thursday (Mar 14).
Witchcraft’s dominance in Angola
In some rural communities of Angola, the people have a belief in witchcraft even though it is strongly opposed by the church in the country which is predominantly Catholic and a former Portuguese colony.
“It’s a widespread practice to make people drink the supposed poison because of the belief in witchcraft,” said provincial police spokesperson Antonio Hossi, while speaking about the radio network. He further warned that similar cases have been on the rise.
There are no specific laws against witchcraft in Angola which leaves communities to deal with the issue on their own.
The traditional healers or “marabouts” often settle the allegations of sorcery by making the accused drink a toxic herbal drink known as “Mbulungo.” It is believed by many people that if a person dies after drinking the toxic herbal drink, then he or she is proven guilty of practising sorcery.
Thousands of Turkish women defy ban to protest for equal rights (International women day)
ISTANBUL — Thousands of women took to the streets of Istanbul, Turkey, to mark International Women’s Day Friday despite a ban by the government, demanding equality and change of laws to protect women and help them gain their rights in the country and around the world.
Waving purple flags as a sign of International Women’s Day, they filled the air with slogans and rallying cries despite a ban on rallies by authorities.
“The world would shake if women were free,” “Resist for rebellion, resist for freedom,” and “Woman, Life, Freedom,” they chanted.
While the police had blocked access to the streets leading to the protest location several hours ahead, some women said they figured out their own ways to get there and participate in the protest.
Turkey was the first country to join the Istanbul Convention in March 2012 which aims at preventing gender-based violence by setting legally binding standards to protect victims and punish perpetrators. However, 9 years later, in 2021, Turkey became the first and only country that left the convention in a decision made by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s Islamic leaning government who believed the treaty eroded their conservative values.
According to We Will Stop Femicide, a prominent activist group in Turkey, 338 women have been murdered since March 2023, and 248 died under suspicious circumstances.
The campaign added that 212 of these women were killed at home, 134 of them by their husbands, 47 by their boyfriends, and 36 by their ex-husbands. Two of the victims did not know their murderers at all, according to the group.
Scientists develop new technology that generates essentially endless power from dirt: ‘The fuel cell can potentially last forever’
Scientists led by researchers from Northwestern University in Chicago have developed a new type of fuel cell that can be harvested from dirt. This dirt fuel could provide essentially endless electricity, eliminating waste and harmful effects of other sources of fuel.
In a study published in January, the researchers outlined their findings regarding harvesting electricity from microbes, tiny organisms such as bacteria or fungi, living in the dirt.
With this new type of fuel cell, scientists hope to harness sources of energy that could act as a replacement for batteries, which can release toxins into the water or soil, increase landfill waste, cause fires, and can lead to draining communities of their resources.
The researchers found that these units, each not much larger than the size of a paperback book, according to The Independent, could power sensors in farming and remote devices in the Internet of Things (IoT), the large network of objects that use software or technology to exchange data with other devices, such as smartwatches and self-driving cars.
The process of developing microbial fuel cells, the basis for dirt-fueled power, began in 1911 — as the Independent explained — when British botanist Michael Cressé Potter first successfully generated electricity from microorganisms. Potter found that these fuel cells could operate like a battery.
Authors withdraw from PEN America festival in protest over Israel-Gaza war
Group of more than a dozen writers decry organization’s inadequate response to ‘genocide’ being committed by Israel
More than a dozen prominent authors and literary figures have withdrawn from PEN America’s flagship World Voices Festival in protest of what they see as an inadequate response by the organization to the “genocide” being committed against Palestinians by Israel in Gaza.
The group of writers, which includes Naomi Klein, Michelle Alexander, Hisham Matar, Isabella Hammad and Zaina Arafat, sent a letter to PEN America asserting it had “betrayed the organization’s professed commitment to peace and equality for all, and to freedom and security for writers everywhere” by failing to call for a ceasefire in the Israel-Gaza war.
The protest, first reported Thursday by Literary Hub, is the latest broadside directed at the literary freedom advocacy organization following a series of high-profile resignations and other denouncements in recent weeks.
Last month, hundreds of writers including Roxane Gay, Maaza Mengiste and Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah wrote to PEN condemning what they called its “silence” over “Palestinian journalists, writers, and poets murdered by Israel” outside of “press releases buried on its website”.
Literary Hub says that open letter has now surpassed 1,300 signatories.
In the latest missive, the 16 authors say their decision to pull out of the festival, scheduled to take place in New York from 8-11 May, follows PEN’s “failure” to support human rights organizations and the United Nations security council in demanding a Gaza ceasefire.
“Palestine’s poets, scholars, novelists and journalists and essayists have risked everything, including their lives and the lives of their families, to share their words with the world,” the letter states.
Israel-Gaza war : Aid reaches shore in Gaza after first sea delivery
The first crates of food are on dry ground, but how it will be distributed in Gaza remains unclear.
The first ship towing a barge of humanitarian aid to Gaza has unloaded supplies onto the shore.
The Spanish ship Open Arms left Cyprus on Tuesday with 200 tonnes of food desperately needed for Gaza, which the UN says is on the brink of famine.
It marks the start of a trial to see if sea deliveries are effective, after air and land deliveries proved difficult.
World Central Kitchen (WCK), which supplied the food, carried out the mission in co-operation with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), to deliver the barge’s cargo of rice, flour, legumes, canned vegetables and canned proteins.
Gaza has no functioning port, so a jetty stemming from the shoreline was built by WCK’s team. How the food will be distributed in Gaza remains unclear.
WCK’s founder, celebrity chef José Andrés, wrote on X (formerly Twitter) that all the food aid from the barge had been loaded into 12 lorries.
“We did it!” he wrote, adding that this was a test to see if they could bring even more aid in the next shipment – up to “thousands of tons a week”.
In a statement, Israel said the Open Arms vessel and its cargo were inspected in Cyprus, and that Israel Defense Forces (IDF) troops had been deployed to secure the shoreline.
Leaders of Germany, France, Poland meet to mend rifts over Ukraine war
The leaders of Germany, France and Poland are meeting in Berlin to resolve differences over how to support Ukraine as Russian voters go to the polls in an election that looks set to extend President Vladimir Putin’s reign.
German Chancellor Olaf Scholz hosted French President Emmanuel Macron and Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk in Berlin on Friday with the three members of the so-called Weimar Triangle set to hold urgent discussions on how best to support Ukraine, which is short on the military resources needed to definitively halt Russia’s two-year invasion of the country.
But simmering disagreements between Macron and Scholz threaten to undermine cooperation between the allies. Glaring divisions between the French and German leaders were laid bare at a gathering of European leaders last month when Macron created controversy by saying sending soldiers to Ukraine could not be ruled out and making pointed comments about allies refraining from being “cowards”.
Mental health leave offered to Taiwanese students as youth suicides double
Under the programme, high school students can apply for up to three days off each semester, taken as full or half days, without proof of need but with the permission of their parents. More than 40 schools have expressed interest in the trial run, according to the ministry of education.
The scheme is in response to rising concerns over mental health issues among young people in Taiwan. Between 2014 and 2022, the suicide rate among people aged 15 to 24 more than doubled, even as the overall rate declined.
In 2022, a senior official at the ministry of health and welfare came under fire from youth advocacy groups after linking the increase in suicides to the “growing number of tall buildings in Taiwan”. His comments were in response to a question from UN experts about whether Taiwan authorities had looked into systemic factors such as academic pressure, and were widely criticised as dismissive of growing concerns about the impact this had on students in Taiwan and other east Asian countries.
In 2022 the Child Welfare League Foundation conducted a survey of students, finding that more than 12% reported “severe” levels of stress, and was more than twice as bad among senior high school students than juniors. Almost a quarter of high school students said they had experienced severe depression. The survey said the top three drivers of stress reported were schoolwork (77%), future prospects (67%) and interpersonal relationships (43%).
Avocado giant Mission Produce bets on mangoes to fuel growth
The California-based producer has reinvested in areas to support sourcing of the popular tropical fruit, as sales grow for avocados and blueberries.
Mission Produce, founded in 1983, entered the mango category in recent years to meet global demand for the tropical fruit.
Mangoes typically grow during the avocado offseason, creating a unique synergy within Mission’s international farming business, Barnard said. In 2021, he called it a “natural addition” to the company’s growing portfolio, which also includes blueberries.
Mission owns about 700 acres of mangoes in Peru. Over the years, the company has broadened its sourcing and distribution capabilities for the fruit, with intentions of becoming a leader in the space.
“While our mango program is still in its infancy…the opportunity ahead is immense,” Barnard said in an earnings call Monday.
Despite being one of the most consumed fruits globally, mangoes have lagged in Western markets due in part to a lack of consistent, high-quality sourcing.
“We are eager to bring some greater execution to this fragmented industry and help drive greater consumption,” Barnard told investors. Recently, Mission has reinvested in the mango business with new leadership focused on sourcing, retail distribution and operational improvements.
Additionally, the avocado giant experienced robust blueberry sales growth in the first quarter, due in part to supply constraints that led to favorable market conditions. Mission has also been investing in premium blueberry varieties to drive stronger sales returns in the future.
Blueberry sales increased 9% to $32.5 million over last year. Segment prices nearly doubled in the first quarter, offset by lower volumes related to weather issues in Peru. El Niño has impacted volumes of blueberries, as well as avocados, in previous quarters, but signs of improvement are starting to show.
“Although it is still early to provide a reliable forecast of volume from our Peruvian operations, weather conditions have improved as El Niño conditions have dissipated, which should lead to a more predictable harvest for this coming season,” Barnard said.
Revenue totaled $258.7 million in the first quarter, a 21% increase from the previous year. The company attributed this to strong avocado pricing that fattened margins, as well as higher average sales in blueberries and mangoes. Net income was breakeven over last year
India’s first International Stand-Up Paddling event –
Paddle Festival: March 8 to 10, 2024
The World’s Best Stand-Up Paddlers Converge in Mangalore Ahead of Inaugural Event in India
The India Paddle Festival will be hosted at the pristine Sasihithulu beach in Mangalore from 8th-10th March 2024.
The Association of PaddleSurf Professionals World Tour (APP) announced its entry in India with the country’s first-ever International Stand-Up Paddling championship last month. The India Paddle Festival will be the first step in an exciting new development journey for the organization as a significant growth of the sport in the region over the coming years. Presented by Karnataka Tourism, and organized by the Surfing Swami Foundation, the India Paddle Festival will welcome a selection of top athletes from the APP World Tour, as well as other aspiring professionals from the region.
The India Paddle Festival will be a mix of sports, culture and entertainment, the details which were announced at a Press Conference held in the city today, which was attended by Tristan Boxford, CEO, APP World Tour, Dhananjaya Shetty, Chairman, and Surfing Swami Foundation.
How UNESCO Literacy Prizes laureates are advancing women’s education
8 March 2024
Since being awarded the UNESCO Confucius Prize for Literacy in 2011, the Alpha Ujuvi Collective from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been offering literacy courses and professional training to young Congolese girls and women who are victims of sexual violence. These skills are conducive to lead them to income-generating activities to recover from the trauma and stigma. Talitha Khoum, a centre dedicated to educating young girls, was also established by the Collective. Over 500 orphaned, displaced, and underprivileged girls have benefitted from its academic and social reintegration programmes. Despite facing numerous challenges, the Collective is dedicated to expanding its reach to more young girls and women. Mr Patrick N. Bunzigjye, Director in charge of communication and relations with partners of the Collective indicates “Education is internationally recognized as the most powerful tool for the advancement of women and girls and the protection of their rights. Investing in their education can transform, and even save lives: the lives of women and girls, but also those of their families and communities. It is one of the most effective ways to achieve positive and lasting change for everyone around the world.”
Texas fires leave ranchers with few options to feed cattle
The USDA is providing producers with emergency assistance and supporting relocation efforts that allow livestock to graze on certain conservation lands.
As record wildfires in the Texas Panhandle finally begin to die down, ranchers are still scrambling to keep their remaining cattle fed after blazes tore through vast swaths of grazing land.
The Smokehouse Creek Fire, 74% contained as of Thursday, has scorched over 1 million acres of land in the heart of Texas cattle country. Thousands of cows, horses and other livestock have died as some farmers have seen their entire operation burn to the ground.
As firefighters make headway in containing the blaze, ranchers are turning their attention to the long road ahead to recovery. Incinerated grasslands and hay supplies have left farmers with few options to feed their livestock.
“There’s just nothing left there for them to eat,” Jana Hance, a relief coordinator based in Montana, told local paper Great Falls Tribune. “It all burned.”
As farmers from neighboring states rally to provide hay donations, the U.S. Department of Agriculture is offering assistance including indemnity payments and low-interest loans to purchase feed. The agency is also opening up some acres under the Conservation Reserve Program to provide emergency grazing options for ranchers affected by fires.
World’s biggest pollution monitor launches into orbit
March 4, 2024
CNN’s Bill Weir reports on a new satellite that launched Monday to track methane on Earth so governments and fossil fuel companies can be held accountable for the emissions that contribute to global warming.
First satellite developed by an environmental non-profit will see methane emissions others can’t, paving the way for heightened accountability and faster reductions
(VANDENBERG SFB, LOMPOC CA – March 4, 2024) Just after 4:00pm Pacific Time today MethaneSAT effectively detached from SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket that carried the emissions monitor into space. The groundbreaking satellite is designed to help protect the Earth’s climate by accelerating reductions of a powerful greenhouse pollutant, focusing first on oil and gas operations, a major source of methane.
Circling the Earth 15 times a day, MethaneSAT will measure changes in methane concentrations as small as three parts per billion. High sensitivity together with high resolution and a wide field of view will enable MethaneSAT to see the whole emissions picture
These unique capabilities usher in a new era of transparency for the industry. Interactive emissions data will be available to anyone directly from www.MethaneSAT.org and on Google Earth Engine, a premier geospatial data platform used by over 100,000 experts and analysts.
Nigeria’s Deepening Cost-of-Living Crisis Is Turning Deadly
…What People Do To Beat Hunger — Report
…Looting Of Food Warehouse Sign Of Bad Omen, Government Appears Clueless — Umar
…98,000 Women Die Annually While Providing Food For Families — WHO
Nigeria, a country long used to hardship, is facing a crushing cost-of-living crisis.
Prices for some vital food staples have doubled in a matter of months. Trucks hauling items like rice and pasta are being hijacked along rural highways. Protests have bubbled up in major cities and soldiers now stand guard to prevent grain warehouses from being ransacked by desperate citizens.
At the heart of the upheaval in Africa’s most populous country are aggressive reforms by President Bola Tinubu, who scrapped a popular but costly fuel subsidy and eased foreign-exchange controls shortly after taking office in May.
“At a macro level, Nigeria has taken bold reforms – including two naira devaluations and a big rate hike – to converge exchange rates, stabilize the naira and rein in runaway inflation. On the micro level, households and business are taking pain from these measures, particularly from high inflation that is eroding real income.”
The cost-of-living crisis is not just hitting the poor. Even in the upmarket shops used by affluent Nigerians, it’s becoming difficult to keep up with surging prices.
PZ Cussons Plc, which sells a number of household goods in Nigeria, told investors that it has raised prices 12 times in recent months.
The rapid devaluation of the Naira against major foreign currencies, coupled with inflationary pressures, has led to a rise in the prices of imported goods, including food, fuel, and essential commodities.
However, the volatility of global oil prices has exposed Nigeria to economic shocks. When oil prices plummet, as seen in recent years, Nigeria’s revenue declines, leading to a shortage of foreign exchange reserves.
Additionally, the lack of investment in agriculture deprives the country of domestic food production capacity, further driving up food prices. High unemployment rates, particularly among the youth, have further been identified to aggravate the cost of living crisis in Nigeria.
FDA Approves First OTC Continuous Glucose Monitor
March 6, 2024 — The FDA has approved the first over-the-counter continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system.
The Dexcom Stelo Glucose Biosensor System is meant for adults with or without diabetes who don’t use insulin. This would include people with diabetes who take oral medications, or those without diabetes who want to better understand how diet and exercise may impact blood sugar levels, There are about 25 million people in the U.S. with type 2 diabetes who do not take insulin, Dexcom said in a press release.
The company did not say how much the device will cost, but said it will be available this summer.
The system is not for people with low blood sugar, the FDA said in a statement.
The Stelo system contains a wearable sensor paired with an smartphone app. It measures, records, analyzes, and displays blood sugar values every 15 minutes. Each sensor can be worn for up to 15 days before it must be replaced. It is not intended to be used to make medical decisions without first checking with a health care provider.“CGMs can be a powerful tool to help monitor blood glucose. Today’s clearance expands access to these devices by allowing individuals to purchase a CGM without the involvement of a healthcare provider,” said Jeff Shuren, MD, director of the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health.
India says its citizens were ‘duped’ to serve in the Russian army. Now it wants them back
“Several Indian nationals have been duped to work with the Russian army. We have strongly taken up the matter with the Russian government for early discharge of such internationals,” said Randhir Jaiswal, spokesperson for India’s Ministry of External Affairs.
Late on Thursday, the Central Bureau of Investigation of India said it had busted several “major human trafficking networks” that were “targeting gullible youths” with offers of lucrative jobs abroad.
It comes amid a domestic labour crisis that has incentivized Indian nationals to seek jobs abroad.
India is seeking the release of its nationals who have been “duped” into serving in the Russian army, a spokesperson for the Indian Ministry of External Affairs said Friday, in a rare rift from Moscow.
“Several Indian nationals have been duped to work with the Russian army. We have strongly taken up the matter with the Russian government for early discharge of such internationals,” said spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal. “A case of human trafficking has been registered against several agents.”
He appealed to Indian nationals to “not be swayed by offers made by agents for support jobs with the Russian army. This is fraught with danger and risk to life,” stressing that New Delhi remains “committed to early release of our nationals serving as support staff with the Russian army and the eventual return home.”
Late on Thursday, the Central Bureau of Investigation of India said it had raided several “major human trafficking networks” that were “targeting gullible youths” with offers of lucrative jobs abroad. The CBI identified at least “35 instances” of Indian citizens being sent abroad as a result of these operations.
“These traffickers have been operating as an organized network and were luring Indian nationals through social media channels like Youtube etc and also through their local contacts/agents for highly paid jobs in Russia,” the CBI said in a statement.
Following their recruitment, Indian nationals were “trained in combat roles and deployed at front bases in Russia-Ukraine War Zone against their wishes, thus, putting their lives in grave dangers.”
“It has been ascertained that some of these victims also got grievously injured in the war zone,” the agency said.
It comes amid a domestic labour crisis that has incentivized Indian nationals to seek jobs abroad.
Hong Kong proposes new security bill with life imprisonment for ‘treason’ and ‘insurrection’
Hong Kong on Friday unveiled a draft security bill proposing up to life imprisonment for offences such as insurrection and treason.
The draft also proposed 20 years of prison sentence for espionage and 10 years for offences related to state secrets.
Hong Kong on Friday unveiled a new draft security bill proposing up to life imprisonment for offences such as insurrection and treason following a month of public consultation period for the bill.
Crimes that will incur up to a maximum penalty of life imprisonment include treason, insurrection, the incitement of a member of Chinese armed forces to mutiny, as well as colluding with external forces to damage or weaken public infrastructure to endanger national security.
The draft Article 23 also proposed 20 years of prison sentence for espionage and 10 years for offences related to state secrets.
Hong Kong’s Chief Executive John Lee on Thursday urged the need to pass the law “as soon as possible” amid an “increasingly complex” geopolitics backdrop.
According to a government statement, 98.6% of views showed support for the bill during the public consultation.
“The means taken to endanger national security can come in many different forms and the threat can emerge all of a sudden,” the statement read, adding that the sooner the legislative work is completed, the faster they can “guard against national security risks.”
The proposal will need to be scrutinized by lawmakers through several rounds of debate before it becomes law.
The draft legislation is necessary for Hong Kong to fulfil its constitutional duty to safeguard national security, China’s Ministry of National Security emphasized in its official WeChat account on Monday.
Beijing imposed a controversial law four years ago, which stamped out dissent and led to the arrest of many Hong Kong pro-democracy activists. China’s 2020 national security law aimed at prohibiting secession, subversion of state power, terrorism activities and foreign interference.
The U.S. State Department in late February expressed concerns about Hong Kong’s Article 23, and how it could be used to “eliminate dissent through the fear of arrest and detention.”
Sweden formally joins NATO military alliance, ending centuries of neutrality
Sweden officially joined NATO as its 32nd member on Thursday, almost two years after first applying to the military alliance.
Earlier on Thursday, the Swedish government said in a statement it was holding an extraordinary meeting to vote on joining NATO after all current members had approved its accession to the military alliance.
The news was then confirmed later Thursday with a statement from NATO, with Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg saying the country was “taking its rightful place at our table.”
“Sweden’s accession makes NATO stronger, Sweden safer, and the whole Alliance more secure. I look forward to raising their flag at NATO HQ on Monday,” he added.
Pakistan election: Imran Khan’s rivals PML-N and PPP reach deal to form government. Shehbaz Shariff is going to be new PM
Nawaz Sharif and Bilawal Bhutto Zardari’s parties in Pakistan have reached a deal to form a government after last week’s disputed election.
Mr Bhutto’s Pakistan People’s Party said it would help Mr Sharif’s Pakistan Muslim League elect a prime minister.
The two parties were previously in a coalition that ousted Imran Khan from power in 2022. He is now in jail.
This time independent candidates backed by his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) unexpectedly won the most seats.
PPP leader Asif Ali Zardari told a press conference that although his party and the PML-N had contested elections against each other, they had come together in the interests of the nation.
To some, the return of Sharif, or his brother Shehbaz, as the leader of any coalition government cobbled together by the army, holds the promise of a thaw in ties with India, given his past camaraderie with PM Narendra Modi and his stated desire to improve ties with India.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-68287508
THE END
March 2nd, 2024
March is Agriculture Literacy Month in Saskatchewan
Government of Saskatchewan proclaimed March as Agriculture Literacy Month in Saskatchewan. Agriculture Literacy Month activities invite farmers, ranchers and industry experts into participating classrooms, offering students the chance to discover where their food comes from.
“Agriculture Literacy Month contributes to building an informed perspective on the significance of farming and ranching in Saskatchewan and its impact on the world,” Agriculture Minister David Marit said. “By ensuring our youth understand the many hands it takes to grow safe and nutritious food, we are helping to create a sustainable future for the industry.”
Throughout the month of March, industry volunteers, from all levels of food production, will join classrooms to share presentations and personal experiences to help students learn more about agriculture.
“Saskatchewan is known globally for supplying the world with high-quality food and fertilizer, as we have the best producers and agriculture experts in the world,” Education Minster Jeremy Cockrill said. “I thank the many industry professionals who visit schools to share with students how important agriculture is within our province and around the world.”
Agriculture in the classroom plays an important role in the agriculture industry by creating awareness and understanding and inspiring the next generation to care about the agriculture industry. This year, the Agriculture Literacy Month theme is “Promoting Diversity in Agriculture” and features a new storybook called “All the Famers You Will Know.”
“This year’s theme is important and timely for the industry,” Agriculture in the Classroom Saskatchewan Executive Director Sara Shymko said. “We will need diversity of thought, experience and skills to solve the challenges and capitalize on the opportunities the future holds.
The Alabama Supreme Court ruled on Feb. 16 that frozen embryos are people and someone can be held liable for destroying them.
The Alabama Supreme Court ruled Friday that frozen embryos are people and someone can be held liable for destroying them, a decision that reproductive rights advocates say could imperil in vitro fertilization (IVF) and affect the hundreds of thousands of patients who depend on treatments like it each year.
The first-of-its-kind ruling comes as at least 11 states have broadly defined personhood as beginning at fertilization in their state laws, according to reproductive rights group Pregnancy Justice, and states nationwide mull additional abortion and reproductive restrictions, elevating the issue ahead of the 2024 elections.
What Alabama’s frozen embryos ruling means for IVF across the U.S.
The Alabama case focused on whether a patient who mistakenly dropped and destroyed other couples’ frozen embryos could be held liable in a wrongful-death lawsuit. The court ruled the patient could, writing that it had long held that “unborn children are ‘children’” and that that was also true for frozen embryos, affording the fertilized eggs the same protection as babies under the Wrongful Death of a Minor Act.
“It applies to all children, born and unborn, without limitation,” the court wrote. “It is not the role of this Court to craft a new limitation based on our own view of what is or is not wise public policy. That is especially true where, as here, the People of this State have adopted a Constitutional amendment directly aimed at stopping courts from excluding ‘unborn life’ from legal protection.”
‘They only knew how to fight’: school helps girls to heal after Boko Haram
The militant group continues to abduct schoolchildren in north-eastern Nigeria, but one school is giving survivors hope of a better life through education.
The Lafiya Sarari school was set up in response to the terror Boko Haram has inflicted. Established in 2017 by the Neem Foundation, a Nigerian charity set up to help communities affected by violence, the school is designed to provide support and education to those who have suffered trauma.
“What we do is a trauma-informed learning approach,” says Dr Fatima Akilu, a psychologist who helped set up the foundation. “It’s not a set programme.”
She says: “Some people have post-traumatic stress disorder, some come in with depression, some come with anxiety – it changes.
Dr Fatima Akilu, a psychologist and executive director of the Neem Foundation. Photograph: Courtesy Neem Foundation
“We used to have a psychologist in the early days when we first started, but now all we have is a full-time counsellor who knows the girls, who has been with them throughout.”
Boko Haram has targeted schools as part of its campaign of atrocities in north-eastern Nigeria since 2010. It has carried out massacres and multiple abductions, including 2014’s killing of 59 schoolboys, the kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls in Chibok in 2014 and 101 girls in Dapchi in 2018.
Between 2013 and 2018, according to the UN, Boko Haram abducted more than 1,000 children, using them as soldiers and domestic or sex slaves. Amnesty International has estimated that 1,436 schoolchildren and 17 teachers were abducted between December 2020 and October 2021.
Stability AI previews Stable Diffusion 3 text-to-image model
London-based AI lab Stability AI has announced an early preview of its new text-to-image model, Stable Diffusion 3. The advanced generative AI model aims to create high-quality images from text prompts with improved performance across several key areas.
According to Stability AI, Stable Diffusion 3 has significantly better abilities for handling multi-subject image generation compared to previous versions. This allows users to include more detailed prompts with multiple elements and achieve better results.
In addition to improvements with complex prompts, the new model boasts upgraded overall image quality and spelling accuracy. Stability AI claims these upgrades solve some consistency and coherence issues that have impacted past text-to-image models.
Readers can view 2 minute video to understand whats is Diffusion model 3
What was agreed at WTO (world trade organization) negotiations in Abu Dhabi?
ABU DHABI, March 1 (Reuters) – World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiators failed to break a deadlock on major reforms in the early hours of Saturday despite talks extending deep into overtime in Abu Dhabi, in what some delegates said was a triumph of national interest over collective responsibility.
Here is a summary of what was achieved and what was not:
E-COMMERCE
– Countries agreed to extend a moratorium, opens new tab on placing tariffs on digital goods until the next ministerial conference in two years’ time. Then the deal is set to expire at the start of that meeting, requiring more extensive negotiations.
– Several countries, including India and South Africa, were opposed to the extension of a moratorium on e-commerce backed by the vast majority of countries and seen as vital to businesses to avoid tariffs on digital goods like film downloads.
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT
– Countries agreed to commit to continue negotiations in 2024 to try to resolve a crisis in its dispute settlement system whose top court has been hobbled for four years due to U.S. opposition.
This means many trade disputes are unresolved since countries can appeal them into a legal void and the WTO’s rules cannot be enforced.
– India’s minister Piyush Goyal has said it is “sad” countries are obstructing outcomes. He did not mention Washington directly but said he had raised a lack of progress on fixing the WTO’s dispute system with U.S. Trade Representative Katherine Tai in a meeting earlier this week.
– Tai has said negotiations on this issue are positive and have shown progress. However, delegates say obstacles abound and are privately sceptical of them making much further headway in a U.S. presidential election year.
– A group of countries sought to reach a friendly agreement, supported by the European Union, to refrain from appealing WTO disputes into the void but this did not win consensus among members in Abu Dhabi, trade sources said.
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AGRICULTURE
– No agreement was reached in Abu Dhabi.
– India, which is facing farmer protests at home and has elections due by May, had sought a permanent solution on public stockholding (PSH) – a term that refers to state policies on food procurement aimed at ensuring food security.
– Two alternative solutions were envisaged in a draft agreement. One aimed to find a permanent solution to the issue at this meeting and the other one commits to intensify negotiations and extend to other developing countries the privileges only India currently enjoys under WTO rules.
– India rejected the second proposal, intended to appease them, in talks between a few key countries including the United States, Brazil and China, a source in the room said.
FISHERIES
– No deal was reached in Abu Dhabi.
– Countries had tried to agree to the second part of an international WTO agreement to curb government subsidies that critics say encourage industrial fishing fleets to empty the world’s oceans. A first part was agreed in 2022 and will take effect if and when enough countries ratify it.
– Many participants, including USTR’s Tai, saw this as the most likely topic where a deal could be reached. Environmentalists say it is vital for the world’s oceans.
– The chair of the talks issued a new draft agreement on Friday morning with a few sections still in yellow, indicating areas of non-agreement including rules for phase-in periods for developing countries.
Reporting by Emma Farge; Editing by Emelia Sithole-Matarise and Diane Craft
Vladimir Putin announces Russia close to creating cancer vaccines
Russia’s President Vladimir Putin on Wednesday announced a significant breakthrough in cancer research. Putin said that Russian scientists are close to creating vaccines for the life-threatening disease of cancer, and it will be accessible to patients soon.
Speaking about future technologies at a Moscow forum, Putin said, “We have come very close to the creation of so-called cancer vaccines and immunomodulatory drugs of a new generation,” reported Reuters.
He added, “I hope that soon they will be effectively used as methods of individual therapy.” However, the Russian President did not clarify the types of cancer the proposed vaccines are for and how they would work.
According to Reuters, currently, several countries and companies are working on cancer vaccines. The United Kingdom government signed an agreement with a Germany-based biotechnology company BioNTech last year. The objective of signing the agreement was to launch clinical trials providing “personalised cancer treatments”, aiming to reach up to 10,000 patients by 2030, reported Reuters.
Additionally, pharmaceutical companies such as Moderna and Merck & Co are on the path of developing an experimental cancer vaccine that a mid-stage study has shown to cut chances of recurrence or death from melanoma, according to Reuters. Melanoma is considered the deadliest form of skin cancer.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), there are six licensed vaccines against human papillomaviruses (HPV). But these vaccines also cause many cancers, including cervical cancer. Additionally, the vaccines against hepatitis B (HBV) may lead to liver cancer, according to WHO.
During the Coronavirus pandemic worldwide, Russia was the country that developed its own Sputnik V vaccine to fight against COVID-19. Following the development, Russia also sold the Sputnik V vaccine to several countries. However, domestically the vaccine ran up against the widespread public reluctance to get vaccinated, reported Reuters. President Putin claimed that he had taken Sputnik V to assure people of its efficacy and safety.
Putin warns Nato of risk of nuclear war in major speech to Russian parliament
Putin also said Russia will fight back and “defeat” Nato on their own territory against the threat of expansion, which he warned could trigger a nuclear war.
He said:
They are preparing to strike our territory and using the best possible forces most effective forces to do so.
But we remember the fate of those who tried to invade our territory and of course their fate will be much more tragic than anything that we could face.
They have to understand that we also have weapons. Weapons that can defeat them on their own territory and of course all this is very dangerous because it could actually trigger the use of nuclear weapons. Do they not understand that?
These people are people who have not been through arduous experiences. They’ve forgotten about it, but we did through the Caucasian war, for example, and now in the conflict in Ukraine.
Kremlin warns of conflict with Nato if alliance troops fight in Ukraine
Reuters reports
The Kremlin has suggested that conflict between Russia and the US-led Nato military alliance would become inevitable if European members of Nato sent troops to fight in Ukraine.
Sweden, Poland and the Czech Republic have distanced themselves from Emmanuel Macron saying on Monday that there was “no consensus” on sending western troops to Ukraine but “nothing should be excluded”.
“The very fact of discussing the possibility of sending certain contingents to Ukraine from Nato countries is a very important new element,” Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov told reporters when asked about Macron’s remarks.
Asked by reporters what the risks of a direct Russia-Nato conflict would be if Nato members sent their troops to fight in Ukraine, Peskov said:
“In that case, we would need to talk not about the probability, but about the inevitability (of a direct conflict).”
French officials have become worried there has been no single galvanising western force responding to Vladimir Putin putting his economy on such an effective war footing, and insufficiently clear practical responses had emerged from the west.
Ukrainian forces report shortages of weapons and ammunition, as a grinding stalemate gives way to Russian gains.
Israel Gaza: Biden hopes to see ceasefire by the start of Ramadan
US President Joe Biden has said he hopes to see a deal for a ceasefire in the Israel-Gaza War in time for the start of Ramadan.
The Muslim holy month, during which members of the faith fast from dawn to sunset, will begin on 10 or 11 March.
Asked whether he expected a deal by then, Mr Biden said: “I’m hoping so. We’re still working real hard on it.”
It comes amid tense ceasefire negotiations and as pressure builds on Mr Biden to help curtail the conflict.
A proposed deal would see a 40-day pause in all military operations from the start of Ramadan as well as an increased flow of aid into Gaza, a source close to the talks told Reuters news agency.
It would also reportedly include an agreement for the release of Palestinian prisoners in exchange for Israeli hostages at a ratio of 10 to one.
The exact start of Ramadan is marked by the first sighting of the crescent Moon, so can vary from place to place.
Biden treading carefully through political minefield
Calls for action to alleviate the humanitarian crisis in Gaza intensified on Thursday after more than 100 people were killed as crowds rushed around aid lorries delivering food.
Hamas, which governs Gaza, accused Israel of firing at civilians, but Israel said most had died in a stampede after it fired warning shots.
Following the incident, President Biden announced plans to airdrop aid into Gaza, saying: “Innocent people got caught in a terrible war, unable to feed their families. And you saw the response when they tried to get aid.
“But we need to do more, and the United States will do more.”
Around a quarter of the population of Gaza is currently at risk of famine, according to UN figures, but the planned air drops have been criticised by aid groups as costly and insufficient.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68453627
THE END
February 24, 2024
‘We are not letting the horror be forgotten’: artists mark second anniversary of Ukraine invasion
Museum of Civilian Voices in Kyiv is a repository of 100,000 stories relating to the war, including Column of the ruined lives (left). Vlada (right)is an 11-hour sequence of videos from Telegram channels in Ukraine, collected by the artists Nick Crowe and Ian Rawlinson, which will play at Outernet, central London, on 24 February
The people of Ukraine will be heard and seen as never before this weekend in events to mark the second anniversary of the Russian invasion.
Launched in Kyiv on 22 February, the Museum of Civilian Voices is a repository of 100,000 stories told by men, women and children living in the warzone. Meanwhile this Saturday 24th—the anniversary itself—members of the public in London will be able to see a “continuous artwork” based on thousands of clips and photographs uploaded from mobile phones in Ukraine, running in a dizzying 11-hour montage at the immersive institution Outernet.
Symbols of national resilience: the Museum of Civilian Voices
Curators at the Kyiv museum promise an immersive, multi-media space which will “plunge” visitors into the lives and experiences of the Ukrainian people. It covers events since 2014, when a revolution overthrew the then Moscow-friendly regime, which in turn led to militants armed with Russian weapons annexing Crimea.
Organisers believe that exhibits relating to everyday aspects of Ukrainians’ lives, including their possessions and images of their pets, will help outsiders identify with the trauma they’re going through. Nastia Tykha became known around the world after a photograph of her and her 19 dogs went viral. “We have evacuated with our entire animal shelter,” she explains. A woman called Nadiya Svatko says, “My wardrobe and cockerel are signs that victory will be ours.” Her belongings, which somehow survived the flattening of her home, are seen as symbols of national resilience.
Mexico overtakes China as the leading source of goods imported to U.S.
WASHINGTON (AP) — For the first time in more than two decades, Mexico last year surpassed China as the leading source of goods imported to the United States. The shift reflects the growing tensions between Washington and Beijing as well as U.S. efforts to import from countries that are friendlier and closer to home.
Figures released Wednesday by the U.S. Commerce Department show that the value of goods imported to the United States from Mexico rose nearly 5 percent from 2022 to 2023, to more than $475 billion. At the same time, the value of Chinese imports imports tumbled 20 percent to $427 billion.
Economic relations between the United States and China have severely deteriorated in recent years as Beijing has fought aggressively on trade and made ominous military gestures in the Far East. The Trump administration began imposing tariffs on Chinese imports in 2018, arguing that Beijing’s trade practices violated global trade rules.
President Joe Biden retained those tariffs after taking office in 2021, making clear that antagonism toward China would be a rare area of common ground for Democrats and Republicans.
As an alternative to offshoring production to China, which U.S. corporations had long engaged in, the Biden administration has urged companies to seek suppliers in allied countries (“friend-shoring”) or to return manufacturing to the United States (“reshoring”). Supply-chain disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic also led U.S. companies to seek supplies closer to the United States (“near-shoring”).
Mexico has been among the beneficiaries of the shift away from reliance on Chinese factories. But the picture is more complicated than it might seem. Some Chinese manufacturers have established factories in Mexico to exploit the benefits of the 3-year-old U.S.-Mexico-Canada Trade Agreement, which allows for duty-free trade in North America for many products.
Overall, the U.S. deficit in the trade of goods with the rest of the world — the gap between the value of what the United States sells and what it buys abroad — narrowed 10 percent last year to $1.06 trillion.
Chiang Mai Flower Festival unveils a feast for the eyes, expects 1m visitors
SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 04, 2024. Thailand
Chiang Mai Governor Nirat Pongsitthaworn said that the flower festival was one of the major annual events in the province. This festival has been celebrated continuously for a long time and stands as the only festival of its kind in Thailand.
The event features beautifully adorned floral floats, incorporating various flowers and plants to create visually stunning parade vehicles. When combined with various forms of art, cultural traditions, and distinctive performances representing the identity of the people of Chiang Mai, the flower festival has become well-known among both Thai and international tourists.
“The Chiang Mai Flower Festival serves as a valuable cultural asset and a significant soft power for the province. It plays a crucial role in enhancing cultural richness and continuing the legacy of organising events. The festival aims to evolve into a globally recognised celebration, serving as a key magnet to attract both Thai and international tourists. This strategic approach contributes to the further development of tourism potential and economic value for the province of Chiang Mai,” he added.
This year’s event features a spectacular parade of floats, with a total of 25 entries from various public and private sector organisations. Each procession is elaborately adorned with a diverse array of flowers, creating large and beautiful displays. Tourists have the opportunity to admire and photograph all participating floats at the Nong Buak Haad Public Park.
Chiang Mai has transformed a 12-rai (1.92 hectares) area into a vibrant space filled with a variety of flowers, creating a lively and fragrant atmosphere.
The entire area is adorned with meticulously crafted flower sculptures and illuminated artworks, showcasing winter flowers from both Thailand and abroad. Featured flowers include tulips, spray roses, lilies, hydrangeas, and even rare orchids, providing photo opportunities in the form of flower fields and flower stalls. The event is divided into eight zones, creating a visual spectacle at an estimated budget of over 20 million baht.
New research shows babies use immune system differently, but efficiently
Scientists have long believed that a newborn’s immune system was an immature version of an adult’s, but new research from Cornell University shows that newborns’ T cells—white blood cells that protect from disease—outperform those of adults at fighting off numerous infections.
This discovery was described in a paper published in Science Immunology on Feb. 23, co-led by Brian Rudd, associate professor of microbiology and immunology, and Andrew Grimson, professor of molecular biology and genetics.
For example, adult T cells outperform newborn T cells at tasks including recognizing antigens, forming immunological memory and responding to repeat infections, which has led to the belief that infant’s T cells were just a weaker version of the adult ones. But during the COVID-19 pandemic, many were surprised by the apparent lack of illness in infants, bringing this long-standing belief into question.
Interested in understanding these age-related differences, Rudd and Grimson discovered that newborn T cells are not deficient: Instead, they are involved in a part of the immune system that does not require antigen recognition: the innate arm of the immune system. While adult T cells use adaptive immunity—recognizing specific germs to then fight them later—newborn T cells are activated by proteins associated with innate immunity, the part of the immune system that offers rapid but nonspecific protection against microbes the body has never encountered.
Bridging Cultures and Minds: The Transformative Impact of Mother Tongue Integration in Curriculum Design
20 February 2024
UNESCO-IBE’s vision of the curriculum embraces local culture, values, and endogenous knowledge. Mother-tongue learning is an integral part of this approach.
Beyond cultural benefits, employing the mother tongue and local languages as the medium of instruction in education has proved to be one of the most effective ways to accelerate the acquisition of knowledge, foster skills development, and enhance the overall quality of learning outcomes.
UNESCO-IBE’s vision of the curriculum embraces local culture, values, and endogenous knowledge so that learners can learn and connect with different cultures while recognizing universal values and nurturing their local and global citizenship. Mother-tongue learning and multilingualism are an integral part of this approach.
Multilingualism has been a feature of particular importance and complexity in Africa, where school dropouts have been cited due to a lack of opportunity to learn in their mother tongue. UNESCO’s General History of Africa (GHA) initiative recognizes the need to revisit the colonial legacy of Africa’s education systems and incorporate language and culture to transform education across the continent. This shared effort ensures that the rich heritage of Africa’s history is integrated, acknowledged and celebrated, aligning with the aspirations of the Member States of the African Union.
Farmers in Alberta face growing risk of soil erosion events as drought persists
By Amanda Stephenson The Canadian Press
Posted January 22, 2024
Nearly a century after the mass agricultural disaster known as the Dirty ’30s, drought conditions on the Prairies are once again raising the risk that farmers’ valuable topsoil will go blowing in the wind.
Across southern Alberta, severe erosion events have been increasing in frequency and severity in recent years. In Lethbridge County, dry and windy conditions have been known to stir up dust clouds, obscuring the vision of drivers on local roads and filling irrigation canals to the brim with dirt.The drifting soil also reduces agricultural productivity, both by removing nutrients from the field where it blows from, and by spreading weeds and damaging crops where it lands.
“It’s pretty obvious when land blows. It fills the ditches; there’s literally drifts of soil,” said Ken Coles, executive director of the non-profit Farming Smarter.
Coles, who also has a farm in the Lethbridge area, got a first-hand taste of it a few years ago when strong winds picked up the top layer of a neighbours’ field that had been weakened by drought and recent tilling, depositing more than two feet of soil onto his own land.
“If you have a vulnerable field, as soon as particles of soil start moving, there’s a chain reaction. The next thing you know you’ve got the whole field moving,” Coles said.
“It’s a very extreme example of aerial soil erosion, something we saw much more in the ’30s. But it is still happening.”
During the 1930s, drought conditions and poor farming practices coalesced to set the stage for brutal dust storms across much of North America’s agricultural regions.
These storms were capable of turning the sky black in the middle of the day as millions of acres of topsoil were lifted into the sky, destroying crops and harming livestock.
Currently, 81 per cent of Canada’s agricultural landscape is classified as either abnormally dry or in moderate-to-severe drought conditions, according to federal government mapping.
When drought causes crops to fail, there isn’t enough residual plant life leftover on fields in the early spring to hold down the topsoil, said Henry Chau, a Lethbridge-based research scientist for Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Once the soil does start to blow, it can create a vicious cycle. The top layer of soil on a field is usually the most productive, Chau said, so losing it makes additional crop failures more likely.
Soil loss also makes it harder for the land to absorb the precipitation that does fall, thereby perpetuating the drought cycle.
What are space nukes, the ‘indiscriminate’ satellite weapon raising tensions between Washington and Moscow?
A fresh spat between Washington and Moscow has raised alarm about the potential risk of a space-based nuclear satellite attack which could cause chaos to critical communications systems on Earth.
Russia denied U.S. claims that it was developing a space-based anti-satellite nuclear weapon, with President Vladimir Putin saying Tuesday that the Kremlin was “categorically against” the deployment of nuclear weapons in space, and accusing the White House of scaring lawmakers into passing a new aid package for Ukraine.
It comes after a Reuters report emerged earlier Tuesday, citing one source, that said the U.S. believes Moscow is developing a space nuke whose detonation could knock out the satellites underpinning critical U.S. infrastructure, including military communications and mobile phone services. CNBC could not independently verify the report.
President Joe Biden later said Moscow appears to be developing an anti-satellite weapon but noted that it posed no urgent “nuclear threat” to the U.S. people, and said that he hoped Russia would not deploy it. However, one source familiar with the matter told Bloomberg that such a capability could be launched into orbit as soon as this year.
Analysts told CNBC that the deployment of such a weapon could cause “indiscriminate” damage, reaping havoc on the systems on which people rely for everyday services such as payments, GPS navigation and even the weather.
“Space is integral to our daily lives, whether we realize it or not,” said Kari Bingen, director of the aerospace security project and senior fellow in the international security program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
What are space nukes and what disruption could they cause?
Space-based anti-satellite nuclear weapons — or so-called space nukes — are a type of weapon designed to damage or destroy satellite systems. That might be for strategic purposes, for instance to incapacitate an opponent’s military operations, or disruptive aims, such as disabling civilian telecoms infrastructure.
A space nuke could be deployed either from Earth or from space, ultimately creating a huge electromagnetic pulse, or electrical surge, which could destroy satellites and fry electronic systems. The release of radiation into the Earth’s magnetic field could also degrade space-based satellites over time — though it is unlikely that radiation would cause direct harm to humans.
“It’s an indiscriminate weapon,” Bingen said. “Detonation would be omnidirectional.”
Israel’s PM Netanyahu lays out Gaza plan for after the war
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has laid out his vision for a post-war Gaza.
Under his plan Israel would control security indefinitely, and Palestinians with no links to groups hostile to Israel would run the territory.
The US, Israel’s major ally, wants the West Bank-based Palestinian Authority (PA) to govern Gaza after the war.
But the short document – which Mr Netanyahu presented to ministers last night – makes no mention of the PA.
He has previously ruled out a post-war role for the internationally backed body.
He envisages a “demilitarised” Gaza; Israel would be responsible for removing all military capability beyond that necessary for public order.
There would be a “Southern Closure” on the territory’s border with Egypt to prevent smuggling both under- and overground.
And “de-radicalisation” programmes would be promoted in all religious, educational and welfare institutions. The document suggests Arab countries with experience of such programmes would be involved, though Mr Netanyahu has not specified which.
Why is the Gaza war happening?
Under the plan Israel would also maintain security control over the entire area west of Jordan from land, sea and air.
Mr Netanyahu has been under pressure – at home and internationally – to publish proposals for Gaza since he began his military operation. He is keen to restore a crumbling reputation as a leader who can keep Israel safe and will want to appeal to right wing hardliners in his coalition government.
Mr Netanyahu repeated his rejection of any unilateral recognition by Western countries of a Palestinian state.
On Friday US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said the US was opposed to any reoccupation of Gaza by Israel as well as any reduction in the size of the territory.
“Gaza… cannot be a platform for terrorism. There should be no Israeli reoccupation of Gaza. The size of Gaza territory should not be reduced,” he said at a G20 ministers meeting in Argentina.
Meanwhile negotiators trying to broker a temporary ceasefire and the release of Israeli hostages are expected to meet in Paris.
The US wants a deal in place before the Muslim holy month of Ramadan begins in just over a fortnight.
And, as the humanitarian situation worsens in Gaza, there is international pressure too for the war to end. The Hamas-run Ministry of Health reports that more than 29,500 people, mostly women and children, have been killed since the war began in October.
सिंगापुर में आनंद मार्ग प्रचारक संघ के वरिष्ठ सन्यासी आचार्य स्वरूपानंद अवधूत का निधन
सिंगापुर:आनंद मार्ग प्रचारक संघ के वरिष्ठ सन्यासी आचार्य स्वरूपानंद अवधूत का निधन आज सिंगापुर में आनंद मार्ग के अनुयायियों के बीच आध्यात्मिक उद्बोधन के पश्चात अचानक उनका निधन हृदय गति रुक जाने के कारण हो गया।
आनंद मार्ग की स्थापना 1955 में हुई थी। स्थापना काल से ही आनंद मार्ग के संस्थापक श्री श्री आनंदमूर्ति जी के आध्यात्मिक प्रेरणादायक विचारों से प्रभावित होकर आचार्य स्वरूपानंद अवधूत सन्यास धर्म को अपनाए ।आनंद मार्ग संस्था में उनका परिचय आचार्य स्वरूपानंद अवधूत के नाम से हुआ । आनंद मार्ग के हेड क्वार्टर आनंद नगर में उन्होंने 1975 में स्वर्गीय इंदिरा गांधी की सरकार के आपातकाल के दौरान दमनकारी नीति से नष्ट किए गए ,आनंद मार्ग के स्कूल ,कॉलेज को आचार्य स्वरूपानंद अवधूत ने पुनः स्थापित किया था ।इस दौरान वामपंथियों का भी कहर जारी था, परंतु यह एक ऐसे वीर सन्यासी थे की आनंदनगर कभी नहीं छोड़ा संघर्ष करते रहे । शिक्षा के जलाए हुए दीपक को कभी बुझाने नहीं दिए । पुरुलिया जिले के आनंदनगर काफी पिछड़ा इलाका है। हजारों बच्चों को शिक्षित कर उनके जीवन को संवारने में इनका बहुत बड़ा योगदान है ।आनंद मार्ग गुरुकुल यूनिवर्सिटी के उप कुलपति भी थे ।हाल ही में उन्होंने आनंद मार्ग के मुख्यालय आनंद नगर में बीएड कॉलेज की स्थापना की थी ।बहुत ही मृदु भाषी सन्यासी थे।पिछले दिनों सिंगापुर धर्म प्रचार के लिए गए हुए थे। वही अचानक उनका निधन आनंद मार्ग के उपस्थित भक्तों के बीच हो गया।
इस घटना से पूरा आनंद मार्ग विश्व परिवार शोक में है । इनके निधन से संस्था को बहुत बड़ी क्षति है।
Ac Swaroopanand Avadhur dadaji at GPIF platform on the occasion of GP Day
February 17, 2024
In Today’s Troubled World, Building Peace ‘Humanity’s Greatest Responsibility’, Secretary-General Stresses, Outlining Organization’s Priorities for 2024
Following is UN Secretary-General António Guterres’ briefing to the General Assembly meeting on the priorities of the Organization for 2024, in New York, Feb 7th.
Our Organization was founded on the pursuit of peace. Peace is our raison d’être. Yet as I scan the landscape of today’s world, the one thing missing most dramatically is peace. And by that, I mean peace in all its dimensions.
As conflicts rage and geopolitical divisions grow, peace in our world is threatened. As polarization deepens and human rights are trampled, peace within communities is undermined. As inequalities explode, peace with justice is shattered. As we continue our addiction to fossil fuels, we make a mockery of any notion of peace with nature.
Around the globe, and across the range of issues, peace is the missing piece. People want peace and security. People want peace and dignity. And, frankly, they want peace and quiet.
There is so much anger and hate and noise in our world today. Every day and at every turn, it seems — it’s war. Terrible conflicts that are killing and maiming civilians in record numbers. Wars of words. Turf wars. Culture wars.
So many peddling the perverse math that says you multiply support by dividing people. This is especially troubling in a year when half of humanity will go to the polls.
Meanwhile, more and more families are falling behind. More and more countries are drowning in debt. More and more people are losing trust in institutions and faith in the political process.
Peace is the way out of these interlinked crises. Peace is more than a noble vision. Peace is a rallying cry. It is a call to action. Our obligation is to act together for peace in all its dimensions.
Despite the turbulence of our times, there are reasons for hope. At the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Summit, world leaders endorsed an SDG Stimulus and the need for far-reaching reforms of the international financial architecture.
Countries also reached agreement last year on the High Seas Treaty to protect precious marine biodiversity from pollution and overfishing. We are making some headway on climate justice. The loss and damage fund — provided that it is well-resourced — will help vulnerable countries recover from the impacts of extreme weather.
The Security Council agreed to our years-long call to back peace enforcement and counter-terrorism operations led by regional partners, notably the African Union, with mandates from the Council and supported by assessed contributions. The new High Level Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence launched a global conversation on how this all-pervading technology can benefit us all. Looking ahead, at the Summit of the Future in September, we have a chance to shape multilateralism for years to come.
For reading full article, press following link
https://press.un.org/en/2024/sgsm22127.doc.htm
What you need to know about culture and arts education
15 February 2024
Dance and music lessons. School trips to museums. Dialogue with indigenous peoples. Crafts transmitted from a generation to another. Theatre festivals, web design courses and fashion workshops. These are just some of the many shapes and forms that connect education and culture. Together, they help us appreciate the beauty, diversity and complexity of the world, acquire essential skills and behaviours to thrive and build bridges between peoples and nations, today and tomorrow.
Despite the obvious essential linkages between culture and education, they are still not sufficiently integrated into education policies and school curricula in many countries globally. These two fields are often considered as separate policy entities and trajectories. Culture and arts education, the result of the two complementary ecosystems, has the potential to bridge this gap.
UNESCO convened the World Conference on Culture and Arts Education in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates from 13 to 15 February 2024 where the first-ever global framework in this area was adopted. Here is what you need to know about this essential issue.
Why is culture and arts education essential?
Learners engaged in culture and arts education have better academic and non-academic learning outcomes. Engagement in various art forms, such as music, dance, and visual arts, can enhance academic achievements, reading skills, creative and critical thinking, agility and collaboration skills. Engagement in such education also correlates with improved attendance, stress reduction, resilience, perseverance, and classroom behaviours.
Culture and arts education expands the essence of learning and makes it fun by going beyond classrooms and traditional educational approaches from lifelong learning, to technical and vocational education and training (TVET). The theatre stage can be a learning space, NFT art can be a promising career, and indigenous ways of knowing and being can, and should, find their way in the curriculum.
Culture and arts education makes learning meaningful by connecting rural with urban, local with global. It plays a crucial role in valorizing and preserving one’s own culture, heritage and traditions while at the same time reflecting on them in the modern world, in the digital era, understanding everyone’s contribution and uniqueness.
USDA launches climate corps to advance sustainable agriculture
Published Feb. 13, 2024
The Biden administration will mobilize more than 100 young people in partnership with Americorps to help farmers improve soil health and adopt climate-smart production practices.
The Biden administration is recruiting the next generation of conservation leaders to advance regenerative agriculture and other climate-smart farming practices across U.S. farms.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture on Monday said it will create paid service opportunities for more than 100 young people to promote sustainable agriculture as part of the Working Lands Climate Corps.
The initiative is part of the American Climate Corps, an effort to train more than 20,000 young people and prepare them for careers in a clean energy economy.
Millions of Americans were put to work in the 1930s to restore the nation’s public lands as part of the Civilian Conservation Corps. Now the Biden administration hopes to revive central components of the program to create workforce opportunities for a new generation.
Participants of the Working Lands Climate Corps will conduct outreach and educate farmers about the availability of assistance programs to help transition to climate-smart agriculture.
“USDA’s Working Lands Climate Corps demonstrates how the President’s historic initiative is on the frontlines of addressing some of the most urgent challenges facing our agricultural communities,” Ali Zaidi, national climate advisor to President Joe Biden, said in a statement, “ensuring that farmers and ranchers continue to play a central and growing role in developing innovative climate solutions.”
The first cohort of members will serve with state and local organizations that support the adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices. The National Association of Conservation Districts will organize trainings for corps members on topics including climate-smart agriculture practices, conservation and resilience planning, environmental justice and outreach to farmers and rural communities.
USDA is one of the seven agencies that signed a memorandum of understanding to create the American Climate Corps, an initiative which puts young people on the path to jobs in conservation, clean energy and climate resilience. More than 50,000 young people have expressed interest in the climate corps program since it was announced in September.
One of the worst methane leaks ever recorded took place last year at a remote well in Kazakhstan, new analysis shared with BBC Verify has shown.
It is estimated that 127,000 tonnes of the gas escaped when a blowout started a fire that raged for over six months.
Methane is much more potent a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
Buzachi Neft, the company that owns the well, denies a “substantial amount” of methane was leaked.
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Greenhouse Gas Equivalency Calculator, the environmental impact of such a leak is comparable to that of driving more than 717,000 petrol cars for a year.
The leak began on 9 June 2023, when a blowout was reported during drilling at an exploration well in the Mangistau region, southwestern Kazakhstan, starting a fire that raged continuously until the end of the year.
It was only brought under control on 25 December 2023. Local authorities told the BBC work is currently being carried out to seal the well with cement.
Natural gas is primarily made of methane, a gas that is transparent to the human eye.
This particular methane leak was first investigated by the French geoanalytics firm Kayrros. Their analysis has now been verified by the Netherlands Institute for Space Research and the Polytechnic University of Valencia, in Spain.
Looking at the satellite data, scientists found high concentrations of methane were visible on 115 separate occasions between June and December.
Based on those readings, they concluded that 127,000 tonnes of methane escaped from this single well.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-68166298
How a Simple Tool Is Saving Lives of Children with Cancer in Latin America
, by Nadia Jaber
Advances in the treatment of childhood cancer have led to remarkable progress. In high-income countries like the United States, more than 80% of children with cancer survive their disease.
In stark contrast, however, only 20% of children with cancer in lower-income countries survive their disease. Close to one-third of those deaths are caused not by the cancer, but by complications from the treatmentExit Disclaimer such as severe infections, organ failure, and hemorrhage.
But an international team led by St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital is hoping to change that statistic in Latin America with a simple tool called a pediatric early warning system (PEWS). The warning system identifies children who are suffering from severe treatment-related complications and guides the clinical team through the next steps for care.
Early warning systems “are pretty ubiquitously used in hospitals that care for children in high-resource settings. But, prior to our work, [PEWS] were very underused in resource-limited settings,” said Asya Agulnik, M.D., M.P.H., director of the global critical care program at St. Jude.
Through a program called Proyecto Escala de Valoración de Alerta Temprana (EVAT), Dr. Agulnik and the team have supported implementation of an early warning system in nearly 100 hospitals across Latin America and Spain.
The results have been consistent and extremely positive: the early warning system has helped save the lives of many children hospitalized with cancer.
“Childrens’ health conditions were deteriorating, and we didn’t know until they were in critical condition,” said one nurse at a hospital in Ecuador. “But with [PEWS] everything changed … [now] we don’t wait until it’s too late” to escalate their care.
But will these hospitals continue to use the early warning system long-term?
That’s a critical question because only long-term use of tools like PEWS “results in truly beneficial progress,” said Marie Ricciardone, Ph.D., a program director in NCI’s Center for Global Health.
Through a 7-year project funded by NCI, a team of researchers at St. Jude and Washington University aim to learn what factors help keep the early warning system in use at low-resource hospitals in Latin America. And once they understand what makes PEWS stick, the funding will also help them develop strategies to keep the tool in use at hospitals that are struggling to maintain it.
There’s been very little research on what promotes sustained use of effective programs and tools, noted Virginia McKay, Ph.D., of Washington University in St. Louis, the project’s co-leader.
And even less is known about sustaining health programs and tools in low-resource settings, Dr. McKay explained. But sustainability is especially important in that context because the initial investment for implementing a new program or tool is typically expensive, she argued.
“In low-resource settings, you may only get one opportunity every once in a while to do something new because the resources are so constrained. So, it’s really important that [the new program or tool] is sustainable,” Dr. McKay explained.
“If [the new project is] successful, it has the potential to really remarkably change the outcomes for pediatric cancer in Latin America,” emphasized Dr. Ricciardone, who oversees the study’s funding.
Deaths related to cancer treatment
Childhood cancer is an unforgiving disease that, in many cases, requires intense and harsh treatment. Doctors strive to give each child enough treatment to knock the cancer out for good, but not so much that the child’s body is irreparably harmed.
It’s a delicate balancing act that isn’t always achieved. Sometimes, complications from the treatment can tragically take a child’s life.
While such deaths are a rare occurrence in high-income countries, they are a significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries, where there are few medical facilities and specialized resources to meet the unique needs of children with cancer.
Watch India launch powerful weather satellite to orbit on Feb. 17
Liftoff is scheduled for 17:00 hour IST on Saturday (Feb. 17).
India’s INSAT-3DS weather and disaster-warning satellite is seen shortly before its encapsulation into the payload fairing of its GLSV rocket. (Image credit: ISRO via X)
If all goes according to plan on Saturday, the three-stage GSLV will deploy INSAT-3DS into geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO). The satellite will then make its own way to geostationary orbit, which lies 22,236 miles (35,786 kilometers) above Earth.
At this altitude, satellites complete one orbit in the same amount of time it takes our planet to spin once around its axis (one Earth day). Geostationary spacecraft therefore seem to “hover” over the same patch of ground, making this a popular orbit for telecommunications and weather satellites.
INSAT-3DS falls into the latter category. The satellite, which was funded by India’s Ministry of Earth Sciences, “is designed for enhanced meteorological observations and monitoring of land and ocean surfaces for weather forecasting and disaster warning,” ISRO officials wrote in a mission description.
“The satellite will augment the meteorological services along with the presently operational INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR satellites,” they added.
Japan’s economy unexpectedly slips into recession, hurt by weak domestic demand
Japan’s economy dipped into a technical recession, after unexpectedly contracting again in the October-December period, provisional government data showed Thursday. High inflation crimped domestic demand and private consumption in what’s now the world’s fourth-largest economy.
The latest gross domestic product print complicates the case for interest rate normalization for Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda and fiscal policy support for Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida. It also means Germany took Japan’s place as the third-largest economy in the world last year in dollar terms.
Provisional gross domestic product contracted 0.4% in the fourth quarter compared with a year ago, after a revised 3.3% slump in the July-September period. This was way below the median estimate for 1.4% growth in a Reuters poll among economists. The GDP deflator in the fourth quarter stood at 3.8% on an annualized basis.
The Japanese economy also contracted 0.1% in the fourth quarter from the previous quarter, after shrinking a revised 0.8% in the third quarter from the second. This was also weaker than expectations for 0.3% expansion.
“Whether Japan has now entered a recession is debatable, though,” Marcel Thieliant, Capital Economics’ head of Asia-Pacific, wrote in a client note.
“While job vacancies have weakened, the unemployment rate dropped to an eleven-month low of 2.4% in December. What’s more, the Bank of Japan’s Tankan survey showed that business conditions across all industries and firm sizes were the strongest they’ve been since 2018 in Q4,” he added.
“Either way, growth is set to remain sluggish this year as the household savings rate has turned negative,” Thieliant said.
High inflation, weak domestic demand
Private consumption declined 0.2% in the fourth quarter from the previous quarter, in contrast to the median estimate for a 0.1% expansion.
While inflation has been gradually slowing, the so-called “core core inflation” — inflation minus food and energy prices — has exceeded BOJ’s 2% target for 15 straight months now. Still, the BOJ has “patiently continued” with the last negative-rate regime in the world.
The exact number of casualties is impossible to establish, with both sides giving little information about their losses, to avoid undermining morale among the troops and wider public.
In two years of war in Ukraine since the Russian invasion on February 24, 2022, tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians have lost their lives.
The exact number of casualties is impossible to establish, with both sides giving little information about their losses, to avoid undermining morale among the troops and wider public.
The UN’s human rights office said in mid-January it had confirmed the deaths of 10,382 civilians in Ukraine and a further 19,659 injured since Russia’s invasion but that the real number was likely higher.
The number of civilian casualties increased significantly in December 2023 and January 2024 compared with previous months, reversing a trend of decreasing civilian casualties earlier in the year, it said.
Nearly 8,000 of the deaths were in Ukraine-controlled territory and more than 2,000 in zones occupied by Russia.
Ukraine’s national police has recorded nearly 10,000 civilian deaths, along with 7,000 missing and 11,000 injured in the territory it controls, according to an official on January 31.
But Ukrainian authorities say thousands more civilians were killed during the siege of the southern port city of Mariupol in the early months of war, before it was taken over by Russia.
A town hall official told Ukrainian television in February 2023 that at least 25,000 civilians had been buried in mass graves there.
Across the Russian border, at least 138 civilians have been killed, according to the Russian news site 7×7.
‘Hundreds of thousands’ of soldiers
The military on both sides has kept its casualty figures under wraps due to their sensitivity.
The last official figures date back to mid-2022 and are therefore to be treated with caution.
Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said in September 2022 that 5,937 Russian soldiers had been killed.
According to Kyiv, by August 2022, 9,000 Ukrainian troops had been killed.
All estimates since have come from foreign intelligence services.
In August 2023, the New York Times quoted US officials as putting Ukraine’s military losses at 70,000 dead and between 100,000 and 120,000 injured.
The report cited them as estimating 120,000 dead and between 170,000 and 180,000 injured on the Russian side.
On January 29 in a written response to a parliamentary question UK Armed Forces minister James Heappey put the Russian losses at more than 350,000 dead and injured.
On February 8 the Ukrainian army estimated it had killed or injured more than 392,000 Russian troops since the invasion.
Kyiv does not specify whether the tolls include losses among pro-Russian separatists in eastern Ukraine and mercenaries from the Wagner paramilitary group or just the Russian army.
Israel’s war against Hamas, now in its fifth month, has devastated Gaza’s hospitals
February 14, 2024
JERUSALEM: The war between Israel and Hamas, now in its fifth month, has devastated hospitals in the Gaza Strip, with less than half of them only partially functioning as Israel’s daily bombardments kill and wound scores of people. Israel accuses the militants of using hospitals and other civilian buildings as cover.
Palestinians began evacuating the main hospital in the southern Gaza town of Khan Younis, according to videos shared by medics on Wednesday. The Israeli military said it had opened a secure route to allow civilians to leave the hospital, while medics and patients could remain inside.
The number of Palestinians killed during the war in Gaza has surpassed 28,000 people, according to the Health Ministry in Gaza. A quarter of Gaza’s residents are starving.
The United States, which has provided crucial military and diplomatic support to Israel, has been working with Qatar and Egypt to try and broker a cease-fire and the return of the remaining 130 Israeli hostages held by Hamas in Gaza, around a fourth of whom are believed to be dead.
However, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu blamed Hamas for making unrealistic demands during cease-fire negotiations in Cairo. His remarks late Wednesday came hours after local media reported Netanyahu ordered an Israeli delegation not to return to the talks.
Smoke rises over an industrial site in Avdiivka on Feb 17th.
“Avdiivka is at risk of falling into Russian control,” National Security Council spokesman John Kirby said, citing Ukraine’s ammunition shortages.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky vowed to do everything to “save as many Ukrainian lives as possible”.
Russian troops have made gains in Avdiivka, threatening to encircle it.
The town – which has been almost completely destroyed – is seen as a gateway to nearby Donetsk, the regional Ukrainian capital seized by Russian-backed fighters in 2014 and later illegitimately annexed by Moscow.
Russian President Vladimir Putin launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022.
At Thursday’s briefing in Washington, Mr Kirby said Avdiivka could fall largely “because the Ukrainian forces on the ground are running out of artillery ammunition”.
“Russia is sending wave after wave of conscript forces to attack Ukrainian positions,” he said.
“And because Congress has yet to pass the supplemental bill, we have not been able to provide Ukraine with the artillery shells that they desperately need to disrupt these Russian assaults.
Famine expert Alex de Waal on Israel’s starvation of Gaza
BOSTON, United States
While there hasn’t been an official declaration, famine is already taking place in parts of the Gaza Strip, UN officials said this week. It has arrived with unprecedented speed, as Israel has laid total siege to the enclave for more than three months and carried out a massive bombing campaign that has destroyed much of the infrastructure needed to sustain life.
The deliberate starvation of civilians is a war crime, and the allegation that Israel is creating the risk of death from starvation in Gaza is central to the case being brought by South Africa at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) accusing Israel of genocide.
To better understand the hunger situation in Gaza, The New Humanitarian sat down with Alex de Waal, executive director of the World Peace Foundation at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in the US, and an expert of famine and humanitarian crises.
As starvation and deadly disease outbreaks spread, UN agencies are calling for a fundamental change in the amount of aid entering Gaza as well as increased access and safety guarantees from Israel to allow humanitarian activities to take place inside the territory.
But even if there is a massive increase in the amount of assistance entering Gaza, the dire conditions are “not something that can be turned around overnight”, de Waal said. And if the aid delivery and access situation isn’t soon reversed, “it won’t be long before children, young children, start dying in large numbers of hunger and disease,” he added.
Israel’s war in Gaza has exposed a deepening global divide
When members of the legal team representing South Africa in its case against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) arrived home this week, they were mobbed like rockstars by a crowd gathered at an airport in Johannesburg, waving South African and Palestinian flags.
Reactions from the Global North to the ICJ case have been mixed. While some nations have maintained a cautious diplomatic stance, others, particularly Israel’s staunchest allies in the West, have criticized South Africa’s move.
The US has stood by Israel through the war by continuing to ship arms to it, opposing a ceasefire, and vetoing many UN Security Council resolutions that aimed to bring a halt to the fighting. The Biden administration has rubbished the claim that Israel is committing genocide as “meritless,” while the UK has refused to back South Africa.
“The Israel-Gaza war and its subsequent events like this case are highlighting growing fissures between the once dominant West and its key allies like Israel and emerging powers gathered around BRICS states like South Africa,” Remi Adekoya, a political lecturer at the University of York in England, told CNN.
Much of the non-Western world opposes the war in Gaza; China has joined the 22-member Arab League in calling for a ceasefire, while several Latin American nations have expelled Israeli diplomats in protest, and several Asian and African countries have joined Muslim and Arab nations in backing South Africa’s case against Israel at the ICJ.
Israel sided with the West against Soviet-backed Arab regimes during the Cold War, and Western countries largely view it “as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club,” he added. “Some of this explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive.”
A fire in the dormitory of a kindergarten and elementary school in central China killed 13 people, Chinese state-owned news media reported on Saturday.
A 14th person was being treated for injuries in a hospital after the fire broke out on Friday night, China Central Television said. Firefighters were called at 11 p.m., and the blaze was extinguished by 11:38, according to the television report, which also said that the head of the school had been taken into custody. The CCTV report provided no further details, including whether any of the dead were children.
A teacher from the school told an online media outlet, Zonglan News, that all the victims were in the same third-grade class. It did not give the teacher’s name.
The spark that ignited the flames here was probably the publication of the latest consultation on the Sustainable Farming Scheme.
This is the Welsh government’s big plan for funding the industry after Brexit – which puts a lot more emphasis on the environment.
In order to gain access to the scheme, farmers will have to commit to planting 10% of their land with trees, and earmark another 10% as wildlife habitat.
Arguing that this isn’t practical while keeping a farm business going, many are concerned that the other requirements of the scheme will overwhelm them with paperwork.
On the other hand, the government is also under pressure from environmentalists to ensure that the plan is ambitious.
As 80% of Wales’ landscape is under the care of farmers, the argument is that they have a key role to play in helping the effort to tackle climate change and the losses in nature.
For more details please read full article at
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-68254174
Scientists at C3S said the global mean temperature for the past 12 months (February 2023-January 2024) was the highest on record and 1.52° Celsius above the 1850-1900 pre-industrial average
Every month since June last year has been the warmest such month on record.
The world last month experienced the warmest January on record, with the global mean temperature for the past 12 months exceeding the 1.5° Celsius threshold, according to the European climate agency.
However, this does not imply a permanent breach of the 1.5-degree Celsius limit specified in the Paris agreement, as it refers to long-term warming over many years.
Scientists attribute the exceptional warming to the combined effects of El Niño — a period of abnormal warming of surface waters in the central Pacific Ocean — and human-caused climate change.
Paris agreement
In 2015, countries agreed in Paris to limit the average temperature rise to well below 2° Celsius, and preferably to 1.5° Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels (1850-1900), to avoid worsening climate impacts.
Multiple reports suggest that the world is significantly off track to limit global warming to 1.5° Celsius. To achieve this goal, countries together need to cut down the emissions of planet-warming greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane by 43% by 2030.
In a disheartening turn of events, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory has announced that it’s laying off about 8% of its workforce. That means that about 530 JPL employees will be let go, along with about 40 employees of the Lab’s contractors. That sucks for the people being let go, but the bigger concern for the rest of us is what will happen to upcoming missions like Mars Sample Return (MSR)?
These layoffs have nothing to do with the individuals affected or with JPL’s activities. It’s all budget wrangling, something that is a near-constant in a democracy. There’s only so much money, and there’s always an excess of things to spend it on.
In this case, NASA has passed on funding constraints to JPL, and while JPL has tried to manage them, the result is this announcement.
“After exhausting all other measures to adjust to a lower budget from NASA, and in the absence of an FY24 appropriation from Congress, we have had to make the difficult decision to reduce the JPL workforce through layoffs,” a statement from JPL explained.
Without a Fiscal Year 2024 appropriation, there isn’t enough money in NASA’s budget to keep everything going. In fact, NASA and JPL have been waiting for an appropriation of some kind of final word on 2024 funding for the MSR mission but haven’t received any clear indication. JPL has been dealing with the uncertainty by streamlining operations and making changes in the last several months, but now they say their hand is forced.
“While we still do not have an FY24 appropriation or the final word from Congress on our Mars Sample Return (MSR) budget allocation, we are now in a position where we must take further significant action to reduce our spending, which will result in layoffs of JPL employees and an additional release of contractors,” said JPL’s statement.
China’s central bank encourages local businesses to accept foreign payment cards
BEIJING — China is encouraging banks and local businesses to accept foreign bank cards and is considering other steps to make mobile pay for international visitors even easier, said Zhang Qingsong, deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China.
“Banks and vendors (such as hotels, restaurants, department stores and even coffee shops) are encouraged to accept foreign bankcards,” Zhang said.
His written comments, exclusive to CNBC, come as Beijing has stepped up efforts to encourage visits from foreign tourists and business people. In the last few months, authorities have enacted visa-free travel policies for residents of several European and Southeast Asian countries — after stringent border controls during the pandemic.
Mobile pay took off in China in the last several years. But while it’s been convenient for locals to scan a QR code with a smartphone to pay, financial system restrictions have also meant foreigners often found it difficult to make payments. Shopping malls have increasingly preferred not to accept foreign credit cards.
But that’s started to change in recent months.
Last summer, the two dominant mobile pay apps WeChat and AliPay started allowing verified users to connect their international credit cards — such as those from Visa. Tencent owns WeChat, while AliPay is operated by Alibaba affiliate Ant Group.
“We are fully aware that foreign visitors care very much about their privacy,” Zhang said “We take this issue seriously and have put in place measures for information protection.”
“Now, when using Alipay or WeChat Pay, foreign visitors do not need to provide ID information if their total annual transaction volume is under $500,” he said. “It is estimated that over 80% transactions are below this threshold. We are also looking at the possibility of raising the $500 threshold in the future.”
Putin, in Rare U.S. Interview, Says Russia Has no Interest in Attacking Poland or Latvia
By David Ljunggren, Ronald Popeski and David Brunnstrom
12:04 JST, February 9, 2024
Feb 8 (Reuters) – Russian President Vladimir Putin said in an interview that aired on Thursday that Russia will fight for its interests but has no interest in expanding its war in Ukraine to other countries such as Poland and Latvia.
Putin made the comment in a more than two-hour interview with Tucker Carlson, his first with an American journalist since before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine nearly two years ago.
Asked if he could imagine a scenario in which he would send Russian troops to Poland, a NATO member. Putin replied:
“Only in one case, if Poland attacks Russia. Why? Because we have no interest in Poland, Latvia or anywhere else. Why would we do that? We simply don’t have any interest.”
whereas, Trump has called for de-escalation of the war in Ukraine, in which the Biden administration has strongly backed the government of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, and complained about the billions of dollars in aid sent so far.
In Today’s Troubled World, Building Peace ‘Humanity’s Greatest Responsibility’, UN Secretary-General Stresses, Outlining Organization’s Priorities for 2024
Following is UN Secretary-General António Guterres’ briefing to the General Assembly meeting on the priorities of the Organization for 2024, in New York.
Our Organization was founded on the pursuit of peace. Peace is our raison d’être. Yet as I scan the landscape of today’s world, the one thing missing most dramatically is peace. And by that, I mean peace in all its dimensions.
As conflicts rage and geopolitical divisions grow, peace in our world is threatened. As polarization deepens and human rights are trampled, peace within communities is undermined. As inequalities explode, peace with justice is shattered. As we continue our addiction to fossil fuels, we make a mockery of any notion of peace with nature.
Around the globe, and across the range of issues, peace is the missing piece. People want peace and security. People want peace and dignity. And, frankly, they want peace and quiet.
There is so much anger and hate and noise in our world today. Every day and at every turn, it seems — it’s war. Terrible conflicts that are killing and maiming civilians in record numbers. Wars of words. Turf wars. Culture wars.
So many peddling the perverse math that says you multiply support by dividing people. This is especially troubling in a year when half of humanity will go to the polls.
Meanwhile, more and more families are falling behind. More and more countries are drowning in debt. More and more people are losing trust in institutions and faith in the political process.
Peace is the way out of these interlinked crises. Peace is more than a noble vision. Peace is a rallying cry. It is a call to action. Our obligation is to act together for peace in all its dimensions.
To read full article press below link
https://press.un.org/en/2024/sgsm22127.doc.htm
That's all for this week. Stay tuned to Navacetana Saturday weekly. Your feedback, Suggestions, Creative criticism is always welcome at navcetana@gmail.com
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February 3, 2024
U.S. hits Iranian proxies in Iraq, Syria in retaliation for deadly strikes
Biden administration escalates military’s effort to deter militias after drone killed U.S. troops in Jordan
The airstrikes, which used more than 125 precision munitions, came at 4 p.m. ET Friday and struck more than 85 targets, U.S. Central Command said in a statement.
“The facilities that were struck included command and control operations, centers, intelligence centers, rockets, and missiles, and unmanned aired vehicle storages, and logistics and munition supply chain facilities of militia groups and their IRGC sponsors who facilitated attacks against U.S. and Coalition forces,” CENTCOM said, referring to Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps.
John Kirby, a spokesman for the National Security Council, told reporters Friday that in all seven facilities used by IRGC and its proxies were hit — three in Iraq and four in Syria. The strikes, he said, occurred over 30 minutes. The Iraqi government was informed beforehand, he said.
In a statement after the strikes, Biden said: “Our response began today. It will continue at times and places of our choosing. The United States does not seek conflict in the Middle East or anywhere else in the world. But let all those who might seek to do us harm know this: If you harm an American, we will respond.”
The U.S. attacks were telegraphed for days. Biden told reporters outside the White House earlier this week he had decided on a response. And lawmakers were told by senior administration officials that the president wanted military options “a level or two up” from the “whack-a-mole strikes we had been doing on (militia) storage and launch sites.”
A U.N. Agency Is Accused of Links to Hamas. The Clues Were There All Along.
The Western-funded group providing lifesaving aid in Gaza has long struggled to defend its neutrality from militants
For years, international relief workers and the Israeli military have reported weapons caches occasionally found in schools operated by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, the organization that for decades has provided schooling, healthcare and other assistance to Palestinian refugees in Gaza.
Suspicions that Hamas and other militant groups wielded untoward influence over Unrwa spread worldwide this week after Israeli intelligence reported that a dozen employees of the U.N. agency allegedly participated in the Oct. 7 attacks on Israel.
What began as a small agency providing tents, food and other emergency relief for refugees of the 1948 Arab-Israeli war has grown into an organization with a staff of 30,000 people, nearly all Palestinians, operating in Gaza, the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Western nations pay for most of its roughly $1.3 billion budget.
Sudan civil war: UN receiving reports of starvation deaths
By Kalkidan Yibeltal, BBC News
The World Food Programme (WFP) says it is receiving reports of people dying of starvation in Sudan, where a war has displaced millions of people since last April.
Violence is escalating between the army and a rival paramilitary force as they fight for control of the country.
Security threats and roadblocks have made the work of humanitarian agencies nearly impossible.
Nearly five million people across Sudan now face emergency levels of hunger.
This is twice the number since the start of the conflict, according to the WFP.
The humanitarian body says it has only been able to deliver vital aid to 10% of those in need in areas embroiled in the conflict.
These include the capital, Khartoum, and the western Darfur region, which have endured some of the worst violence.
Earlier this week, the UN’s refugee agency said almost eight million people had been force from their homes by the conflict.
Both sides in the conflict – the army and the Rapid Support Forces – have been accused of war crimes.
Attempts to broker peace between the warring factions have so far failed, and in recent weeks fighting has only intensified.
And in about 1 in 8 American aquifers — roughly 12 percent — the collapse of underground water levels has sped up during the 21st century, the researchers found.
“Groundwater levels are declining rapidly in many areas,” co-author Scott Jasechko of the University of California, Santa Barbara told The Hill.
Water basins where groundwater is in rapid decline
“And what’s worse, the rate of groundwater decline is accelerating in a large portion of areas,” Jasechko said.
The impacted aquifers support much of the U.S. food system, as well as providing water used by many Americans. And the country is not alone in its losses: The study found rapid loss of water in aquifers that supply hundreds of millions of people worldwide.
But the researchers added that these grim findings came with a bright spot: Many once-declining regions have bucked the trend.
“Long term groundwater losses,” they wrote, “are neither universal nor inevitable.”
To read the full article please click the following link: https://thehill.com/policy/equilibrium-sustainability/4426143-majority-of-americas-underground-water-stores-are-drying-up-study-finds/
Ukraine war: How Russia’s war is changing childhood in Ukraine
Russia’s war has transformed everything in Kharkiv, including childhood.
Missiles are fired on Ukraine’s second city from across the Russian border which is so close by that there are only seconds to stop them. If they’re aimed at Kharkiv there’s every chance they’ll hit – and little chance of reaching shelter.
School and kindergarten buildings have been closed for almost two years for safety, and playgrounds stand empty. Now, as the full-scale war heads towards its third year, parts of life in Kharkiv are moving underground. Deep down in the metro, specially built classrooms run parallel to the platform at five stations. The local authorities began offering school lessons beneath the city streets several months ago.
They’ve just added preschool classes on the weekends.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68170396
British MP slams BBC over Ram Mandir coverage, calls for debate in House of Commons on BBC impartiality
LONDON: A British MP has slammed BBC’s coverage of the consecration of the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya.
Conservative MP Bob Blackman said on Thursday, on the floor of the House of Commons: “Last week Ram Mandir was consecrated in Ayodhya-the birthplace of Lord Ram-in Uttar Pradesh in India. That caused great joy to Hindus across the world. Sadly, BBC reported that it was the site of the destruction of a mosque, forgetting that it had been a temple for more than 2,000 years before that, and that the Muslims had been allocated a five-acre site adjacent to the town on which to erect a mosque.”
He called for a debate on “the impartiality of the BBC and its failure to provide a decent record of what is going on all over the world.”
Leader of the House of Commons Penny Mordaunt responded that a recent BBC review had raised very important “issues”.
Kenya gas explosion kills at least three and injures hundreds
Feb., 2. More than 280 taken to hospital after truck blast on gas storage site that had unsuccessfully applied for permit to operate
A lorry loaded with liquid petroleum gas cylinders exploded and set off a late-night inferno that burned homes and warehouses in Kenya’s capital, Nairobi, killing at least three people and injuring more than 280. The death toll is expected to increase.
At least 24 people were critically injured, the Kenya Red Cross said, after a huge fireball erupted from the gas depot. Some gas cylinders were thrown hundreds of metres, sparking several separate fires.
The lorry was parked inside a gas cylinder storage and filling site that had multiple applications to operate there rejected last year because it was too close to residential areas, Kenya’s Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority said, raising questions about whether the site was operating illegally.
“The government knew this liquid petroleum gas plant was existing in a residential area, but they did nothing,” resident Charles Mainge said. “They should make sure this doesn’t happen again.”
Witnesses said they heard a sound they suspected to be gas leaking from inside the storage site before at least two explosions and the massive fire, which broke out at about 11.30pm on Thursday. A huge fireball lit up the night sky.
Many people were probably inside when the fire reached their homes in the Mradi area of the Nairobi neighbourhood of Embakasi, the government’s spokesperson, Isaac Mwaura, said.
A flying gas cylinder set off a fire that burned down a nearby garment and textile warehouse, Mwaura said. Several other vehicles and businesses were damaged in the blaze.
Videos taken by witnesses showed the fireball erupting after an explosion next to blocks of flats. People could be heard screaming.
At the scene on Friday morning, several houses and shops were burned out. The roof of a four-storey residential building about 200 metres from the explosion was broken by another flying gas cylinder. Electrical wires lay on the ground.
Nothing remained at the burned-out gas storage site except the shells of several trucks.
Editor Desk - Navacetana Saturday weekly is a weekly supplement of GPIF's, (Delhi Sector) monthly magazine - Navacetana' - The Voice of Girls Proutist
Jan 27th
Australia funds rare earth research as West seeks China alternatives
Canberra to spend $14m to boost rare earth and critical minerals sectors.
SYDNEY — Australia’s government will funnel 22 million Australian dollars ($14 million) into rare earth and critical mineral research as it endeavors to be a “global clean energy supplier,” its resource minister said on Monday.
“The path to net zero by 2050 runs through Australia’s resources sector,” Madeleine King said. “The new research will help Australia further develop critical minerals and rare earths processes, and encourage downstream processing to produce components for clean technologies.”
Those technologies include electric vehicles, batteries and wind turbines.
The package is part of a broader Australian government-backed, multi-billion dollar push that has two goals: to stake out a place in the global supply chains feeding the green energy transition and to reduce reliance on China, a major supplier and the main processor and refiner of the vital metals.
The announcement comes weeks after China tightened export controls on technologies used to turn rare earths into permanent magnets, a core component of EV engines and wind turbines.
The funding announced by Australia will be split between three projects.
Almost AU$14 million will go to the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) for research to accelerate the discovery, extraction and processing of rare earth elements from lower-grade deposits.
Thailand discovers nearly 15 million tonnes of lithium
BANGKOK, Jan 19 — Thailand has discovered nearly 15 million tonnes of lithium deposits, a government spokesman said today, a boost for the kingdom’s goal of becoming a regional hub for electric vehicle production.
The find means Thailand has the third largest lithium resources, behind Bolivia and Argentina, but it is not yet clear how much can be exploited commercially.
The 14.8 million tonnes of lithium are distributed between two separate sites in the southern province of Phang Nga, government deputy spokeswoman Rudklao Intawong Suwankiri told The Nation television station.
Lithium is a key component in the manufacture of batteries used in electric cars, as well as smartphones and other electronics.
The government of Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin, which took over in August, has made it a priority to try to boost Thailand as a regional production hub for electric vehicles, building on the kingdom’s history of assembling conventional cars.
During the World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Srettha met industry leaders including the deputy chairman of Bosch to urge him to invest in EV production in Thailand.
“It’s good news. It’s an opportunity for Thailand to become self-reliant in the production of EV batteries,” Rudklao said of the lithium discovery.
In December 2023, two Chinese EV giants said they would invest 2.3 billion baht (RM301 million) to develop Thailand as a production hub. — AFP
‘Zombie’ virus threat: Scientists warn of terrifying new pandemic
(Published 24 January 2024, 19:16 IST)
Researchers identified strains of these dormant microorganisms and raised the alarm that Earth’s warming climate could unleash a catastrophic disease outbreak.
Scientists in Siberia have warned against a new pandemic threat—Methusealah microbes—colloquially known as ‘zombie’ viruses.
These ancient viruses are frozen in the Arctic permafrost, but researchers fear that the warming climate and its effects on the the permafrost cover could one day release these viruses, thereby sparking a catastrophic disease outbreak.
To help keep tabs on the situation, a plan for an Arctic monitoring network by scientists is being made to detect early instances of diseases caused by the microbes, which will help prevent the spread of an outbreak, if any, beyond the Arctic regions.
Geneticist Jean-Michel Claverie of Aix-Marseille University told The Guardian, “At the moment, analyses of pandemic threats focus on diseases that might emerge in southern regions and then spread north”.
“By contrast, little attention has been given to an outbreak that might emerge in the far north and then travel south – and that is an oversight, I believe. There are viruses up there that have the potential to infect humans and start a new disease outbreak”, he added.
Virologist Marion Koopmans of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam emphasised the unpredictability of these zombie viruses. “We don’t know what viruses are lying out there in the permafrost but I think there is a real risk that there might be one capable of triggering a disease outbreak,” he said.
A scientific expedition led by Claverie in 2014 unveiled live viruses in Siberia, showcasing their resilience even after millennia in permafrost. Recent research further revealed the existence of diverse viral strains across seven Siberian sites, capable of infecting cultured cells.
Claverie clarifies that while the isolated viruses pose no risk to humans, the genomic traces of known human pathogens like poxviruses and herpesviruses have been identified in permafrost.
Permafrost covers a fifth of the northern hemisphere. It is made up of soil that has been kept at temperatures below zero for long periods and some layers have remained frozen for hundreds of thousands of years.
The immediate threat, according to Claverie, arises not solely from melting permafrost but from the impact of vanishing Arctic sea ice. “Huge mining operations are being planned. Those operations will release vast amounts of pathogens that still thrive there. Miners will walk in and breath the viruses. The effects could be calamitous”, he warned.
Koopmans, meanwhile, stressed on the history of epidemic outbreaks, highlighting factors reponsible. “If you look at the history of epidemic outbreaks, one of the key drivers has been change in land use. Nipah virus was spread by fruit bats who were driven from their habitats by humans. Similarly, monkeypox has been linked to the spread of urbanisation in Africa. A complete change in land use could be dangerous, as we have seen elsewhere,” he told The Guardian.
Scientists believe that permafrost, at its deepest levels, may contain viruses that are far older than our own species, which is thought to have emerged about 300,000 years ago.
Claverie and others are working with the University of the Arctic on plans to establish quarantine facilities and provide medical expertise that could pinpoint early cases and treat them locally to try to contain the infection.
“We now face a tangible threat and we need to be prepared to deal with it. It is as simple as that,” Claverie said unambiguously.
India, UAE Settle Trade In Rupees For Gold Among Other Commodities, Says Official
15 Jan 2024, 10:54 PM IST
December trade data showed that import of gold, in particular, witnessed a 156% YoY jump, as compared with the same period last year
Trade between India and the UAE for gold is being settled in rupees, according to an official with knowledge of the matter. Gold is among other commodities, which are traded with UAE, that utilise the rupee settlement as a payment mode, the official quoted above said, while speaking on the condition of anonymity.
In July 2022, the Reserve Bank of India decided to allow the settlement of India’s international trade in rupee. December trade data showed that import of gold, in particular, witnessed a 156% YoY jump, as compared with the same period last year. In December itself, it came up to $3.02 billion. The export of gems and jewellery have also witnessed improvement in December, although it’s still experiencing an export decline in comparision with last year. On a month-on-month basis, gems and jewellery exports saw a 14.07% rise, according to Commerce Secretary Sunil Barthwal, who addressed the media during the monthly trade data briefing. https://www.ndtvprofit.com/economy-finance/india-uae-settle-trade-in-rupees-for-gold-among-other-commodities-says-official
Goldman Client Survey Shows Geopolitics Is Biggest Risk In 2024
Geopolitics poses by far the biggest risk to markets and the global economy this year, with inflation no longer viewed as such a major threat, according to a client survey by Goldman Sachs Group Inc.
(Bloomberg) — Geopolitics poses by far the biggest risk to markets and the global economy this year, with inflation no longer viewed as such a major threat, according to a client survey by Goldman Sachs Group Inc. Some 54% of respondents picked geopolitics as the top risk in the survey, conducted as part of the bank’s annual global strategy conference in London this month. The US election, which will be held on Nov. 5, came in second place with 17%.
The results underscore a major shift in global market sentiment as inflation — the main bugbear of recent years — slows back toward central banks’ targets. While a resurgence remains a threat, the Goldman survey shows investors are increasingly concerned about how to position should wars in Europe and the Middle East spread, and with tensions rising between China and Taiwan. https://www.ndtvprofit.com/global-economics/goldman-client-survey-shows-geopolitics-is-biggest-risk-in-2024
SORTING OF BIO-WASTE WILL BECOME MANDATORY IN 2024 IN FRANCE
From 1st January, the recycling of organic waste will be obligatory in France. Here’s how the government says it will work.
Cities like San Francisco have been doing it for a quarter of a century with impressive results, but in France, the idea of recycling organic waste is relatively new. The country’s bio-waste plans originated in 2015 and were furthered by the Anti-Waste Circular Economy Law, which was passed in February 2020. Things have been percolating ever since, and now a 1st January 2024 deadline for the obligatory sorting of bio-waste by households is looming.
With that date is fast approaching, the government has published a set of guidelines to help the public follow the new rules, but there are still valid questions on how and when compliance will realistically be possible.
DEALING WITH BIO-WASTE
Bio-waste is a rather narrow category that includes food and catering waste, like leftover meals, vegetable peelings and expired food products, as well as garden waste, such as grass clippings, dead leaves and twigs from pruning.
Traditionally, most of these items have disappeared into general household waste bins destined for rubbish heaps or incinerators. As of 1st January 2024, however, French households will be legally obliged to separate these compostable organic materials, which account for roughly a third of the annual waste produced in the home, as part of a larger EU-wide plan concerning garbage.
HOW IT WILL WORK
Municipalities are being given relatively free reign on how to implement the new rules. Some are choosing to distribute small counter-top bins that can be left outside the home for a dedicated collection service to pick up while others are installing municipal collection points, like those already available across much of the country for glass, plastic and paper waste.
Whatever the method of collection, the bio-waste recuperated will then be processed and turned into compost to be used for other purposes.
To lessen the burden on towns and cities, the government is also encouraging home composting as an alternative for those who have the type of property where this is possible.
Poland secures EU concession to limit food exports from Ukraine
The New Voice of Ukraine
Warsaw has won concessions from the European Union in its battle to limit Ukrainian food exports, the Financial Times reported on Jan. 22, citing the bloc’s trade commissioner, Valdis Dombrovskis.
Dombrovskis said Brussels would control the influx of farm products if they risk depressing prices in Poland and other neighboring countries.
The proposal, which is expected this week, will likely include “country-specific safeguards” allowing the EU to block imports if a particular country’s market is flooded.
“We will look at how we can provide additional assurances to Poland and other member states, and one way of doing this is introducing country-specific safeguards,” Dombrovskis said.
Russia-Ukraine war live updates: Kyiv begins EU accession talks; Russia to boost defense output
UPDATED FRI, JAN 26 20249:46 AM EST
Ukraine formally started the screening process to begin talks over its future membership of the European Union on Thursday, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said.
In a post on X, the Ukrainian leader said he welcomed the start of “substantial preparations for Ukraine’s EU accession talks” in Brussels, following an agreement reached with EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen last week at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.
“The thorough work of assessing the conformity of Ukrainian legislation with EU norms, the formation of Ukraine’s delegation, and our negotiating position are all ahead of us,” Zelenskyy added.
“I expect full engagement of Ukrainian government team and the first intergovernmental conference to be held already this spring.”
Across the Atlantic, bipartisan U.S. Senate negotiations over a border security deal that ties in aid for Ukraine have hit a critical juncture, Republican Senator John Thune told reporters on Thursday, according to Reuters. The White House said last week that the U.S. money supply to Ukraine has now run out, which could leave Kyiv ill-equipped to repel the Russian invasion.
A small bipartisan group of senators is seeking a way to please Republicans aligned with Donald Trump, the front-runner for the party’s presidential candidacy, who has openly pressured allies not to compromise on legislation that would help President Joe Biden in the run-up to November’s election.
Meanwhile, Moscow and Kyiv continue to trade allegations over the shooting down on Wednesday of a Russian military transport plane that was carrying 65 Ukrainian prisoners of war and nine Russians.
Russia blamed Ukraine for the plane crash, saying it had used Western missiles to shoot the military transport Ilyushin-76 plane down over the border region of Belgorod, killing all on board, while the aircraft was en route to a prisoner exchange.
A senior Russian lawmaker also alleged Ukrainian military intelligence had been given a 15-minute warning before the plane entered the area.
Ukraine has denied that it was given a warning, but has neither confirmed nor denied that its forces shot down the plane. Zelenskyy said Kyiv will fully investigate the circumstances around the crash, adding that “facts” were a key priority. He accused Russia of “playing with the lives of Ukrainian prisoners, with the feelings of their relatives and with the emotions of our society.”
Conflict, climate change and AI get top billing as leaders converge for elite meeting in Davos
The World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, hosts over 60 global leaders discussing pressing issues like climate change, Al’s impact, and regional conflicts. Despite criticism for elitism, it remains a crucial platform for cross-sectoral dialogues. Key focuses include the Middle East situation, the rise of Al with sessions on education and ethics, concerns about misinformation affecting democracies, and renewed efforts to combat climate change. Notable speakers include Israeli President Herzog, China’s Prime Minister Li Qiang, and discussions led by climate advocate John Kerry.
Israel to face Gaza genocide charges at World Court
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is holding hearings on accusations of genocide in Gaza, brought by South Africa against Israel. Israel faces claims of violating the 1948 Genocide Convention in its war against Hamas militants. The hearings focus on South Africa’s request for emergency measures to suspend Israel’s military actions during the case. Israel’s offensive in response to Hamas actions has caused a humanitarian crisis, displacing nearly all of Gaza’s population. The ICJ process could take years.
Over 50 countries go to the polls in 2024. The year will test even the most robust democracies
More than 50 countries that are home to half the planet’s population are due to hold national elections in 2024, but the number of citizens exercising the right to vote is not unalloyed good news. The year looks set to test even the most robust democracies and to strengthen the hands of leaders with authoritarian leanings. From Russia, Taiwan and the United Kingdom to India, El Salvador and South Africa, the presidential and legislative contests have huge implications for human rights, economies, international relations and prospects for peace in a volatile world.
Indian-owned Tata Steel is to cut about 3,000 jobs at a plant in Wales, as the industry struggles to finance greener production of the metal.
The company will on Friday confirm the closure of two blast furnaces at the Port Talbot steelworks, resulting in the loss of over one-third of staff, the source with knowledge of the plan told AFP.
Ukraine has banned government officials, military personnel and other defence and critical infrastructure workers from installing the popular Telegram messaging app on state-issued devices, describing the move as necessary for national security during the war with Russia.
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